IB HL Atomic Structure Test 2014
249
1 Give the numbers of protons, electrons and neutrons present in 114 Fl [1]
p+ = 114, e- = 114, n0 = 135
2 Give the full electronic configuration of 29Cu [1]
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 (except 3d and 4s in either order)
3 Give the full electronic configuration of Ga3+ [1]
1s22s22p63s23p63d10
4 How many p electrons are there in an atom of selenium? 16 [1]
5 Which of the following has more neutrons than electrons?
A 2
H B 35
Cl- C 40
Ca2+ D 32
S
6 Complete the electronic configuration of 27Co by putting electrons in boxes: [1]
3d 4s
Co [Ar] ↓↑ ↓↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓↑
only accept half-headed arrows (not as above – font limitation)
7 Which species possesses the most unpaired electrons?
A. Mn B. Cr C. P D. Fe3+
8 Between which ionization energies of phosphorus will there be the greatest difference?
A. between 1st and 2nd ionization energies
B. between 2nd and 3rd ionization energies
C. between 3rd and 4th ionization energies
D. between 4th and 5th ionization energies
9 Which factors lead to an element having a high value of first ionization energy?
I. small atomic radius
II. high number of occupied energy levels
III. high nuclear charge
A I and II only B I and III only
C II and III only D I, II and III.
10 How many electrons are there in all the s orbitals in an atom of rubidium?
A 1 B 3 C 7 D 9
12 Which statement is correct for the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom?
A The lines converge at lower energies.
B The lines are produced when electrons move from lower to higher energy levels.
C The lines in the visible region involve electron transitions into the energy level
closest to the nucleus.
D The line corresponding to the greatest emission of energy is in the ultraviolet region.
IB HL Atomic Structure Test 2014
13 The diagram below (not to scale) represents some of the electron energy levels in the
hydrogen atom.
n=
n=6
n=5
n=4
n=3
n=2
n=1
(a) Draw an arrow on the diagram to represent an electron transition for a line in the
Lyman series of hydrogen. Label this arrow A. [2]
Any downwards arrow to energy level 1. Do not accept arrows that start or end
between energy levels.
(b) The H-alpha (red) line in the Balmer series of the hydrogen emission spectrum
occurs at 656.3 nm. Calculate the energy of the photon emitted which produces this
line. [3]
frequency = c/λ = (3.00 x 10-8)/(6.563 x 10-7);
frequency = 4.571 x 1014 (Hz);
E = hν = (6.63 x 10-34) x (4.571 x 1014) = 3.03 x 10-19 J;
14 (a) Draw the shape of the pz orbital using the coordinates shown. [1]
(b) State the electron configuration of Mn2+. [1]
1s22s22p63s23p63d5 or [Ar]3d5
IB HL Atomic Structure Test 2014
(c) The element arsenic (Z = 33) has electrons in the 4s, 3d and 4p orbitals. Draw an
orbital box diagram (arrow-in-box notation) to represent these electrons. [1]
4p ↑ ↑ ↑
4s ↑↓
3d ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
15 (a) Magnesium exists as three isotopes with the following relative abundances:
24 25 26
Mg – 78.99% Mg – 10.00% Mg – 11.01%
Use these data to calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium, giving your
answer to 2 decimal places. [2]
( 78.99× 24 ) + ( 10.00 ×25 )+ ( 11.01 ×26 )
; 24.32;
100
(b) Bromine exists as two main isotopes, 79Br and 81Br. The relative atomic mass of
bromine is 79.91. Calculate the percentage abundance of each isotope giving your
answers to 3 significant figures. [3]
79
Accept any working method for one mark Br = 54.5%;
( 79 x ) + ( 81 ( 100−x ) ) 81
e.g., =79.91 Br = 45.5%;
100
16 State and explain:
(a) the general trend in first ionization energy across the elements of Period 2. [2]
First I.E. increase across the period;
Increase in nuclear charge/number of protons and no additional electron shielding;
(b) why the second ionization energy of lithium is significantly greater than the first
ionization energy. [2]
Second electron removed from an energy level closer to the nucleus;
Force of attraction between nucleus and outer electron much stronger;
(c) which of sodium and potassium has the higher first ionization energy. [2]
Sodium has the higher first I.E.;
Outer electron is closer to the nucleus (and attracted more strongly);
(d) which of sulphur and phosphorus has the lower first ionization energy. [3]
Sulphur has the lower first I.E.;
Sulphur contains a pair of electrons in a (3)p orbital;
Paired electrons repel each other;
