GARDEN HIGH SCHOOL

CLASS X
Half-Yearly Examination, 2018
Geography

Time: 2 hours Full Marks: 80

This Question Paper has six printed pages.

Answers must be written in the script/s provided. You will not be allowed to write for the
first 15 minutes. This time must be spent in reading the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing answers.

This Paper is divided into two sections. Answer both the questions of Section A,
and any five of Section B.
All parts of a question must be answered together in the correct order.
Maximum marks for a question or part of a question are given in brackets [ ].
An outline map of India will be provided. It must be securely attached to your script.

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer all the questions.

Question No 1 [20]

Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No 45D/7 and answer the following
questions:

86
45D 7
73
87 01

(a) Give the six-figure grid reference of ∆217. [1]

(b) What does 30r situated in grid 8777stand for? [1]

(c) What kind of rainfall does the area shown in the extract receive? Mention any two
features that clearly indicate this kind of rainfall. [½ + 1]

(d) (i) What is the drainage pattern in grid 9478? [½]

(ii) Give any one reason for your answer. [½]

 (2)

(e) What do the following represent? [1]

(i) black broken lines in grid 9575

(ii) black tree in grid 9779

(f) (i) What is the general direction of Balaram Nadi? [½]

(ii) On which bank of the main river does Balaram Nadi lie? Give a reason for your
answer. [1]

(g) Assuming that you can see up to half a kilometre on either side of the cart track,
during the journey from Antroli (9576) to Bantawada (9978), mention;

(i) the direction in which you are travelling. [½]

(ii) one natural feature. [½]

(iii) one man-made feature. [½]

(iv) the distance, in km, from the point where the cart track leaves Antroli (953765)
to the point where it meets the pack track at Bantawada. [1]

(v) the time taken (in hrs and min) for the journey at a speed of 1km/hr. [1]

(h) What is the relief feature in the south-eastern corner of the map extract? [1]

(i) (i) State one physical feature in grid 9876. [1]

(ii) What is its height in metres? [½]

(iii) What is the settlement pattern of Moti Bhatamal? [1]

(j) What is the general height, in metres, of Nani Bhatamal in grid 9280? [½]

(k) How does the settlement pattern in grid 9977 differ from that in grid 9580? [1]

(l) What is the general use of land in the area shown in the extract with reference to:
(i) even ground? (ii) uneven ground? [1]

(m) Calculate the area in sq km. represented in the map from eastings 93 to 99 and
northings 74 to 78. [2]

(n) (i) Name the largest settlement in the given extract. [½]

(ii) State one advantage it has over other settlements. [½]

(o) Why is RF preferred to other scales? [½]

 (3)

Question No 2

On the outline map of India provided:

(a) Shade and label the Gulf of Mannar and the Chota Nagpur Plateau. [1]

(b) Shade and label Lake Chilika and the area where alluvial soil is found in the south
India. [1]

(c) Mark and label the Nathu La pass and the Western Ghats. [1]

(d) Label the rivers Godavari and Yamuna. [1]

(e) Mark and name the Karakoram Range and Hyderabad. [1]

(f) Shade and name the Andaman Sea and the coastal plain that receives rainfall in
October and November. [1]

(g) Draw and number the Standard Meridian of India and label the river Satluj. [1]

(h) Mark with a single arrow and name the winds that bring winter rain in north-west
India and print C where the coalfields are found in Jharia. [1]

(i) Shade a region in north-east India where laterite soil is found and a sparsely
populated region in western India. [1]

(j) Mark and label Palk Strait and name an off-shore oilfield in India. [1]

SECTION B (50 Marks)

Answer any five questions.

Question No 3

(a) Study the climatic data given below of three stations and answer the questions
that follow:

Stn Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
TempºC 14.4 16.7 23.3 30 33.3 33.3 30 29.4 28.9 25.6 19.4 15.6
A
Rf cm 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 1.8 7.4 19.3 17.8 11.9 1.3 0.3 0.2

Temp°C 12.7 15.1 22.1 31.8 37.2 39.1 37.3 33.4 28.2 26 16.1 13.1
B
Rf cm 16.3 10.3 0.3 0.1 1.3 3.8 7.2 7.8 8.2 8 20.1 19.4

Temp°C 24.4 25 27.7 28.3 30.2 30.3 30.4 33.3 30 30.3 25.5 24
C
Rf cm – – 1.1 1.5 2.1 45.3 46.5 45.4 27 4.7 1.1 –

(i) Calculate the annual rainfall at Stn A. [½]

(ii) Calculate the annual range of temperature at Stn B. [½]

 (4)

(b) Suggest a name of a city for each of the two stations A and B. Justify your answer by
giving a reason for each suggestion. [1 + 1]

(c) On which coast of India will Stn C lie? Give a reason for your answer. [1]

(d) Give reasons why:

(i) Thiruvananthapuram gets the maximum rainfall with the onset of monsoons
but less rainfall when the monsoon retreats. [1]

(ii) fishermen are asked not to venture into the Bay of Bengal in the months of
October-November. [1]

(iii) latitudinal extent is responsible for the different climatic conditions found in
India. [1]

(iv) Panaji gets rain earlier than Patna. [1]

(e) Which city, Varanasi or Agra, gets more rainfall and why? [1]

(f) Name a local storm that occurs in summer in India. State an effect of this storm.
[1]

Question No 4

(a) Give reasons why:

(i) Kochi has lesser number of rainy days but gets heavier rainfall than Chennai
which has more rainy days but less rainfall. [1]

(ii) summer monsoon winds in India blow from the south-west. [1]

(iii) different regions in India have different kinds of soil. [1]

(iv) there is a need for conservation of soil as a natural resource. [1]

(v) black soil does not get leached. [1]

(b) Mention two differences between alluvial soil and red soil. [2]

(c) How is regur soil formed? Why is it suitable for growing crops in unirrigated
areas? [1]

(d) Define: [2 × 1 = 2]

(i) leaching (ii) pedogenesis

Question No 5

(a) Give two reasons why monsoon deciduous forests are commercially more valuable
than other types of forests. [1]

(b) State any two characteristics of littoral forests. [1]

 (5)

(c) Mention two steps that have been taken by the Government of India to sustain forest
resources. [1]

(d) Name an area where thorn forests are found. State two ways in which the forests
have adapted themselves to the prevalent climatic conditions. [1 + 1]

(e) How do forests have a favourable effect on the climate of a region? [1]

(f) Give one important use of each of the following trees: [2]
(i) silver fir (iii) sisam
(ii) rosewood (iv) deodar

(g) State any two differences between tropical and temperate cyclones. [2]

Question No 6

(a) There is plenty of rain in India during the rainy season yet we need irrigation. Give
two reasons to support this statement. [1]

(b) (i) Mention two reasons why the world is in danger of facing a severe water
shortage in future. [1]

(ii) List any two measures the government should adopt to handle the present
water crisis in India. [1]

(c) Give one advantage and one disadvantage that tubewells have over surface wells.
[1]
(d) Name one state in India where perennial canals are widely used. Give two
reasons why perennial canals are a popular form of irrigation in the state you have
mentioned. [½ +1]

(e) Give two reasons why inundation canals are being converted to perennial canals. [1]

(f) Why is drip irrigation popular among all modern methods of irrigation? [½]

(g) (i) Name the most important type of irrigation practised in Andhra Pradesh. [1]

(ii) State two reasons for its popularity in this state. [1]

(iii) State one advantage and one disadvantage of this type of irrigation. [1]

Question No 7

(a) (i) Name a state which produces cotton. Mention two geographical conditions
which favour the cultivation of cotton in the state you have mentioned. [1 + 1]

(ii) State any two problems of cotton cultivation. [1]

 (6)

(b) (i) What is ratooning? [1]

(ii) Why are coffee beans roasted? [1]

(c) Give four reasons why jute is grown in West Bengal. [2]

(d) State any one byproduct of sugarcane and give any one of its use. [1]
(e) State two differences between the geographical conditions required to grow rice and
wheat. [2]

Question No 8
(a) State the importance of transport in India. [1]

(b) Give two reasons why roadways are more advantageous than railways in India. [1]

(c) (i) Give a reason for the development of rail transport in the northern plains of India.
[½ ]
(ii) Mention an obstacle to the development of rail transport in this area. [½]

(d) What is mixed farming? State one benefit of this type of farming. [1]

(e) Explain the following methods of propagation:

(i) clonal planting of tea [1]

(ii) transplantation of paddy [1]

(f) (i) Name the most important beverage crop of India. Name a state where it is
grown. [1]

(ii) What are the climatic requirements for its cultivation? [1]
(iii) Name the first four methods in the processing of this crop. [2]

Question No 9

(a) What was the main objective of constructing the new port Nhava Sheva on the
west coast of India? [1]

(b) State two reasons why air transport is not an advantageous means of transport in
India. [1]
(c) What is meant by spoilage of landscape? How does it affect the environment? [1]

(d) Mention one way in which waste accumulation has an effect on: [2]
(i) aquatic life (ii) terrestrial life

(e) Explain the terms: [4]

(i) acid rain (iii) recycling
(ii) eutrophication (iv) segregation
(f) What is meant by composting? State one advantage of composting. [1]
 GARDEN HIGH SCHOOL
CLASS X
Half-Yearly Examination, 2019–20
Geography

Time: 2 hours Full Marks: 80

This Question Paper has six printed pages.
Answers must be written in the script/s provided. You will not be allowed to write for the
first 15 minutes. This time must be spent in reading the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing answers.

This Paper is divided into two sections. Answer both the questions of Section A,
and any five of Section B.
All parts of a question must be answered together in the correct order.
Maximum marks for a question or part of a question are given in brackets [ ].
An outline map of India will be provided. It must be securely attached to your script.

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer all the questions.

Question No 1

Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No 45 D/10 and answer the following
questions. [20]
01 21

14

45D/10

00

(a) Give the six-figure grid reference of the distance stone 24 south-west of Revdar. [1]

(b) What does 20r in grid square 1203 stand for? [1]

(c) Name two geographical features in grid square 1606 and 1110. [1]

(d) Name the type of rainfall that the region in the map extract experiences. Give two
reasons to support your answer using the grid square 0208. [1 + 1]

(e) If you walk along the metalled road at a speed of 1 km/hour from the point where a
cart tract crosses the road in grid reference 097068 (near Pipliya), how much time,
in hours and minutes, will you take to reach the distance stone 12? [2]
 (2)

(f) How does the settlement pattern at Bhatana (0201) differ from that at Fatehpura
(1604)? [1]

(g) Name the drainage patterns at (i) 1708 (ii) 0104 (iii) 1910 (iv) 1513. [2]

(h) State any two landuse patterns in this map extract. [1]

(i) Name the two types of vegetation found in grid square 1902. [1]

(j) Give reasons for each of the following:

(i) Water in the wells near Vajna (1503) is not fit for drinking. [½]

(ii) There are many causeways all along the metalled road. [½]

(k) Mention any two types of roadways passing through the interior part of the forest.[1]

(l) Why is there a stretch of yellow patch extending to the interior of the forest? [1]

(m) In which direction does the Sukli Nadi flow? Justify your answer. [1]

(n) On which bank of the Sipu Nadi is Serua (0813) located? [½]

(o) What is the occupation of the people of Serua? [½]

(p) What is the area (in sq km) of the region enclosed by Eastings 04 and 08, and
Northings 02 and 06? [2]

(q) (i) What is the settlement pattern at Revdar? [½]

(ii) Which is the quickest mode of communication at Revdar? [½]

Question No 2

On the outline map of India provided: [10]

(a) Mark and label the Vindhyas and Nilgiris. [1]

(b) Mark and label Kanchenjunga and Bengaluru. [1]

(c) Shade and label the Kanara coast and Wular Lake. [1]

(d) Shade and name a sparsely populated region in the north. [1]

(e) Mark and label the rivers Damodar and Mahanadi. [1]

(f) Mark and name the winds that bring rain to the Konkan coast. [1]

(g) Mark and label the Tropic of Cancer and Palk Strait. [1]

(h) Print C and name a coalfield near Chota Nagpur area and print O and name an
on-shore oilfield in north-east India. [1]
 (3)

(i) Shade and label the Deccan Plateau and Gulf of Khambhat. [1]

(j) Shade and label an area where black soil is found and an area where alluvial soil is
found in southern India. [1]

SECTION B (50 Marks)

Answer any five questions.

Question No 3

(a) Study the climatic data given below of two stations and answer the questions that
follow:

Stn Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Temp°C 24 24 26 28 30 29 27 27 28 26 27 25
A
Rf cm 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.2 11.8 28.5 42.3 32.9 18.6 6.5 1.8 0.2

Stn Temp°C 10.7 12 18.4 26 34.1 38.1 36.1 33.4 30.2 20.1 16.7 9.2

B Rf cm 12.1 10.3 0.3 0.1 1.3 2.1 5.2 3.2 8.1 8 12.4 13

Suggest a name of a city for each of the two stations: A and B. Give a reason for your
suggestions. [1 + 1]

(b) Name the type of climate prevailing in India. Mention a factor responsible for such a
type of climate. [½ + 1]

(c) Differentiate between the climatic conditions in Kerala and Jharkhand in the month
of June. [1]

(d) State any two characteristics of monsoon. [1]

(e) What do you mean by October Heat? [½]

(f) Give reasons why: [4 × 1]

(i) Kochi receives more rainfall than Madurai though they are on the same
latitude.

(ii) Retreat of the monsoon is slower than its arrival.

(iii) Chota Nagpur Plateau receives a good amount of rainfall from the south-west
monsoon.

(iv) Mawsynram receives heavy rainfall of 1250 cm whereas, western Rajasthan

receives 25–50 cm and Shillong receives 250 cm.
 (4)

Question No 4

(a) (i) Name the soil which is formed due to the weathering of basic igneous rocks.
[1]
(ii) Give two characteristics of this soil which makes it agriculturally important. [1]

(b) State two differences between alluvial soil and red soil. [2]

(c) (i) Name the soil formed due to leaching. [½]

(ii) Explain how the soil is formed. [1]

(iii) Mention a physical characteristic of this soil. [½]

(d) Why is dry farming preferred in areas with red soil? [1]

(e) Why do different regions in India have different kinds of soil? [1]

(f) State one characteristic feature of the forest found in the Nilgiri Hills. Name one
tree found in this forest. [1]

(g) Why do the trees in Monsoon Deciduous forests, shed their leaves for about 6–8
weeks during March and April? [1]

Question No 5

(a) Mention two factors that favour the development of well irrigation in Punjab. [2]

(b) Give two advantages and one disadvantage that tubewell has over surface wells.
[1 + 1]

(c) Give one geographical reason why: [3 × 1]

(i) The drip irrigation is the best method among all modern methods of irrigation.

(ii) Canal irrigation leads to the nearby ground becoming unproductive.

(iii) Traditional means of irrigation are still important in India.

(d) Mention one climate-based and one agriculture-based reason to explain why
irrigation is needed. [1]

(e) State one characteristic feature of the tidal vegetation which helps it to survive in
soft and shifting mud. Name one tree found in this region. [2]
 (5)

Question No 6

(a) (i) Why is the location of coalfields an important factor in industrial

development? [1]

(ii) Mention two by-products of coal. [1]

(iii) Name the coal used for industrial purposes. Why is this type of coal preferred
in industries? [½ + ½]

(b) (i) Why is petroleum often referred to as ‘liquid gold’? [1]

(ii) Name two off-shore oilfields in India. [1]

(c) (i) Which type of iron ore has the highest iron content? [1]

(ii) What are the inferior iron-ores used for? [1]

(iii) Name iron mining centres: one at Odisha and one at Jharkhand. [1]

(d) (i) Why is manganese an important mineral in the making of iron and steel? [1]

(ii) Mention the state which is the leading producer of manganese and also
name the district where it is mined. [1]

Question No 7

(a) State any two key elements of the Green Revolution. What changes did it bring
about in Indian agriculture? [1 + 1]

(b) State any two differences between intsensive and extensive commercial farming. [2]

(c) Give geographical reasons why: [5 × 1]

(i) Cultivation of wheat is confined to northern part of India.

(ii) Ratoon cropping is gaining popularity.

(iii) Cotton is a labour-intensive crop.

(iv) Oilcake is a useful residue.

(v) Coffee beans are roasted.

(d) Why is agriculture called the mainstay of the Indian economy? [1]
 (6)
Question No 8

(a) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the state which is the leading producer of the crop shown. [1]
(ii) Why are women employed in harvesting the crop? [1]
(iii) Mention the suitable climatic requirements for the cultivation of the crop. [1]
(iv) Explain the method of propagation of the crop. [1]
(v) Mention the first two processes involved after plucking the crop. [1]

(b) (i) Mention the suitable climatic requirements for growing cotton. [1]
(ii) State any two problems of growing the crop. [1]
(c) ‘Sulphur dioxide is a gaseous pollutant that causes damaging effects in the world.’
Justify the statement. [1]
(d) What is meant by spoilage of the landscape? How does it effect the environment?
[1+1]

Question No 9
(a) Give a reason for each of the following: [3 × 1]
(i) Trees must be planted in industrial areas.
(ii) Chemical fertilizers must be replaced by organic manures.
(iii) Plastic and polythene products must be banned.

(b) Why are south Indian rivers not ideal for inland water transport? [1]

(c) Mention one advantage of coastal shipping. [1]

(d) State two differences between an expressway and a highway. [2]

(e) Name the following: [3 × 1]

(i) a tidal port on the west coast of India
(ii) an important inland waterway in north-east India
(iii) a port located along a riverbank 128 km away from the coast
 GARDEN HIGH SCHOOL
CLASS X
Half-Yearly Examination, 2022–23
Geography

Time: 2 hours Full Marks: 80

This Question Paper has six printed pages.
Answers must be written in the script/s provided. You will not be allowed to write for the
first 15 minutes. This time must be spent in reading the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing answers.

This Paper is divided into two sections. Answer all the questions of Section A,
and any five of Section B.
All parts of a question must be answered together in the correct order.
Maximum marks for a question or part of a question are given in brackets [ ].
An outline map of India will be provided. It must be securely attached to your script.

SECTION A (30 marks)

Answer all the questions.

Question No 1 [15]

Study the extract of the topographical sheet no. G43S7 and answer the following questions:

(a) What is the RF of the map extract? Why is RF more widely accepted than any other
scales? [1]

(b) Name the type of rainfall experienced in the region shown in the map extract. Give two
evidences for your answer. [1½]

(c) Name the physical feature found in grid 4385, with spot height 542m. [½]

(d) (i) Name the physical feature found in the south-eastern part of the extract.
(ii) What is the height of the feature? [1]

(e) Why are there no human habitations in the region shown in the north-eastern corner of
the extract? Justify your answer with two reasons. [1]

(f) Assuming that you can see up to half a kilometre on either side of the roadways, describe
the journey from Antroli (4178) to Bantawada (4580) with reference to the following:
[2]
(i) name the roadways connecting the two villages
(ii) one natural feature
(iii) one man-made feature
(iv) the direction in which you are travelling
 (2)

(g) What do the following mean? [2]

(i) 13r in grid 4280
(ii) a black vertical line between eastings 43 and eastings 44

(h) What is the drainage pattern in grid 4579? [½]

(i) What is the settlement pattern of Chitrasani (4576)? Mention two facilities available at
Chitrasani but not enjoyed by other villages. [1½]

(j) On which bank of Banas River does the Balaram Nadi join? Justify your answer. [1]

(k) Why is well irrigation predominant in the south-western corner of the extract? [1]

(l) Calculate the area formed between eastings 40–46 and northings 76–84. [2]

Question No 2 [10 × 1]

On the outline map of India provided:

(a) Mark and name the Western Ghats and the Aravalli Range

(b) Mark and name Mount Godwin Austin

(c) Shade the Konkan Coast and Wular Lake

(d) Shade the Thar Desert and the Gulf of Khambhat

(e) Mark and name River Krishna and River Yamuna

(f) Mark and label the Indian Standard Meridian and Bengaluru

(g) Mark and name the winds that bring rain to Mawsynram

(h) Mark and name an offshore oil field and the Karakoram pass

(i) Shade and label the Chota Nagpur Plateau

(j) Shade and name an area in the north that:

(i) is densely-populated
(ii) has red soil

Question No 3 [5 × 1]

Choose the correct options:

(a) From March onwards temperature rises in the mainland of India from the south due to
(i) the southward migration of the sun from the equator.
(ii) the northward migration of the sun from the equator.
(iii) the shift in the pressure belts.
(iv) the land breeze which blows towards the sea
 (3)

(b) In which of the following regions, people build ‘guls’ and ‘kuls’ for irrigation?

(i) Northern Plains (iii) Coastal areas

(ii) Western Himalayas (iv) Deccan Plateau

(c) Methods of conserving and regulating the surface water flow, for management of
vegetation and soil conservation, by various government bodies is called

(i) irrigation (iii) rainwater harvesting

(ii) watershed Management (iv) plugging of gullies

(d) Water resistant trees are usually found in

(i) tropical evergreen forests (iii) desert vegetation

(ii) littoral forests (iv) monsoon forests

(e) Which of the following is NOT an objective of the National Forest Policy of 1988?

(i) Protection, conservation and development of forests.

(ii) Preventing setting up of industries in rural areas.

(iii) Steps taken to maintain biodiversity.

(iv) Encourage people to participate in protecting trees.

SECTION B (50 marks)

(Attempt any five questions from this Part.)

Question No 4

(a) Study the climatic data of station X given below and answer the questions that follow:

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temp °C 23.8 25 27.7 28.3 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.3 30.0 30.3 25.5 24.2

RF cm 0 0 1.1 1.5 2.1 45.3 46.5 45.4 43.3 20.1 3.0 0.1

(i) What is the total rainfall during the monsoon season? [½]

(ii) Why does the station experience heavy rain in these months? [1]

(iii) Suggest a name for the station X. Give two reasons to justify your anwer. [½ + 1]
 (4)

(b) Give reasons why: [5 × 1]

(i) The annual rainfall in western Rajasthan is less than 25 cm.
(ii) Tamil Nadu has more rainy months than Kerala yet Kerala receives more rainfall
than Tamil Nadu.
(iii) Retreat of the monsoon is slower than its arrival.
(iv) Mawsynram receives rainfall of 1250 cm, Delhi receives 25-50 cm and Shillong
receives 250 cm.
(v) The summer monsoon winds blow over the Arabian Sea from the southwest.
(c) What is the source of rain in the north-western part of India during the months of December
and January? What benefit does the rain bring to this part? [1]
(d) Give two important characteristics of the summer monsoon rainfall in India. [1]

Question No 5

(a) State two differences between the alluvial soils found in the lower course and the upper
course of a river. [2]

(b) With reference to black soil answer the following questions:

(i) How is black soil formed? [1]
(ii) Give two characteristics of black soil which makes it agriculturally important. [2]
(iii) Name a state where this soil is found and a cash crop grown in that state. [1]

(c) How is laterite soil formed? [1]

(d) Name two important agents of erosion. For each, state one method of controlling the
erosion caused. [1 + 1]

(e) How can deepening of the river bed help in preventing soil erosion? [1]

Question No 6

(a) Name the type of forests found in the western part of the Western Ghats. Give two reasons
why these forests are so named. [1 + 1]

(b) With reference to littoral forests answer the following questions:

(i) Mention two conditions that favour the growth of littoral forests. [1]
(ii) Name one area in India where these forests are found. [1]
(iii) Why do trees in these forests have aerial roots? [1]
(iv) Why is it very difficult to move through tidal forests? [1]
 (5)

(c) To which type of forests do the following trees belong? [1]

(i) hintal (ii) deodar

(d) (i) Name a state in India where thorn and scrub forest is found. [1]

(ii) Give two ways in which the trees found in this state have adapted to the climate. [1]

(e) Why is the forest cover in India shrinking? State any one method to conserve the forest.
[1]

Question No 7
(a) Give two reasons to justify the need to conserve water. [1]

(b) Mention two advantages of rainwater harvesting. [1]

(c) Give one geographical reason for each: [3]

(i) Irrigation is necessary despite the monsoons.

(ii) Sprinkler irrigation is practised in arid and semi-arid regions.

(iii) Canal irrigation leads to the ground around it becoming unproductive.

(d) (i) Name two states in which well irrigation is widely used. [1]

(ii) Mention two reasons why well irrigation is commonly found in these states. [1]

(iii) Give two reasons why well irrigation is still a popular means of irrigation. [1]

(e) Give one advantage and one disadvantage that tube wells have over surface wells. [1]

(f) State two reasons why tank irrigation is popular in South India. [1]

Question No 8

(a) Give two reasons why there is a need for waste management. [2]

(b) Why is composting considered a safe method of waste disposal? [2]

(c) Give reasons why: [2]

(i) We should avoid using plastics.

(ii) Chemical fertilizers must be replaced by organic manure.

(d) Mention two ways to reduce waste generation at home. [2]

(e) Define: [2]

(i) Recycling (ii) Segregation
 (6)

Question No 9

(a) Study the climatic data of station A given below and answer the questions that follow:

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature
24.5 25.7 27.7 28.4 30.0 32.5 31.0 30.2 29.8 28.0 25.9 24.7
°C
Rainfall
4.3 1.6 1.7 2.4 2.8 4.6 8.6 11.4 11.8 30.6 35.0 13.9
cms

(i) On which coast of India does the station lie? Suggest a name for this station. [1 + 1]
(ii) Name the season during which rainfall is the heaviest. [1]
(iii) Explain the occurrence of rainfall in that area. [2]

(b) What do you mean by October heat? [1]

(c) Give reasons why: [2]

(i) Inundation canals are being converted to perennial canals.
(ii) A tube well should be installed in a fertile and productive land.

(d) Why is there a scarcity of surface water in our country? [2]

 GARDEN HIGH SCHOOL
CLASS X

Half-Yearly Examination, 2023–24

Geography

Time: 2 Hours Full Marks: 80

This Question Paper has six printed pages.

Answers must be written in the script/s provided. You will not be allowed to write for the
first 15 minutes. This time must be spent in reading the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing answers.
This Paper is divided into two sections.
Answer all the questions of Section A, and any five of Section B.
All parts of a question must be answered together in the correct order.
Maximum marks for a question or part of a question are given in brackets [ ].
An outline map of India will be provided. It must be securely attached to your script.

SECTION A (30 marks)

Answer all the questions.

Question No 1 [10]
Study the extract of the topographical sheet no. G43S10 and answer the following questions:

(a) What is the RF of the map extract? Why is RF more widely accepted than any other
scales? [1]
(b) What are the physical features formed in grids 6032 and 6132? [1]
(c) What are the drainage patterns in grids 5738 and 6230? [1]
(d) Describe the journey from Nimbora (5632) to Marol (5230), assuming that you can see
up to half a kilometre on either side of the road and answer the following questions:
(i) What is the direction in which you are travelling? [½]
(ii) Name one natural feature and one man-made feature. [1]
(e) (i) What is the settlement pattern at Revdar (5235)? [½]
(ii) Mention two facilities enjoyed by the people at Revdar. [1]
(iii) Mention two types of roadways connecting Revdar to other places. [1]
(f) Why is the wall constructed at grid 5435? [½]
(g) Mention any one occupation of the people of Serua (5735) other than agriculture. [½]
(h) What is the area between eastings 52 to 58 and northings 25 to 30? [1]
(i) What is the occupation practised in the uncultivable area in grid 5329? [½]
(j) What is 3r in grid 5123? [½]
 (2)

Question No 2 [10 × 1]
On the outline map of India provided:

(a) Mark and name Satpura and Nilgiris.

(b) Shade Konkan Coast and a densely-populated region in the south.

(c) Mark and name Karakoram Pass and Palk Strait.

(d) Mark and name Mount Kanchenjunga and Chandigarh.

(e) Shade the Thar Desert and an area having laterite soil in the north-east.

(f) Mark and name River Ghaghara and River Satluj.

(g) Mark and name a coal mine and an onshore oilfield.

(h) Shade Wular Lake and Gulf of Khambhat.

(i) Mark and name the Indian Standard meridian.

(j) Mark and name the north-east monsoon winds.

Question No 3
Choose the correct options: [10 × 1]

(a) Which of the following lists the CORRECT steps taken to process Black Tea?
(i) Rolling + Fermentation + Blending

(ii) Withering + Fermentation + Drying

(iii) Withering + Rolling + Fermentation

(iv) Withering + Rolling + Drying

(b) What is the major source of fresh water in India?

(i) Rainfall (iii) Groundwater
(ii) Atmospheric water (iv) Ocean water

(c) Which is the underground water storage mechanism used in Rajasthan to harvest
rainwater?
(i) Kunds (ii) Kuhl (iii) Kere (iv) Korambu

(d) The work which is mostly done by a ragpicker is

(i) recycling. (ii) segregation. (iii) incineration. (iv) composting.

(e) In which of the following states of India is rice considered a commercial crop?
(i) West Bengal (ii) Orissa (iii) Bihar (iv) Punjab
 (3)

(f) Which one of the following is not a cropping season?

(i) Winter (ii) Kharif (iii) Rabi (iv) Zayad

(g) Arrange the following Indian states on the basis of the onset of the monsoons.
1. Kerala 2. West Bengal 3. Uttar Pradesh 4. Rajasthan

(i) 3–2–1–4 (ii) 2–3–1–4 (iii) 3–1–2–4 (iv) 1–2–3–4

(h) Which local winds are good for growing tea and coffee in Kerala?
(i) Loo (iii) Mango Showers
(ii) Norwesters (iv) Cherry Blossoms

(i) Name the watershed development project which is sponsored by the central government
and executed by the Gram Panchayats with the help of the local people.
(i) Haryali (ii) Palar Pani (iii) Neeru-Meeru (iv) Badal Pani

(j) What will be the actual ground distance of a metalled road which is 18.6 cm on a
topographical map?
(i) 9.2 sq km (ii) 9.3 km (iii) 9.3 cm (iv) 9.3 sq km

SECTION B (50 marks)

Attempt any five questions.

Question No 4
(a) Study the climatic data of Station A below and answer the questions that follow:

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature °C 12.0 25.5 26.3 27.1 30.0 36.2 36.0 35.9 30.3 28.4 21.0 16.6

Rainfall cms 1.5 0.1 0.0 1.4 1.1 21.0 25.3 27.2 24.0 9.4 1.5 0.4

(i) What is the annual rainfall at Station A? [½]

(ii) Suggest a name of the station. Justify your answer. [1]

(iii) Why does the station receive heavy rain from June to September? [1]

(b) Ms. S stays in Kerala and went to spend her vacation in Kashmir. She found out that
there was a vast climatic difference between Kashmir and her hometown.

(i) What is the type of climate prevailing in India? [½]

(ii) Explain the climatic factors which cause this climatic difference between the two
states. [2]
 (4)

(c) Give reasons why:

(i) The northern zone of India does not experience the mid-day sun during any part of
the year, while the southern zone experiences the mid-day sun almost vertically
overhead at least twice every year. [1]
(ii) Retreat of the monsoon is slower than its arrival. [1]

(d) A family shifted from Meghalaya to Tamil Nadu at a time when there was heavy rainfall.
When they reached Tamil Nadu, they found it was completely dry.
(i) Mention the months of the season when the family left Meghalaya. [1]
(ii) Explain why at the same time there was heavy rain in Meghalaya and a dry weather
at Tamil Nadu. [1]
(iii) When does it rain in Tamil Nadu and why? [1]

Question No 5
(a) Mr A was travelling from Gujarat to Orissa, via Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh. He came
across various kinds of soil as he travelled through these states. On his journey he
observed that in a particular area cash crops were grown extensively.

(i) Mention two factors responsible for the formation of various kinds of soil. [1]
(ii) In which state did he see the cash crops growing? [½]
(iii) Name the type of soil in which the cash crops are grown. [½]
(iv) How is this soil formed? [1]
(v) Give two reasons why the soil is beneficial for agriculture. [2]
(vi) Name any one cash crop growing in that state. [½]

(b) Give reasons why:

(i) Foothills of the Himalayas are prone to excessive soil erosion. [1]
(ii) Soil erosion has made Chambal valley unproductive. [1]

(c) (i) How is red soil formed? [1]

(ii) Why is red soil not suitable for agriculture? How can it be made productive for
agriculture? [1 + ½]

Question No 6
(a) (i) Mention two reasons to explain why tropical evergreen forests are not commercially
important. [2]
(ii) Name an area where these forests are found. Mention one reason for the growth of
the forests in this area. [½ + 1]
(iii) Name any one tree grown here. [½]
 (5)

(b) Guwahati: ‘Deforestation has led to a release of 20 KT greenhouse gases/year.’

[ The Times of India ]
(i) Why do you think deforestation takes place in Guwahati, Assam?
(ii) Give two reasons why deforestation is considered to be one of the contributing
factors of global climate change. [2]

(c) Mention one climate-based and one agriculture-based reason to explain why irrigation is
needed in India. [2]
(d) Why should a tube well be installed in a fertile and productive land? [1]
(e) Mention any one productive function of forests. [1]

Question No 7
(a) (i) Name an area where tidal forests are found. [1]
(ii) Mention two ways in which trees have adapted themselves to the environment. [2]

(b) Name two initiatives taken by the Government of India to encourage forestry. [1]

(c) (i) Which is the most popular means of irrigation in India? [½]
(ii) Name a state where this means of irrigation is practised. [½]
(iii) Give two reasons why farmers in India still use this means of irrigation. [1]
(iv) Mention two conditions which favour its construction. [1]

(d) Give two reasons why tank irrigation is practised in Maharashtra. [1]

(e) Give two reasons why inundation canals are being converted into perennial canals.
Name one such canal in Rajasthan. [1 + 1]

Question No 8
(a) ‘Rainwater harvesting is the only way to check receding groundwater level’.
[ The Indian Express ]
(i) What is meant by rainwater harvesting? Mention any one method of recharging
groundwater. [1 + 1]
(ii) Why is groundwater reserves depleting at a fast rate? [1]

(b) Why is drip irrigation popular among all modern methods of irrigation? [1]

(c) State any two elements of the Green Revolution. What changes did it bring about in
Indian agriculture? [1 + 1]

(d) Give two characteristics of plantation agriculture. [1]

(e) How does the cultivation of pulses help in restoring the fertility of soil? [1]

(f) Explain the four steps involved in the propagation of paddy by transplantation. [2]
 (6)

Question No 9
(a) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the crop shown in the picture. [½]

(ii) Why are women employed in harvesting the crop? [1]
(iii) Mention the suitable temperature requirements for the cultivation of the crop. [1]
(iv) Explain how the crop is propagated? [2]

(b) What is ratooning? Mention any one problem of the cultivators. [2]

(c) With reference to jute cultivation in West Bengal answer the following questions:
(i) Give two reasons why jute cultivation is common. [1]
(ii) Describe briefly how jute is processed. [2]

(d) How has illiteracy of the farmers caused a serious problem to Indian agriculture? [½]

Question No 10
(a) What is biomagnification? How does it affect human life? [2]

(b) (i) What is acid rain? [1]

(ii) Mention any two of its effects. [1]

(c) Mention one initiative taken by the Government of India to manage waste. [½]

(d) Why is radioactive waste harmful? Mention any two effects of radioactive waste on
human health. [1 + 1]

(e) (i) What is a sanitary landfill? [½]

(ii) Why should a sanitary landfill not be near human settlements? [1]

(f) Mention two ways of reducing waste generation at home. [1]

(g) Why is there a need for waste management in large metro cities? [1]
 GARDEN HIGH SCHOOL
CLASS X

Half-Yearly Examination, 2024–25

Geography

Time: 2 Hours Full Marks: 80

This Question Paper has eight printed pages.

Answers must be written in the script/s provided.
You will not be allowed to write for the first 15 minutes. This time must be spent in reading
the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing answers.

This Paper is divided into two sections.

Answer all the questions of Section A, and any five of Section B.
All parts of a question must be answered together in the correct order.
Maximum marks for a question or part of a question are given in brackets [ ].
An outline map of India will be provided. It must be securely attached to your script.

SECTION A (30 marks)

Answer all the questions.

Question No. 1
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. G43S10 and answer the following
questions:

(a) What do you mean by contour interval? What is the contour interval in the given
extract? [½ + ½]

(b) (i) Name one physical feature in grid 7542. [½]

(ii) Identify the drainage pattern in grid 7439. [½]

(c) What does ‘fireline’ in grid 7339 mean? [½]

(d) What is [½ + ½]
(i) 8r in grid 6239?
(ii) 22r in grid 7246?

(e) On which bank of Sukli Nadi does Pamera lie? What is the social significance of
Pamera? [½ + ½]

(f) Which of the two settlements, Malgaon (6442) or Pamera, is more important? Give two
evidences to justify. [½ + 1]
 (2 )

(g) What is [½ + ½]
(i) sluice in grid 7144?
(ii) siphon in grid 6542?

(h) How does the settlement of Bamba [6836] differ from the settlement of Sigarli Khera [6939]?
[½]

(i) What is the significance of the wall in grid 6740? [½]

(j) Give the six-figure grid reference of 1426 in the south-eastern part of the extract. [½]

(k) Name the type of roads that connect the distance stone 233 (6637) to The Crags (7034).
[1]
(l) What does PF in the white patch in the NW part of the map indicate? [½]

Question No. 2
On the outline map of India provided: [10 × 1]

(a) Mark and label rivers Tungabhadra and Satluj

(b) Mark and label Karakoram Pass and Satpuras

(c) Shade and name a densely populated area of north India.

(d) Mark with an arrow and name the wind that brings rain to the Coromandel Coast in January.

(e) Shade and label the Konkan Coast and the Chota Nagpur Plateau.

(f) Print B in an area where black soil is found and mark and name the highest peak in India.

(g) Shade and label the Gulf of Kachchh and Lake Chilika.

(h) Mark and name the tea exporting port of north India and the IT capital of India.

(i) Mark and name an offshore oilfield and an iron ore mine of India.

(j) Mark and label the Tropic of Cancer.

Question No. 3
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10 × 1]

(a) The monsoons retreat because

(i) the monsoon winds exhaust all their moisture.
(ii) the Himalayas deflect the winds.
(iii) low pressure over the Northern Plains weakens due to the apparent southward
movement of the sun.
(iv) low pressure over the subcontinent intensifies thus winds are offshore.
 (3 )

(b) The region worst affected by gully erosion is:

(i) Foothills of the Himalayas (iii) Chota Nagpur Plateau
(ii) Badlands of Chambal (iv) Regur soil area of Maharashtra

(c) What is the rainwater storing mechanism in Ladakh called?

(i) Zing (ii) Kere (iii) Johad (iv) Baoli

(d) When are kharif crops harvested?

(i) February – May (iii) March – June
(ii) October – November (iv) December – February

(e) Which of the following may be used for recharging underground water?
(i) Planting shelter belts
(ii) Plugging gullies and ravines
(iii) Aqueducts and siphons
(iv) Percolation pits

(f) Read the two statements marked Assertion and Reason. Choose the correct option.
[4 × ½]
Assertion (A): Kerala gets rainfall from the summer monsoons much before Uttar
Pradesh.
Reason (R): Kerala lies on the windward side of the Western Ghats in the path of
the monsoon winds.
(i) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(ii) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not explain Assertion.
(iii) Assertion is true but Reason is False.
(iv) Assertion is false but Reason is true.

(g) Which is the method of treating the type of waste shown in the picture?

(i) Burning in an open area. (iii) Composting

(ii) Recycling (iv) Dumping
 (4 )

(h) On the basis of the example given below, choose the odd one out:
Rice : Transplantation
(i) Coffee : Roasting
(ii) Wheat : Green Revolution
(iii) Tea : Pruning
(iv) Cotton : Ginning

(i) The correct sequence of steps to process tea is:

(i) Withering – Rolling – Fermenting – Sifting
(ii) Withering – Rolling – Sifting – Fermenting
(iii) Withering – Fermenting – Rolling – Sifting
(iv) Withering – Fermenting – Sifting – Rolling

(j) Which of the following is not a by product of sugarcane?

(i) Khandsari (iii) Pressmud
(ii) Bagasse (iv) Molasses

SECTION B (50 marks)

Attempt any five questions.

Question No. 4
(a) Study the climatic data of the given station and answer the questions that follow:
Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp
12.7 15.1 22.1 31.8 37.2 39.1 37.3 33.9 28.0 26.7 16.1 13.6
(ºC)
Rainfall
2.1 2.3 1.0 0.9 1.5 5.6 18.3 18.9 15.3 0.6 0.3 1.8
(cm)

(i) Does the given station have a maritime or continental climate? Justify. [1]
(ii) Calculate the average annual temperature. [1]
(iii) Name a city in India that could represent the station. Justify your answer. [1]

(b) Give reasons why: [3]

(i) Chennai has less rainfall than Kochi although it has more rainy days.
(ii) Mumbai is cooler than Thiruvananthapuram even though both lie on the west coast
of India.
(iii) Central Maharashtra receives little rain.

(c) State two differences between the rainfall that occurs from June to September and that
which occurs from December to February in north India. [2]
 (5 )

(d) What is the name given to the climate of India? Mention any one factor responsible for
the climate of India. [1]
(e) Heavy rains pounded different parts of south coastal Andhra Pradesh throwing life out of
gear. Paddy seedlings in 2500 hectares were submerged in Nellore district.
[ Edited from: [Link], Published: November 26, 2020, 12:19 pm IST: Chennai ]

As a student of geography, briefly explain the reason for the heavy rains in November. [1]

Question No. 5
(a) These soils are formed strictly under monsoon conditions due to heavy rainfall, with
alternate wet and dry season.
(i) Identify the soil. [½]
(ii) Give two reasons why this soil is not suitable for agriculture. [1]
(iii) Name an area in India where it is found. [½]

(b) Give reasons why: [3]

(i) Alluvial soil varies in texture.
(ii) The foothills of the Himalayas have been affected by soil erosion.
(iii) Black soil does not get leached.

(c) Name two agents of soil erosion. For each, state one method of controlling the erosion
caused. [1 + 1]
(d) Give two differences between alluvial soil and red soil. [2]
(e) Give one chemical property of black soil. [1]

Question No. 6
(a) While travelling during his winter vacation, Mr R passed through a forested area where
almost all trees were leafless.

(i) Which type of natural vegetation did he come across? [½]

(ii) Name an area in India where this type of vegetation is found? Give two reasons
why it is found in the area mentioned by you. [½ + 1]

(b) State any two characteristics of littoral forests. Name two trees found in these forests.
[2 + 1]
(c) State the characteristcs of the forests found in the Nilgiri Hills. [1]
(d) Mention two ways in which forests help in protecting the environment. [2]
(e) Well irrigation is a popular means of irrigation.
(i) Name a state in India where well irrigation is popular. [½]
(ii) Give two reasons why it is popular in the state mentioned by you. [1]
(iii) State a disadvantage of this form of irrigation. [½]
 (6 )

Question No. 7
(a) Give reasons why: [3]
(i) Drip irrigation is the best method of irrigation in arid regions.
(ii) There is urgent need for conservation of water in India.
(iii) A tubewell should be installed in a fertile and productive region.

(b) Mention two reasons why tank irrigation is common in the Deccan Plateau. [1]

(c) Give two differences between inundation and perennial canals. [2]

(d) Study the picture given below and answer the question that follows:

Identify the activity and give any two of its objectives. [½ + 2]

(e) Mention any two adaptations of xerophytic vegetation. [1]

(f) Name a forest conservation method that involves the local community. [½]

Question No. 8
(a) Give two differences between intensive agriculture and extensive agriculture. [2]

(b) With reference to cultivation of rice:

(i) State the climatic conditions that favour its cultivation. [1]
(ii) State any two characteristics of the Japanese method of cultivation. [1]
(iii) Name a state important for the production of rice. [½]
(iv) Why does rice grow well in a soil with clay like subsoil? [½]

(c) Give reasons why: [2]

(i) Millets are known as coarse cereals.
(ii) Tea is cultivated on hill slopes.
 (7 )

(d) Give two reasons why peninsular India is becoming more important than northern India
for cultivation of sugarcane. [2]

(e) Name and explain the best method for propagation of tea. [1]

Question No. 9
(a) Why has fragmentation of land holdings become a problem for Indian agriculture? [1]

(b) Give reasons why: [3]

(i) Pulses are an important food crop.
(ii) Silver oak and banana trees are grown on coffee plantations.
(iii) Groundnuts are grown as rotational crops.

(c) Study the picture given below and answer the question that follows:

Identify the crop and the activity associated with it. [½ + ½]

(d) What do you mean by: [1 + 1]

(i) Biomagnification
(ii) Dumping

(e) Mention one way each, in which waste accumulation has an effect on: [1 + 1]
(i) Aquatic life
(ii) Landscape

(f) Give an example of how as a student, you can reuse waste that is generated at home. [1]

Question No. 10
(a) Give reasons why: [1 + 1]
(i) Chemical fertilizers must be replaced by organic manure.
(ii) Plastic and polythene products must be banned.

(b) Give two reasons why we need to manage waste. [2]

 (8 )

(c) Name the disease caused by mercury poisoning. [½]

(d) During the 1960’s there was a many-fold increase in the production of wheat in Punjab.
The high production of wheat crop, however, came with a downside.

(i) Give two reasons for the increased production of wheat. [1]
(ii) What was the downside or problem faced by the farmers? [½]

(e) State a difference between the climatic requirement for growing cotton and jute. [1]

(f) What is ratoon cropping? State any two of its advantages. [1 + 1]

(g) Study the picture given below and state two advantages of the method of waste
management shown. [1]
 GARDEN HIGH SCHOOL
CLASS X
Prelims, 2019– 20
Geography

Time: 2 hours Full Marks: 80

This Question Paper has eight printed pages.

Answers must be written in the script/s provided. You will not be allowed to write for the
first 15 minutes. This time must be spent in reading the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing answers.

This Paper is divided into two sections. Answer both the questions of Section A,
and any five of Section B.
All parts of a question must be answered together in the correct order.
Maximum marks for a question or parts of a question are given in brackets [ ].

SECTION A (30 marks)

Answer both the questions.

Question No 1

Study the extract from the topographical sheet No. 45D/7 and answer the following
questions: [20]

86
45 D/7
73

87 01

(a) Give the six-figure grid reference of ∆268. [1]

(b) What does 13r in grid 9678 stand for? [1]

(c) (i) What is the relief feature in grid 9785? [½]

(ii) What is the special feature formed along the river in this grid? [½]

(d) What is the drainage pattern in grids (i) 9684; (ii) 9482? [1]

(e) (i) What is the drainage pattern in grid square 9478? [½]

(ii) Give one reason for your answer. [½]

 (2)

(f) (i) Name the relief features situated in grid 9574. State their height. [1½]

(ii) What is the drainage pattern in this grid? [½]

(g) (i) On which bank of the Banas River is Karja (9781) situated? [½]

(ii) What is the settlement pattern of Karja? [½]

(iii) Name the roadways joining Karja to Pirojpura. [1]

(h) (i) What is the general direction of the Balaram Nadi? [½]

(ii) Why are perennial wells found along the banks of the Balaram Nadi? [1]

(i) (i) Name the largest settlement in the extract. What is its settlement pattern?
[½ + ½ ]

(ii) State two advantages of this settlement. [1]

(j) What does the broken black line in grid 9575 indicate? [½]

(k) If you were to cycle at 10 km an hour how much time, in hours and minutes, would
it take to cover the north-south distance depicted on the map? [2]

(l) Measure the length of the cart track, in km, from Antroli (952765) to Sangla
(925743). [2]

(m) Calculate the area, in [Link], enclosed by eastings 93 to 99, and northings
74 to 77. [2]

(n) What do ‘Dep’ in grid 9279 and the tree beside spot height 192 indicate? [1]

Question No 2

On the outline map of India provided: [10]

(a) Shade and label the Malabar Coast and shade and label a region of red soil below
the Tropic of Cancer.

(b) Mark and label the Garo Hills and the Eastern Ghats.

(c) Shade and label the Chota Nagpur Plateau and mark and label the Aravallis.

(d) Shade and label the Thar Desert and shade and name a sparsely populated state
in north-east India.

(e) Mark and label River Godavari and River Gomti.

(f) Shade and label the Gulf of Mannar and shade and label Lake Chilika.
 (3)

(g) Mark and label the Karakoram Pass.

(h) Draw and label the Indian Standard Meridian.

(i) Mark and name the winds that bring rain to West Bengal in summer.

(j) Print ‘I’ to indicate the iron fields in Singbhum and, locate and mark Visakhapatnam.

SECTION B (50 marks)

Answer any five questions.

Question No 3

(a) Give two differences between the south-west monsoon and the north-east
monsoon. [2]

(b) Give reasons why: [4 × 1]

(i) Even in summer Shimla is cooler than Delhi.

(ii) The Konkan Coast experiences orographic rainfall.

(iii) Bikaner receives no rainfall from the Arabian Sea Branch of the south-west
monsoon.

(iv) Patna receives heavier rainfall than Delhi.

(c) What do you mean by ‘break in the monsoons’? [½]

(d) What is kalbaisakhi? [½]

(e) Study the climatic data given below of a station and answer the questions that follow:

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temp°C 24.5 25.7 27.7 28.4 30.0 32.5 31.0 30.2 29.8 28.0 25.9 24.7

Rainfall (cm) 4.3 1.6 1.7 2.4 2.8 4.6 8.6 11.4 11.8 30.6 35.1 4.1

(i) Calculate the annual rainfall at the station. [½]

(ii) Calculate the annual range of temperature at the station. [½]

(iii) Suggest a name for the station, giving two reasons for your answer. [½ + 1]

(iv) Which winds bring most of the rainfall to this station? [½]
 (4)

Question No 4

(a) (i) How is alluvial soil formed? [1]

(ii) Give two characteristics of the soil which make it agriculturally rich. [1]

(iii) Differentiate between Khadar and Bhangar. [1]

(iv) Differentiate between inland alluvium and coastal alluvium. [1]

(b) (i) How is red soil formed? [1]

(ii) Mention two similarities between red soil and laterite soil. [2]

(c) Define: [1]

(i) Humus (ii) Desilication

(d) Give reasons why: [2]

(i) An increase in population increases soil erosion.

(ii) Contour ploughing is an ideal method of soil conservation in hilly regions.

Question No 5

(a) (i) Give one productive and one protective function of forests. [1]

(ii) Name one programme launched by the Government to make people aware
of the importance of planting trees. [1]

(b) (i) Name an area in India where tropical deciduous forests are found. [1]

(ii) Why is this forest found in this area? [1]

(iii) Is this forest of great commercial value to India? Justify your answer. [1]

(c) How do forests regulate the climate? [1]

(d) Give reasons why: [4]

(i) Acacia has long roots.

(ii) The littoral forests have aerial roots.

(iii) The nature of mountain forests change with altitude.

(iv) Wide corridors of 5m between the forests are helpful for the animals.
 (5)

Question No 6

(a) (i) Distinguish between surface water and groundwater. [1]

(ii) Why is the latter important to the farmers? [½]

(iii) How can groundwater resource be recharged? [½]

(b) Mention two reasons why we are facing a shortage of water in recent times. [1]

(c) (i) Name an overhead irrigation method. [½]

(ii) Why is this method of irrigation not widely used? [½]

(d) Give two reasons for each of the following: [4]

(i) Rainwater harvesting is necessary.

(ii) Inundation canals are not very useful.

(iii) Tube well irrigation is popular in the Indo-Gangetic Plains.

(iv) Drip irrigation is becoming popular in recent times.

(e) Which type of irrigation is most popular in Andhra Pradesh? State one advantage
and one disadvantage of this type of irrigation. [2]

Question No 7

(a) (i) Why is coal called black gold? [1]

(ii) Name the oldest coalfield and the largest coalfield in India. [1]

(iii) Mention two shortcomings of the coal found in India. [1]

(b) Mention one advantage that HEP has over thermal power. [½]

(c) (i) Why is the Sunderban region an ideal location to harness tidal energy? [½]

(ii) What is geothermal energy? Give one disadvantage of this energy. [1]

(d) (i) Where is natural gas found? Mention one advantage of natural gas. [1]

(ii) Name any one gas present in natural gas. [½]

(e) (i) Name one area in Madhya Pradesh where bauxite is mined. [½]

(ii) Why is bauxite considered an important mineral? [½]

 (6)

(f) With reference to Hirakud Project answer the following questions:

(i) On which river is it located? [½]

(ii) Name two dams other than Hirakud that are associated with it. [1]

(iii) Name one hydel power station associated with it. [½]

(iv) Name one iron and steel industry which is benefitted from this project. [½]

Question No 8

(a) Give two reasons why Indian economy is called an ‘agrarian economy’. [1]

(b) Why is the average yield of crops in India much lower than other countries? [1]

(c) Mention two factors that have led to the tremendous increase in the production of
wheat in Punjab. [1]

(d) Why is soyabean cultivation becoming important in India today? [½]

(e) Why are large variety of pulses cultivated in India? [½]

(f) (i) Mention the climatic conditions that favour the cultivation of coffee. [1]

(ii) Give two reasons why trees are planted between the saplings of coffee
plants. [1]

(g) Study the picture given and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Mention the climatic conditions that is suitable for the cultivation of this crop. [1]

(ii) Mention and explain the process which is being carried out in this picture. [2]

(iii) State any one problem faced by the cultivators. [½]

(h) Give one use of bagasse. [½]

 (7)

Question No 9

(a) With the help of two reasons explain the need for rapid industrialization in India. [1]

(b) (i) Name one integrated iron and steel plant in the private sector. [½]

(ii) From where does it get its supply of:

(A) iron ore (B) manganese (C) coal [½ + ½ + ½]

(c) (i) Name one iron and steel plant in the public sector, set up with Russian
collaboration. [½]

(ii) Name the centres from where it gets its supply of:

(A) coal (B) iron ore [1]

(d) Why is electronic industry gaining importance? [½]

(e) Mention two reasons why petrochemicals products are replacing traditional raw
materials. [1]

(f) Why is silk industry considered a small scale industry? [1]

(g) (i) Give two reasons why Mumbai is an important cotton textile centre. [1]

(ii) Mention two problems faced by the cotton textile industry of India. [1]

(h) State two problems faced by the sugar industry in the northern region of India. [1]

Question No 10

(a) Mention two reasons to explain the need for an efficient transport system. [1]

(b) State two problems affecting rail transport in India. [1]

(c) Give reasons why: [4]

(i) People use air transport inspite of its high cost.

(ii) North-eastern region does not have an efficient system of transportation.

(iii) Inland water transport has not developed in the peninsular region.

(iv) Maximum roads are found in the northern plains.

(d) (i) Why are National Highways important? [½]

(ii) What is NH1 also known as? Name its terminal cities. [½ + 1]
 (8)

(e) Name the following: [2]

(i) The port constructed to reduce the congestion of Kolkata port

(ii) The port constructed off the Mumbai port

(iii) A natural port located on a lagoon

(iv) A port handling the export of iron ore

Question No 11

(a) What is the effect of indiscriminate dumping of waste? [1]

(b) Give one reason why: [2]

(i) Vultures are reducing in number.

(ii) CFC is a pollutant.

(iii) Efficient management of waste is an urgent necessity.

(iv) Radioactive wastes are hazardous.

(c) (i) Name two diseases caused due to water contaminated by animal excreta. [1]

(ii) Mention one natural and one man-made source of sulphur dioxide. [1]

(d) Mention one way in which pollution of groundwater can be reduced. [½]

(e) Mention two ways in which waste is hazardous for aquatic animals. [1]

(f) What is recycling? State two advantages of recycling. [½ + 1]

(g) Mention two harmful consequences of waste on terrestrial life. [1]

(h) What initiative can you take as a student to reduce waste? [1]
 PRELIMS, 2020–21

CLASS: X SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY

PAPER NAME:
FULL MARKS: 80
10-GEOGRAPHY-PRELIMS

PRELIMS STARTS: PRELIMS ENDS:

11 JANUARY 2021, 09:00 AM 11 JANUARY 2021, 12:00 NOON

Section-specific Email ids for sending answers of this PRELIMS:

10A gardenhigh10a@[Link]
10B gardenhigh10b@[Link]
10C gardenhigh10c@[Link]
10D gardenhigh10d@[Link]
10E gardenhigh10e@[Link]

INSTRUCTIONS
1. The first page is the Instruction page. The set of questions starts from page 2.

2. The total duration of the Prelims includes 15 minutes reading time and 45 minutes
emailing time.

3. Write your Full Name, Class, Section, Student Id, Paper Name, Date and Page
Number on the top of each page of your answer script.

4. Name the answer file following the naming convention: <Class-Sec>-<Student Name>-
<Subject>-<Date>.pdf

5. The single pdf file should be emailed to the email id corresponding to your Class-
Section. The Email must have: <Class-Sec>-<Student Name>-<Subject>-<Date> in
the Subject Line.

The set of questions start from the next page…

Page 1 of 8
 CLASS X
Prelims, 2020–21
Geography
Time: 2 hours Full Marks: 80
This Question Paper has seven pages.
You should not write for the first 15 minutes. This time must be spent in reading
the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing answers.
This Paper is divided into two sections.
Answer both the questions of Section A, and any five of Section B.
All parts of a question must be answered together in the correct order.
Maximum marks for a question or parts of a question are given in brackets [ ].

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer both the questions.
Question No. 1
Study the extract from the topographical sheet 45D/7 and answer the following questions:

Page 2 of 8
 Conventional Symbols

(a) What kind of rainfall does the area shown in the extract receive? Give any two
evidence from grid 8088 to support your answer. [2]
(b) What is the direction of flow of the Sipu River? Justify your answer. [2]
(c) How does the drainage pattern in grid 8186 differ from that in grid 8586? [1]
(d) Mention two differences between Sarod Nala and Arado Nadi. [2]
(e) Mention two advantages that Dantiwada (south of River Banas) has over other
settlements in that area. [1]
(f) What do the following mean? [3 × 1]
(i) 32r in grid 8075
(ii) 6r in grid 8478
(iii) ‘Dep’ in grid 8375
(g) What is the drainage pattern in grid 8679? Give reason for your answer. [1]
(h) Mention two land uses shown in this extract. [1]
(i) On which bank of Sipu river does Mahadeviyo Nala join? Justify your answer. [1]
(j) What is the settlement pattern of Bhakar in grid 8076 and Atal in grid 8189? [1]
(k) Give two occupations of the people living in Atal. [1]
(l) What is the highest point in the map? Name the physical feature found here. [1]
(m) Mention any two roadways shown in the map extract. [1]
(n) Assuming that you can see up to half a kilometre on either side of the cart tract,
during the journey from Dantiwada (8480) to Nandotra (8281) mention:
(i) the direction in which you are travelling. [1]
(ii) one natural and one man-made feature seen on the way. [1]

Page 3 of 8
Question No. 2
On the outline map of India provided: [10 × 1]
(a) Mark and label the Aravalli Range and the River Ghaghara.
(b) Mark and label Godwin Austen (K2) and the Karakoram Pass.
(c) Shade and label the Chota Nagpur Plateau and the Thar Desert.
(d) Shade and label the Malabar Coast and Lake Chilika.
(e) Shade and label the Gulf of Kachchh and an area where alluvial soil is found in
the north- east of India.
(f) Mark and label the Standard Meridian of India.
(g) Mark with an arrow and name the winds that bring rain to the Coromandel Coast
of India.
(h) Print Δ and name the offshore oil field in India and print C and name a coalfield
near the Chota Nagpur area.
(i) Mark and name River Godavari and Delhi.
(j) Shade and label a sparsely populated state in the north-east of India.

SECTION B (50 Marks)

Answer any five questions.

Question No. 3
(a) Study the climatic data given below of two stations and answer the questions
that follow:

Stn Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

TempoC 12.7 15.1 22.1 31.8 37.2 39.1 37.3 33.4 28.2 26 16.1 13.1
A
Rf cm 16.3 10.3 0.3 0.1 1.3 3.8 7.2 7.8 8.2 8 20.1 19.4

Stn Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

TempoC 24.4 25 27.7 28.3 30.2 30.3 30.4 33.3 30 30.3 25.5 24
B
Rf cm – – 1.1 1.5 2.1 45.3 46.5 45.4 43.3 20.1 3.0 0.1

Suggest a name of a city for each of the two stations A and B. Justify your
answer by giving two reasons for your suggestions. [3]
(b) Calculate the annual rainfall in Station B. [1]
(c) Explain why India experiences a tropical monsoon climate. [1]

Page 4 of 8
(d) Give reasons why: [5 × 1]
(i) Mawsynram receives heavy rainfall of 1250 cm, Shillong receives 250 cm
and western Rajasthan receives 25–50 cm.
(ii) Kerala is the first state to receive the monsoon and last to see its retreat.
(iii) It is not cold in Mangalore in winter.
(iv) A football match supposed to be held at Chennai between 24–28 October
was abandoned due to bad weather.
(v) Chennai has less rain but has more rainy days whereas Kochi has more rain
but less rainy days.

Question No. 4
(a) State two differences between the alluvial soil of the northern plains and the
alluvial soil of the coastal plains. [2]
(b) Differentiate between alluvial soil and red soil. [1]
(c) Give a geographical reason for each: [3 × 1]
(i) Different regions in India have different kinds of soil.
(ii) Black soil does not get leached.
(iii) There is a need for soil conservation.
(d) With reference to laterite soil in India answer the following questions: [3 × 1]
(i) How is the soil formed?
(ii) Name an area where the soil is found.
(iii) Why is the soil not suitable for cultivation?
(e) How can wind erosion and sheet erosion be controlled? [1]

Question No. 5
(a) Name the forests found in the western slopes of the Western Ghats. Why are
they so named? [2]
(b) Mention two reasons why monsoon deciduous forests are commercially more
valuable than other types of forests. [2]
(c) Give two reasons for the rapid depletion of forest resources in India. [1]
(d) With reference to littoral forests, answer the following questions: [2 × 1]
(i) Why do the trees in this forest have aerial roots?
(ii) Name an area where this forest is found.

Page 5 of 8
(e) With reference to tropical desert forests, answer the following questions: [3 × 1]
(i) Name a state in India where the tropical desert forests are found.
(ii) Why do the forests grow in the state?
(iii) How have the trees adapted themselves to the environment?

Question No. 6
(a) Give two reasons to explain why development of agriculture is difficult without
irrigation. [2]
(b) Mention two advantages that surface wells have over inundation canals. [2]
(c) Give one geographical reason for each of the following: [4 × 1]
(i) The drip method of irrigation is the best among all modern methods of
irrigation.
(ii) Canal irrigation makes the area around it unproductive.
(iii) A tube well should be installed in a fertile and productive region.
(iv) Well irrigation is still a popular means of irrigation in India.
(d) Give a reason for the significance of irrigation in: (i) Punjab (ii) Rajasthan [2]

Question No. 7
(a) Give reasons why: [3 × 1]
(i) Minerals are an important resource.
(ii) Location of coalfields is an important factor in industrial development.
(iii) Biogas is considered an ideal domestic fuel.
(b) Why is the location of India an advantage for the generation of solar power? [1]
(c) State two main drawbacks of the coal found in India. [1]
(d) (i) State two advantages of petroleum. [1]
(ii) Name two crude oil producing belts in India. [1]
(e) (i) Give any one important use of iron ore. [1]
(ii) Name an iron ore mine of Karnataka. [1]
(f) How do windmills generate electricity? [1]

Question No. 8
(a) Give two reasons why the yield of Indian agriculture is low as compared to world
standards. [1]
(b) What is the advantage of growing rice in nurseries before it is transplanted? [1]

Page 6 of 8
(c) Mention two important aspects of the Japanese method of rice cultivation. [1]
(d) Explain the method of propagation of sugarcane by ratooning. Give one
advantage and one disadvantage of ratoon cropping. [2]
(e) Mention two climatic factors which affect the cultivation of cotton adversely. [1]
(f) Study the picture given below and answer the following questions:

(i) Identify the crop. Mention the amount of rain and soil conditions required for
the cultivation of the crop. [2]
(ii) Why are mostly women employed to harvest the crop? [1]
(iii) Why is it a labour intensive crop? [1]

Question No. 9
(a) Why is there a need for rapid industrialization in India? [1]
(b) Differentiate between Basic and Consumer Industries. [1]
(c) ‘Uttar Pradesh has the largest number of sugar mills yet Maharashtra is the
largest producer of sugar.’ Give two reasons to explain the statement. [2]
(d) State any two problems of the sugar industry. [1]
(e) Mention two reasons why the cotton textile industry has developed in
Maharashtra. [2]
(f) Name the sources of iron ore and coal for the steel plants at Jamshedpur and
Rourkela. [2]
(g) Give two reasons why petrochemical industries are replacing traditional raw
materials. [1]

Page 7 of 8
Question No. 10
(a) What is the economic importance of transport in India? [1]
(b) State one advantage of coastal shipping. [1]
(c) Give two reasons for each of the following: [3 × 2]
(i) Water transport is not as popular as road transport.
(ii) Railways are an important means of transport as compared to airways.
(iii) Northern rivers are more suitable for navigation than the Deccan rivers.
(d) Name a helicopter service used in India. Name two areas where helicopter
service may be used. [2]

Question No. 11
(a) What is the need for waste management? [1]
(b) Mention one source of each of the greenhouse gases – methane and nitrogen
dioxide. [1]
(c) How has increased levels of carbon dioxide affected the environment? [1]
(d) Why is waste segregation important? [1]
(e) What can an individual do to reduce waste at home? [1]
(f) How has composting helped in managing waste? [1]
(g) Define biodegradable waste. [1]
(h) Give two reasons to explain why open dumping is not an environment friendly
method of waste disposal. [1]
(i) How do industries pollute water? How does polluted water affect human
beings? [1]
(j) Name a disease spread by: (i) mosquitoes (ii) houseflies. [1]

Page 8 of 8
 GARDEN HIGH SCHOOL
CLASS X
Prelims, 2022–23
Geography

Time: 2 hours Full Marks: 80

This Question Paper has seven printed pages.

Answers must be written in the script/s provided. You will not be allowed to write for the first
15 minutes. This time must be spent in reading the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing answers.

This Paper is divided into two sections.

Answer all the questions of Section A and any five of Section B.
All parts of a question must be answered together in the correct order.
Maximum marks for a question or parts of a question are given in brackets [ ].

SECTION A (30 marks)

Answer all the questions

Question No 1 [10]
Study the extract of the topographical sheet no. G43S10 and answer the following questions:
(a) Name the physical features formed at Hara Magra 5738 and at 6032. [1]
(b) What type of irrigation is practised in grid 5831? [½]
(c) (i) What is the settlement pattern at Revdar? [½]
(ii) Mention two facilities available at Revdar. [1]
(d) Give two occupations, other than agriculture, practised by the people at Serua 5735. [1]
(e) What are the types of boundaries seen in the given extract? [1]
(f) Give two evidences of seasonal rainfall in the grid 5130. [1]
(g) Calculate the area from eastings 56–62 to northings 24–28. [2]
(h) What does 3r in grid 5123 indicate? [1]
(i) What are the drainage patterns in grids 5631 and 5528? [1]

Question No 2 [10 × 1 = 10]

On the outline map of India provided:
(a) Mark and name the Karakoram and the Eastern Ghats.
(b) Mark and name Mt. Kanchenjunga and Nathu La pass.
 (2)

(c) Shade the Deccan Plateau and an area with alluvial soil in the north.
(d) Mark and name the River Satluj and River Kosi.
(e) Mark and name the Tropic of Cancer.
(f) Mark, with the help of one arrow, and name the winds which bring rain to Mumbai.
(g) Mark ‘C’ and name a coal-producing area and mark ‘I’ and name an iron-producing
area.
(h) Shade Malabar Coast and a sparsely-populated area in the east of India.
(i) Mark and label Prayagraj and Hyderabad.
(j) Mark and name Indian Standard Meridian and the Vindhyas.

Question No 3 [10 × 1 = 10]

Choose the correct options:
(a) The statement scale used in the survey of India map G43S7 is:
(i) 2 cm to 50m. (iii) 2 cm to 500m.
(ii) 1 cm to 1 km . (iv) 1 cm to 500m.

(b) In the month of March-April the low pressure shifts from:

(i) Deccan to North-East. (iii) Deccan to North-West.
(ii) the Tropic of Cancer to the Equator. (iv) East to West.

(c) A football match scheduled to be held at Chennai between 24-28 October was abandoned.
The most probable reason was due to:
(i) the temperate cyclones formed in the Bay of Bengal.
(ii) the sudden shift of the low pressure area from the land to Bay of Bengal causing
cyclonic rainfall.
(iii) the north-east monsoon striking the windward side of the Eastern Ghats.
(iv) the Bay of Bengal branch of south-west monsoons blowing parallel to the Coromandel
Coast.

(d) Black soil is rich in:

(i) lime, iron, magnesium, calcium, alumina and potash.
(ii) lime, iron, magnetite, calcareous, alumina and potash.
(iii) lime, iron, magnesium, calcium and humus.
(iv) lime and humus.

(e) The major source of fresh water in India is:

(i) rainfall. (iii) atmospheric water.
(ii) ground water. (iv) ocean water.
 (3)

(f) Match and pair:

(I) Dongs (A) Western Ghats
(II) Johad (B) Ladakh
(III) Zing (C) North East
(IV) Surangam (D) Rajasthan
(i) (I)-(D), (II)-(B), (III)-(A), (IV)-(C) (iii) (I)-(C), (II)-(D), (III)-(B), (IV)-(A)
(ii) (I)-(C), (II)-(D), (III)-(A), (IV)-(B) (iv) (I)-(D), (II)-(C), (III)-(B), (IV)-(A)

(g) Which is the first state in India that has made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory in
all the houses across the state?
(i) West Bengal (ii) Meghalaya (iii) Rajasthan (iv) Tamil Nadu

(h) The largest lignite deposit is in:

(i) Tamil Nadu. (iii) Rajasthan.
(ii) Kerala. (iv) Jammu and Kashmir.

(i) What plays a major role in the substantial production of rabi crops in Punjab?
(i) tropical cyclones (iii) western disturbances
(ii) south-west monsoons (iv) kalbaisakhi

(j) Landfills are commonly used to dispose of:

(i) toxic waste. (iii) gaseous waste.
(ii) liquid waste. (iv) solid waste.

SECTION B (50 marks)

Answer any five questions.

Question No 4
(a) Study the climatic data of stations A and B given below and answer the questions that
follow:

Stn Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
A ̊ 12.7 15.1 22.1 31.8 37.2 39.1 37.3 33.4
Temp C 28 26.7 16.1 13.6
RF cms 2.1 2.3 1.0 0.9 1.5 5.6 18.3 18.9 15.1 0.6 0.3 1.8
B ̊ 23.1 24.8 26.5 29.3 32 32.8 33.1 32.1 30.5 29.3 28.7 26.1
Temp C
RF cms 15.3 10.1 0.3 0.1 1.3 4.5 6.1 7.2 10.5 20.1 16.8 19.1

(i) Calculate the annual rainfall in station A. [1]

(ii) Name the winds that bring maximum rain to stations A and B. Give one reason for
your answer. [1 + 1]
(iii) Differentiate between the winds which you have mentioned. [1]
 (4)

(b) Give reasons why: [3 × 1 = 3]

(i) at a place like Bhopal one can see the midday sun exactly overhead twice a year,
while at Vidisha, only a few kilometres north of it, one is not able to do so even once.
(ii) the Chota Nagpur plateau receives a good amount of rainfall from the south-west
monsoon.
(iii) the Coromandel Coast has more rainy months but less rainfall than the Konkan Coast.
(c) What is the name given to the climate of India? Mention any one factor responsible for
such a climate. [1 + 1]
(d) What is burst of monsoon? [1]

Question No 5
(a) How is alluvial soil formed? Why is the soil agriculturally important? [1]
(b) (i) How is red soil formed? [5 × ½]
(ii) How can the soil become productive?
(iii) Name a state where red soil is found.
(iv) Why is red soil ideal for dry farming?
(v) Name a crop grown in this soil.
(c) Give two similarities between red soil and laterite soil. [2]
(d) Give one difference between Khadar and Bhangar soils. [1]
(e) Why does black soil need to be tilled after the first rains? [½]
(f) Give one word for each of the following: [2 × ½]
(i) The process of percolation in which valuable mineral nutrients are washed down
from the top layer of the soil only to deposit them in the lower layers, making the top
soil infertile.
(ii) The loose rock material, together with humus, forming the uppermost layer of the
earth’s crust and serving as a source of food and moisture for plants.
(g) (i) What is soil conservation? [½]
(ii) What is gully erosion? How can it be prevented? [½ + ½]
(iii) How does water harvesting help in soil conservation? [½]

Question No 6
(a) How are forests correlated with environment? [1]
(b) (i) Name the forests found in the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats. Name a tree
found in these forests. [1]
(ii) What are the conditions that favour the growth of such forests in the region? [1]
(iii) Mention any two characteristics of these forests. [1]
 (5)

(c) What is social forestry? [1]

(d) How does mountain vegetation change with varying altitude? [2]
(e) Mention one characteristic of the mangrove forest. Name one type of tree commonly
found in this forest. [1]
(f) Give reasons why: [2 × ½]
(i) Rhizophora have breathing roots called pneumatophores.
(ii) Very little vegetation is found on the Indo-Gangetic plain.
(g) (i) State one objective of forest conservation. [½]
(ii) Name any one program where the community has participated to conserve forests.
[½]

Question No 7
(a) What is rainwater harvesting? State any one objective of rainwater harvesting. [1 + 1]
(b) Give one reason to explain why irrigation is necessary in: (i) Punjab (ii) Rajasthan. [1]
(c) (i) What kind of irrigation is practised in Andhra Pradesh? [½]
(ii) State two disadvantages of this type of irrigation. [1]
(d) Give two reasons why canal irrigation is more popular in north India. [1]
(e) (i) Name any two methods of drawing water from the wells. [1]
(ii) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of wells. [1]
(f) Differentiate between inundation canal and perennial canal. [1]
(g) Give two reasons for the scarcity of water in India. [1]
(h) Why is drip irrigation the best of all modern methods of irrigation? [½]

Question No 8
(a) (i) Which is the best quality of iron ore and why? [1]
(ii) Mention any two uses of iron ore. [1]
(iii) Mention the leading producer of iron ore. [½]
(b) (i) Name one leading producer of manganese. [½]
(ii) Mention one use of manganese. [½]
(c) Give reasons why: [5 × ½]
(i) The location of coalfield is an important factor in industrial development.
(ii) Petroleum is often referred to as ‘liquid gold’.
(iii) Oil refineries are located close to oilfields or near ports.
(iv) Use of alternate source of energy becomes essential in modern life.
(v) India’s location is advantageous for the generation of solar power.
(d) How is low grade iron ore utilized? [½]
(e) Mention one disadvantage of natural gas. [½]
(f) Name an area where wind energy is commonly generated. [½]
(g) (i) Name one nuclear power plant in Gujarat. [½]
(ii) State one use of nuclear power. [½]
 (6)

(h) With reference to the Hirakud project, answer the following questions: [1½]
(i) Name the dams associated with it.
(ii) Name the river on which the project is built.
(iii) What is the purpose of the project?

Question No 9
(a) (i) How has illiteracy of farmers become a problem for Indian agriculture?
(ii) How has the government helped the farmers to solve the problem? [1]
(b) What is mixed farming? State one advantage of this farming. [1]
(c) Study the picture given below and answer the following questions:

(i) Explain the method of propagation of rice shown. [2]

(ii) Give the favourable climatic requirements to grow rice. [1]
(iii) Why is rice grown in nurseries? [1]
(d) (i) Give two reasons why Maharashtra is an important sugarcane-producing state. [1]
(ii) Explain how sugarcane is propagated by the process of ratooning. [2]
(e) Why are mostly women employed to pick tea leaves? [½]
(f) Mention any one problem of cotton cultivation. [½]

Question No 10
(a) Why was there a need for rapid industrialization in India? [½]
(b) Differentiate between village industries and cottage industries. [1]
(c) What is bagasse? State its use. [1]
(d) Mention any two problems of the sugarcane industry. [1]
(e) With reference to market and power, explain, why the cotton textile industry has
developed around Mumbai. [1]
(f) Why is Kolkata an important cotton-manufacturing centre, even though West Bengal is
not a leading producer of cotton? [1]
 (7)

(g) Give two reasons to explain why: [2]

(i) Silk industry has developed in Mysore.
(ii) The petrochemical industry is situated in Maharashtra or Gujarat.
(h) Why are petrochemicals replacing traditional products? [½]
(i) Why has electronics gained importance in India? [½]
(j) With reference to Rourkela Steel plant answer the following questions: [1½]
(i) Name its foreign collaborator.
(ii) Name any one centre that supplies coal.
(iii) Which power project provides power to it?

Question No 11
(a) What is the Golden Quadrilateral? Mention any two ways it has helped in the economic
development of India. [1 + 1]
(b) Give two reasons why the importance of inland waterways has declined. [1]
(c) Why is road transport suitable in the northern plains? [1]
(d) Why is River Ganga navigable from its mouth right up to Haridwar? [1]
(e) Give one disadvantage of air transport. Why is it still a popular means of transportation
in India? [1]
(f) Mention one advantage of oceanic waterways. [1]
(g) Mention one disadvantage of railways which affects the economy of India. [1]
(h) Name: [2]
(i) the terminal cities of the first expressway in India.
(ii) the oldest artificial harbour on the east coast of India.
(iii) a riverine port in India.
(iv) the terminal cities of National Waterway 2.

Question No 12
(a) Why is nuclear waste harmful? [1]
(b) Mention any two problems caused due to nuclear waste pollution. [1]
(c) Why is segregation of waste a key to effective waste management? [1]
(d) How do earthworms help in the composting process? [1]
(e) What is acid rain? Mention two of its effects. [1 + 1]
(f) What impact does agricultural waste accumulation have on water? [2]
(g) Why should sewage be treated before disposal? [1]
(h) Why is radioactive waste more harmful than other waste? [1]
 GARDEN HIGH SCHOOL
CLASS X

Prelims, 2023–24

Geography

Time: 2 hours Full Marks: 80

This Question Paper has eight printed pages.

Answers must be written in the script/s provided. You will not be allowed to write for
the first 15 minutes. This time must be spent in reading the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing answers.

This Paper is divided into two Sections.

Answer all the questions of Section A and any five of Section B.
All parts of a question must be answered together in the correct order.
Maximum marks for a question or parts of a question are given in brackets [ ].

SECTION A (30 marks)

Answer all the questions.

Question No 1 [10]
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet no.G43S10 and answer the following
questions:

(a) Give the six figure grid reference of ∆1426, situated north-east of Abu. [1]

(b) What does 20r in grid 6544 stand for? [½]

(c) Give two reasons why Abu is a tourist spot. [1]

(d) What is the drainage pattern in grids 6646 and 7040? [1]
(e) What are the two boundaries shown in the map extract? [1]
(f) What kind of settlement pattern is Abu and the settlement pattern in grid 6840? [1]
(g) Why is Anadra the most developed village? Give two reasons to support your answer. [1]
(h) What is a diggi found near Anadra? [½]
(i) Name the metalled roads found in the extract. [1]
(j) What is a fireline in grid 7441? [½]
(k) What is the distance, in km, between distance stone 229 in grid 6740 and distance
stone 225 in grid 6844? [1]
(l) On which bank of Sipu Nadi is Gulabganj situated? [½]
 (2)

Question No 2 [10 × 1]
On the outline map of India provided:
(a) Mark and label Aravali and Western Ghats.
(b) Mark and label Mount Godwin Austin and Delhi.
(c) Shade and label Chota Nagpur Plateau and the Kanara Coast.
(d) Mark and label River Kosi and River Krishna.
(e) Shade and label Gulf of Mannar and Lake Chilika.
(f) Mark and label Tropic of Cancer and Nathu-La Pass.
(g) Mark and label the North-East Monsoons and Srinagar.
(h) Shade an area where black soil is found and a densely-populated area in the north.
(i) Mark and name an off-shore oilfield and an iron-ore mine.
(j) Shade an area where alluvial soil is found in the south and the Thar Desert.

Question No 3 [10 × 1]
Choose the correct options:
(a) In which of the following lists are the cities arranged in the correct descending order of
the amount of rainfall received?
(i) Thiruvananthapuram; Kochi; Mangalore; Panaji
(ii) Thiruvananthapuram; Kochi; Mumbai; Panaji
(iii) Kochi; Thiruvananthapuram; Mumbai; Panaji
(iv) Kochi; Thiruvananthapuram; Mangalore; Panaji

(b) What kind of waste is usually disposed in the landfills?

(i) Toxic waste (iii) Gaseous waste
(ii) Liquid waste (iv) Solid waste

(c) Which is the CORRECT set of stages involved in the processing of cotton crop after
harvesting?
(i) Ginning – Washing of lint – Spinning – Weaving
(ii) Washing of lint – Ginning – Spinning – Weaving
(iii) Spinning – Ginning – Washing of lint – Weaving
(iv) Ginning – Spinning – Washing of lint – Weaving

(d) Which of the following statements is not true with regards to coal?
(i) Calorific value of coal found in India is low.
(ii) Coal is used as a source of power for running industries.
(iii) Coal is called liquid gold.
(iv) Coal is combustible solid stratified rock.
 (3)

(e) Why is the Government of India eager to set up more mini steel plants?
(i) They use scrap iron which is not easily available.
(ii) They are dependent on electric power and do not cause pollution.
(iii) They require heavy investment as it is a large-scale industry.
(iv) They meet the demand of the larger markets of the country.

(f) What is the water storing mechanism in Ladakh called?

(i) Khatri (ii) Zing (iii) Dighis (iv) Bhandaras
(g) What is the main component of biogas?
(i) Carbon dioxide (iii) Hydrogen
(ii) Methane (iv) Carbon Monoxide

(h) Which part of India receives rainfall from both the south-west monsoons and north-east
monsoons?
(i) Southern Andhra Pradesh (iii) Punjab
(ii) Andaman and Nicobar Islands (iv) Lakshadweep

(i) Which state has made it mandatory for every building to harvest water?
(i) Tamil Nadu (iii) Meghalaya
(ii) Haryana (iv) Andhra Pradesh

(j) Which unique property of laterite soil makes it suitable to be used as construction
material?
(i) It is coarse in nature.
(ii) It hardens like iron when exposed to air.
(iii) It is not moisture-retentive.
(iv) It lacks humus.

SECTION B (50 marks)

Answer any five questions.

Question No 4
(a) Study the climatic data of Station A below and answer the questions that follow:

Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
̊
Temperature C 23.1 24.8 26.5 29.3 32 32.8 33.1 32.1 30.5 29.3 28.7 26.1
Rainfall cms 15.3 10.1 0.3 0.1 1.3 4.5 6.1 10.2 10.5 15.1 16.8 19.0
(i) Calculate the annual rainfall in station A. [½]
(ii) Name the winds that bring most of the rainfall to station A. Mention one reason for
your answer. [1]
(iii) Suggest a name of the station. Justify your answer. [1]
 (4)

(b) Mention any one difference between the two cyclonic systems occurring in India. [1]
(c) Mention any two features of the Indian monsoon. [1]
(d) Give reasons why: [4 × 1 = 4]
(i) Thar Desert gets very little rain.
(ii) Western coastal plains receive more rainfall than the eastern coastal plains.
(iii) Kannyakumari is the first to receive the monsoon and the last to see its retreat.
(iv) Latitudinal extent of India is responsible for the variation in the climatic conditions
which prevail in the country.
(e) ‘Unprecedented heat wave sweeps across India, after the summer monsoons, rising
concerns. As autumn typically brings relief from scorching summer temperatures, India
finds itself grappling with an extraordinary heat wave just after the summer monsoons.’
[ The Indian Express ]
(i) What is this phenomenon referred to in India? What is the reason for its
occurrence? [1]
(ii) Mention any one characteristic of the phenomenon. [½]

Question No 5
(a) (i) How is alluvial soil formed? [½]
(ii) Why is alluvial soil agriculturally important? [1]
(iii) How does the soil found in the Ganga-Yamuna plain differ from the soil found in
Central Maharashtra? [1]
(b) A farmer grows different crops in his field, but to get a good yield he must fertilize and
irrigate his field frequently which involves a lot of investment.
(i) Name any one crop which the farmer grows in the field. [½]
(ii) Name its parent rock. [½]
(iii) Why do you think the farmer needs to irrigate the soil frequently? [½]
(iv) Explain the need for fertilization of the field by the farmer. [1]
(v) Name an area where this soil is found. [½]
(c) Why do the rain-fed crops in the black soil sustain even during the dry season? [½]
(d) (i) Mention the climatic conditions required for the formation of laterite soil. [1]
(ii) Mention any two commercial crops grown in laterite soil. [1]
(e) Name two important agents of erosion. For each agent, mention a method to control
the erosion caused. [1 + 1]

Question No 6
(a) (i) Name the type of forest found in the western part of the Western Ghats. [½]
(ii) Why do the forests grow in this area? [1]
(iii) Are these forests commercially important? Justify your answer. [1]
 (5)

(b) (i) Why do the tidal forests have pneumatophores? [1]

(ii) Name an area where these forests are found. [½]
(iii) Name any one tree grown in this type of forest. [½]
(c) How do forests act as a source of income for the people? [½]
(d) (i) In which type of forest do we find the acacia tree? [½]
(ii) Mention any two characteristics of the tree. [1]
(e) Give reasons why: [3 × 1 = 3]
(i) Nilgiri hills have a variety of vegetation.
(ii) Van Mahotsav is celebrated in our country.
(iii) Forests are often compared to human lungs.
(f) What is social forestry? [½]

Question No 7
(a) What is rainwater harvesting? Mention any two objectives of rainwater harvesting. [1 + 1]
(b) Give two advantages and one disadvantage that tube well irrigation has over surface
wells. [1 + 1]
(c) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the type of irrigation shown in the picture. [½]

(ii) Name a state where this type of irrigation is practised and justify your answer by
giving two reasons. [½ + 1]
(iii) Mention one disadvantage of this type of irrigation. [1]

(d) Give reasons why: [3 × ½]

(i) Sprinkler irrigation is practised in arid and semi-arid regions.
(ii) A tube well should be installed in a fertile and productive region.
(iii) Canal irrigation makes the ground around it unproductive.
 (6)

(e) (i) Mention one condition required for the construction of a well. [½]
(ii) Mention one advantage of well irrigation. [½]
(iii) Mention any one traditional method of lifting water from the wells. [½]

Question No 8
(a) (i) Which type of iron ore is known as ‘Black Ore’? [½]
(ii) Mention any one characteristic of the iron ore. [½]
(b) Why is raw iron not used in the iron and steel industry? [½]
(c) (i) Name the oldest coalfield in India. [½]
(ii) Mention one disadvantage of coal. [½]
(iii) Why is the location of coalfield an important factor in industrial development? [½]
(d) (i) Why are oil refineries located near the sea-ports? [½]
(ii) Name any one product that is obtained during the refining process of petroleum. [½]
(e) Mention any one advantage of natural gas over coal and petroleum. [½]
(f) With reference to the Bhakra Nangal project answer the following questions:
(i) Name the river on which it has been constructed. [½]
(ii) Name the two dams of the project. [1]
(iii) Name any two powerhouses of the project. [1]
(iv) Name the reservoir of the Bhakra dam. [½]
(v) What is the main purpose of the project? [½]
(g) (i) Name any one mineral used for the generation of nuclear energy. [½]
(ii) Name the nuclear power plant in Tamil Nadu. [½]
(h) State briefly how solar energy can be used to generate power. [1]

Question No 9
(a) Why is agriculture economically important in India? [½]
(b) Differentiate between extensive farming and intensive farming. [1]
(c) Why are plantation farming managed by multinational companies? [½]
(d) (i) Mention one advantage of growing rice in nurseries. [½]
(ii) Why does rice grow well in clay-like subsoil? [½]
(e) Ms A stays in one of the villages in West Bengal and went to visit her farmhouse in
Punjab in winter. She observed that the food crops cultivated in both the villages were
different.
(i) Name the food crops grown in each of the two states. [1]
(ii) What is the amount of rainfall required for the cultivation of both the crops? [1]
(iii) Mention the cropping seasons of both the crops. [1]
 (7)

(f) The millets, hardy dry land crops grown in Asian and African countries are gaining
popularity for their nutritional qualities. The UN is celebrating 2023 as the International
Year of Millets.
(i) Why are millets highly nutritious? [½]
(ii) Why are millets called dry crops? [½]
(g) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) What are the temperature requirements of the crop? [½]

(ii) Explain the method of cultivation of the crop. [1]
(iii) Mention any one state where the crop is cultivated. Justify your answer with the
help of two reasons. [½ + 1]

Question No 10
(a) Why is there a need for rapid industrialization in India? [½]
(b) Differentiate between large scale and small scale industries. [1]
(c) Mention any one use of bagasse. [½]
(d) (i) Give two reasons why cotton textile industry has developed in Mumbai. [1]
(ii) Mention any one problem faced by the industry. [½]
(e) (i) Name the state having the largest production of non-mulberry silk. [½]
(ii) Give two reasons why silk industry has flourished in Mysore region. [1]
(iii) Mention any one problem of the industry. [½]
(f) (i) Name one integrated steel plant in the private sector. [½]
(ii) From where does the plant get iron-ore and power supply? [1]
(g) (i) Name the iron and steel plant set up in Odisha. [½]
(ii) Name the foreign collaborator of the plant. [½]
(iii) From where does the plant get the supply of iron ore and manganese? [1]
(h) Give two reasons why: [2 × ½]
(i) Petrochemical products are gaining popularity in recent times.
(ii) The electronics industry is proving to be an asset for our country in the field of
education.
 (8)

Question No 11
(a) Give two reasons why road transport in India is considered more useful than rail
transport. [1]
(b) Give two reasons why road transport is developed in the northern plains. [1]
(c) Differentiate between an expressway and a highway. [1]
(d) In October 2017, the cabinet note that contained the proposal to rollout Bharatmala the
Central Government mega push to build highways worth ₹7 lakh crores, seated the
golden quadrilateral, the country’s first national wide central project to build a network of
four lane highways linking the four big cities.
[ The Indian Express ]

(i) What is the Golden Quadrilateral? [1]

(ii) Mention any two economic benefits of the Golden Quadrilateral project. [1]
(e) Mention two reasons why more people use railways than airways. [1]
(f) Name a helicopter service used in India. Name any one area where helicopter services
are used. [½ + ½]
(g) Give reasons why: [2 × 1]
(i) Inland waterways are declining.
(ii) River Ganga is navigable from its mouth right up to Allahabad.
(h) Name the following: [2 × ½]
(i) Two terminal cities of the National Waterway 2.
(ii) A port on the west coast of India which handles the export of iron ore.

Question No 12
(a) How does spoilage of landscape affect the environment? [1]
(b) How has plastic waste affected the aquatic animals? [1]
(c) How does mercury and radioactive waste cause harm to human health? [1]
(d) Why is waste segregation important? [1]
(e) Differentiate between biodegradable waste and non-biodegradable waste. [1]
(f) (i) What is a sanitary landfill? [1]
(ii) Why is sanitary landfill better than open dumping for disposal of waste? [1]
(g) Mention one benefit of composting. [1]
(h) How can you recycle waste in school? [1]
(i) How can urban waste be made useful? [1]
 GARDEN HIGH SCHOOL
CLASS X

Prelims, 2024–25

Geography

Time: 2 Hours Full Marks: 80

This Question Paper has nine printed pages.

Answers must be written in the script/s provided.
You will not be allowed to write for the first 15 minutes. This time must be spent
in reading the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing answers.

This Paper is divided into two sections.

Answer all the questions of Section A, and any five of Section B.
All parts of a question must be answered together in the correct order.
Maximum marks for a question or part of a question are given in brackets [ ].
An outline map of India will be provided. It must be securely attached to your script.

SECTION A (30 marks)

Answer all the questions.

Question No. 1 [10]

Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet no. G43S10 and answer the following
questions:

(a) What type of rainfall does the area receive? Give one evidence from grid 5339 to
support your answer. [½ + ½]

(b) Identify the drainage patterns in grids 5631 and 5627. [1]

(c) What do you mean by [½ + ½]

(i) 3r in grid 5925?
(ii) 240 in grid 5232?

(d) Identify the physical feature in grid 6132. [½]

(e) Name any one type of vegetation found in the area. [½]

(f) Calculate the area of the region enclosed by eastings 52 to 59, and northings 29 to 32. [1]

(g) What evidence indicates that mining is practised in the northern part of the area? [½]

(h) Name any two occupations of the people of Serua (5735). [1]

(i) Identify the borders shown in the south-western part of the map extract. [1]
 (2)

(j) Assuming that you can see up to half a kilometre on either side of the road, describe the
journey from Revdar (5335), where the state highway meets the district road to Karaunti
(5632) with reference to:

(i) the direction travelled. [½]

(ii) a man-made feature and a natural feature seen. [1]
(iii) the distance travelled in km from 540353 to 560334. [1]

Question No. 2 [10 × 1 = 10]

On the outline map of India provided:

(a) Mark and label the Nilgiris and the Karakoram

(b) Mark and name the financial capital and the oldest oilfield
(c) Mark and label the Standard Meridian of India and mark and name the city through
which it passes
(d) Mark and label River Jhelum and River Godavari
(e) Shade and name the coast that receives the first monsoon rains and a sparsely
populated state of NE India
(f) Shade and label the Andaman Sea and an area of laterite soil
(g) Mark and name the highest Himalayan peak in India and mark with ‘C’ and name the
largest coalfield
(h) Mark and name Lake Wular and a left bank tributary of River Ganga prone to floods
(i) Shade and label the Thar Desert and Palk Strait
(j) Mark and name the wind that brings rain to north-west India in winter

Question No. 3 [10 × 1 = 10]

Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.

(a) The Bay of Bengal branch of SW monsoon winds is directed towards

(i) Ganga plains and Coromandel coast.
(ii) Ganga plains and Brahmaputra valley.
(iii) Brahmaputra Valley and Coromandel coast.
(iv) Coromandel coast and Northern Circars.

(b) Neeru-Meeru is a watershed Management programme implemented in

(i) Andhra Pradesh. (iii) Kerala.
(ii) Tamil Nadu. (iv) Karnataka.
 (3)

(c) Two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are given below. Read them and
choose the option that correctly describes how they are related.

Assertion (A): Desert and semi-desert vegetation is found in the interior part of the
Deccan Plateau.

Reason (R): The interior part of the Deccan Plateau has average temperatures of
25ºC to 27ºC and rainfall of less than 25cm.

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(iii) A is true but R is false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.

(d)

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the soil shown in the picture
(i) It is sticky when wet (iii) It is rich in humus.
(ii) It is deep and fine grained. (iv) It is formed in situ.

(e) A girl living in Surat, Gujarat was told by her Geography teacher that the nuclear power
plant located nearby provided alternative source of energy which had many benefits.
Which power plant was she talking about?
(i) Kaiga (ii) Kalpakkam (iii) Kakrapar (iv) Kudankolam

(f) Dibbling is
(i) the process when seeds, guided through a bamboo shaft attached to the plough,
fall into furrows, at regular intervals.
(ii) the process of dropping seeds slowly in holes in the furrows made by the plough.
(iii) the process of removing the grains from the stalk.
(iv) the process of removing unwanted husk from the grain.

(g) National Waterways 2 connects

(i) Haldia to Sadiya. (iii) Sadiya to Prayagraj.
(ii) Haldia to Prayagraj. (iv) Sadiya to Dhubri.
 (4)

(h) The satellite port of the largest port of India is

(i) Chhatrapati Shivaji port. (iii) Ennore port.
(ii) Jawaharlal Nehru port. (iv) Panambur port.

(i) _______ is both a problem and characteristic feature of Indian agriculture.

(i) Year long growing season (iii) Wide variety of crops
(ii) Dependence on monsoons (iv) Preponderance of food crops

(j) Two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are given below. Read them and
choose the option that correctly describes how they are related.
Assertion (A): Sanitary landfill system of disposing waste must be recommended.
Reason (R): It does not cause pollution.
(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(iii) A is true but R is false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.

SECTION B (50 marks)

Answer any five questions.

Question No. 4
(a) Study the climatic data of the given station and answer the questions that follow:
Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp
24.5 25.7 27.7 28.4 30.0 32.5 31.0 30.2 29.8 28.0 25.9 24.7
(ºC)
Rainfall
15.3 10.1 0.7 0.4 1.8 4.6 8.6 10.4 10.8 20.1 16.8 19.0
(cm)

(i) Calculate the annual rainfall received at the station. [1]

(ii) Calculate the annual range of temperature. Based on this, what do you infer about
the location of the station? [½ + ½]
(iii) Name the winds that bring maximum rainfall to the station. [½]
(iv) Name a place in India that could represent the station. [½]

(b) Give reasons why: [3]

(i) Rainy season in India is after the summer season.
(ii) Lucknow receives more rain than Jaipur.
(iii) Mumbai is cooler than Delhi in summer.
 (5)

(c) Name two cyclonic systems that affect India and one state that receives rain from each
of these systems. [1 + 1]
(d) State two important characteristics of the monsoons. [1]
(e) Guwahati receives heavy rain accompanied by thunder and lightning in the month of
April. Name the winds that cause this and state one way in which it benefits the people
of Assam. [½ + ½]

Question No. 5
(a) Give reasons why: [3]
(i) Alluvial soil is extremely fertile.
(ii) We need to conserve soil as a natural resource.
(iii) Laterite soil is infertile.
(b) With reference to red soil, answer the following:
(i) How is it formed? [1]
(ii) State any two of its advantages. [2]
(c) Mention two differences between alluvial soil of the Gangetic Plain and that of the
Godavari delta. [2]
(d) What is soil conservation? [1]
(e) State a method of soil conservation in: [½ + ½]
(i) arid and semi-arid regions.
(ii) river valleys prone to floods.
(f) Why do we say that black soil is self-ploughing? [1]

Question No. 6
(a) A group of students went for a trek along the west coast of India They hiked along
beaches and even through forests on the slopes of the Western Ghats.
(i) Name the forests through which they hiked. Give two reasons why such forests are
found there. [½ + 2]
(ii) State any two characteristics of these forests. [1]
(iii) Name any one tree found in these forests. [½]
(b) Give reasons why: [3]
(i) It is difficult to move through tidal forests.
(ii) Afforestation is essential around towns which have iron and steel industry.
(iii) There is gradual increase in forest cover in recent times.
(c) How do forests [2]
(i) have a favourable effect on the climate of the region?
(ii) act as a flood control measure?
 (6)

(d) Name: [1]

(i) A tree that is hard, heavy and used for making railway sleepers
(ii) A tree the bark of which provides material for tanning hides and skins.

Question No. 7
(a) In spite of receiving abundant rainfall, irrigation is the key to success of India’s
agriculture. Justify the statement giving two reasons. [2]
(b) Give reasons why: [3]
(i) Tube wells are specially advantageous during droughts.
(ii) Traditional means of irrigation are still popular in many parts of India.
(iii) We are facing water scarcity in recent times.
(c) Differentiate between surface water and groundwater. [1]
(d) Name two states where perennial canals are commonly used. Give two reasons to
explain why they are popular in the states mentioned by you. [1 + 1]
(e) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Identify the method of irrigation. [½]

(ii) State one advantage and one disadvantage of this type of irrigation. [1]
(iii) Name a state where it is popular. [½]

Question No. 8
(a) There is ample potential of setting up biogas plants in India. The National Bioenergy
Programme has been recommended by the concerned Ministry, for implementation in
two phases. The spread of biogas technology is a boon for Indian farmers with its direct
and guaranteed benefits. [[Link]

(i) Why do you think generation of biogas can be achieved in every household in
India? [1]
(ii) Mention two ways in which generation of this form of energy proves to be a boon for
Indian farmers. [1]
 (7)

(b) Mention two differences between thermal electricity and hydroelectricity. [2]
(c) How is low grade iron ore used? [1]
(d) Name: [2]
(i) The largest oil refinery in the public sector
(ii) A mineral used for manufacture of synthetics
(iii) The reservoir of the Bhakra Nangal Project
(iv) An offshore oilfield in the Gulf of Khambat
(e) Give reasons why: [3]
(i) Coal is a versatile mineral.
(ii) Copper is used to make electric wires.
(iii) Tamil Nadu is particularly suited for generation of wind energy.

Question No. 9
(a) Why is agriculture important in India? [1]
(b) Differentiate between rabi crop and kharif crop. [1]
(c) Explain the following terms and name the crops associated with each: [1 + 1]
(i) Ginning (ii) Retting
(d) Name the state that leads in the production of jute. Give one factor that favours the
cultivation of jute in the state mentioned by you. [1]
(e) Give reasons why: [3]
(i) Cultivation of wheat is confined to north India.
(ii) Coffee beans are roasted.
(iii) Practising mixed farming gives security to farmers.
(f) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Identify the crop and the associated activity. [½ + ½]

(ii) Why are women engaged in this activity? [½]
(iii) What are the temperature requirements for the favourable growth of this crop? [½]
 (8)

Question No. 10
(a) Give reasons why: [3]
(i) Mini steel plants are an eco-friendly option.
(ii) Petrochemical industries are located close to refineries.
(iii) Electronics industry is crucial for the economic development of India.

(b) Give two reasons why Mumbai is a leading centre for production of cotton textiles. [2]

(c) From where does Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) get its supply of [1]
(i) iron ore? (ii) limestone?

(d) Differentiate between an ancillary and a tertiary industry. [1]

(e) Mention any two factors that have favoured the growth of the silk industry in Bengaluru.
Mention any two problems faced by the industry. [2 + 1]

Question No. 11
(a) Give reasons why: [3]
(i) Road transport is considered more useful than rail transport.
(ii) Railways are managed by the Central Government.
(iii) Importance of inland waterways is declining in India.

(b) Differentiate between expressway and highway. Name the first expressway constructed
in India. [1 + ½]

(c) Name a helicopter service that operates in India. Name an area where helicopter
services are used. [½ + ½]

(d) What is the Golden Quadrilateral? Mention any two ways in which it has helped the
economic development of the country. [1 + 2]

(e) In spite of being expensive, airways are gaining popularity in India. Justify. [½]

(f) Name: [1]

(i) A riverine port in India
(ii) A natural port located on a lagoon

Question No. 12
(a) Although dumping is the cheapest waste management strategy, it is harmful to the
environment.
State any two ways in which dumping harms the environment. [1]

(b) Explain how waste generated in the following sectors may be made useful: [2]
(i) Industry (ii) Agriculture
 (9)

(c) Why should waste management be practised in every school? [1]

(d) What is meant by segregation of waste? Why is it necessary? [1 + 1]

(e) Mention one initiative taken by the government to manage waste. [1]

(f) Methane is an air pollutant that is a greenhouse gas. Name two sources of methane. [1]

(g) When mixed in water, DDT accumulates in the cells of various aquatic organisms.
Small fish consume zooplanktons that have DDT in them. Larger fish that consume
small fish also consume DDT and its concentration moves up the food chain.

(i) Based on the example, identify and name the process. [½]

(ii) How do they effect the fish-eating birds? [½]

(h) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) What is the main cause of pollution seen in the picture? [½]

(ii) State one effect it has had on the health of the people of Delhi. [½]
 GEOGRAPHY
(H.C.G. PAPER – 2)
Maximum Marks: 80
Time allowed: Two hours
1. Answers to this paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.

6. A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.
7. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

To be supplied with this paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and 20 cm of twine.
Note:
(i) In all map work, make wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map.
(ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 must not be taken out of the examination
hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on completion of the paper.
(iii) The map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after marking, must be
fastened to your answer booklet.
(iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial order.
(v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet which is used to
answer the rest of the paper.

Instruction for the Supervising Examiner

Kindly read aloud the Instructions given above to all the candidates present in the Examination
Hall.

This paper consists of 12 printed pages and 1 outline map of India.

T25 502 I Turn Over
© Copyright reserved.
 PART I (30 Marks)

(Attempt all questions from this Part.)

Question 1

Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and answer the
following questions:

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for the post office at Sanwara. [2]

(b) What is the general slope of the land?

(ii) (a) Name any two types of scale shown on the map. [2]

(b) Which according to you is the universally accepted scale and why?

(iii) Kamlesh while going from Wahan to Mohabbatgarh by car observed some [2]
modern amenities which have been developed for the villagers.
Name any two such facilities observed by him.

(iv) (a) What is the difference in the means of transport used in grid square 6435 [2]
from the one used in 6236?

(b) Identify any two natural features in grid square 6631.

(v) There is a large forest in the southeastern corner of the map. People of nearby [2]
areas cannot use the forest for commercial or household purposes.

(a) Give a reason why the forest cannot be used by the people.

(b) Why is the Fireline made in the above area?

T25 502 I 2
 Question 2

On the outline map of India provided:

(i) Mark and label the Nilgiris. [1]

(ii) Shade and label Gulf of Khambat. [1]

(iii) Shade and label a densely populated region in eastern part of India. [1]

(iv) Mark and label an area of soil known for cotton cultivation. [1]

(v) Shade and label the Kanara coastal plain. [1]

(vi) Mark with arrows and name the winds that bring winter rainfall to Chennai. [1]

(vii) Mark ‘S’ for Singhbhum. [1]

(viii) Mark and label the river Mahanadi. [1]

(ix) Mark and label an inland freshwater lake. [1]

(x) Mark and label Kochi. [1]

Question 3

Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10]

(Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)

(i) The Retreating Monsoon season is experienced during ___________.

(a) March – April

(b) September – October

(c) January – February

(d) October – November

T25 502 I 3 Turn Over

 (ii) Alluvial : rice : : Laterite : __________

(a) Jute

(b) Coffee

(c) Sugarcane

(d) Wheat

(iii) Which of the following statement about trees in xerophytic vegetation is TRUE?

(a) They have dense undergrowth.

(b) They have stunted growth with long roots.

(c) They have broad green leaves.

(d) Trees are tall and umbrella shaped.

(iv) Which of the following is NOT a benefit of rainwater harvesting in India?

(a) Reduction of soil erosion in cultivable land.

(b) Promotion of excessive groundwater extraction.

(c) Reduction of flooding of urban areas.

(d) Increased availability of underground water.

(v) It is used for making aircrafts, ships and utensils:

(a) Iron ore

(b) Bauxite

(c) Manganese

(d) Copper

T25 502 I 4
 (vi) Assertion (A): Millets are mostly cultivated in the drier parts of India.

Reason (R): Millets are drought and heat-resistant crops.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A).

(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

(vii) With which industry can the following image be associated?

(a) Tea

(b) Sugar

(c) Silk

(d) Cotton textile

(viii) This mode of transport provides door to door service:

(a) Roadway

(b) Airway

(c) Railway

(d) Waterway

T25 502 I 5 Turn Over

 (ix) Materials like plastic, paper, glass, wood are usually sent for __________.

(a) Recycling

(b) Reduction

(c) Incineration

(d) Segregation

(x) In this process toxins get progressively concentrated in the tissues of organisms
at higher level in the food chain.

(a) Eutrophication

(b) Vermi composting

(c) Biomagnification

(d) Contamination

PART II (50 Marks)

(Attempt any five questions from this Part.)

Question 4
(i) The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) issued an alert predicting heavy [2]
rainfall in Goa and Maharashtra over the next few days in July.
— Source: IMD Weather Report, July 23, 2024.

(a) Name the winds which bring rainfall to the above-mentioned states.

(b) Why does Goa experience more rainfall than the Deccan Plateau?

(ii) Name the local winds which blow during the summer season in each of the [2]
following States:

(a) Tamil Nadu

(b) Assam

T25 502 I 6
 (iii) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(a) Kolkata experiences heavier rainfall than Patna.

(b) Tourists do not carry woollens when they visit Kochi in the winter season.

(c) Nainital experiences lower temperature than Lucknow during the summer
season.

(iv) Study the climate data of station X and answer the following questions: [3]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp (ºC) 6.5 16.5 25.3 32.9 36.0 35.4 31.2 30 27.3 24.6 17.5 8
Rainfall (cm) 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.3 2.5 17 23.4 20.5 20.6 4.5 1.6 0.8

(a) Which is the driest month in the given station?

(b) Calculate the annual range of temperature of station X.

(c) Name the wind that is likely to bring most of the rainfall to this station.

Question 5
(i) (a) Which soil is extensively found in India? [2]

(b) State any two important characteristics of the soil named by you above.

(ii) Give a reason for the following statements: [2]

(a) Laterite soil is red in colour.

(b) Black soil has self-ploughing capacity.

(iii) Name the soil with which the following terms are associated: [3]

(a) Humus

(b) Leaching

(c) In-situ

T25 502 I 7 Turn Over

 (iv) [3]

(a) Name the agent responsible for soil erosion in areas shown in the image
above.

(b) Name the soil conservation method shown in the image given above.

(c) How does method help in preventing soil erosion?

Question 6
(i) (a) Mention the rainfall condition under which tropical monsoon forests [2]
develop.

(b) Name any two important trees of this forest.

(ii) Mention any two characteristics of the Tropical Rain Forests that are a [2]
hindrance for its utilisation for commercial purposes.

(iii) Give a geographical reason for each of the following. [3]

(a) Tropical deciduous forests look bare during summer season.

(b) Mountain forests have mixed vegetation.

(c) Trees of the desert vegetation have small, waxy leaves.

(iv) Mention any three ways in which the forests play an important role in the [3]
economic development of our country.

T25 502 I 8
 Question 7
(i) Why is the use of irrigation essential for agriculture in India? [2]

(ii) Mention any two reasons why tank irrigation is mainly used in Karnataka and [2]
Andhra Pradesh.

(iii) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(a) Tube wells are the preferred means of irrigation over surface wells.

(b) Canal irrigation often leads to soil effervescence.

(iv) (a) Mention any two conditions that are essential for the development of well [3]
irrigation.

(b) Name any two states where well irrigation is a common practice.

Question 8
(i) Copper demand in India has surged by 16% in 2023. This demand was met [2]
through increased production of refined copper.
— Source: Economic Times. October 27, 2022

(a) Mention any two uses of copper.

(b) Name any two states that produce large amount of copper.

(ii) (a) Why is nuclear energy considered to be the energy of the future? [2]

(b) Name a mineral used for production of nuclear energy.

(iii) Name the following. [3]

(a) The largest iron ore producing state in India.

(b) A tertiary coalfield of India.

(c) An onshore oil field in Gujarat.

T25 502 I 9 Turn Over

 (iv) With reference to the Bhakra Nangal Dam: [3]

(a) Name the river on which this dam is built.

(b) Name any two states that benefit from this dam.

(c) Mention any two ways in which this dam has proved beneficial for the
states named by you above.

Question 9

(i) Mention any two differences between commercial farming and subsistence [2]
farming.

(ii) Mention any two problems faced by Indian farmers. [2]

(iii) With reference to rice cultivation in India, answer the following questions: [3]

(a) Which is the largest rice producing state in India?

(b) Mention any two geographical conditions required for growing rice.

(iv) Identify a crop associated with each of the following processes: [3]

(a) Broadcasting

(b) Ginning

(c) Ratooning

Question 10

(i) Classify industries on the basis of their size giving a suitable example for each. [2]

(ii) Give a reason for the following: [2]

(a) Sugarcane must be crushed within 24 hours of harvesting.

(b) Mysore is famous for silk industry.

T25 502 I 10
 (iii) With reference to the petrochemical industry answer the following: [3]

(a) Mention any two raw materials used in the petrochemical industry.

(b) Name any two important products of this industry.

(c) Why are petrochemical products becoming popular in recent years?

(iv) With reference to the Rourkela Steel Plant, answer the following: [3]

(a) In which state of India is it located?

(b) With whose collaboration was it set up?

(c) From where does the plant get its supply of iron ore and coal?

Question 11

(i) State any two disadvantages of air transport. [2]

(ii) [2]

Delhi

Kolkata
Mumbai

Chennai

(a) Name the highway project depicted in the image above.

(b) State any two objectives of this project named by you.

T25 502 I 11 Turn Over

 (iii) Give a reason for the following: [3]

(a) Railways are not well developed in the north-eastern states.

(b) Helicopters have helped to develop the tourism sector.

(c) Road transport is ideal for short distance travel.

(iv) Name the following: [3]

(a) A major port on the Eastern coast of India.

(b) The Expressway connecting Srinagar with Kanyakumari.

(c) The cheapest means of transport.

Question 12

(i) What will be the effect of pollution on the following? [2]

(a) Terrestrial life

(b) Marine life

(ii) Give two reasons why we need to manage the wastes. [2]

(iii) India’s waste management problem has increased with the growing population [3]
and urbanization with tons of waste still ending up in landfills each year and
leaking into the environment.
— Source: Article by Bruna Alves, February 28, 2024

(a) Mention any two consequences of waste accumulation.

(b) What happens when wastewater leaks into surrounding areas?

(iv) Give any three examples how you, as an individual, can manage waste at home. [3]

T25 502 I 12
Question No. 2
Index No.……………………………………………. UID……………………………..
(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers)
Outline Map of India for Question 2.

ONLY FOR THE EXAMINER

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) Total

T25 502 I 13
 GEOGRAPHY
(H.C.G. PAPER – 2)
Maximum Marks: 80
Time allowed: Two hours
1. Answers to this paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.

6. A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.
7. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

To be supplied with this paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and 20 cm of twine.
Note:
(i) In all map work, make wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map.
(ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 must not be taken out of the examination
hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on completion of the paper.
(iii) The map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after marking, must be
fastened to your answer booklet.
(iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial order.
(v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet which is used to
answer the rest of the paper.

Instruction for the Supervising Examiner

Kindly read aloud the Instructions given above to all the candidates present in the Examination
Hall.

This paper consists of 12 printed pages and 1 outline map of India.

T25 502 Turn Over
© Copyright reserved.
 PART I (30 Marks)
(Attempt all questions from this Part.)

Question 1
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and answer the
following questions:
(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for spot height .437 in the [2]

southeastern part of the map extract.

(b) Aman, a local craftsman, wants to sell his product to a large gathering
to earn money instantly.

1. Which settlement should he go to?

2. Name the month in which he should visit the settlement named by

you above.

(ii) (a) On which bank of the Sukli nadi is the settlement of Pamera situated? [2]

(b) Identify the settlement pattern seen in the grid square 6732.

(iii) Roshan, while travelling from Sirori to Tokra, observed that the surface [2]
water sources are dry except for the reservoir near Tokra.

(a) What according to you may be the reason for the presence of water in
the reservoir in 6832 near Tokra settlement?

(b) State whether this reservoir is artificial or natural source of water.

(iv) (a) What is the direct distance between Gulabganj to Pithapura? Give [2]
your answer in kilometre.

(b) Mention the compass direction of Pithapura from Gulabganj.

(v) (a) Name two man-made features seen in the grid square 6534. [2]

(b) Define contour interval.

T25 502 2
Question 2
On the outline map of India provided:
(i) Mark and label the Nathu-La pass. [1]

(ii) Shade and name the coastal plain that occupies a large part of Kerala. [1]

(iii) Mark and label Digboi. [1]

(iv) Mark and label Chilka lake. [1]

(v) Mark with arrows and name the wind that brings rainfall to Tamil Nadu [1]
coast during winter.

(vi) Mark and label the river Sutlej. [1]

(vii) Mark and label the Standard Meridian of India. [1]

(viii) Mark and label Satpura range. [1]

(ix) Shade and label the Chota Nagpur plateau. [1]

(x) Mark and label Visakhapatnam. [1]

Question 3
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10]
(Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)
(i) Assertion(A): Mumbai receives more rainfall than Pune.

Reason(R): Mumbai gets rain from Arabian Sea branch of southwest

monsoon.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).

(c) (A) is true and (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false and (R) is true.

T25 502 3 Turn Over

(ii) Which of the following pairs of soils displays similar characteristics in
terms of their colour and texture?

(a) Alluvial soil and laterite soil

(b) Black soil and red soil

(c) Red soil and laterite soil

(d) Alluvial soil and black soil

(iii) The type of natural vegetation shown in the picture given below is found in:

(a) Tropical desert

(b) Tropical deciduous

(c) Tropical evergreen

(d) Littoral forest

(iv) Which of the following prevents wastage of water?

(a) Canal

(b) Well

(c) Sprinkler

(d) Tube well

T25 502 4
(v) Balaghat : Manganese : : Mumbai High : ____________

(a) Copper

(b) Coal

(c) Iron Ore

(d) Petroleum

(vi) A microbiological process that loosens the bark of a crop and facilitates
removal of fibre from the stalk:

(a) Rolling

(b) Ratooning

(c) Retting

(d) Fermentation

(vii) Which industry amongst the following has revolutionised the lifestyle of the
Indian masses in recent years?

(a) Cotton Textile

(b) Electronic

(c) Iron and Steel

(d) Sugar

(viii) Which of the following household products is associated with the

petrochemical industry?

(a) Glass bottle

(b) Wooden chopping board

(c) Kitchen knife

(d) Plastic mug

T25 502 5 Turn Over

(ix) Raman, a dairy farmer in Ludhiana, supplies milk within the city on a daily
basis. Which mode of transport is he most likely to use?

(a) Railway

(b) Roadway

(c) Airway

(d) Waterway

(x) The collection of discarded materials and converting them into useful
products is:

(a) Recycling

(b) Processing

(c) Reducing

(d) Composting

PART II (50 Marks)

(Attempt any five questions from this Part.)

Question 4
(i) ‘Severe cyclonic storms are often formed over the Bay of Bengal during the [2]
retreating monsoon season.’
(a) Name two states that are affected by tropical cyclones on the eastern
coast of India.

(b) The temperate cyclones cause less damage than the tropical cyclones.
Give any two points to support this statement.

(ii) (a) Name the local wind that causes rainfall in the states of Assam and [2]
West Bengal in the month of April.

(b) How is this rainfall beneficial for the states mentioned above?

T25 502 6
(iii) With reference to Figure A and Figure B given below, answer the questions [3]
that follow:

Figure A Figure B
(a) Name the winds shown by arrows in Figure A and Figure B.
(b) How is the wind shown in Figure A different from the one shown in
Figure B?
(iv) Study the climate data of station X and answer the following questions: [3]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp (°C) 24.0 25.4 26.7 28.3 30.0 28.9 27.6 27.4 27.3 27.1 27.0 25.0
Rainfall(cm) 0.25 0.25 - - 1.75 50.2 61.0 37.0 27.0 4.75 1.50 -

(a) What is the annual range of temperature for station X?

(b) Which is the wettest month?
(c) Name the wind which brings rainfall for station X during the rainy season.

Question 5
(i) The Ganga Plain is known for its fertile soil. It is often referred to as the food [2]
bowl of India. This region supports a variety of crops such as rice, wheat, pulses,
jute and sugarcane.
(a) Name the soil that is found in large parts of Ganga plain.
(b) Give two properties of this soil which helps it to produce a variety of crops.

T25 502 7 Turn Over

(ii) (a) What is meant by soil erosion? [2]

(b) Name any two agents of soil erosion.

(iii) Give a geographical reason to explain each of the following: [3]

(a) Soil conservation is the need of the hour.

(b) Red soil has a poor water retention capacity.

(c) Laterite soils are infertile.

(iv) With reference to black soil of India, answer the following questions. [3]

(a) How is this soil formed?

(b) How is this soil able to retain moisture for a long period?

(c) Mention any two minerals present in this soil.

Question 6

(i) India has lost 2.33 million hectares of tree cover since the year 2000. This [2]
is equivalent to a six percent decrease in tree cover during this period.
Source: The Indian Express, Date: 12.04.2024

(a) Mention any two causes of the decrease in the forest cover of India.

(b) Name a conservation method that may be used to help in increasing

the forest cover.

(ii) Mention the climatic condition suitable for the development of tropical [2]
evergreen forest.

(iii) State any three differences between tropical deciduous and tropical desert [3]
vegetation.

(iv) (a) Give any two reasons for the great diversity of natural vegetation in India. [3]

(b) How do the forests help in maintenance of air quality?

T25 502 8
Question 7
(i) Mention any one advantage and any one disadvantage of well irrigation. [2]

(ii) Suggest any two measures to overcome scarcity of water in the metropolitan [2]
cities of India.

(iii) Give one reason to explain each of the following: [3]

(a) Tank irrigation is NOT common in Northern India.

(b) Canal irrigation is important in Punjab.

(c) All farmers do not use tube well irrigation even if the geographical
condition is favourable.

(iv) State any three objectives of rainwater harvesting. [3]

Question 8
(i) With the rising price of fossil fuel every passing day, it is very important to [2]
develop non-conventional energy resource.
— Bulletin – Department of non-conventional sources of energy

(a) Name a non-conventional energy source that can be harnessed by

taking advantage of India’s vast coastline.

(b) State one advantage of using geothermal energy.

(ii) (a) How is Biogas formed? [2]

(b) Mention any one advantage of Biogas over other non-conventional

energy resources.

(iii) Give a reason for each of the following. [3]

(a) Iron ore is called a versatile mineral.

(b) Windmills set up on agricultural lands are beneficial to farmers.

(c) Coal is the most preferred source of energy in Indian industries.

T25 502 9 Turn Over

(iv) [3]

(a) Identify the type of energy being generated in the picture given above.
(b) State why this type of energy is cheaper in the long run.
(c) Name a power project associated with the generation of this energy in
the northern part of India.

Question 9
(i) Mention two climatic conditions that favour the cultivation of groundnut. [2]
(ii) Give any two reasons why Maharashtra has emerged as an important [2]
sugarcane producing state.
(iii) Give one reason to explain each of the following: [3]
(a) Trees are planted in between the rows of coffee plants.
(b) Cotton cultivation requires plenty of cheap labour.
(c) Hill slopes are best suited for tea cultivation.
(iv) Explain the following: [3]
(a) Mixed farming
(b) Zayad
(c) Transplantation

T25 502 10
Question 10
(i) State any two factors that are responsible for the growth of the cotton textile [2]
industry in Kolkata.

(ii) ‘Karnataka is the leading state for silk production in India.’ [2]

Give any two reasons to justify the above statement.

(iii) (a) Name the Iron and Steel industry located at Chhattisgarh. [3]

(b) From where does the industry named by you above get its supply of
the following?

1. Iron ore

2. Coal

(iv) Raghav has been given a project by his teacher in which he has to write [3]
about the by-products of an industry that is used for preparing shoe polish,
carbon paper and cardboard.

(a) Which industry will he be writing about?

(b) Name any two by-products of the industry mentioned by you.

Question 11
(i) Why is a well-developed transport network important for India? [2]

(ii) Mention any two advantages of road transport. [2]

(iii) Name the following: [3]

(a) The mode of transport that ensures comfortable journey, especially for
elders and children.

(b) The highway connecting Silchar in Assam to Porbandar in Gujarat.

(c) The cheapest means of transport for bulky goods.

T25 502 11 Turn Over

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following. [3]
(a) Airways are the most efficient mode of transport to connect Northeast
India with the rest of the country.
(b) Railways are easily developed in the Northern Plains of India.
(c) Rivers of peninsular India are NOT ideal for inland water transport.

Question 12
(i) (a) Give a reason for a substantial rise of E-waste in India. [2]

(b) What is dumping?

(ii) ‘You cannot protect environment unless you empower people, you inform [2]
them and help them to understand that these resources are their own, that
they must protect them.’
— Wangari Maathai (recipient of Nobel Prize 2004 for Sustainable Development)

As a responsible student how would you contribute to reduce and manage

the waste generated in your surroundings. Explain by giving suitable
examples.

(iii) With reference to the 3Rs, give a term that best describes each of the [3]
following:

(a) An empty soft drink can is used as a pen stand.

(b) Old scrap papers are used to manufacture handmade paper.

(c) No food is wasted in the household.

(iv) Give a reason for the following statements: [3]

(a) Organic manure should replace chemical fertilisers.

(b) There should be a ban on the use of polythene and plastic products.

(c) Manual handling of waste must be avoided.

T25 502 12
Question No. 2
Index No.……………………………………………. UID……………………………..
(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers)
Outline Map of India for Question 2.

ONLY FOR THE EXAMINER

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) Total

T25 502 13
 GEOGRAPHY
(H.C.G. PAPER – 2)

Maximum Marks: 80

Time allowed: Two hours

Answers to this paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately.

You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.

This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.

The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.

A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.

The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

To be supplied with this paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and 20 cm of twine.
Note:

(i) In all map work, make wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map.

(ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 must not be taken out of the
examination hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on completion of
the paper.

(iii) The map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after marking, must
be fastened to your answer booklet.

(iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial order.

(v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet which is
used to answer the rest of the paper.

This paper consists of 10 printed pages and 1 outline map of India.

T24 502 Turn Over
© Copyright reserved.
 PART I (30 Marks)

(Attempt all questions from this Part.)

Question 1
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the
following questions:
(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for spot height .522. [2]

(b) What is the pattern of settlement in the grid square 3591?

(ii) (a) Mention two man-made features seen in the grid square 3794. [2]

(b) Mention two means of transport used by the people of Nani Bhatamal in
the grid square 3691.

(iii) (a) Identify the landform marked by the contours in the grid square 3896. [2]

(b) What is the pattern of drainage seen in the grid square 3697?

(iv) (a) What is the reason for the presence of causeway in the grid square 3695? [2]

(b) What is the compass direction of Khara (4097) from Karja (3994)?

(v) Calculate the area in kilometre square of the region to the south of 94 Northing. [2]

Question 2

On the outline map of India provided:

(i) Mark and label the river Krishna. [1]

(ii) Mark and label the Eastern Ghats. [1]

(iii) Shade and label a densely populated area in the southern part of India. [1]

(iv) Shade and label the Konkan coastal plain. [1]

(v) Mark with an arrow and label the direction of western disturbance. [1]

(vi) Shade and label the Thar Desert. [1]

T24 502 2
(vii) Shade and label the Andaman Sea. [1]

(viii) Mark and label the city Chennai. [1]

(ix) Mark and name the highest peak of Himalayas in India. [1]

(x) Mark and label Mumbai High. [1]

Question 3

Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10]

(Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)

(i) What causes snowfall in Kashmir during winter?

(a) Tropical cyclone

(b) Northeast Monsoon wind

(c) Southwest Monsoon wind

(d) Temperate cyclone

(ii) Which of the following helps in soil conservation?

(a) Afforestation

(b) Overgrazing

(c) Mining

(d) Shifting agriculture

(iii) Which means of irrigation can be developed with minimum expenditure?

(a) Tube well

(b) Canal

(c) Well

(d) Drip irrigation

T24 502 3 Turn Over

(iv) Read the table and identify the pair that is correctly matched:

Natural Vegetation
Tree
Belt
P Tropical evergreen Babool
Q Tropical deciduous Teak
R Littoral Ebony
S Mountain forest Banyan

(a) P

(b) Q

(c) R

(d) S

(v) Bauxite is the ore of:

(a) Aluminium

(b) Copper

(c) Manganese

(d) Iron

(vi) Identify the source of energy that leads to pollution:

(a) Tidal energy

(b) Wind energy

(c) Natural gas

(d) Geo-thermal energy

(vii) Which of the following is NOT a centre for the iron and steel industry?

(a) Bhilai

(b) Bengaluru

(c) Rourkela

(d) Vishakhapatnam

T24 502 4
(viii) Which of the following farming method is used to grow tea on a large scale?

(a) Subsistence farming

(b) Plantation farming

(c) Mixed farming

(d) Shifting agriculture

(ix) Which of the following means of transport has best use during floods / earthquake?

(a) Airways

(b) Railways

(c) Roadways

(d) Waterways

(x) Which of the following is a biodegradable waste?

(a) Broken glass

(b) Wastepaper

(c) Polythene

(d) Plastic bags

PART II (50 Marks)

(Attempt any five questions from this Part.)

Question 4

(i) ‘Himalayas act as a climatic divide.’ Justify the statement giving two reasons. [2]

(ii) Differentiate between Southwest Monsoon and Retreating Monsoon. (Any two [2]
differences)
(iii) Give a geographical reason for the following: [3]

(a) Kolkata gets more rain than Delhi during rainy season.

(b) Though both are hill stations, Shimla experiences snowfall during the
winters but Ooty does not.

(c) Winter monsoons bring less rain.

T24 502 5 Turn Over

(iv) Study the climate data of Station X and answer the questions that follow: [3]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp 8.4 11.5 21.6 28.3 35.1 38.5 41.0 38.0 30.8 29.2 15.6 10.2
C
Rainfall 1.5 0.9 0.5 _ _ 12.5 17.8 18.5 12.5 12.5 6.2 2.1
cms
(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station X.

(b) Name the rainiest month of the Station X.

(c) Is the Station X located in coastal area or in the continental interior?

Question 5

(i) Why is Black soil found suitable for the production of cotton? (Any two points) [2]

(ii) Give one difference between each of the following: [2]

(a) Alluvial soil of Uttarakhand and alluvial soil of West Bengal.

(b) Transported soil and residual soil.

(iii) With reference to Laterite soil, answer the questions that follow: [3]

(a) How is Laterite soil formed?

(b) How can Laterite soil be made productive?

(c) Name one region where Laterite soil is found.

(iv) (a) Mention two causes of soil erosion in India. [3]

(b) Mention a soil conservation method suitable for hilly area.

Question 6
(i) How is tropical monsoon forest useful for the Indian economy? (Any two points) [2]

(ii) Mention the climatic condition that leads to the development of tropical desert [2]
vegetation.

T24 502 6
(iii) Give a reason to explain each of the following: [3]

(a) Mountains have varied vegetation.

(b) Stilt like / aerial roots are a typical feature of littoral forest.

(c) The tropical evergreen forests do not look bare at any time of the year.

(iv) (a) How has the rising population of India resulted in the loss of forest cover? [3]
(Any one point)

(b) Mention any two forest conservation methods that may be adopted to
protect the forests.

Question 7

(i) Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of using tank irrigation. [2]

(ii) (a) What is the advantage of using Drip irrigation? [2]

(b) Why is Drip irrigation not practiced on a large scale in India?

(iii) Give a reason to explain each of the following: [3]

(a) Sprinkler irrigation is gaining popularity in recent times.

(b) Tube well irrigation is used in Punjab.

(c) North India has more area under canal irrigation.

(iv) [3]

(a) Name the water conservation practice shown in the above picture.

(b) How does this system help to reduce floods?

(c) Why is water conservation necessary? (Any two reasons)

T24 502 7 Turn Over

Question 8

(i) (a) Name any three varieties of coal produced in India. [2]

(b) Name the variety of coal widely used in Iron and Steel Industries of India.

(ii) (a) Name the state that is the largest producer of iron ore in India. [2]

(b) Name any one mining area of Iron ore from the state mentioned by you.

(iii) (a) Mention two ways in which Hirakud dam has helped the people of Odisha? [3]

(b) Across which river is the Hirakud dam built?

(iv) Give reasons for each of the following: [3]

(a) Geothermal energy is not popular in India.

(b) Solar energy is gaining popularity.

(c) Petroleum is considered a harmful source of energy.

Question 9

(i) Why is agriculture considered an important sector of Indian economy? (Any two [2]
points)

(ii) (a) What is mixed farming? [2]

(b) Mention any one advantage of mixed farming.

(iii) Give one reason to explain each of the following: [3]

(a) West Bengal is a leading producer of jute.

(b) Millets are fast becoming the popular food crops.

(c) More than two ratoon crops are not advisable for sugarcane farmers.

(iv) (a) With reference to tea cultivation, explain the term ‘fine pluck’. [3]

(b) Name the Indian state that leads in coffee production.

(c) Why is cotton grown as a Kharif crop in India?

T24 502 8
Question 10

(i) (a) Based on the ownership, what type of industry is Visakhapatnam Steel Plant? [2]

(b) What is meant by cooperative sector industry?

(ii) Explain the following terms: [2]

(a) Sericulture

(b) Integrated steel plant

(iii) Give one reason to explain each of the following: [3]

(a) Mini-steel plants help in conservation of coal.

(b) Location of sugar industry is shifting to the southern part of India.

(c) The electronic industry is growing at a fast rate.

(iv) (a) State two conditions that favour the location of cotton textile industry in [3]
Ahmedabad.

(b) State any one advantage of locating Iron and Steel industry at Rourkela.

Question 11

(i) Why is road transport an important means of transport in India? (Any two [2]
reasons)

(ii) Give a reason for each of the following: [2]

(a) Northern plain is best suited for the development of Railways.

(b) Railways are managed completely by the Central Government.

(iii) Mention two advantages and one disadvantage of Inland water transport. [3]

(iv) Why has airway become more popular than other means of transport? (Any three [3]
reasons)

T24 502 9 Turn Over

Question 12

(i) With reference to the picture below, answer the questions that follow: [2]

(a) Which waste management method is depicted here?

(b) State one way in which this method may be implemented at our home.

(ii) Explain how waste accumulation can be harmful. (Any two points) [2]

(iii) Explain how waste generated in following sectors may be made useful. (Give [3]
one example for each)

(a) Household

(b) Industry

(c) Agriculture

(iv) (a) Give two uses of composting. [3]

(b) Why are landfills set up far away from the city? (Any two reasons)

T24 502 10
Question No. 2
Index No.……………………………………………. UID……………………………..
(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers)
Outline Map of India for Question 2.

ONLY FOR THE EXAMINER

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) Total

T24 502 11
 GEOGRAPHY
(H.C.G. PAPER – 2)

Maximum Marks: 80

Time allowed: Two hours

Answers to this paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately.

You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.

This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.

The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.

A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.

The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

To be supplied with this paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7.
Note:

(i) In all map work, make wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map.

(ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 must not be taken out of the
examination hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on completion of
the paper.

(iii) The map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after marking, must
be fastened to your answer booklet.

(iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial order.

(v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet which is
used to answer the rest of the paper.

This paper consists of 9 printed pages with 1 blank page and 1 outline map of India.
T23 502 Turn Over
© Copyright reserved.
 PART I (30 Marks)

(Attempt all questions from this Part.)

Question 1
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the
following questions:
(i) (a) Give the four-figure grid reference for ∆224. [2]

(b) What is the contour interval used in the given map extract?

(ii) (a) Mention two man made features seen in grid square 2706. [2]

(b) Mention two natural features seen in grid square 2905.

(iii) (a) What do you understand by 1:50,000 printed below the map extract? [2]

(b) What is the pattern of drainage seen in the grid square 2505?

(iv) (a) What do you understand by .10r in 2709? [2]

(b) What is the compass direction of Mahudi Nani (2604) from Panswala
(2909)?

(v) Calculate the area in kilometre square of the region enclosed between Easting [2]
26 to 29 and Northing 05 to 11.

Question 2

On the outline map of India provided:

(i) Mark and label the Satpura. [1]

(ii) Shade and label the Gulf of Kutch. [1]

(iii) Mark and label the River Chambal. [1]

(iv) Mark and label Delhi. [1]

(v) Mark and label 80o30’ E longitude. [1]

(vi) Mark and label Jharia coalfield. [1]

T23 502 2
(vii) Mark with arrows and name the Southwest Monsoon winds. [1]

(viii) Mark and label the Karakoram Pass. [1]

(ix) Shade and label a sparsely populated region in Western India. [1]

(x) Shade an area having Alluvial soil. [1]

Question 3

Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10]

(Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)

(i) Which of the following area receives rain from the North East Monsoon?

(a) Konkan coast

(b) Ganga basin

(c) Coromandel coast

(d) Malabar coast

(ii) Which is the most widespread soil of India?

(a) Red soil

(b) Alluvial soil

(c) Laterite soil

(d) Black soil

(iii) Which type of forest is found mostly in the coastal areas of India?

(a) Tropical Evergreen Forest

(b) Tropical Desert Forest

(c) Littoral Forest

(d) Tropical Deciduous Forest

T23 502 3 Turn Over

(iv) Which of the following is a ground water source?

(a) Pond

(b) Lake

(c) Spring

(d) River

(v) Copper is alloyed with Zinc to form:

(a) Stainless steel

(b) Brass

(c) Bronze

(d) Aluminium

(vi) Hirakud dam is based on which of the following rivers?

(a) River Godavari

(b) River Mahanadi

(c) River Krishna

(d) River Narmada

(vii) Which of the following is NOT a problem of Indian agriculture?

(a) Dependence on monsoon

(b) Small land holdings

(c) Two main cropping seasons

(d) Use of traditional methods of farming

(viii) Which of the following is a basic / key industry?

(a) Iron and Steel Industry

(b) Silk Industry

(c) Electronic Industry

(d) Cotton textile Industry

T23 502 4
(ix) Which of the following is a staple food grain of Indians?

(a) Wheat

(b) Rice

(c) Gram

(d) Arhar

(x) Which of the following method of waste disposal is harmful?

(a) Composting

(b) Segregation

(c) Dumping

(d) Vermicomposting

PART II (50 Marks)

(Attempt any five questions from this Part.)

Question 4

(i) Name the seasons of India and mention the duration of each season. [2]

(ii) Why maximum rainfall in India occurs after the summer season? [2]

(iii) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]

(a) The Malabar coast receives heavy rainfall in the month of July but the
Coromandel coast during this time remains comparatively dry.

(b) Punjab receives rainfall in winter season.

(c) Mumbai is warmer than Delhi in the month of December.

T23 502 5 Turn Over

(iv) Study the climate data of Station X and answer the questions that follow: [3]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp
21.0 21.9 24.3 27.2 28.0 26.4 26.1 25.4 26.0 26.0 23.8 21.2
in oC
Rainfall
5.1 2.8 1.2 1.7 3.9 4.6 8.4 11.4 11.9 31.6 34.5 14.8
in cm

(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station X.

(b) Name the wind that brings most of the rainfall to this station.

(c) On which coast of India is Station X located?

Question 5
(i) (a) Mention any two causes of soil erosion in India. [2]

(b) Name two soil conservation methods that may be practised in arid (dry)
regions.

(ii) Mention two characteristics of Black soil. [2]

(iii) Name the soil: [3]

(a) That is found on the summits of Eastern and Western Ghats.

(b) That is suitable for dry farming.

(c) That varies in texture.

(iv) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]

(a) Terrace farming is an ideal soil conservation method for hilly areas.

(b) Khadar soils are preferred over Bhangar soils.

(c) Foothills of Himalayas have been affected by soil erosion.

Question 6
(i) State two ways in which forests help in protecting the environment. [2]

(ii) Mention two ways in which Tropical Desert vegetation has adapted to its [2]
environment.

T23 502 6
(iii) (a) In which natural vegetation belt is Sundari tree found? [3]

(b) Why is the Tropical Deciduous Forest commercially the most exploited
forest belt of India? (Two points)

(iv) (a) Name one region in India where Tropical Evergreen Forest is found. [3]

(b) Mention the temperature and rainfall conditions found suitable for its
growth.

Question 7

(i) Give a reason for each of the following: [2]

(a) Agriculture sector in India needs the support of irrigation.

(b) Well irrigation is a popular means of irrigation in Northern India.

(ii) Distinguish between Inundation canal and Perennial canal. [2]

(iii) (a) Where in India is Tank irrigation most widely used? [3]

(b) Give one factor that has led to its popularity in the region mentioned by
you.

(c) Mention one advantage of using tank as a means of irrigation.

(iv) (a) What is Rainwater Harvesting? [3]

(b) Give two ways in which Rainwater Harvesting is important for India.

Question 8

(i) (a) Name the state of India that leads in the production of Manganese. [2]

(b) What is the importance of Manganese for the Iron and Steel industry?

(ii) Why is conventional source of energy not considered an ecofriendly source of [2]
energy?

T23 502 7 Turn Over

(iii) (a) How is Bhakra Nangal dam beneficial for Punjab? [3]

(b) Name two states where coal is mined in abundance.

(c) Mention one advantage of using wind energy.

(iv) Name the following: [3]

(a) A mineral used to generate nuclear energy.

(b) The non-conventional energy source that has the most widespread potential
usage in India.

(c) An offshore oil field of India.

Question 9
(i) Differentiate between Intensive farming and Extensive farming. [2]

(ii) Mention two problems faced by the Indian farmers. [2]

(iii) (a) Give one advantage of transplantation method of sowing rice. [3]

(b) What is ‘Ginning’?

(c) Name any two pulses grown in India.

(iv) (a) What is meant by ‘Retting’? [3]

(b) What kind of soil is required for the cultivation of tea?

(c) Why is pruning necessary for tea plant?

Question 10
(i) How are the industries important for India? (Two points) [2]

(ii) State the difference between Agro based industry and Forest based industry. [2]
Give one example for each type of industry.

T23 502 8
(iii) (a) What has made Mumbai an important centre for cotton textile production? [3]
(Write any two points)

(b) Why are the petrochemical products in great demand?

(iv) (a) Mention two problems faced by the Sugar industry of India. [3]

(b) Where is TATA STEEL located?

(c) Why is the Silk industry losing the market in recent times?

Question 11

(i) Why is it important to have a well developed means of transport in India? [2]

(ii) “Though an expensive mode of transport, Airways is gaining popularity in [2]

India.” Explain giving two reasons.

(iii) (a) Why are South Indian rivers not ideal for inland water transport? [3]

(b) Mention two advantages of waterways.

(iv) (a) Why are roadways considered more important than any other means of [3]
transport?

(b) Mention two advantages of using railways as means of transport.

Question 12

(i) Why should Waste Management be practiced in every school? [2]

(ii) Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of dumping of waste. [2]

(iii) Briefly answer the following: [3]

(a) How is segregation of the waste helpful?

(b) Mention one way in which we can reuse waste.

(c) Mention one benefit of Composting.

(iv) (a) How is recycling of waste helpful? Give an example of recycling of waste. [3]

(b) Mention any one initiative taken by the Government to manage waste.

T23 502 9 Turn Over

Question No. 2
Index No.……………………………………………. UID……………………………..
(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers)
Outline Map of India for Question 2.

ONLY FOR THE EXAMINER

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) Total

T23 502 10
 GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. - Paper – 2
(Two hours)

Answers to this Paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately.
You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Attempt seven questions in all.

Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.
A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

To be supplied with this Paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/10
and 20 cm of twine.
Note:
(i) In all Map Work, make wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map.
(ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/10 must not be taken out of the
examination hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on
completion of the paper.
(iii) The Map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after
marking, must be fastened to your answer booklet.
(iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial
order.
(v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet
which is used to answer the rest of the paper.

This Paper consists of 8 printed pages and 1 outline map.

T20 502 Turn over
© Copyright reserved
 PART I (30 Marks)

Attempt all questions from this Part

Question 1
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45D/10 and answer the following
questions:
(a) (i) Give a six figure grid reference for the spot height .324 in northern part of the [2]
map extract.
(ii) Give a four figure grid reference for open scrub south of Dhad Talao.

(b) (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘Contour interval’? [2]
(ii) What is the contour interval of the sheet provided to you?

(c) What is the area in kilometre square of the region between 06 and 09 Eastings [2]
and 22 and 27 Northings?

(d) What is the significance of the following colours used on the survey map? [2]
(i) Yellow colour.
(ii) Green colour.

(e) What is the compass direction of? [2]

(i) Idarla (0825) from Bhamra (0420).
(ii) Dhana (0623) from Amarapura (0124).

(f) (i) Name the settlement pattern seen in the grid square 0819. [2]
(ii) Name the drainage pattern seen in the grid square 0827.

(g) (i) Name two man made features seen in the grid square 0723. [2]
(ii) Name two natural features seen in the grid square 0218.

(h) (i) What is the black horizontal line drawn between 18 and 19 Northings? [2]
(ii) Name the most important settlement of the region shown on the map extract.

(i) Draw the conventional symbol for each of the following: [2]
(i) Lined perennial well.
(ii) Seasonal tank.

(j) (i) Give one evidence to prove that the regions shown on the map extract receive [2]
scanty rainfall.
(ii) What is .5r in the grid square 0321?

T20 502 2
Question 2
On the outline map of India provided:
(a) Mark and name Nilgiris. [1]

(b) Mark and name Kochi. [1]

(c) Mark and name the Karakoram Pass. [1]

(d) Mark and name 82½oE Longitude. [1]

(e) Shade and name the Coromandel Coastal Plain. [1]

(f) Mark and name the River Brahmaputra. [1]

(g) Mark and name the Gulf of Kutch. [1]

(h) Mark and name the Satpura. [1]

(i) Mark using arrows, the direction of the South West Monsoon wind during summer [1]
over the Arabian Sea and label it.

(j) Shade and label a sparsely populated region in India. [1]

PART II (50 Marks)

Attempt any five questions from this Part

Question 3
(a) (i) Name one state in the north western part of India that receives rainfall during [2]
winter.

(ii) What is the source of this rainfall?

(b) Give a reason for each of the following: [2]

(i) Rainy season in India is after the summer season.

(ii) Tamil Nadu has more rainy months than Kerala, yet, Kerala receives more
rainfall than Tamil Nadu.

(c) (i) What do you understand by the term “Burst of Monsoon”? [3]
Name the state that experiences the “Burst of Monsoon”.

T20 502 3 Turn over

 (ii) Even though India gets abundant rainfall during the rainy season, yet, some
places experience drought. Explain giving suitable examples.

(iii) Why is Shimla colder than Delhi during summer?

(d) Study the climatic data given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]

Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp. in
8.4 11.5 21.6 28.3 35.1 38.5 41.0 38.0 30.8 29.2 15.6 10.2
°C
Rainfall in
1.5 0.9 0.5 – – 12.5 17.8 18.5 12.5 12.5 6.2 2.1
cms.
(i) Calculate the annual range of temperature.

(ii) State whether the station is located in the coastal area or in the continental
interior.

(iii) Name the wind that brings most of the rainfall to this area.

Question 4
(a) (i) Name the parent rock that contributes to the formation of red soil. [2]

(ii) How does this soil get its ‘red’ colour?

(b) Name the following: [2]

(i) a soil that occurs insitu and is good for cotton crop.

(ii) soil that is formed due to high temperature and heavy rainfall.

(c) With reference to Alluvial Soil answer the following: [3]

(i) What are the two types of Alluvial Soil?

(ii) Name an area where Alluvial soil is found.

(iii) Name two crops that grow well in this soil.

(d) (i) Define the term ‘Residual’ soil. [3]

(ii) Name two crops that are grown on laterite soil.

(iii) Name two important agents of soil erosion.

T20 502 4
Question 5
(a) State two ways by which forests help in protecting the environment. [2]

(b) With reference to Tropical Deciduous forests answer the following questions: [2]

(i) Name two states where it is found.

(ii) Name two important trees found in this forest.

(c) Briefly explain the following: [3]

(i) Why are Tropical Evergreen forests called “Evergreen”?

(ii) Why is afforestation essential in the cities that have Iron and Steel industries?

(iii) How do forests act as a source of income for the people.

(d) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) The Tropical Deciduous forest is commercially the most important forest belt
in India.

(ii) Tropical Evergreen forests occur on the windward side of Western Ghats.

(iii) It is very difficult to move through tidal forests.

Question 6
(a) Mention any two methods of recharging ground water aquifers. [2]

(b) (i) Name the most common means of irrigation used in India. [2]

(ii) Give one reason for the popularity of this means of irrigation in our country.

(c) (i) Name two states of India where Canal irrigation is extensively used. [3]

(ii) Name the types of canals used in India.

(iii) Mention one point of difference between the types of canals mentioned by you.

(d) (i) What geographical conditions make irrigation necessary in the country? [3]

(ii) How has irrigation changed the cropping pattern in India?

(iii) Why is there a scarcity of surface water in our country?

T20 502 5 Turn over

Question 7
(a) (i) Why is iron ore called the back bone of our modern industry? [2]

(ii) Mention two uses of iron ore.

(b) Mention one agricultural and one industrial problem solved by the Bhakra [2]
Nangal Dam.

(c) (i) Name the state that is the leading producer of Manganese. [3]

(ii) Name the mineral oil field of India which is the largest producer of Petroleum.

(iii) Mention two advantages of using Geothermal energy over coal.

(d) (i) Mention one disadvantage of using natural gas as a source of power. [3]

(ii) How is the residue from a Bio-gas plant put to use?

(iii) Why is the use of alternative sources of energy becoming essential in modern
time?

Question 8

(a) Mention two points of difference between subsistence farming and commercial [2]
farming.

(b) Explain briefly the following terms: [2]

(i) Ginning.

(ii) Ratooning.

(c) With reference to the wheat crop answer the following questions: [3]

(i) Name the state which is the leading producer of this crop in India.

(ii) Mention the climatic condition found suitable for the cultivation of this crop.

(d) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Cultivation of rice requires flat level land.

(ii) Pulses are important rotation crops.

(iii) Bajra and Jowar are grown as dry crops.

T20 502 6
Question 9
(a) Give two reasons as to why Mumbai has developed into an important cotton textile [2]
centre.

(b) (i) What are Basic Industries? [2]

(ii) Give one example of a Basic Industry in India.

(c) (i) State two problems faced by the Silk Industry of India. [3]

(ii) Mention the most important factor for location of Sugar industries.

(d) Briefly answer the following: [3]

(i) From where does the Rourkela Steel plant obtain its supply of coal?

(ii) From where does the Tata Iron and Steel plant obtain its supply of iron ore?

(iii) Name two cities that are important for the production of Electronics.

Question 10
(a) With reference to Waterways answer the following questions: [2]

(i) Mention two advantages of inland water transport.

(ii) Why is inland water transport not well developed in India?

(b) Even though all means of transport are well developed in India, yet, road transport [2]
remains the most popular means of transport. Justify this statement.

(c) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Roadways is not well developed in North East India.

(ii) Railways are under the public sector.

(iii) A good network of transport is of great help for the development of the
economy.

(d) (i) Give two disadvantages of Airways. [3]

(ii) Why is there an increase of airway traffic in recent years?

T20 502 7 Turn over

Question 11
(a) (i) What do you mean by segregation of waste? [2]

(ii) Why is segregation of waste essential before its disposal?

(b) Why should sewage be treated before disposal? [2]

(c) Briefly answer each of the following: [3]

(i) What is the effect of Waste accumulation on terrestrial life?

(ii) What are the consequences of Water pollution?

(iii) What is the benefit of Composting?

(d) (i) How can recycling of Waste help in reducing waste? [3]
Explain with suitable examples.

(ii) Mention one initiative taken by the Government to manage waste.

(iii) How can you as an individual contribute towards waste management?

T20 502 8
Question No. 2
Index No.……………………………………………. UID……………………………..
(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers)
Map of India for Question 2.

ONLY FOR THE EXAMINER

a b c d e f g h i j Total

T20 502 9
 GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. - Paper – 2
(Two hours)

Answers to this Paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately.
You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Attempt seven questions in all.

Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.
A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

To be supplied with this Paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/10
and 20 cm of twine.
Note:
(i) In all Map Work, make wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map.
(ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/10 must not be taken out of the
examination hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on
completion of the paper.
(iii) The Map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after
marking, must be fastened to your answer booklet.
(iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial
order.
(v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet
which is used to answer the rest of the paper.

This Paper consists of 9 printed pages and 1 outline map.

T19 502 Turn over
© Copyright reserved
 PART I (30 Marks)

Attempt all questions from this Part

Question 1
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45D/10 and answer the following
questions:
(a) (i) Give the six-figure grid reference for the temple that is located to the south [2]
west of Pithapura settlement.

(ii) Give the four-figure grid reference for a settlement where people of the region
meet socially and for trade at least once in a year.

(b) (i) What is the pattern of drainage seen in the grid square 2118? [2]

(ii) What is the pattern of settlement seen in the grid square 1923?

(c) What do each of the two numbers (281 printed in black colour and 20 printed in [2]
red colour) in the grid square 1818 indicate?

(d) (i) Name any two man-made features in grid square 2419. [2]

(ii) Name any two natural features in grid square 2118.

(e) What is the significance of the following? [2]

(i) Fire line in grid square 2417.

(ii) Water body found in grid square 2221.

(f) Calculate the area of the region between 16 and 19 Eastings and 18 and 22 [2]
Northings. Give your answer in kilometre square.

(g) Give a reason for each of the following: [2]

(i) The water in some of the wells in the north west quarter of the map is not fit
for drinking.

(ii) The region near Anadra and Gulabganj has many causeways.

(h) (i) What is the main means of irrigation used by people living in the area shown [2]
on the map?

(ii) What is the main occupation of the people of the region shown on the map?

T19 502 2
(i) Which according to you is the most important settlement? [2]
Give a reason to support your answer.

(j) Name any two means of transport used by the people living in the area shown on [2]
the map extract.

Question 2
On the outline map of India provided:
(a) Shade and label the Gangetic Plain. [1]

(b) Shade and label an area of laterite soil in North India. [1]

(c) Mark and label the Karakoram Mountains. [1]

(d) Mark and name the Palk Strait. [1]

(e) Shade and label the river Cauveri. [1]

(f) Mark and name Mumbai. [1]

(g) Mark and name the Nathu La Pass. [1]

(h) Mark and name Digboi. [1]

(i) Shade and name the Deccan Plateau. [1]

(j) Shade and label the river Jhelum. [1]

PART II (50 Marks)

Attempt any five questions from this Part

Question 3
(a) (i) What type of wind is ‘Monsoon’? What is its direction during summer? [2]

(ii) Mention two characteristics of the Indian monsoon.

(b) With reference to the summer season in India, answer the following questions: [2]

(i) Mention the duration of the summer season in India.

(ii) What is the atmospheric pressure condition during summer season over the
central part of India?

T19 502 3 Turn over

(c) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Goa receives heavier rainfall than Puducherry.

(ii) Mawsynram receives the highest average annual rainfall.

(iii) Mangaluru is cooler than Delhi in summer season.

(d) Study the data of distribution of temperature and rain for Station X and answer the [3]
questions that follow:

Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Temp.
10 11 23 35 39 42 40 33 30 25 13 11
°C
Rainfall
2 1 0 5 15 62 71 81 59 12 10 3
Cm

(i) Is Station X in the coastal area or in the interior of the country?

(ii) Calculate the total annual rainfall for Station X.

(iii) Name the wind that brings most of the rainfall to Station X.

Question 4

(a) (i) Name the Indian soil which is formed due to the weathering of basic igneous [2]
rocks.

(ii) Name two states of India where this type of soil is found.

(b) Name the following: [2]

(i) An important transported soil of India.

(ii) Soil that is rich in iron oxide.

(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Terrace farming is an ideal soil conservation method for hilly regions.

(ii) Dry farming is preferred in areas with red soil.

(iii) Wind is a common agent of soil erosion in arid regions.

T19 502 4
(d) Briefly answer the following: [3]

(i) Mention one way in which man is responsible for soil erosion.

(ii) How can deepening of the river bed help in preventing soil erosion?

(iii) Mention a physical characteristic of Laterite soil.

Question 5
(a) Give two reasons to explain as to why we need to conserve our forest resource. [2]

(b) (i) Mention two conditions required for the growth of Littoral Forest. [2]

(ii) State one characteristic feature of the forest found in the Nilgiri Hills.

(c) (i) Give two reasons to explain as to why the Tropical Evergreen Forests are [3]
difficult to exploit for commercial purpose.

(ii) Name any two trees found in Tropical Evergreen forests.

(d) Briefly explain each of the following: [3]

(i) The trees in the Tropical Desert Forest have stunted growth.

(ii) There is a gradual increase in the forest cover in India in recent times.

(iii) The trees in Monsoon Deciduous forests, shed their leaves for about 6-8 weeks
during March and April.

Question 6
(a) “The modern means of irrigation are gaining popularity.” [2]
Give two reasons to justify this statement.

(b) Mention two factors that favour the development of tube well irrigation in Punjab. [2]

(c) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Most of the South Indian states are not suitable for development of canal
irrigation.

(ii) There is an urgent need for water conservation in India.

(iii) Development of irrigation is essential for the growth of the agriculture sector
of India.

T19 502 5 Turn over

(d) Briefly explain the following terms: [3]

(i) Inundation canal.

(ii) Rooftop rainwater harvesting.

(iii) Surface water.

Question 7
(a) Give two advantages of using bio-gas as a source of power. [2]

(b) Name the following: [2]

(i) A metallic mineral for which the Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh is
famous.

(ii) The multi-purpose project based on the River Sutlej.

(c) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Odisha has benefitted greatly from the Hirakud project.

(ii) Copper is used to make electric wires.

(iii) India’s location is advantageous for the generation of solar power.

(d) Briefly answer the following: [3]

(i) Name a mineral used to generate nuclear power.

(ii) Why is petroleum often referred to as “liquid gold”?

(iii) State one disadvantage of using coal as a source of power.

Question 8
(a) Mention two steps taken by the government to boost agricultural production in [2]
India.

(b) (i) Name two varieties of millet grown in India. [2]

(ii) What is the soil requirement for growing millet?

T19 502 6
(c) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]

(i) Mention the climatic condition that is suitable for the cultivation of this crop.

(ii) Name the state that produces the largest amount of this crop.

(iii) In which cropping season is this crop grown in India?

(d) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Cultivation of wheat is confined to the northern part of India.

(ii) Practicing mixed farming gives security to farmers.

(iii) Ratoon cropping is gaining popularity among sugarcane cultivators.

Question 9
(a) Where do the following iron and steel plants get their supply of iron ore from? [2]

(i) Bhilai Iron and Steel Plant.

(ii) Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant.

(b) ‘Karnataka has developed as an important state for the growth of the Silk industry.’ [2]
Give two reasons to justify the statement.

(c) With reference to sugar industries answer the following questions: [3]

(i) Why should these industries be located close to the sugarcane growing areas?

(ii) Name two by-products of the sugar industry.

(iii) Mention one leading sugar producing state in North India and one in South
India.

T19 502 7 Turn over

(d) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Ahmedabad is an important cotton textile producing centre in India.

(ii) Cottage industries are significant for our economy

(iii) Petrochemical industries are usually located close to the oil refineries.

Question 10
(a) “Roadways are an important means of transport in India”. [2]
Give two reasons to justify the statement.

(b) (i) Why are South Indian rivers not ideal for the inland water transport? [2]

(ii) Mention one advantage of coastal shipping.

(c) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Nearly seventy percent of Indians do not use air transport.

(ii) A well-developed transport network is important for industrial growth.

(iii) Water transport is not as popular as land transport in India.

(d) (i) “The railway is an important means of transport as compared to airways.” [3]
State two reasons to support the statement.

(ii) Mention one disadvantage of rail transport.

Question 11
(a) What impact does the waste accumulation have on the following? [2]

(i) Quality of air around us.

(ii) Quality of water around us.

(b) Mention two ways in which the decomposition of waste in open areas can affect [2]
human health.

(c) (i) What can an individual do to reduce waste at home? [3]

(ii) Why must segregation of waste be done before disposal?

(iii) How has composting proven to be a great help in managing waste?

T19 502 8
(d) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Trees must be planted in the industrial areas.

(ii) Chemical fertilizers must be replaced by organic manure.

(iii) Plastic and polythene products must be banned.

T19 502 9 Turn over

Question No. 2
Index No.……………………………………………. UID……………………………..
(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers)
Map of India for Question 2.

ONLY FOR THE EXAMINER

a b c d e f g h i j Total

T19 502 10
 GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. - Paper – 2
(Two hours)

Answers to this Paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately.
You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Attempt seven questions in all.

Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.
A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

To be supplied with this Paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/7
and 20 cm of twine.
Note:
(i) In all Map Work, make wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map.
(ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/7 must not be taken out of the
examination hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on
completion of the paper.
(iii) The Map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after
marking, must be fastened to your answer booklet.
(iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial
order.
(v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet
which is used to answer the rest of the paper.

This Paper consists of 7 printed pages and 1 outline map.

T18 502 Turn over
© Copyright reserved
 PART I (30 Marks)
Attempt all questions from this Part
Question 1
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45D/7 and answer the following
questions:
(a) Give the six figure grid reference for: [2]
(i) ∆ 268
(ii) Temple south east of Khara

(b) Name the following: [2]

(i) The drainage pattern seen in 9185.
(ii) The pattern of settlement seen in 9787.

(c) What do the following symbols mean? [2]

(i) 3r in 9089.
(ii) 200 in 9383.

(d) Name two types of vegetation found in the region east of easting 93. [2]

(e) Give two evidences which suggest that the rainfall received in the region shown [2]
on the map extract is seasonal.

(f) Calculate the area of the region between 85 – 90 northing and 90 – 95 easting. [2]
Give your answer in kilometer.

(g) Mention any two manmade features and two natural features in grid square 9080. [2]

(h) What is the direct distance in kilometers between the surveyed tree west of [2]
Rampura (9580) to the chhatri in Juvol (9282)?

(i) Mention: [2]

(i) The most commonly used means of transport in the area shown on the map
extract.
(ii) The main occupation of the people of the region in the south eastern part of
the map extract.
(j) (i) What is the compass direction of Rampura (9580) from Karja (9781)? [2]
(ii) Identify the landform marked by contours in 9782.

T18 502 2
Question 2

On the outline map of India provided:

(a) Shade and label Thar desert. [1]

(b) Label the river Narmada. [1]

(c) Shade and name the Wular lake. [1]

(d) Shade and label Kanara coast. [1]

(e) Mark and name Mount Kanchenjunga. [1]

(f) Shade and label a densely-populated region in India. [1]

(g) Shade and label a region with Red soil in India. [1]

(h) Mark with a dot and name Chennai. [1]

(i) Mark and label the Arabian Sea branch of S.W. Monsoon. [1]

(j) Mark with a dot and name Singhbhum. [1]

PART II (50 Marks)

Attempt any five questions from this Part

Question 3
(a) How is the winter rainfall of the northwest part of India different from the winter [2]
rainfall of the southeast part of India?

(b) (i) Name a state that is the first to experience the onset of the monsoon. [2]

(ii) How does the “Mango shower” influence the state of Karnataka?

(c) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Kanyakumari experiences equable climate.

(ii) Central Maharashtra gets less rainfall than the coastal area of Maharashtra.

(iii) Jaipur has a higher annual range of temperature than Mumbai.

(d) Write three differences between summer monsoon season and retreating monsoon [3]
season.
T18 502 3 Turn over
Question 4
(a) (i) Why does alluvial soil differ in texture? [2]

(ii) State two cash crops that grow well in alluvial soil.

(b) With reference to black soil answer the following: [2]

(i) Name one important crop which grows in this soil.

(ii) Give one chemical property of this soil.

(c) Give one geographical reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Red soil requires irrigation.

(ii) Afforestation prevents soil from getting eroded.

(iii) Laterite soil is red in colour.

(d) (i) What is soil erosion? [3]

(ii) Mention two causes of soil erosion in India.

Question 5
(a) (i) Name an area in India where Tropical Monsoon forest is found. [2]

(ii) How is this forest of great commercial value to India?

(b) With reference to Littoral forest, answer the following questions: [2]

(i) Why do the trees in this forest grow aerial roots?

(ii) Name one area in India where this forest is found.

(c) (i) Name a state in India where thorn and scrub forest is found. [3]

(ii) Give two ways by which the trees that are found here have adapted to the
climate.

(d) (i) Give two ways in which forests are important. [3]

(ii) Mention one forest conservation method followed in India.

T18 502 4
Question 6
(a) There is plenty of rain in India during the rainy season, yet we need irrigation. [2]
Give two reasons to support this statement.

(b) (i) Name three traditional means of irrigation. [2]

(ii) Give a reason why traditional means of irrigation are still important in
most parts of India.

(c) (i) Differentiate between Surface water and Ground water. [3]

(ii) Mention two reasons to explain as to why we are facing water scarcity in
recent times.

(d) (i) What is rain water harvesting? [3]

(ii) What are the advantages of rain water harvesting?

(iii) Name two water harvesting systems practised in India.

Question 7

(a) Give two advantages that non-conventional energy sources have over conventional [2]
energy sources.

(b) (i) Mention one advantage of the use of natural gas over coal or petroleum. [2]

(ii) Name one off shore oil field of India.

(c) Answer the following: [3]

(i) State one industrial use of copper.

(ii) Mention one advantage of generating power from bio-gas.

(iii) Name the mineral that toughens steel and makes it rust-proof.

(d) (i) Name the metal obtained from Bauxite. [3]

Give any one use of the metal mentioned by you.

(ii) Which multi-purpose project provides power to both Punjab and Himachal
Pradesh?

T18 502 5 Turn over

Question 8
(a) With reference to the cultivation of tea answer the following: [2]

(i) Why is tea grown on hill slopes?

(ii) Why tea bushes have to be pruned at regular intervals?

(b) With reference to rice cultivation answer the following: [2]

(i) Why does the cultivation of rice require a lot of manual labour?

(ii) Mention two geographical conditions which suit the cultivation of rice.

(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Cotton is a labour intensive crop.

(ii) Jute is retted after it has been harvested.

(iii) The growing of pulses is important in India.

(d) (i) Why is agriculture important in India? [3]

(ii) Name the two main agricultural seasons of India.

(iii) What is mixed farming?

Question 9
(a) (i) Name the private sector iron and steel plant of India. [2]

(ii) From where does it get its supply of:

1. Iron ore

2. Manganese

3. Coal?

(b) Mention any two problems faced by the cotton textile industry of India. [2]

(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]

(i) Silk industry is doing particularly well in Karnataka.
(ii) Petrochemical products are gaining popularity in modern times.
(iii) The electronics industry is proving to be an asset for our country in the field
of education.

T18 502 6
(d) Name the following: [3]
(i) A city most famous for electronics and hence called “The Electronics Capital
of India”.

(ii) The location of an iron and steel industry set up with German collaboration.

(iii) A by-product of sugar industry which is used in the manufacture of wax and
shoe polish.

Question 10
(a) Give two reasons for the “means of transport” being called the lifelines of a [2]
nation’s economy.

(b) Give two ways in which rail transport is useful for the people of India. [2]

(c) (i) State one advantage of inland waterways. [3]

(ii) State one advantage of roadways.

(iii) State one disadvantage of water transport.

(d) Give three reasons as to why airways are becoming a popular means of transport [3]
in modern India.

Question 11
(a) Give two reasons as to why there is a need for safe waste disposal. [2]

(b) How can waste be reused? Explain with the help of an example. [2]

(c) Mention one way in which waste accumulation has an effect on the following: [3]
(i) aquatic life
(ii) terrestrial life
(iii) landscape

(d) What do you mean by the following terms? [3]

(i) Segregation.
(ii) Composting.
(iii) Dumping.

T18 502 7 Turn over

Index No.……………………………………… UID………………………………….
(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers)
Map of India for Question 2.

ONLY FOR THE EXAMINER

a b c d e f g h i j

T18 502 8
 GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. - Paper – 2
(Two hours)

Answers to this Paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately.
You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Attempt seven questions in all.

Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.
A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

To be supplied with this Paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/10
and 20 cm of twine.
Note:
(i) In all Map Work, make wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map.
(ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/10 must not be taken out of the
examination hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on
completion of the paper.
(iii) The Map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after
marking, must be fastened to your answer booklet.
(iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial
order.
(v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet
which is used to answer the rest of the paper.

This Paper consists of 8 printed pages and 1 outline map.

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© Copyright reserved
 PART I (30 Marks)
Attempt all questions from this Part

Question 1
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45D/10 and answer the
following questions:
(a) Give the six figure grid reference for: [2]
(i) The highest point in this map extract.
(ii) Surveyed tree north of Rampura Khera.
(b) On which bank of Sukli Nadi lies: [2]
(i) Butri
(ii) Padrugarh
(c) Differentiate between the drainage pattern shown in grid square: [2]
(i) 0704
(ii) 0705
(d) The region in this map extract receives seasonal rainfall. Give two reasons for [2]
your answer.
(e) Calculate the distance in km between settlement Bhatana and Makawal along [2]
the cart track.
(f) State the Compass direction of the following: [2]
(i) Dattani from Marol.
(ii) Dhavli from Makawal.
(g) (i) Mention a social activity of people living in Marol. [2]
(ii) What is the main occupation of the people living in this region?
(h) What do you understand by: [2]
(i) The black broken line in 0807
(ii) The vertical black line close to Easting 10
(i) What is the main source of water supply to Bhatana? Give a reason for your [2]
answer
(j) (i) Name one natural feature in the grid square 0905. [2]
(ii) Identify one man made feature in the grid square 1003.

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Question 2

On the outline map of India provided:

(a) Draw and name the Tropic of Cancer. [1]

(b) Label the river Godavari. [1]

(c) Mark and name the Garo Hills. [1]

(d) Mark C on the coal fields in Jharia. [1]

(e) Mark with an arrow and name the NE monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. [1]

(f) Shade and name the Gulf of Kutch. [1]

(g) Shade and name the coastal plain that receives rainfall in October-November. [1]

(h) Mark with a dot and name Delhi. [1]

(i) Shade a region with Black Cotton Soil. [1]

(j) Use an arrow to point at a densely populated state in South India. [1]

PART II (50 Marks)

Attempt any five questions from this Part

Question 3
(a) Mention the four seasons that prevail in India stating the months for each. [2]

(b) State the agricultural benefits derived from: [2]

(i) The Westerly Depressions in Punjab.
(ii) The Kalbaisakhi in Assam.
(c) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]
(i) Kolkata receives heavier rain than Lucknow.
(ii) The Summer Monsoon winds blows over the Arabian Sea from the
SouthWest.
(iii) Thar is a desert.

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(d) Study the climatic data given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]

Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Temp.
12.0 25.5 26.3 27.1 30.0 36.2 36.0 35.9 30.3 28.4 21.0 16.6
°C
Rainfall
1.5 0.1 0.0 1.4 1.1 21.0 25.3 27.2 24.0 9.4 1.5 0.4
cm

(i) What is the annual range temperature of the station?

(ii) What is the total annual rainfall experienced by the station?
(iii) Why would it be correct to presume that the station lies in the interior
and not on the coast?

Question 4
(a) Mention two differences between Alluvial Soil and Black Cotton Soil. [2]
(b) Name an area in India in which each of the following processes take place: [2]
(i) Sheet erosion
(ii) Gully erosion
(c) What is soil conservation? State a method of soil conservation in the: [3]
(i) Arid and Semi-Arid region.
(ii) river valleys prone to flood.
(d) Name the soil which: [3]
(i) is good for cultivation of sugarcane.
(ii) is acidic in nature.
(iii) occurs exsitu.

Question 5
(a) How do trees in the Tropical desert forests adapt themselves to the dry [2]
climate?
(b) Name the tree as per its characteristics given below: [2]
(i) The wood is hard and suitable for ship building.
(ii) The stilt roots are underwater during high tide.
(c) Explain why the forest cover in India is shrinking? [3]

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(d) Name the natural vegetation found in the following regions: [3]
(i) The western slopes of the Western Ghats.
(ii) The Nilgiris.
(iii) Western Rajasthan.

Question 6
(a) Give a reason for the significance of irrigation in: [2]
(i) Punjab.
(ii) Rajasthan.
(b) Name a state where: [2]
(i) Tube wells are common.
(ii) Tank irrigation is popular.
(c) Give one Geographical reason for each of the following: [3]
(i) Sprinkler irrigation is practised in arid and semi-arid regions.
(ii) A tube well should be installed in a fertile and productive region.
(iii) Canal irrigation is more suitable in the Northern Plains.
(d) Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow: [3]

(i) Name the activity shown in the diagram.

(ii) Give two objectives of the activity named in (d) (i).

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Question 7

(a) Give the names of four important types of iron ore found in India. [2]

(b) Name the following: [2]

(i) An offshore oil field in the Gulf of Cambay.

(ii) An oil refinery in Bihar.

(c) (i) Name the state that produces the largest amount of limestone. [3]

(ii) State two uses of limestone.

(d) State an important industrial use of: [3]

(i) Manganese

(ii) Coal

(iii) Aluminium

Question 8

(a) What is Mixed farming? Mention any one benefit of Mixed farming. [2]

(b) Give the Geographical requirements for the cultivation of Sugarcane. [2]

(c) Explain the following terms and name the crop with which each is associated: [3]

(i) Retting

(ii) Ratooning

(iii) Ginning

(d) Give geographical reasons for the following: [3]

(i) Regular pruning is essential for tea bushes.

(ii) Coffee beans are roasted.

(iii) Millets are known as dry crops.

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Question 9
(a) Differentiate between Mineral-based Industry and Agro-based industry [2]
giving one example for each.
(b) ‘Though Uttar Pradesh has the largest number of sugar mills yet [2]
Maharashtra is the largest producer of sugar.’ Give any two reasons to justify
the statement.
(c) Give the geographic term for each of the following: [3]
(i) Non-mulberry silk produced in Madhya Pradesh.
(ii) Rejected cane after crushing.
(iii) The rearing of silk worms to obtain silk.
(d) With reference to the cotton textile industry answer the following questions: [3]
(i) Give two reasons why Mumbai is an important cotton textile industry.
(ii) Mention two more important centres of cotton textile industry in India.

Question 10
(a) ‘The Iron and Steel industry constitutes the backbone of modern industrial [2]
economy.’ Give two reasons to justify the statement.
(b) (i) Name an Iron and Steel Industry set up in Orissa with the help of a famous [2]
German firm.
(ii) From where does the industry named in b (i) get its iron ore and
manganese?
(c) Name a manufacturing centre for each of the following industries: [3]
(i) Aircraft
(ii) HMT
(iii) Railway coaches
(d) Name two products each of the following industries: [3]
(i) petrochemical industry.
(ii) heavy engineering industry.
(iii) electronic industry.

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Question 11

(a) Mention two reasons why more people use railways rather than airways. [2]

(b) Why is inland waterways declining in its importance? Give two reasons for [2]
your answer.

(c) What do you mean by the following: [3]

(i) Sewage.

(ii) Eutrophication.

(iii) Recycling.

(d) ‘Methane is an air pollutant that causes Green House effect.’ Name three [3]
sources of this gas.

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Name………..………………………… Index No.………………… UID………………..
(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers)
Map of India for Question 2.

ONLY FOR THE EXAMINER

a b c d e f g h i j

T17 502 9
 PREFACE

With a growing emphasis on competency-based education globally, the educational landscape in India
has also steered towards high-quality learning experiences that allow learners to incorporate critical
thinking and problem-solving approaches. This approach goes beyond rote memorisation and focuses
on developing the skills and knowledge that students need to apply in their real-world scenarios.
The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), as a national-level progressive
examination board, has taken several steps to infuse competency-based education in CISCE schools
through teacher capacity-building on item development for competency-based assessments and the
incorporation of competency-focused questions at the ICSE and ISC levels from the examination year
2024.
To further facilitate the adoption of competency-based assessment practices in schools and to support
teachers and students towards the preparation for attempting higher-order thinking questions in future
board examinations, Item Banks of Competency-Focused Practice Questions for selected subjects at
the ICSE and ISC levels have been developed. This Item Bank consists of a rich variety of questions,
both objective and subjective in categories, aimed at enhancing the subject-specific critical and
analytical thinking skills of the students.
In this Item Bank, each question is accompanied by the topic and cognitive learning domain/s that it
intends to capture. The cognitive domains reflected in these questions include understanding, analysis,
application, evaluation and creativity, along with some questions of the higher-order recall domain. The
Answer Key at the end presents the possible answers to a given question, but it is neither limiting nor
exhaustive.
These practice questions are also meant to serve as teacher resources for classroom assignments and as
samplers to develop their own repository of competency-focused questions. Apart from offering a good
practice of higher-order thinking skills, engaging with these questions would allow students to gauge
their own subject competencies and use these assessments for learning to develop individual learning
pathways.
During the development of this Item Bank, a large pool of questions was prepared by a team of
experienced CISCE teachers. The questions that were finalised by the internal and external reviewers
as being higher-order competency-focused questions have been collated in this item bank.
I acknowledge and appreciate all the ICSE and the ISC subject matter experts who have contributed to
the development and review of these high-quality competency-focused questions for CISCE students.
We are hopeful that teachers and students will utilise these questions to support their teaching-learning
processes.

October 2024 Dr. Joseph Emmanuel

Chief Executive & Secretary
CISCE
Geography Class X

Table of Contents

[Link] Type of Questions Page No.

I. Mark or label on the Map 2-3

II. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) 3-8

III. Fill in the Blanks 9

IV. Short Answer Questions 10-14

V. Long Answer Questions 15-19

Answer Key 20-24

Mapwork Answers 25

Reference: Map Sheet no. G43S7 26

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 1

Geography Class X

COMPETENCY-FOCUSED PRACTICE QUESTIONS

ICSE - CLASS X

Geography

I: Mark or label on the Map (1 Mark)

[Link] Questions
1. Mark and name a left-bank tributary of the Ganga River that is famous for floods.

2. Mark and name the hill range located between the rivers Narmada and Tapi.

3. Mark and name a river flowing through a rift valley

4.
Mark and name the city through which our standard meridian passes.

5. Mark and name a hill called Blue Mountain.

6. Mark and name a coast getting rain in retreating monsoon time.

7. Mark and name the peak shared by Nepal and India.

8. Mark and name a river called the Sorrow of Bengal.

9. Mark and name the latitude marking the northern limit of the sun’s apparent movement.

10. Mark and name the commercial capital of India.

11. Mark and name the Gulf between India and Sri Lanka.

12. Mark and name the wind bringing rain in winter in northern India.

13. Mark and name a river port.

14. Mark and label an area with laterite soil.

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 2

Geography Class X

15. Mark and label the direction of S-W Monsoon wind.

16. Mark and label an area with a dense population.

II: Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark)

[Link] Questions
17. [Water Resources]
Namami Gange Yojna focuses on
(a) abatement of pollution in river Ganga
(b) abatement of pollution in river Ganga and its conservation
(c) abatement of pollution in river Ganga, its conservation and rejuvenation
(d) afforestation and reafforestation, water conservation and soil conservation
[Understanding]

18. [Agriculture]
Its fibre is 100% bio-degradable and environmentally friendly. It has low pesticide and
fertiliser need. It is widely used in agricultural commodity bulk packaging. It is mostly
cultivated in the delta region of West Bengal and Bangladesh.
Identify the fibre.
(a) jute
(b) cotton
(c) bamboo
(d) coconut [Recall]

19. [Manufacturing Industries]

Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant [VISL] was started as the Mysore Iron Works on 18
January 1923 by Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar and his Diwan Sir M Visvesvaraya. It is
now an integrated steel plant under the jurisdiction of the Steel Authority of India
Limited.
Source: [Link]
With reference to the above explanation, under which category does VISL belong to?
(a) Private Sector Industry
(b) Public Sector Industry
(c) Joint Sector Industry
(d) Co-operative Sector Industry [Understanding & Application]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 3

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
20. [Manufacturing Industries]
Read the two statements given below and select the correct option.
S1: The state of Maharashtra is emerging as the largest sugar-producing state in India.
S2: The black soil of Maharashtra is more fertile and well-drained.
(a) S1 is true but S2 is false.
(b) S2 is true but S1 is false.
(c) S2 is a contributing factor to S1.
(d) S1 and S2 are independent of each other. [Understanding]

21. [Soil Resources]

Every year, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra bring millions of tons of silt into the plains
of Bangladesh. They carve new courses every year. As a result, islands are created which
last until they are washed away by fresh floods. These islands are locally known as chars.

Which of the following is the primary benefit provided by the chars for the local
community?
(a) rocky plains for smooth mobility.
(b) fertile soil for subsistence farming.
(c) the protection from man-eating tigers of nearby Sundarbans.
(d) deposition of mineral resources from the Himalayas, such as precious stones.
[Understanding]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 4

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
22. [Transport]
River Rafting is journeying on a torrential river on an inflatable rubber boat. Rivers
originating at high altitudes have torrential flow near their source.
Which of the following places would be suitable for river rafting?
(a) Gomti in Lucknow
(b) Hughli in Kolkata
(c) Ganga in Rishikesh
(d) Sabarmati in Ahmedabad [Analysis]

23. [Water Resources]

In certain parts of India, glaciers are the main source of water. The people in these areas
use an innovative water harvesting technique by diverting glacier streams into small
tanks. It is usually done in the evening when the glaciers are relatively melted.
Which of these regions could be practising this?
(a) Khasi and Jantia hills
(b) Ladakh region
(c) Siwaliks hills
(d) Tarai region [Analysis]

24. [Soil Resources]

See the picture alongside, which depicts an environmental disaster. Identify it.

(Source: [Link] )

(a) Soil erosion through landslides.

(b) Soil erosion through an earthquake.
(c) Soil erosion through perennial droughts.
(d) Soil erosion through shifting cultivation. [Analysis]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 5

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
25. [Location, Extent and Physical Features]
Which of the following figures is akin to the landform of the Deccan Plateau?

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

[Application]

26. [Manufacturing Industries]

The state of Arunachal Pradesh wants to encourage cottage industries in the state.
Considering the natural resources and geographical factors of the region such as its high
rainfall and temperate climate, which of these crafts is the best option to pursue?
(a) Ceramic pots and terracotta art
(b) Decorative shell article
(c) Bamboo and cane craft
(d) Brass metal craft [Analysis]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 6

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
Shown below is the census report on improvement in the housing areas, household
amenities and assets in Assam from 2001 to 2011. Based on the given data, answer
Questions 27 and 28.

27. [Mineral & Energy Resources]

In 2011, the rural households in Assam mostly used one of the following sources of
energy for cooking. Identify it.
(a) Biogas
(b) Kerosene
(c) Firewood
(d) Electricity [Analysis]

28. [Transport]
Which of the following modes of transport dominated rural and urban Assam in 2011?
(a) Cars
(b) Bicycles
(c) Motorcycles
(d) Both cars and bicycles [Analysis]
ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 7
Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
29. [Manufacturing Industries]
Assertion: The government of India is promoting and planning to set up more mini-steel
plants in India.
Reason: Mini-steel plants are dependent on electric power, so they do not cause
pollution.
Based on the given Assertion and Reasoning, select the correct option:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of
the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect. [Analysis]

30. [Transport]
The Prime Minister of India inaugurated the newly constructed road between Bangalore
and Mysore on March 12, 2023. It is 119km long, 10 lanes, elevated, access-controlled
road. This road is meant to facilitate fast-moving traffic between Bangalore and Mysore.
Under which of the following categories does this road belong?
(a) State highway.
(b) Expressway
(c) District road
(d) None of the above [Application]

31. [Transport]
Assertion: Helicopters are extensively used for rescue operations during natural
calamities.
Reason: Helicopters can hover, land in tight spaces, and conduct vertical take-offs and
landings.
Based on the given Assertion and Reasoning, select the correct option:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of
the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect. [Analysis]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 8

Geography Class X

III: Fill in the blank (1 Mark)

[Link] Questions
32. [Manufacturing Industries]
The leading producer of copper in India is ____. [Recall]

33. [Natural Vegetation]

The temperate forest in the Nilgiri, Anaimalai and Palani hills are known as _______.
[Recall]

34. [Natural Vegetation]

A majority of Indian farmers are smallholders who cannot afford inputs like fertilisers
and pesticides. They therefore practice ____________ farming. [Understanding]

35. [Agriculture]
________ are called dry crops as they survive in less water. [Understanding]

36. [Natural Vegetation]

_______ vegetation belt consists of trees like shisham, sandalwood and teak.
[Understanding & Recall]

37. [Soil Resources]

Shelter belts are created to protect soil against ______ erosion. [Recall]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 9

Geography Class X

IV: Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)

[Link] Questions
38. [Manufacturing Industries]
Study the images given below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Which textile industry is associated with the given images?

(b) Name the state where this industry is thriving. [Analysis]

39. [Interpretation of Topographical Maps]

Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.
Why are covered tanks found in many places of the map extract? Give two reasons.
[Understanding]

40. [Interpretation of Topographical Maps]

Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.
Why does most of the area have cart tracks? [Analysis]

41. [Interpretation of Topographical Maps]

Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.
How much time shall be taken for a person if he is moving from Northings 85 to 94 in a
straight line at a speed of 1 km per hour? [Application]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 10

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
42. [Interpretation of Topographical Maps]
Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.
Name the most important occupation of the people living in this area, giving a reason
for the same. [Understanding]
43.
[Water Resources]
India has had a history of famines because of rainfed agriculture and rapid population
growth. After the era of the Green Revolution that began in the 1960s, India never
experienced a famine-like situation; it did, however, experience a drought of the century
in 1987. Northern states (Punjab, Haryana and western UP) with a high level of irrigation
are contributing almost all of wheat and two-thirds of rice to the central pool of India.
Source: Hira, G.S., Water Management in Northern States and the Food Security of
India, Journal of Crop Improvement.
(a) Mention any two methods of irrigation commonly practised in the Northern Plains of
India.
(b) For each method mentioned, state why it is popular here. [Understanding]

44. [Water Resources]

(a) Identify the method of irrigation depicted in the picture.

(b) Why is it so named? [Recall & Application]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 11

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
45. [Agriculture]

(a) Name the method by which the paddy is being sown in the picture above.
(b) Give two reasons to explain why this method of rice cultivation is restricted only to
the prosperous farmers of the country. [Understanding & Application]

46. [Agriculture]
The global food system is facing immense challenges in the 21st century with climate
change, population growth and malnutrition. Recognising the potential of millets in
addressing current global challenges, the United Nations General Assembly declared
2023 as the International Year of Millets. This global campaign is designed to raise
awareness about the benefits of millet and encourage actions to increase their production,
consumption, and utilisation.
Source: International Journal of Plant & Soil Science- Volume 35, Issue 18, Page 1860-
1871, 2023.
State two ways in which the cultivation of millets can help promote sustainable
agriculture. [Understanding & Analysis]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 12

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
47. [Agriculture]
“A small sugarcane farmer in western Uttar Pradesh, Shri Raghuvir Singh, is getting on
with age and is thinking of selling his land and moving out of farming. He has two sons,
both graduates and working in Gurgaon. He did not make his sons farmers because
farming is hard work and is non-profitable. This is the story of most farmers in India.
Wealth and security of the country comes from its land, and hence, what is needed is
sustainable and high productivity agriculture.”
Source: Chaudhuri, Sriroop, et al. "Land degradation–desertification in relation to
farming practices in India: An overview of current practices and agro-policy
perspectives." Sustainability 15.8 (2023)
(a) High productivity in agriculture will help boost our country's industrial sector.
Explain.
(b) Enumerate two major problems encountered by a majority of India’s farming
community. [Understanding & Analysis]

48. [Transport]
“Road transport is the primary means of transport in India”. Explain the statement by
mentioning two suitable advantages of road transport. [Analysis]

49. [Mineral and Energy Resources]

How do manganese and copper differ in nature, even though both are metallic minerals?
[Understanding]

50. [Mineral and Energy Resources]

Manganese is roughly similar to iron's physical and chemical properties but is harder and
more brittle.
Based on the properties of manganese mentioned in the above statement:
(a) In which industry is this mineral widely used?
(b) What is its role in that industry? [Understanding]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 13

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
51. [Mineral and Energy Resources]

(a) What does “CNG” seen in the above picture mean?

(b) Give a reason why “CNG” is being used in auto rickshaws these days.
[Understanding & Analysis]

52. [Interpretation of Topographical Maps]

Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.
What does “dep” signify in grid square 3390? Name the agent responsible for it.
[Recall & Understanding]

53. [Interpretation of Topographical Maps]

Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.
Mention two reasons that have led to the development of Dantiwada as the largest
settlement in the given map. [Understanding & Analysis]

54. [Climate]
“Heatwave days highest in April in 15 years in Gangetic West Bengal.”
Source: IMD
Mention two probable reasons for the above statement. [Analysis]

55. [Climate]
Give reasons:
(a) Rituja frequently travels between Bengaluru and Chennai and notices that the number
of wet days is higher in Chennai than in Bengaluru.
(b) The number of tropical cyclones experienced in the Bay of Bengal is more than in
the Arabian Sea. [Analysis & Application]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 14

Geography Class X

V: Long Answer Questions (3 Marks)

[Link] Questions
56. [Manufacturing Industries]
Give a reason for each of the following.
(a) Electronic industries are crucial for India's economic development.
(b) Mini-steel plants do not have location preferences.
(c) Bengaluru has many IT industries. [Understanding & Analysis]

57. [Manufacturing Industries]

Rajesh is a class X student, working on a project for school. He has a section on by-
products and includes a write-up on shoe polish.
(a) Which industry is he writing about?
(b) Name any two by-products of the industry that he is writing about.
[Recall & Application]

58. [Transport]
India has a long coastline of 5,560 kms., having access to the sea on three sides with 11
major and 168 minor/intermediate ports. India lies in geographical proximity to
important shipping routes, which gives a natural advantage to the country's shipping.
Source- Directorate General of Shipping, Government of India.
(a) Name the means of transport developed due to the above-mentioned geographical
feature of India.
(b) State any two advantages of the means of transport you mentioned.
[Understanding & Application]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 15

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
59. [Transport]
Study the given map and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the highway project shown on the given map.

(b) State any two economic benefits of this project. [Analysis]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 16

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
60. [Climate]
Study the picture given below and answer the following questions:

(a) State whether the above station experiences a maritime or a continental climate. Give
a reason for your answer.
(b) Name the winds which bring rainfall to the station.
(c) Name a probable station experiencing such climatic conditions.
[Understanding & Analysis]

61. [Waste Management]

Although landfills are the cheapest waste management strategy, they are often touted as
harmful to the environment.
Name any three ways by which landfills cause harm to our environment. [Analysis]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 17

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
62. [Waste Management]

Above are the two pictures of an efficient waste reduction and waste management
system.
(a) Note the pictures carefully to mention the difference between the two.
(b) What additional advantages does the waste management seen in the picture on the
left have over the waste management seen in the picture to the right? [Analysis]

63. [Natural Vegetation]

In many parts of the world, man has disturbed the ecological balance. The factors
responsible are deprivation of natural habitat and discriminate killing and hunting of
animals. Many birds and animals face the danger of extinction today. Many programs
like social forestry and Van Mahotasava should be popularised at regional and
community levels. This will increase awareness.
(a) State the human activities responsible for the loss of forest.
(b) How do Van Mahotsava and social forestry help restore ecological balance?
[Understanding & Analysis]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 18

Geography Class X

[Link] Questions
64. [Soil Resources]

(a) Name the agent responsible for the erosion seen in the picture.
(b) What may be done to restore the soil in such areas? [Understanding]

65. [Water Resources]

Answer the following:
(a) Name two major eutrophication-causing nutrients.
(b) Based on your answer, how do these nutrients cause eutrophication in water
bodies? [Understanding & Analysis]

66. [Water Resources]

When mixed in water, DDT accumulates in the cells of various aquatic organisms. Small
fish consume zooplanktons that have DDT in them. Larger fish that consume small fish
also consume DDT, and its concentration moves up the food chain.
(a) Based on the example given above, identify and name the process.
(b) How do they adversely affect human health? [Understanding & Analysis]

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 19

Geography Class X

Answer Key

[Link] Answers
Mapwork for Questions 1-15 is provided at the end of the Answer Key

1. Kosi

2. Satpura

3. Narmada

4. Prayagraj

5. Nilgiri

6. Coromandel

7. Kanchenjunga

8. Damodar

9. Tropic of Cancer

10. Mumbai

11. Gulf of Mannar

12. Western disturbance

13. Kolkata

14. Summit of eastern ghats/western ghats

15. S W Monsoon

16. (South) Kerala; (North)Uttar Pradesh

17. (c) abatement of pollution in river Ganga, its conservation and rejuvenation

18. (a) jute

19. (b) Public Sector Industry

20. (c) 2 is a contributing factor to S1.

21. (b) fertile soil for subsistence farming.

22. (c) Ganga in Rishikesh

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 20

Geography Class X

[Link] Answers
23. (b) Ladakh region

24. (a) Soil erosion through landslides.

25. (d)

26. (c) bamboo and cane craft

27. (c) Firewood

28. (b) Bicycles

29. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.

30. (a) Expressway

31. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.

32. Madhya Pradesh

33. Sholas

34. subsistence

35. Millets

36. Tropical monsoon

37. wind

38. (a) Silk Industries

(b) Karnataka

39. To preserve water from evaporation and contamination.

40. It is an undeveloped village area with agriculture as the main occupation.

There is no developed industry.
Lack of infrastructure development.

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 21

Geography Class X

[Link] Answers
41. 10 hours

42. Agriculture.
Most of the area is yellow, and yellow shows the cultivated area.

43. • Canals: Presence of perennial rivers

• Well: Presence of underground water in plenty

44. Drip irrigation

Water reaches the roots drop by drop, and so it is called drip irrigation

45. Transplantation
This method requires the application of fertilisers and irrigation facilities, thus making
it expensive.

46. • Income to farmers

• Export earner
• Adds to national income
(Elaborate in a line on any two)

47. (a) The agriculture sector provides raw materials to agro-based industries.
(b) Soil erosion, irrigation facility is not sufficient, poor-quality seeds, small land
holdings.

48. • Roads link every nook and corner of the country.

• The cost of road construction is lower than that of railways.
• Roads can be constructed in difficult terrain, too.
• Roads offer door-to-door service.
• Transport of goods is safer by road transport as pilferage is minimised.
• Road transport supplements other forms of transport

49. Manganese is a ferrous mineral and is heavy and bulky, whereas copper is a non-ferrous
mineral and is lighter than manganese.

50. (a) Iron and Steel industry.

(b) Manganese is a ferroalloy used to manufacture steel that is rust-proof, stronger and
more durable.

51. (a) “CNG ” is/ means compressed natural gas.

(b) CNG is a clean fuel/ is eco-friendly, and is cheaper than petrol.

52. The depression created by wind erosion

53. Presence of water, cultivable land, transport facility and security.

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 22

Geography Class X

[Link] Answers
54. (a) This is due to the El Nino effect leading to an earlier onset of summer compared to
previous years.
(b) Global warming leads to higher average temperatures, which in turn increases the
likelihood and severity of heat waves.

55. (a) Chennai is near the sea, and Bengaluru is in the interior
(b) The Bay of Bengal is surrounded by land, so heat remains in the area for a longer
time, creating cyclonic conditions.

56. (a) Electronic industries help in the development of education, communication,

transport, defence, etc.
(b) Mini-steel plants use scrap iron and electric furnaces.
(c) Bengaluru has pleasant and comfortable climatic conditions; readily available
infrastructure; availability of skilled workers. (any one)

57. Sugar industries

Molasses, bagasse, and press mud.

58. (a) Water/oceanic transport

(b) Cheapest mode of transport; ideal for bulky and heavy material; fuel efficient and
eco-friendly mode. (any two)

59. (a) Golden Quadrilateral

(b) Connects major cities and ports; provides an impetus to truck transport; enables the
industrial development of the cities and villages enroute; helps in easy movement of
traffic. (any two)

60. (a) Maritime as temperature variation is not much

(b) S W Monsoon
(c) Kochi

61. • Landfill gases such as methane are a major contributor to global warming.
• Most of the waste ending at a landfill site contains toxins. These toxins over a
while seep into the ground and contaminate groundwater in the form of leachate
and contaminate soil.
• Landfill sites produce bad odour.
• They are potential breeding grounds for bacteria, mosquitoes, rats and other
scavengers spreading diseases.
(Any three)

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 23

Geography Class X

[Link] Answers
62. (a) The picture on the left shows traditional composting, and the Picture on the right
shows vermicomposting.
(b) Traditional composting uses agricultural, garden, and kitchen wastes as well as dung
for animals. Vermicomposting makes use of earthworms/worms in the compost.

63. (a) Deforestation

(b) Growing trees by celebrating Van Mahotsav yearly has increased green cover over
time. Social forestry has reduced man's dependence on natural forests thus preserving
the same.

64. (a) Agent is running water.

(b) Plugging of gullies or growing of trees may be done.

65. (a) Nitrogen and Phosphorous.

(b) Eutrophication occurs when too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorous,
are introduced into water bodies. These nutrients cause excessive algae growth. This
can lead to low oxygen levels in the water and block sunlight needed for plants to
grow. When plants and algae die, they decay, thus causing water pollution. Hence,
the entire aquatic ecosystem gets adversely affected.

66. (a) Biomagnification.

(b) Biomagnification makes humans more prone to cancer, liver failure, respiratory
disorders, heart diseases, and birth defects.

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 24

Geography Class X

Map answers for Questions 1 -15

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 25

Geography Class X

Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.

(Source: [Link] )

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 26

Geography Class X

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 27

 ICSE 2026 EXAMINATION
SPECIMEN QUESTION PAPER

GEOGRAPHY
(H.C.G. PAPER – 2)
Maximum Marks: 80
Time allowed: Two hours
1. Answers to this Paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.
6. A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.
7. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
To be supplied with this Paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and 20 cm of twine.
Note:
(i) In all Map Work, make wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map.
(ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 must not be taken out of the
examination hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on completion of the
paper.
(iii) The Map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after marking, must be
fastened to your answer booklet.
(iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial order.
(v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet which is used to
answer the rest of the paper.

Instruction for the Supervising Examiner

Kindly read aloud the Instructions given above to all the candidates present in the Examination Hall.

T26 502 - SPECIMEN 1 of 13

 NOTE:

The Specimen Question Paper in the subject provides a realistic

format of the Board Examination Question Paper and should be used
as a practice tool. The questions for the Board Examination can be set
from any part of the syllabus. However, the format of the Board
Examination Question Paper will remain the same as that of the
Specimen Question Paper.
 PART I (30 Marks)

(Attempt all questions from this Part.)

Question 1

Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and answer the
following questions:

(i) (a) Identify the conventional symbol found at the six figure reference [2]
of 666364. [Application &
(b) Identify the drainage pattern in the Grid Square 6334. Understanding]

(ii) (a) Calculate the shortest distance in km. from Malgaon to [2]
Mohabbatgarh.

(b) In which direction will Sneha be driving if she is going from [Application]
Mohabbatgarh to Sanwara along the metalled road?

(iii) (a) Write whether the conventional symbol marked as a blue dot in the [2]
Pamera settlement is man-made or natural.

(b) A resident of Malgaon settlement (Grid Square 6131) has to report [Analysis]
a crime at the nearest police station. Which settlement will he be
visiting?

(iv) (a) How do the local people benefit from the causeways seen in this [2]
region? [Application &
(b) Explain why Fire lines are significant from the point of view of Recall]
environment.

(v) (a) Rajiv is travelling from Gulabganj for a visit to the Reserved Forest [2]
near Tarepara Nadi (Grid square 6728). Which two means of
transport he would come across during his journey?

(b) Differentiate between the types of huts in Grid Square 6935 and the
ones found in Grid Square7033.
[Understanding]

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 2 of 13

Question 2
[Recall]
On the outline map of India provided:
(i) Shade and label an area of black soil in Gujarat. [1]

(ii) Mark using a dot and name a major river port of India. [1]

(iii) Shade and label the Deccan plateau of India. [1]

(iv) Mark and label the Palk Strait. [1]

(v) Mark with arrows and name the wind which brings rainfall to the Konkan [1]
coast.

(vi) Shade and label a sparsely populated area in western India. [1]

(vii) Mark and label the hills that are popularly called Blue Mountain. [1]

(viii) Mark and name the river known as the ‘Sorrow of Bengal’. [1]

(ix) Mark and label the Indian Standard Meridian. [1]

(x) Mark and label the Coromandel coast. [1]

Question 3
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10]
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only.)

(i) The Himalayas have a significant impact on the climate of India as they:

(a) block the N.E. monsoon winds.

(b) cause rainfall in the Gangetic plains.

(c) create a rain shadow area in the Deccan plateau.

(d) cause cyclonic disturbance in the Bay of Bengal. [Application]

(ii) Ex-situ soil found in India is __________.

(a) Alluvial soil

(b) Black soil

(c) Laterite soil

(d) Red soil [Recall]

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 3 of 13

(iii) Find the option most similar to:
Teak: Tropical Deciduous Forest

(a) Mahogany: Furniture

(b) Stilted roots: Mangrove Vegetation

(c) Ebony: Tropical Rainforest

(d) Spines: Tropical Desert Vegetation. [Recall]

(iv) Which of the following may be used for the recharging of underground
water?

(a) Planting of shelter belt

(b) Plugging of gullies and ravines

(c) Percolation pit

[Understanding]
(d) Tube-well irrigation

(v) Arrange the following in descending order according to their carbon

content:

(a) Anthracite, Bituminous, Peat, Lignite

(b) Bituminous, Lignite, Anthracite, Peat

(c) Anthracite, Bituminous, Lignite, Peat

[Understanding]
(d) Anthracite, Lignite, Peat, Bituminous

(vi) Assertion (A): Agriculture in India is heavily dependent on monsoon

rains.

Reason (R): Most Indian farmers practice rainfed agriculture and lack
access to irrigation facilities.

(a) (A) is true but (R) is false.

(b) (A) is false but (R) is true.

(c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(d) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of
[Analysis]
(A).

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 4 of 13

(vii) Which crop is associated with Retting?

(a) Sugarcane

(b) Jute

(c) Rice

(d) Cotton [Recall]

(viii) Which steel plant amongst the following does NOT belong to public
sector?

(a) Bhilai

(b) Tata Steel

(c) Vishakhapatnam

(d) Rourkela [Recall]

(ix) If you need to transport perishable goods over a short distance, which
mode of transport will you use and why?

(a) Air transport because it is the fastest.

(b) Road transport as it is economical.

(c) Rail transport as it is ecofriendly.

(d) Water transport as it can handle large amount of goods. [Application]

(x) Which of the following methods of disposal is best applicable for the
waste depicted in the picture below:

(a) Burning waste in an open area

(b) Recycling waste

(c) Dumping

(d) Composting [Application]

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 5 of 13

 PART II (50 Marks)

(Attempt any five questions from this Part.)

Question 4

(i) “The climate in different parts of India is largely impacted by the relief [2]
features”. [Analysis &
Explain the above statement with the help of two suitable examples. Application]

(ii) What is the source of winter rainfall in each of the following areas? [2]

(a) Punjab

(b) Tamil Nadu [Recall]

(iii) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(a) Kerala gets rainfall from the summer monsoons much before Uttar
Pradesh.

(b) Vishakhapatnam records a low annual range of temperature.

(c) Winds are mostly offshore during the cold season. [Analysis]

(iv) Study the climatic data of station X and answer the following questions: [3]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp (oC) 25.0 25.5 26.3 27.1 30.0 36.2 36.0 35.9 30.3 28.4 27.0 24.6
Rainfall
24.5 23.1 15.0 2.4 0.1 11.0 9.3 7.2 4.0 9.4 14.5 20.4
(cm)

(a) Calculate the average temperature of station X for the summer season
[Application]
only.
[Understanding]
(b) Which is the driest month?
[Analysis]
(c) Name the wind that brings maximum rainfall to this station.

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 6 of 13

Question 5

(i) Nathu, a farmer in Bihar, does not get good yields as the soil he tills is [2]
coarse and has fair proportion of kankars. Motilal on the other hand has
his field closer to the river and gets better yields.

(a) Identify the two types of soil being discussed in the above passage.
[Recall &
(b) Give a possible reason why Motilal benefits from having his field Application]
along the river banks.

(ii) With reference to soil erosion in India, answer the following questions. [2]

(a) How does population pressure affect soil erosion?

(b) Mention any two innovative agricultural techniques that can help to
prevent soil erosion. [Application]

(iii) With reference to Red Soil, answer the following: [3]

(a) How is it formed? [Understanding]

(b) Why is it good for Dry Farming? [Application]

(c) Name any two areas where it is found. [Recall]

(iv) Give a reason for the following statements: [3]

(a) Black Soil has self-ploughing property.

(b) Laterite Soil is not suitable for cultivation.

(c) Alluvial soil has varying texture. [Analysis]

Question 6
(i) Mahesh went for an excursion with his friend and came across a marshy [2]
area with trees that had stilt like roots.

(a) Which natural vegetation belt did he come across? [Application]

(b) Name an area in India where this kind of vegetation is found. [Recall]

(ii) (a) How does Social Forestry help to conserve forests? [2]
[Evaluate]
(b) Why are long and deep roots a typical characteristic of desert [Evaluate]
vegetation?

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 7 of 13

(iii) Give three reasons why forest conservation is the need of the hour. [3]
[Analysis]

(iv) (a) Name a forest conservation method that involves the local [3]
community. [Recall]

(b) Which primitive system of agriculture had led to large scale [Recall]
destruction of forest in the past?

(c) Name the process which involves planting two saplings for each tree
[Recall]
that is felled.

Question 7
(i) The need for irrigation in India is to a large extent, influenced by the [2]
rainfall pattern of the country. Explain. [Analysis]

(ii) Why is canal irrigation a more suitable method of irrigation in the [2]
northern plains of India? [Analysis]

(iii) (a) Name a state in India where tube wells are commonly used. [3]
[Analysis]
(b) Give two geographical conditions that favour tube well irrigation in
this state.

(iv) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]

[Understanding
& Recall]

(a) Name the water conservation method shown in the picture.

(b) Mention any two similar water harvesting practices followed in

India.

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 8 of 13

Question 8

(i) There is ample potential of setting up biogas plants in India. The National [2]
Bioenergy Programme has been recommended by the concerned
Ministry, for implementation in two phases. The spread of biogas
technology is a boon for Indian farmers with its direct and guaranteed
benefits. ([Link]

(a) Why do you think generation of biogas can be achieved in every

household of rural India?

(b) Mention two ways in which generation of this form of energy proves [Analysis and
to be a boon for Indian farmers. Evaluate]

(ii) With reference to the picture given below, answer the following: [2]

[Recall &
(a) On which river is it based?
Application]
(b) Name an Indian state benefitted by the project.

(iii) (a) Why is copper an important household mineral? [3]

(b) Name two Indian states where copper is found.

(c) How is distribution of mineral deposits responsible for the [Application &
concentration of industries in the Chhota Nagpur Plateau? Recall]

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 9 of 13

(iv) [3]

(a) Identify the type of energy being harnessed in the above picture.
[Understanding,
(b) Mention why this form of energy is preferred over fossil fuels.
Evaluate &
(c) Why does India stand at an advantage in the production of this type
Application]
of energy.

Question 9
(i) Mention any two agricultural reforms done by the government for the [2]
betterment of the agricultural sector. [Understanding]

(ii) (a) State one point of difference between Rabi and Kharif cropping [2]
seasons. [Analysis &
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of groundnut in India. Recall]

(iii) With reference to cultivation of coffee, answer the following: [3]

(a) Name a state that leads in the production of coffee in India. [Understanding]

(b) Give two geographical conditions present in this state that make it [Recall]
the leading producer.

(c) Other than coffee, name a crop that can also be raised in plantations. [Evaluate]

(iv) Rohan, a farmer, hired some labourers to help him with ‘GINNING’. [3]

(a) Name the crop grown by Rohan. [Application]

(b) Mention any two climatic conditions suitable for this crop. [Recall]

Question 10
(i) Mention any two points of difference between Small scale and Large [2]
scale industry. [Analysis]

(ii) Explain any two ways in which cotton textile industry is important for the [2]
Indian economy. [Understanding]

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 10 of 13

(iii) With reference to the petrochemical industry, answer the following: [3]

(a) State a reason for the growing popularity of this industry in recent
times. [Application]
(b) Why is it located close to oil refineries? [Evaluate]
(c) Name any two petrochemical products. [Recall]

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following: [3]

(a) Sugar production is gradually gaining importance in peninsular

India.

(b) Indian silk products are becoming less popular in the international
market.

(c) The importance of the iron and steel industry will never decline.
[Analysis]

Question 11

(i) Mention any two disadvantages of using waterways. [2]

[Understanding]

(ii) Explain why the Golden Quadrilateral has contributed towards [2]
improvement of the Indian economy? [Understanding]

(iii) (a) “Roadways have an edge over railways in India.” Give reasons to [3]
support your answer.

(b) Air transport is fast but not suitable for all regions and purposes in
India. Give arguments in favour of the statement. [Understanding
(c) Which is the Inland Waterway that connects Prayagraj to Haldia? & Recall]

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(a) At present times, airports are being established even in smaller

towns of India.

(b) Railways are well developed in the northern states of India.

(c) Helicopter services are crucial during emergencies. [Analysis]

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 11 of 13

Question 12

(i) What is the impact of waste generation on the following? [2]

(a) Surface water

(b) Landscape [Understanding]

(ii) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow: [2]
[Analysis]

(a) Name the method of waste disposal seen in the picture.

(b) Why is this method considered a harmful method of waste disposal?

(iii) Fire broke out at the Kochi city waste treatment plant. Thick clouds of [3]
toxic smoke engulfed the city. The waste at the plant also contained
plastic and biomedical wastes, both of which on combustion are
extremely harmful for the general health of people.
— Economic Times, 10.03.2023

(a) Which method of waste management would have helped in

reducing health hazards in the above case? [Analysis]
(b) Mention any one measure you can adopt in schools to reduce waste. [Application]
(c) State one way in which domestic waste can be made useful. [Understanding]

(iv) (a) What is composting? [3]

(b) Enumerate two advantages of composting as a method of waste [Recall &

disposal. Application]

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 12 of 13

Question No. 2
Index No.……………………………………………. UID……………………………..
(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers)
Map of India for Question 2.

ONLY FOR THE EXAMINER

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) Total

T26 502 - SPECIMEN 13 of 13

 ICSE 2026 – SPECIMEN PAPER
DRAFT MARKING SCHEME – GEOGRAPHY (H.C.G. PAPER 2)
Question 1 [10]
(i) (a) Post office
(b) Dendritic
(ii) (a) 3 km - 3.5 km (any answer within this range)
(b) North-east
(iii) (a) Man-made
(b) Pamera
(iv) (a) Causeways are raised roads that help people to cross minor seasonal streams
when they have water during monsoons.
(b) Fire lines prevent forest fires from spreading and help in protection of forest
reserves.
(v) (a) Metalled road and unmetalled road
(b) ● Grid Square 7033: Temporary
● Grid Square 6935: Permanent
Question 2
[10]

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 1 of 7

Question 3 [10]
(i) (b) Causes rainfall in the Gangetic plains
(ii) (a) Alluvial soil
(iii) (c) Ebony: Tropical Rainforest
(iv) (c) Percolation pit
(v) (c) Anthracite, Bituminous, Lignite, Peat
(vi) (c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(vii) (b) Jute
(viii) (b) Tata steel
(ix) (b) Road transport as it is economical.
(x) (b) Recycling waste.

Question 4 [10]
(i) The Arabian Sea branch of the S.W. Monsoons strikes the western side of the
Western Ghats which receives very heavy rainfall being on the windward side
whereas the Deccan Plateau being on the leeward side receives lesser amount of
rainfall. / The Arabian sea branch of the S.W. Monsoon because of the North -
South alignment of the Aravallis runs parallel to it. As a result it doesn’t intercept
and Thar on the western side is a desert./ The moisture laden Bay of Bengal branch
of the S.W. Monsoon winds is trapped in the funnel shaped depression of the Garo
Khasi Jaintia hills. As a result Mawsymnram on the windward side receives the
heaviest rainfall in the world of about 1200 cm while Shillong on the leeward side
receives only around 400cm of rainfall.
(Any two)

(ii) (a) Western disturbances originating in the Mediterranean region/Temperate

cyclones
(b) North-east winter monsoon wind/retreating monsoon.

(iii) (a) Kerala lies in the southwest of the country where the southwest monsoon
wind strikes first. The wind then advances to the north and reaches Uttar
Pradesh.
(b) Visakhapatnam has a coastal location and experiences the moderating
influence of the sea.
(c) Land loses heat fast and high pressure develops over it during the cold season.
The surrounding seas remain warm and have low pressure during this time.
Thus winds blow from land to sea and are offshore.

(iv) (a) 27.8 degrees Celsius

(b) May
(c) N E Monsoon

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 2 of 7

Question 5 [10]
(i) (a) Bhangar and Khadar respectively.
(b) The khadar soil gets replenished every year and is hence more fertile.
(ii) (a) Deforestation / mining / urbanization / industrialization / over grazing.
(b) Crop rotation / contour ploughing / strip cropping / shelter belts
(iii) (a) Erosion and weathering of crystalline metamorphic and igneous rocks.
(b) Porous / cannot hold moisture
(c) Parts of Odisha / Madhya Pradesh / Chhattisgarh / Jharkhand / Tamil Nadu /
Karnataka/ Meghalaya/ Manipur/ Nagaland/ Mizoram
(iv) (a) Black soil hardens and cracks when dry which helps in aeration of the soil
naturally.
(b) Due to leaching, the essential minerals percolate down the soil profile making
the top soil infertile.
(c) The numerous rivers here bring large amounts of sediments and deposit them
to form fertile alluvial plains. In the upper course, the sediments deposited
are coarse and porous. They become progressively finer and compact in the
lower course and in river deltas.

Question 6 [10]
(i) (a) Tidal / Littoral
(b) Delta of R. Ganga in Sundarbans / deltas of R. Godavari / Krishna / Kaveri

(ii) (a) Involves local communities to manage and protect forests / By providing
fuelwood, fodder, timber and other minor forest products to the rural
population it reduces pressure on natural forests. / Educates and raises
awareness amongst local communities about forest conservation / Promotes
forest based local cottage industries with forest based raw materials, thus
increasing employment opportunities and lessen dependence on forests.
(b) To draw water from deep underground as rainfall is scanty here.

(iii) Provides us with oxygen & purifies air / Absorbs carbon dioxide and reduces rate
of global warming / Allows percolation of water and recharges ground water /
Flood control / Habitat for numerous species of plants & animals / roots hold the
soil particles & checks soil erosion / transpiration induces rainfall
(Any three points)

(iv) (a) Social forestry

(b) Jhum cultivation / shifting agriculture / slash & burn method of farming
(c) Reforestation / Afforestation

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 3 of 7

Question 7 [10]
(i) Rainfall is erratic / rainfall is unevenly distributed / rainfall is seasonal / some crops
like rice and sugarcane need more water.
(Any two reasons)

(ii) Because the northern plains have a level topography making it easier to build
canals. There is a presence of many perennial rivers in northern part of India which
make canal irrigation possible and useful.

(iii) (a) Punjab / Haryana / Uttar Pradesh / Bihar / West Bengal

(b) High groundwater table / steady supply of electricity / soft soil / fertile,
productive land that can make this expensive method viable
(Any two)

(iv) (a) Rainwater harvesting

(b) Rooftop rain water harvesting / percolation pit / bore well / dug well /
johad / tankas / percolation tank / recharge pit / Zing
(Any two)

Question 8 [10]
(i) (a) Every rural household generates organic kitchen waste and animal waste
which can be converted into useful biogas.
(b) Generation of biogas produces bio-fertilizer as by-product
It reduces the volume of waste.
It brings about improved hygiene in rural areas.
It is cheap as no raw materials need to be purchased.
(Any two)

(ii) (a) R. Mahanadi

(b) Odisha

(iii) (a) Being malleable, ductile and rust proof it is used to make utensils./ being a
good conductor of electricity, copper wires are commonly used.
(b) Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
(c) Coal and iron ore, both of which are bulky and also useful for making steel,
are found in close vicinity
(Any two)

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 4 of 7

(iv) (a) Solar energy
(b) Clean source of energy
Inexhaustible
Reduces pressure on fossil fuel
Cheaper in the long run (Any one)
(c) India has a tropical location and receives more or less strong rays of the sun
for a large part of the year.

Question 9 [10]
(i) Green Revolution / Use of HYV seeds / development of irrigation facilities / Rural
banks and cooperatives have been set up so that easier for farmers to get loans /
Credit facilities / Mass communication to raise awareness / distribution of
fertilizers & pesticides at subsidized rates
(Any two)

(ii) (a) Rabi: Winter crop / sown in October or November / Harvested in

February or March
Kharif : Summer crop / Sown in May or June / Harvested in September or
October
(b) Gujarat

(iii) (a) Karnataka

(b) Temperature-15-28 degrees Celsius, rainfall-150-250 cm, shade is needed as
it is sensitive to direct sunlight, loamy soil and a sloping land
(c) Tea

(iv) (a) Cotton

(b) Temperature: 20º to 32º C
Rainfall : 50 to 120 cm
At least 200 frost free days
(Any two)

Question 10 [10]
(i) Small scale industries: Less capital investment/ employs less labour / goods
produced are lesser in quantity
Large scale industries: Huge capital investment/ large number of workers/ needs
large area/ production on a large scale.
(Any two)

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 5 of 7

(ii) Gives us valuable foreign exchange / generates employment / helps in the
decentralization of industries / meets high domestic demand of a tropical country
(Any two)

(iii) (a) Cheaper / Durable / Can be manufactured in a short span of time / Attractive
(Any One)
(b) Facilitates easy availability of raw materials / reduces transportation costs
(c) Plastics / Synthetic fibre / Synthetic rubber / PVC pipes. / detergents
(Any two)

(iv) (a) Sugar plantations are well planned and scientifically managed/modern
machineries/use of irrigation facilities/ fertilizers/ managed in the
cooperative sector/ large farm size/longer crushing season/ mills located near
the sugarcane plantations.
(Any One)
(b) High price of Indian silk
(c) Basic industry whose products including machineries are necessary for all
other industries such as railways, roadways, construction purposes,
automobiles, ships, infrastructure etc.

Question 11 [10]
(i) It is a slow means of transport / Can be affected by weather disturbances /
Waterways may not be operational throughout the year / they are operational only
where there are seas, oceans and rivers.
(Any Two)

(ii) It has reduced the time and distance between the cities and ports thereby facilitating
fast movement of people and goods/ Better movement of goods to facilitate truck
movement/ Better job opportunities/ Export of goods via the ports / small towns on
the way have developed into urban centers.
(Any two)

(iii) (a) Roads are cheaper and easier to build.

Suitable for short and medium distances.
Connect rural areas with urban centers.
Flexible and provide door-to-door service.
Complement other modes of transport.
(b) Expensive; limited to urban centers. Not suitable for transporting bulk goods.
(c) National Waterway No. 1

(iv) (a) To encourage air travel for Indians as it saves time / For the growth of smaller
towns and cities / increase job opportunities. (Any one)

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 6 of 7

 (b) Flat plain land / agriculturally productive / high density of population.
(Any one)
(c) Can easily reach remote areas fast/Provides swift medical aid / Helps in the
search and rescue operations / Can airdrop potable water and food packets in
emergencies. (Any one)

Question 12 [10]
(i) (a) Pollution / Death of aquatic animals / eutrophication (Any one)
(b) Spoilage of landscape/ Pollution. (Any one)

(ii) (a) Dumping

(b) Leads to soil pollution/ underground water pollution / spread of diseases /
gives off bad odour / attracts pests and rodents.
(Any two)

(iii) (a) Segregation of plastic and bio-medical wastes.

(b) Reusing/composting/sending waste for recycling/creating awareness
amongst students of all ages/ banning the use of plastics / using biodegradable
products/ promote carpool/ pass down textbooks to junior classes / use old
copies as rough book / any other pertinent point.
(Any one)
(c) Converting old clothes into useful items like doormats, covers, decorative
items etc. / Kitchen waste can be made into compost / Reusing glass bottles,
unused pages of books / any other pertinent point
(Any one)

(iv) (a) Composting is a biological process in which microorganisms convert organic

waste into humus which is a good fertiliser for plants.
(b) The waste is converted into valuable fertilizers / Waste is considerably
reduced / Improves soil texture and fertility / Aids plant growth / Enhances
the water holding capacity of the soil.
(Any two)

T26 502 – SPECIMEN 7 of 7

 ICSE 2024 EXAMINATION

SPECIMEN QUESTION PAPER

GEOGRAPHY
(H.C.G. PAPER – 2)

Maximum Marks: 80

Time allowed: Two hours

Answers to this Paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately.

You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.

This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.

The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.

A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.

The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

To be supplied with this Paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7
and 20 cm of twine.

Note:

(i) In all Map Work, make wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map.

(ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 must not be taken out of the examination
hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on completion of the paper.

(iii) The Map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after marking, must be
fastened to your answer booklet.

(iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial order.

(v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet which is used to
answer the rest of the paper.

T24 502 - SPECIMEN 1 of 10

 PART I (30 Marks)
(Attempt all questions from this Part.)

Question 1
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following
questions:
(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .201 in the eastern part of the map [2]
extract.
(b) What are the brown patches in the northeast quarter of the map extract?
(ii) Mohan goes on a bicycle from 02 northing to 12 northing in a straight line. If he [2]
moves at a speed of 10 kilometers per hour, how much time will he take to reach
his destination?
(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Rampura (2709) to Kotda (3005)? [2]
(b) What is the nature of streams seen in the map extract?
(iv) (a) Ramesh returned to his native place Mahudi Moti (2404) after a gap of ten [2]
years and was happy to see the development around his village. What
according to you show that the area around his village has developed?
(b) What is the black vertical line made between the easting 25 and 26?
(v) Mention two man made and two natural features in the grid square 2508. [2]

Question 2
On the outline map of India provided:
(i) Shade and label an alluvial soil area of India. [1]
(ii) Mark with a dot and name the city which lies on the banks of river Jhelum. [1]
(iii) Mark and name the highest peak of India. [1]
(iv) Shade and label Gulf of Kutch. [1]
(v) Mark with arrow and label N E Monsoon wind. [1]
(vi) Shade and label a densely populated area in South India. [1]
(vii) Mark and label Himalayas. [1]
(viii) Mark and label Brahmaputra. [1]
(ix) Mark and label Tropic of Cancer. [1]
(x) Mark and label Malabar coast. [1]

T24 502 – SPECIMEN 2 of 10

Question 3
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10]
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only.)
(i) Which of the following is the CORRECT set of water bodies from which the
Southwest monsoon picks up moisture?
(a) Arabian sea + Bay of Bengal + Indian Ocean
(b) Indian Ocean + Andaman Sea + Arabian Sea
(c) Bay of Bengal + Indian Ocean + Andaman Sea
(d) Gulf of Mannar + Mediterranean Sea + Indian Ocean
(ii) Feel and consistency of soil is called _________ of the soil.
(a) Profile
(b) Parent rock
(c) Texture
(d) Nature
(iii) Teak and Shisham are the typical trees of which of the following natural vegetation
belt?
(a) Tropical Evergreen
(b) Tropical Monsoon
(c) Tropical Desert
(d) Littoral forest
(iv) Which of the following may be used for the recharging of underground water?
(a) Planting of shelter belt
(b) Gullies and ravines
(c) Percolation pit
(d) Commercial farming
(v) Which type of coal is called an industrial coal?
(a) Peat
(b) Lignite
(c) Bituminous
(d) Anthracite

T24 502 – SPECIMEN 3 of 10

(vi) Maharashtra is the leading producer of which of the following cash crop?

(a) Jute

(b) Cotton

(c) Coffee

(d) Tea

(vii) Which crop is associated with Ratooning?

(a) Sugarcane

(b) Jute

(c) Rice

(d) Cotton

(viii) Which steel plant amongst the following was set up with the collaboration with
Germany?

(a) Bhilai

(b) Tata Steel

(c) Vishakhapatnam

(d) Rourkela

(ix) Which is the busiest artificial port of India?

(a) Goa

(b) Mumbai

(c) Chennai

(d) Vishakhapatnam

(x) What is the depletion of oxygen in a water body resulting from pollution called?

(a) Decay of water

(b) Eutrophication

(c) Bio magnification

(d) Greenhouse effect

T24 502 – SPECIMEN 4 of 10

 PART II (50 Marks)
(Attempt any five questions from this Part.)

Question 4

(i) The southwest monsoon is late this year. The Indian Meteorological Department [2]
(IMD) on Tuesday, May 16, had predicted that the onset of southwest monsoon is
delayed by four days. An agricultural economy, India is heavily reliant on the
monsoon which brings 75 percent of its annual rainfall.
— Indian Express

(a) As a student of Geography, what according to you may be the reason for the
delay of monsoon?

(b) What is the usual time for the onset of summer monsoon in Kerala?

(ii) What is the source of winter rainfall in the following areas? [2]

(a) Punjab

(b) Tamil Nadu

(iii) Give a reason for each of the following: [3]

(a) West Bengal gets rainfall from summer monsoons much before Uttar
Pradesh.

(b) Mawsynram is the rainiest place in the world

(c) Himalayas act as a climate divide

(iv) Study the climatic data of station X and answer the following questions: [3]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp (oC) 23.1 24.8 26.5 29.3 32 32.8 33.1 32.1 30.5 29.3 28.7 26.1
Rainfall
15.3 10.1 0.3 0.1 1.3 4.5 6.1 10.2 10.5 20.1 16.8 19.0
(cm)

(a) What is the annual range of temperature of station X?

(b) Which is the driest month?

(c) Name the wind that brings maximum rainfall to this station.

T24 502 – SPECIMEN 5 of 10

Question 5
(i) Define the following terms: [2]

(a) Soil Fertility

(b) Soil conservation

(ii) With reference to soil erosion in India answer the following questions. [2]

(a) State any two human activities that have led to soil erosion in India.

(b) Mention any two agricultural techniques that can help to prevent soil erosion.

(iii) With reference to Red Soil, answer the following: [3]

(a) How is it formed?

(b) Why is it good for Dry Farming?

(c) Name any two areas where it is found.

(iv) Give a reason for the following statements: [3]

(a) Black Soil has self-ploughing property.

(b) Laterite Soil is not suitable for cultivation.

(c) Alluvial soil is the most fertile soil.

Question 6

(i) Mahesh went for an excursion with his friend and came across a marshy area with [2]
the trees that had stilt like roots.

(a) Which natural vegetation belt did he come across?

(b) Name one area in India where this kind of vegetation is found.

(ii) (a) Why is tropical deciduous forest commercially the most important forest belt [2]
of India?

(b) Why are long and deep roots a typical characteristic of desert vegetation?

(iii) Why is forest conservation the need of the hour? (Three points) [3]

T24 502 – SPECIMEN 6 of 10

(iv) (a) Name a forest conservation method that involves the local community. [3]

(b) Which primitive system of agriculture had led to large scale destruction of
forest in the past?

(c) Name the process which involves planting two saplings for each tree that is
felled.

Question 7
(i) Why is there a need for irrigation in India? (Two reasons) [2]

(ii) Distinguish between Inundation Canals and Perennial Canals. [2]

(iii) Name a state in India where tube wells are commonly used. Give two reasons to [3]
support your answer.

(iv) (a) What is meant by Rainwater Harvesting? [3]

(b) Mention any two water harvesting practices followed in India.

Question 8
(i) (a) Give any one use of Iron ore. [2]

(b) Name two Indian states where copper is found.

(ii) With reference to Hirakud project answer the following: [2]

(a) On which river is it based?

(b) Name an Indian state benefited by the project.

(iii) (a) Give two disadvantages of using Petroleum as a source of power. [3]

(b) Name an offshore oil field of India.

(iv) (a) Mention two advantages of wind energy. [3]

(b) What is the advantage of using nuclear power in place of conventional sources
of energy?

T24 502 – SPECIMEN 7 of 10

Question 9
(i) Mention two agricultural reforms done by the government for the betterment of [2]
the agricultural sector.

(ii) (a) Mention the climatic conditions found suitable for growing groundnut. [2]

(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of groundnut in India.

(iii) With reference to cultivation of pulses answer the following: [3]

(a) Name a soil found suitable for the growth of pulses.

(b) Name any two pulses grown in India.

(c) Why is it a popular food crop of India?

(iv) Rohan is a farmer. He asked his friend to help him get some labourers for [3]
‘GINNING’.

(a) Which crop do you think is grown by Rohan?

(b) Mention any two climatic conditions suitable for this crop.

Question 10
(i) Differentiate between large scale and small-scale industries. [2]

(ii) Give two ways in which the Electronic Industry is important for India. [2]

(iii) With reference to petrochemical industry answer the following: [3]

(a) Why is it becoming popular in recent times?

(b) Why is it located close to oil refineries?

(c) Name any two petrochemical products.

(iv) (a) Name the country that had helped in the establishment of Bhilai steel plant. [3]

(b) Why is the iron and steel industry called a basic or key industry?

(c) Where is Tata Steel located?

T24 502 – SPECIMEN 8 of 10

Question 11

(i) Mention two advantages of using waterways. [2]

(ii) What is the importance of the Golden Quadrilateral? [2]

(iii) Mention three disadvantages of roadways. [3]

(iv) Give a reason for the following: [3]

(a) Railways are well developed in the northern states of India.

(b) Sea transport has lost its popularity in recent times.

(c) Helicopter services are crucial during emergencies.

Question 12

(i) What is the impact for waste generation on the following? [2]

(a) Surface water

(b) Landscape.

(ii) Why is dumping considered a harmful method of waste disposal? (Two points.) [2]

(iii) A fire broke out at the Kochi city corporation-run waste treatment plant. Thick [3]
clouds of toxic smoke engulfed the city. The unsorted waste at the plant contained
PVC and clinical waste, both of which on combustion are extremely harmful for
the general health of people.

— Economic times

(a) Which method of waste management would have helped in reducing health
hazard in the above case?

(b) What measures may be undertaken by individuals to reduce waste?

(c) How can urban waste be made useful?

(iv) Mention three ways to reuse waste that is generated at home. [3]

T24 502 – SPECIMEN 9 of 10

Question No. 2
Index No.……………………………………………. UID……………………………..
(This map, if used, must be fastened with all other answers)
Map of India for Question 2.

ONLY FOR THE EXAMINER

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) Total

T24 502 - SPECIMEN 10 of 10

 ONLINE LEARNING CONTENT
CLASS: X SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY

TOPIC: MCQs ON CLIMATE, SOIL, VEGETATION &

WATER RESOURCES CHAPTERS

STUDY DURATION: 1 HOUR 30 MINUTES

CLIMATE

Question No. 1
North-West India comes under the influence of the temperate cyclones from the
Mediterranean Sea due to:
1. the direct rays of the Sun in the Torrid Zone
2. the influence of the westerly jet stream
3. NE trades blowing in winter
4. El Nino effect
Ans: 2

Question No. 2
Cherry Blossoms is a local wind which blows in:
1. Karnataka and Kerala 3. West Bengal and Assam
2. Karnataka and Tamil Nadu 4. Rajasthan and Haryana
Ans: 1

Question No. 3
Western Rajasthan remains dry during rainy season as the:
1. Bay of Bengal branch of south west monsoon is parallel to the Western Ghats
2. Aravali range is perpendicular to the direction of the Arabian Sea branch of south west
monsoons
3. Aravali range is parallel to the direction of the Arabian Sea branch of south west
monsoons
4. Eastern Ghats are parallel to the Arabian Sea branch of south west monsoons
Ans: 3

Page 1 of 16
Question No. 4
The amount of rainfall from the Arabian Sea Branch of south west monsoons decreases
from:
1. Mumbai to Panaji 3. Panaji to Mangalore
2. Mumbai to Kochi 4. Kochi to Mumbai
Ans: 4

Question No. 5
Refer to the graph and answer the questions that follow:

(a) Which city experiences this type of climate?

1. Chennai 2. Lucknow 3. Mumbai 4. Hyderabad
Ans: 3

(b) What is the type of climate experienced in this city?

1. High temperature range and less rainfall in winter
2. High temperature range and more rain in summer
3. Low temperature range and more rain in winter
4. Low temperature range and more rain in summer
Ans: 4

(c) Which winds give the maximum rain to this city?

1. SW monsoon winds 3. Retreating monsoons
2. NE monsoon winds 4. Temperate cyclones
Ans: 1

Page 2 of 16
Question No. 6
Name the winds which cross the equator from the southern hemisphere to the northern
hemisphere and then blow as the south west monsoons towards India.
1. SE Trades 3. NE Trades
2. SE Monsoons 4. NW Monsoons
Ans: 1

Question No. 7
This city that experiences continental climate is:
1. Vishakhapatnam 3. Bhopal
2. Thiruvananthapuram 4. Puducherry
Ans: 3

Question No. 8
There is a difference in climatic condition between Allahabad and Panaji because:
1. both the cities have the same range of temperature
2. both the cities are influenced by cyclonic rainfall
3. both the cities are in the windward side of the mountains
4. one has maritime and the other has continental climate
Ans: 4

Question No. 9
Darjeeling is colder than Kolkata because there is a decrease in temperature at the rate of:
1. 1˚C for every 166 m rise in height 3. 1˚C for every 1666 m rise in height.
2. 1˚C for every 166 mm rise in height 4. 1˚C for every 166 km rise in height
Ans: 1

Question No. 10
Break of Monsoon is:
1. Violent onset of rainfall in the first week of June
2. No rainfall in the first week of June
3. No rainfall for two-three weeks in between the monsoon period
4. No rainfall for a year
Ans: 3

Question No. 11
Why does Chennai see the overhead sun twice a year?
1. It lies between the Equator and Tropic of Cancer and so the overhead sun is seen just
before 21st June and after 21st June.
2. It has a coastal location and is close to the Equator so sees the overhead sun.

Page 3 of 16
3. It sees the overhead sun just before 21st March and just after 21st March since it lies
near the Equator.
4. It lies between the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn and so the overhead sun is seen
just before 21st June and after 21st June.
Ans: 1

Question No. 12
Which crop benefits from Cherry Blossom?
1. Wheat 2. Cherry 3. Coffee 4. Millets
Ans: 3

Question No. 13
Refer to the image and answer the questions that follow:

(a) Name the winds blowing over India.

1. NW monsoons 3. SW monsoons
2. NE monsoons 4. Tropical cyclones
Ans: 2
(b) Name the city which gets rain from these winds.
1. Kochi 2. Kolkata 3. Chennai 4. Hyderabad
Ans: 3

(c) One of the characteristics of the wind is:

1. brings very less amount of rain 3. causes destruction to property
2. helps in the cultivation of wheat 4. brings rain all over India
Ans: 3

Question No. 14
The benefits of the mango showers to Kerala:
1. Good for the rice crop 3. Good for the tea/coffee crop
2. Good for jute crop 4. Good for wheat
Ans: 3

Page 4 of 16
Question No. 15
Why do the South East Trade winds get deflected when they cross the Equator?
1. due to centrifugal force 3. due to gravitational force
2. due to Coriolis Effect 4. due to centripetal force
Ans: 2

Question No. 16
Bardoli Chheerha is a local name for:
1. Mango showers 3. Loo
2. Kalbaisakhi 4. Temperate cyclones
Ans: 2

SOIL RESOURCES

Question No. 17
The process of soil formation is:
1. Pedogenesis 2. Pedology 3. Pedography 4. Pedantology
Ans: 1

Question No. 18
Another term associated with leaching is:
1. Desilication 2. Acidification 3. Salinization 4. Laterization
Ans: 1

Question No. 19
Which characteristic feature does not belong to Khadar Soil?
1. It contains lime nodules. 3. It is replenished annually.
2. It is very fertile. 4. It occupies the floodplains of rivers.
Ans: 1

Question No. 20
Red soil is generally formed in areas of poor rainfall and is thus ideal for:
1. Extensive Agriculture 3. Dry Farming
2. Plantation Farming 4. Shifting Agriculture.
Ans: 3

Question No. 21
Which of the following is not a measure for soil conservation?
1. Strip cropping 3. Shelter belts
2. Terrace cultivation 4. Overdrawing of ground water
Ans: 4

Page 5 of 16
Question No. 22
Which of the following is not an agronomic measure to control soil conservation?
1. Contour ploughing 3. Strip cropping
2. Stopping over grazing 4. Crop rotation
Ans: 2

Question No. 23
Why is Khadar soil fertile?
1. This is because it is periodically replenished by floods
2. This is because it is found at lower levels near the rivers
3. This is because it contains fine sand and clay
4. All of the above
Ans: 4

Question No. 24
Which of the following is not the feature of Bhangar soil?
1. It is older alluvium. 3. It is light in colour.
2. It contains pebbles and gravels. 4. It presents a terrace like structure.
Ans. 3

Question No. 25
Name two states where black soil is found.
1. Maharashtra and Gujarat 3. Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
2. Maharashtra and Punjab 4. Tamil Nadu and Punjab
Ans: 1

Question No. 26
A soil which is used for building purposes
1. Laterite 2. Red 3. Black 4. Alluvial
Ans: 1

Question No. 27
Growing two crops in alternate rows in a plot of land to check soil erosion is
1. Mixed Cropping 3. Multiple Cropping
2. Row Farming 4. Strip Farming
Ans:4

Question No. 28
The deep channels formed when running water cuts the clayey soil are called:
1. Gullies 2. Badlands 3. Sheet Erosion 4. Leaching
Ans: 1

Page 6 of 16
Question No. 29
Why is laterite soil acidic in nature?
1. As it is friable in nature
2. As it can retain moisture
3. As the bases has leached down from the top soil
4. All the above are correct
Ans: 3

Question No. 30
Which of these is not the characteristic of red soil?
1. It is rich in iron 3. It lacks potash
2. It is porous and friable in nature 4. It is red in colour
Ans. 3

Question No. 31
Afforestation is needed to prevent soil erosion as
1. It reduces pollution
2. It protects the soil from being exposed
3. The roots of the trees bind the soil particles
4. Both 2 and 3
Ans: 4

Question No. 32
Which type of soil is best suited for the cultivation of coffee and tapioca?
1. Laterite soil 2. Alluvial Soil 3. Black Soil 4. Red Soil
Ans: 1

Question No. 33
Name the process which removes the soluble salts, especially the bases & silica from the
top soil by percolating rain water.
1. Pedogenesis 3. Lithification
2. Leaching 4. Conglomeration
Ans: 2

Question No. 34
Which of the following soil is formed by weathering of crystalline and metamorphic rocks?
1. Black soil 2. Alluvial soil 3. Red soil 4. Laterite soil
Ans: 3

Page 7 of 16
Question No. 35
Name the soil that develops cracks on drying.
1. Red soil 2. Black soil 3. Alluvial soil 4. Alluvial and lack soil
Ans: 2

Question No. 36
Black soil is rich in
1. Lime, Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, Alumina and Potash
2. Lime, Iron, Magnetite, Calcareous, Alumina and Potash
3. Lime, Iron, Magnesium, Calcium and Humus
4 Lime and humus
Ans: 1

NATURAL VEGETATION

Question No. 37
Alpine vegetation is found in the state of
1. Rajasthan 2. Jharkhand 3. Himachal Pradesh 4. Gujarat
Ans: 3

Question No. 38
Refer to the image and answer the questions that follow:
(a) These trees are:

1. In pure stands 2. In mixed stands 3. Of varying heights 4. Densely grown

Ans: 1

(b) The trees in the forests look almost bare in the months of April and May because:
1. They are found in pure stands
2. They shed leaves for about 6 to 8 weeks in summer
3. They receive less than 50 cm rainfall
4. They are not dense
Ans: 2

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(c) The trees belong to:
1. Tropical deciduous forest 3. Mangrove forest
2. Tropical evergreen forest 4. Mountain forest
Ans: 1

Question No. 39
Refer to the image and answer the question that follows:

This was one of the strongest movements to conserve forest in India:

1. Save Narmada Movement 3. Vanmahotsava
2. Chipko Movement 4. Social Forestry
Ans: 2

Question No. 40
The main objective of NFP 1988 is:
1. To conserve soil 3. Reduce the rate of deforestation
2. Water conservation 4. Increase the area under forest cover
Ans: 4

Question No. 41
Name the tree which has breathing roots.
1. Teak 2. Rosewood 3. Keora 4. Hintal
Ans: 4

Question No. 42
Name the tree which sheds all its leaves in the dry season.
1. Teak 2. Rosewood 3. Keora 4. Fir
Ans: 1

Question No. 43
Name the trees which belong to tropical evergreen forests.
1. Teak, Arjun 3. Keora, Palm
2. Rosewood, Mahogany 4. Deodar,Fir
Ans: 2

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Question No. 44
Desert plants store water in:
1. The leaves 2. The stem 3. The roots 4. The branches
Ans: 2

Question No. 45
The roots of desert plants spread over a large area to:
1. Absorb water 3. Helps the plant to have a strong base
2. Protect them from high heat 4. Prevent loss of water
Ans: 1

Question No. 46
Name the forests which are evergreen, impenetrable and are also called littoral forests.
1. Tropical evergreen forest 3. Tropical desert forest
2. Tropical deciduous forest 4. Tidal forest
Ans: 4

Question No. 47
The forests which contain evergreen trees and conifers are called:
1. Tropical evergreen forest 3. Mountain forest
2. Tropical deciduous forest 4. Tidal forest
Ans: 3

Question No. 48
There is great diversity in the vegetation of India because:
1. There is diversity in climatic condition 3. There is variety of soils
2. There are varied relief features 4. All the above

Ans: 4
Question No. 49
Acacia, Khair, Neem, Ber belong to:
1. Tropical evergreen forest 3. Tropical desert forest
2. Tropical deciduous forest 4. Tidal forest
Ans: 3

Question No. 50
Pine, spruce, deodar, oak belong to:
1. Montane forest 3. Tropical desert forest
2. Tropical deciduous forest 4. Tidal forest
Ans: 1

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Question No. 51
Ebony, shisam, mahogany, belong to:
1. Tropical evergreen forest 3. Tropical desert forest
2. Tropical deciduous forest 4. Tidal forest
Ans: 1

WATER RESOURCES

Question No. 52
The major source of fresh water in India is:
1. Rainfall 3. Atmospheric water
2. Ground water 4. Ocean water
Ans: 2

Question No. 53
Which is the first state in India which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting structure
compulsory in all the houses?
1. West Bengal 2. Meghalaya 3. Rajasthan 4. Tamil Nadu
Ans: 4

Question No. 54
In which of the following areas, people build ‘Guls’ and ‘Kuhls’ for irrigation?
1. Northern Plains 3. Coastal areas
2. Western Himalayas 4. None of these
Ans: 2

Question No. 55
The Government of Andhra Pradesh has set up a Water Conservation Mission in the name
of:
1. Haryali 2. Neeru-Meeru 3. Palar Pani 4. Badal Pani
Ans: 2

Question No. 56
The watershed development project sponsored by the central government and executed by
the Gram Panchayats with the help of people’s participation is called
1. Haryali 3. Neeru-Meeru
2. Palar Pani 4. Check dams
Ans: 1

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Question No. 57
Refer to the image and answer the questions that follow:
(a) The well is:

1. Lined with bricks and cement

2. Used for domestic purposes
3. Used for irrigation
4. All of the above
Ans. 4

(b) Wells are popular means of irrigation in the alluvial tracts of the Gangetic Plains
because:
1. They are expensive to construct
2. They are dug easily as the soil is soft
3. They are dug only where hard rocks are present
4. They are not convenient for farmers
Ans: 2

(c) Name the state which leads in well irrigation in India.

1. Uttar Pradesh. 2. Rajasthan. 3. Maharashtra. 4. Karnataka.
Ans: 1

Question No. 58

(a) Name the type of irrigation shown in the image.

1. Canal 2. Tube wells 3. Sprinkler 4. Drip
Ans: 2

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(b) Which condition is not required for the construction of the type of irrigation mentioned
above?
1. The ground should be hard
2. Cheap hydro electric power should be available
3. The availability of plentiful water at the water table
4. Level land
Ans. 1

Question No. 59
A traditional method called johad for water conservation is practiced in:
1. Tamil Nadu 2. Gujarat 3. Rajasthan 4. Maharashtra.
Ans: 3

Question No. 60
Persian well, Shadoff, Mhote are the:
1. Primitive means of irrigation 3. Modern means of irrigation
2. Necessary means of irrigation 4. Contemporary means of irrigation
Ans: 1

Question No. 61
Refer to the image and answer the questions that follow:

(a) What is the method of irrigation shown in the picture?

1. Drip 2. Sprinkler 3. Spray 4. Furrow
Ans: 2

(b) This type of irrigation is practised in:

1. Small land area 3. Areas of heavy rainfall
2. Large land area 4. At the slopes of the mountains
Ans. 1

(c) Which of the following statement is incorrect about this method of irrigation?
1. There is no loss of water by evaporation
2. It is not an expensive method
3. It is also called as “overhead irrigation” method
4. There is no loss of water by seepage
Ans: 2

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Question No. 62
(a) This method of irrigation (manmade tank) is mostly used in peninsular India because:

1. The rocks are impermeable 3. There are hard rocks

2. There are natural depressions 4. All the above
Ans. 4

(b) Which characteristic is not an advantage of tank irrigation?

1. They help to raise the ground water level
2. They are unable to store water enabling the water to flow out uselessly
3. They are easy to construct
4. They are economical
Ans: 2

Question No. 63
The need for conservation of water has arisen due to:
1. Increased demand of water 3. Increased need for industrialization and irrigation
2. Increased population 4. All the above
Ans: 4

Question No. 64
Refer to the image and answer the questions that follow:

(a) What does this image depict?

1. Aqueduct drawn by cutting the river banks
2. Lined canal drawn by cutting the river banks
3. Perennial canal drawn by cutting the river banks
4. Inundation canal drawn by cutting the river banks
Ans: 4

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Question No. 65
Name the process of collecting and storing rainwater to prevent loss to evaporation, seepage
and conserve water:
1. Roof top harvesting 3. Water shed management
2. Rainwater harvesting 4. Water storage
Ans: 2

Question No. 66
Why is canal irrigation more popular in the Northern Plains of India?
1. The rivers are perennial as they are fed by the melting snows
2. The surface of the land is almost uneven
3. The demand for irrigation is very less as less variety of crops are grown
4. The rivers are seasonal
Ans: 1

Question No. 67
This is a bore well construction. The hollow structure around it is termed as:

1. Recharge trench. 2. Recharge pit. 3. Bore well pit. 4. A tube well.

Ans: 2

Question No. 68
This type of micro irrigation system allows water to reach the roots of plants in drops.
1. Sprinkler irrigation 3. Furrow irrigation
2. Drip irrigation 4. Surface irrigation
Ans: 2

Question No. 69
Drip irrigation is mostly used to cultivate:
1. Grains 2. Pulses 3. Coffee 4. Fruits and vegetables
Ans: 4

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Question No. 70
Drip irrigation system has:
1. A long hose 2. Nozzles 3. Perforated pipes 4. Spray gun
Ans: 3

Question No. 71
Why is canal irrigation more popular in the Northern Plains of India?
1. The rivers are perennial as they are fed by the melting snows
2. The surface of the land is almost uneven
3. The demand for irrigation is very less as less variety of crops are grown
4. The rivers are seasonal
Ans: 1

Question No. 72
Why is there a need for irrigation in India?
1. Nature of the soil
2. Uneven distribution of rainfall.
3. Different crops require different quantities of water
4. All the above.
Ans: 4

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