Ridha test
Chapter 2: Properties of Materials – Test Paper
Total Marks: 50
Time: 1 hour
📘 Syllabus Coverage
• 2.1 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
• 2.2 Trends in groups within the Periodic Table
• 2.3 Why elements react to form compounds
• 2.4 Simple and giant structures
🔹 Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark × 5 = 5
marks)
Choose the correct option and write the letter.
1. What is the charge of a proton?
A. Neutral B. –1 C. +1 D. +2
2. An atom of oxygen has 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Its mass number is:
A. 8 B. 16 C. 10 D. 18
3. Elements in the same group of the Periodic Table have:
A. Same number of protons
B. Same number of shells
C. Same number of outer electrons
D. Same atomic number
4. Which element is most reactive in Group 1?
A. Lithium B. Sodium C. Potassium D. Fluorine
5. Ionic bonds are formed by:
A. Sharing electrons
B. Losing and gaining electrons
C. Melting metals
D. Breaking covalent bonds
🔹 Section B: Short Answer Questions (2 marks × 5 = 10
marks)
6. Define the term element and give one example.
7. Describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
8. What is meant by the group and period in the Periodic Table?
9. Why do atoms of metals lose electrons when they react?
10. State two differences between simple molecular and giant covalent structures.
🔹 Section C: Data/Diagram-Based Questions (3 marks × 5 =
15 marks)
11. The diagram shows the atomic structure of sodium (Na).
a) What is its atomic number? (1 mark)
b) How many electrons are in the outer shell? (1 mark)
c) Explain why sodium is reactive. (1 mark)
12. The table shows Group 1 elements.
Atomic Melting Point
Element
Number (°C)
Lithium 3 181
Sodium 11 98
Potassiu
19 64
m
a) What trend is observed in melting point as you go down Group 1? (1 mark)
b) Which is the most reactive? Explain why. (2 marks)"
13. Compare the bonding and structure in NaCl and H₂O.
Use terms: ionic, covalent, lattice, molecules.
14. Draw a simple diagram showing ionic bonding in magnesium oxide (MgO).
Include charges and electron transfer.
15. Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten but not when solid?
(Hint: think about movement of ions)
🔹 Section D: Long Answer Questions (5 marks × 4 = 20
marks)
16. Atomic Structure and Periodic Table
a) Describe the structure of a fluorine atom. (2 marks)
b) Explain how the position of an element in the Periodic Table is related to its electronic
structure. (3 marks)
17. Reactivity and Group Trends
a) Explain why elements in Group 1 become more reactive down the group. (2 marks)
b) Describe two trends observed in Group 7 elements. (3 marks)
18. Why Elements React
a) Why do elements form compounds? (2 marks)
b) Explain how atoms of magnesium and chlorine combine to form magnesium chloride
(MgCl₂). Include electron transfer. (3 marks)
19. Simple vs Giant Structures
a) Describe the bonding and structure of diamond. (2 marks)
b) Compare the melting point and conductivity of diamond and graphite. (3 marks)
