1.
Algebra
● Expressions: A combination of numbers, variables, and operators (e.g., 3x+53x +
53x+5).
● Equations: Mathematical statements that two expressions are equal (e.g., 2x+3=72x + 3
= 72x+3=7).
● Solving Linear Equations: Solve for the unknown variable (e.g.,
2x+3=7⇒x=22x + 3 = 7 \Rightarrow x = 22x+3=7⇒x=2).
● Quadratic Equations: Equations in the form ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0ax2+bx+c=0.
○ Quadratic Formula: x=−b±b2−4ac2ax = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 -
4ac}}{2a}x=2a−b±b2−4ac
● Factoring: Writing an expression as the product of factors (e.g.,
x2−5x+6=(x−2)(x−3)x^2 - 5x + 6 = (x - 2)(x - 3)x2−5x+6=(x−2)(x−3)).
● Completing the Square: Used to convert a quadratic into a perfect square form to solve
it.
○ Example: x2−6x=7x^2 - 6x = 7x2−6x=7 becomes (x−3)2=16(x -
3)^2 = 16(x−3)2=16, so x=3±4x = 3 \pm 4x=3±4.
2. Functions and Graphs
● Function: A relation between a set of inputs and outputs such that each input has one
output.
○ Example: f(x)=2x+3f(x) = 2x + 3f(x)=2x+3
● Domain and Range:
○ Domain: Set of all possible input values (x-values).
○ Range: Set of all possible output values (y-values).
● Linear Functions: Functions of the form f(x)=mx+bf(x) = mx + bf(x)=mx+b, where mmm
is the slope and bbb is the y-intercept.
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