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Tutorial 4

This tutorial sheet for the MA512 Linear Algebra course at IIT Mandi includes various problems related to subspaces of matrices, linear dependence and independence of vectors, and properties of vector spaces. It covers topics such as determining subspaces, linear combinations, and the conditions for vectors to lie in a plane. Additionally, it includes proofs related to linear independence and spans of sets of vectors.

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55 views2 pages

Tutorial 4

This tutorial sheet for the MA512 Linear Algebra course at IIT Mandi includes various problems related to subspaces of matrices, linear dependence and independence of vectors, and properties of vector spaces. It covers topics such as determining subspaces, linear combinations, and the conditions for vectors to lie in a plane. Additionally, it includes proofs related to linear independence and spans of sets of vectors.

Uploaded by

realiitian159
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial Sheet School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, IIT Mandi

Tutorial Sheet – 4
Course: MA512 – Linear Algebra
Instructor: Prof. Muslim Malik
T.A.: Bhawna
Date: August 28, 2025

1. Determine which of the following are subspaces of Mnn .

(a) all n × n matrices A such that tr(A) = 0.


(b) all n × n matrices A such that A is symmetric.
(c) all n × n matrices A such that A is skew-symmetric.
(d) all n × n matrices A such that the linear system Ax = has only the trivial solution.
(e) all n × n matrices A such that AB = BA for a fixed n × n matrix B.

2. Determine whether the following vectors are linearly dependent or independent.

(a) v1 = 2 − x + 4x2 , v2 = 3 + 6x + 2x2 , v3 = 2 + 10x − 4x2 . in P2 (R).


     
1 0 1 2 0 1
(b) v1 = , v2 = , v3 = in M22 (R).
−2 2 2 0 2 −1
(c) v1 = (1, 1, 2, 4), v2 = (2, −1, −5, 2), v3 = (1, −1, −4, 0), v4 = (2, 1, 1, 6).

3. For which real values of λ, the following vectors form a linearly dependent set in R3 ?

(a) {(λ, −1/2, −1/2), (−1/2, λ, −1/2), (−1/2, −1/2, λ)}.


(b) {(1, −2, λ), (−1/3, 2/3, −λ/3), (λ, 5/3, 1}.

4. For each part, determine whether the three vectors lie in a plane in R3 .

(a) {(−3, 0, 4), (5, −1, 2), (1, 1, 3)}.


(b) {(−6, 7, 2), (3, 2, 4), (4, −1, 2)}.

5. Show that

(a) the set containing null vector ’0’ is linearly dependent.


(b) for any linearly independent vectors u, v and w in a vector space, the vectors u + v,
u − v and u − 2v + w are also linearly independent.
(c) if S = {v1 , v2 , . . . , vn } is a linearly independent set of vectors, then so is every
nonempty subset of S.
(d) the vectors u = (1 + i, 2i) and w = (1, 1 + i) in C2 are linearly dependent over the
complex field C but linearly independent over the real field R.
(e) functions sin x, cos x, x are linearly independent in the vector space of real valued
functions.
(f) the non-zero rows in an echelon form form a L.I. set.
(g) in the vector space R(Q), the set {1, u} is L.I. iff u is irrational.
(h) if X1 , X2 , . . . , Xr is a linearly independent system of n × 1 column vectors and A is
an n × n non-singular matrix, then AX1 , AX2 , . . . , AXr are linearly independent.

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Tutorial Sheet School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, IIT Mandi

6. Let V be the vector space of polynomials over R and S = {x, x2 + 1, x3 − 1}. Find linear
span of S. Does 3x3 + 2x belongs to span(S)?

7. Prove that span(S) = S iff S is a subspace of V .

8. Determine the smallest subspace containing the first quadrant?

9. If span(S1 ) = span(S2 ), then S1 = S2 ? Also, as we know that the vectors (1, 0, 0),(0, 1, 0),
(0, 0, 1) span R3 . However, spanning sets are not unique. What geometric property must
a set of three vectors in R3 have if they are to span R3 ?

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