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12 Linux+OS+Management

This document provides an overview of Linux operating system management, including installation, access methods, and file system structure. It details commands for navigating the file system, creating files and directories, and system utility commands for monitoring and maintenance. The author, Imran Afzal, emphasizes the use of tools like Putty for accessing Linux systems and outlines essential commands for effective system management.

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8 views16 pages

12 Linux+OS+Management

This document provides an overview of Linux operating system management, including installation, access methods, and file system structure. It details commands for navigating the file system, creating files and directories, and system utility commands for monitoring and maintenance. The author, Imran Afzal, emphasizes the use of tools like Putty for accessing Linux systems and outlines essential commands for effective system management.

Uploaded by

janavpatel13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome to Section 12

Linux Operating System Management

By: Imran Afzal


www.utclisolutions.com
Linux Distributions

Redhat

By: Imran Afzal


Download and Install Linux Server

• Create new VM on Oracle VirtualBox


• Download the Linux CentOS 7
• Install Linux

By: Imran Afzal


www.utclisolutions.com
Access to Linux System
Each operating system has a different protocol or client that is used to
access the system

Example:
Windows = Remote Desktop (RDP)
VMware ESX = vSphere client
Linux = Putty, SecureCRT
SSH from Linux to Linux

By: Imran Afzal


Access to Linux System

By: Imran Afzal


Download and Install Putty

By: Imran Afzal


Access to Linux VM via Putty

By: Imran Afzal


Access to Linux from MAC

• Openup a terminal on your MAC

• Run the following command


• # ssh –l iafzal 192.168.56.101

By: Imran Afzal


File System Structure

By: Imran Afzal


File System Structure and its Description
/boot Contains file that is used by the boot loader (grub.cfg)
/root root user home directory. It is not same as /
/dev System devices (e.g. disk, cdrom, speakers, flashdrive, keyboard etc.)
/etc Configuration files
/bin → /usr/bin Everyday user commands
/sbin → /usr/sbin System/filesystem commands
/opt Optional add-on applications (Not part of OS apps)
/proc Running processes (Only exist in Memory)
/lib → usr/lib C programming library files needed by commands and apps
strace -e open pwd
/tmp Directory for temporary files
/home Directory for user
/var System logs
/run System daemons that start very early (e.g. systemd and udev) to store
temporary runtime files like PID files
/mnt To mount external filesystem. (e.g. NFS)
/media For cdrom mounts.

By: Imran Afzal


Navigating File System
• When navigating a UNIX filesystem, there are a few important commands:
"cd”
"pwd”
"ls“

• "cd" stands for change directory. It is the primary command for moving you around the filesystem.
• “pwd” stands for print working directory. It tells you where you current location is.
• “ls” stands for list. It lists all the directories/files within a current working directory
• Using of TAB key to auto-complete

By: Imran Afzal


Directory Listing Attributes
Total columns = 9

Type # of Links Owner Group Size Month Day Time Name

drwxr-xr-x. 21 root root 4096 Feb 27 13:33 var

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Feb 27 13:15 bin

-rw-r—r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 2 11:15 testfile

The second column is the number of hard links to the file. For a
directory, the number of hard links is the number of immediate
subdirectories it has plus its parent directory and itself

By: Imran Afzal


Creating Files and Directories
• Creating Files
✓touch
✓cp
✓vi

• Creating Directories
✓mkdir

By: Imran Afzal


System Utility Commands
• date
• uptime
• hostname
• uname
• which
• cal
• bc

By: Imran Afzal


System Monitoring

• top
• df
• dmesg
• iostat 1
• netstat
• free
• cat /proc/cpuinfo
• cat /proc/meminfo

By: Imran Afzal


System Maintenance Commands

• shutdown
• init 0-7
• reboot
• halt

By: Imran Afzal

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