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Algebra Functions Graphs Notes

The document provides an overview of algebra, functions, and graphs, including definitions of key terms such as variables, constants, and equations. It outlines basic algebra skills like simplification, expansion, and solving equations, as well as the characteristics of different types of functions and their graphs. Additionally, it includes practice exercises for reinforcing these concepts.

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12 views2 pages

Algebra Functions Graphs Notes

The document provides an overview of algebra, functions, and graphs, including definitions of key terms such as variables, constants, and equations. It outlines basic algebra skills like simplification, expansion, and solving equations, as well as the characteristics of different types of functions and their graphs. Additionally, it includes practice exercises for reinforcing these concepts.

Uploaded by

drsilahjeff138
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Algebra, Functions and Graphs - Notes

1. Algebra
Algebra is the branch of mathematics dealing with symbols and rules for manipulating these
symbols.

• Variable: A symbol (usually a letter) representing a number.


• Constant: A fixed value.
• Coefficient: A number multiplying a variable.
• Expression: A mathematical phrase (e.g., 3x + 2).
• Equation: A statement that two expressions are equal (e.g., 2x + 1 = 7).

Basic Skills in Algebra:


• Simplification: Combine like terms, e.g., 3x + 2x = 5x.
• Expansion: Multiply out brackets, e.g., (x + 2)(x + 3) = x² + 5x + 6.
• Factorization: Reverse of expansion, e.g., x² + 5x + 6 = (x + 2)(x + 3).
• Solving Linear Equations: Find the unknown, e.g., 2x + 3 = 7 → x = 2.
• Solving Quadratic Equations: Use factorization, completing the square, or quadratic formula.

2. Functions
A function is a rule that assigns each input (x) exactly one output (y).
• Notation: f(x) means 'the function f of x'.
• Domain: The set of possible input values.
• Range: The set of possible output values.
Common Functions:
• Linear: f(x) = mx + c (straight line).
• Quadratic: f(x) = ax² + bx + c (parabola).
• Cubic: f(x) = ax³ + bx² + cx + d.
• Exponential: f(x) = a·b■.
• Logarithmic: f(x) = log■(x).

3. Graphs of Functions
Graphs visually represent the relationship between x and y.
• Linear Graphs: Straight line; slope = m; y-intercept = c.
• Quadratic Graphs: U-shaped or inverted U-shaped parabola.
• Cubic Graphs: S-shaped curve.
• Exponential Graphs: Curve increasing or decreasing rapidly.
• Logarithmic Graphs: Slow growth, inverse of exponential.
Transformations of Graphs:
• Translation: Shift graph up, down, left, or right.
• Reflection: Flip graph across x-axis or y-axis.
• Stretch/Compression: Change the steepness of the graph.

4. Practice Exercises
• Simplify: 2x + 3x - 5.
• Expand: (x + 4)(x - 2).
• Factorize: x² + 7x + 12.
• Solve for x: 3x + 5 = 20.
• Sketch the graph of y = 2x + 1.
• Sketch the graph of y = x² - 4.

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