IX.
DRUG STUDY
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICAT ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING
ACTION ION CONSIDERATIO
N
Generic Name: It works primarily Paracetamol It is The most Monitor
Paracetamol in the central is indicated contraindica concerning temperatur
nervous system for the ted in adverse effect is e and
Brand Name: where it inhibits reduction of patients with hepatotoxicity, response to
Calpol
the fever and the severe particularly when antipyretic
Dosage: 1 ampule
cyclooxygenase relief of hepatic taken in high therapy.
enzyme, mild to impairment doses, over Assess
Route: particularly moderate or known prolonged liver
Intravenous cuclooxygenase 2, pain. In a hypersensiti periods, or in function—
reducing the CAP patient, vity to combination with fever from
Frequency: Every synthesis of it helps paracetamol. other medications CAP may
4 hours PRN for prostaglandins. manage This is containing mask early
fever This leads to its systemic important in paracetamol (e.g., signs of
fever-reducing and symptoms pneumonia Nafarin-A), hepatic
Classification: pain-relieving such as patients who increasing the risk issues.
Antipyretics,
effects, without elevated may be of liver injury. Ensure
Non-opioid
Analgesic
significant anti- body malnourishe proper
inflammatory temperature, d or have dosing,
action. headache, co-existing especially
and body liver if the
aches, compromise patient has
improving . poor oral
comfort and intake.
possibly Administer
aiding rest with food
and to
recovery. minimize
gastric
irritation.
Generic Name: Paracetamol: Nafarin-A is This Common adverse Monitor
(Paracetamol + Centrally reduces used for the combination effects include BP and
Phenylpropanola fever and pain by symptomatic drug is drowsiness (due HR,
mine + inhibiting COX treatment of contraindica to particularly
Chlorpheniramine enzymes and upper ted in chlorpheniramine in
)
prostaglandin respiratory patients with ), increased blood hypertensi
Brand Name:
synthesis. tract uncontrolled pressure or ve or
Nafarin-A infections. hypertensio palpitations (from elderly
Phenylpropanolam In the n, phenylpropanola patients.
Dosage: 1 tablet ine: A context of cardiovascul mine), and the Assess for
sympathomimetic CAP, it may ar disease, potential for liver drowsiness
Frequency: Three that stimulates help relieve or those toxicity with and fall
times a day alpha-adrenergic nasal taking MAO overlapping risk—
receptors, causing congestion, inhibitors. It paracetamol especially
vasoconstriction rhinorrhea, should also dosing. important
Classification: of nasal blood sneezing, be avoided in
Combination vessels to relieve and fever— in patients hospitalize
Cold Medication nasal congestion. especially if with severe d patients.
(Antipyretic + the liver disease Avoid
Decongestant + Chlorpheniramine: pneumonia due to its concurrent
Antihistamine) An H1 is paracetamol use with
antihistamine that accompanie content. other CNS
blocks histamine d by upper depressants
receptors, respiratory .
reducing sneezing, tract Educate
runny nose, and symptoms. about risk
allergic symptoms. of
duplicate
paracetamo
l dosing.
Generic Name: NAC breaks As a NAC is Adverse effects Monitor
N-Acetyl Cysteine disulfide bonds in mucolytic contraindica may include for signs of
(NAC) mucoproteins, agent, NAC ted in gastrointestinal bronchospa
thereby reducing is indicated patients with symptoms like sm;
Brand Name:
the viscosity of to help break hypersensiti nausea and auscultate
Exflem
mucus in the down and vity to the vomiting, as well lungs
Dosage: 600mg airways, making it thin thick drug and as bronchospasm before and
easier to pulmonary should be in sensitive after
Route: expectorate. In secretions. used individuals. It administrat
Intravenous
CAP, this helps In CAP, it is cautiously in also has an ion.
Frequency: Once
improve airway beneficial asthmatic unpleasant odor Encourage
a day clearance and gas for patients patients, as that may cause hydration
exchange. It also with a it may nausea or to help thin
Classification: acts as an productive trigger coughing upon secretions.
Mucolytic/ antioxidant by cough, bronchospas administration. Administer
Antidote for replenishing helping to m, via
paracetamol intracellular improve potentially nebulizatio
glutathione. airway worsening n in well-
clearance respiratory ventilated
and ease distress. area due to
breathing. odor.
Educate
patient on
its role in
clearing
mucus, not
treating
infection
directly.
Generic Name: It stimulates beta- Salbutamol It is Common adverse Administer
Salbutamol 2 receptors in is used to contraindica effects include via
bronchial smooth treat ted in tremors, nebulizer
Brand Name: muscle, causing bronchospas individuals nervousness, or MDI
Salamol
muscle relaxation m, which with known tachycardia, and (metered-
Dosage: 1 nebule
and may occur in hypersensiti palpitations. dose
bronchodilation. pneumonia vity and These effects can inhaler);
Route: Inhalation This improves patients with should be be distressing, monitor
airflow and reactive used especially in technique.
Frequency: Every reduces wheezing airway cautiously in elderly or anxious Monitor
8 hours or shortness of symptoms or patients with patients, so vital respiratory
breath in CAP underlying cardiovascul signs should be rate,
Classification: patients with asthma/COP ar disorders, closely oxygen
Short-Acting Beta reactive airway D. It as it may monitored. saturation,
II Adrenergic
involvement. improves exacerbate and lung
Agonist (SABA)/
Bronchodilator
airflow by tachycardia sounds
relaxing or before and
bronchial arrhythmias. after
muscles and administrat
can help ion.
reduce Observe
wheezing for
and dyspnea. tachycardia
or
palpitation
s.
Generic Name: Ceftriaxone Ceftriaxone Contraindic Adverse reactions Administer
Ceftriaxone inhibits bacterial is a broad- ated in may include IV/IM as
(triavex) 1gram cell wall synthesis spectrum patients with gastrointestinal prescribed,
IV q8 by binding to cephalospori a history of upset (nausea, usually
penicillin-binding n antibiotic severe diarrhea), rash, once daily.
Brand Name:
Triavex
proteins, leading commonly hypersensiti injection site pain Monitor
to cell lysis and used in the vity (for IM use), and for allergic
Dosage: 1 gram bacterial death. In empiric reactions to the risk of reactions
CAP, it targets treatment of cephalospori secondary (rash,
Route: Gram-positive and moderate to ns or other infections like urticaria,
Intravenous some Gram- severe CAP. beta-lactam Clostridium anaphylaxi
negative It targets antibiotics. difficile- s).
Frequency: Every organisms, helping common Caution is associated Check
8 hours to eliminate the pneumonia also diarrhea, CBC and
underlying pathogens warranted in especially with liver/kidne
Classification:
infection. like patients with prolonged use. y function
Third Generation
Cephalosporin
Streptococcu known during
s penicillin therapy.
pneumoniae Observe
and allergies. for
Haemophilu improveme
s influenzae. nt in
clinical
signs
(decreased
fever,
better
breath
sounds).
Educate
patient/fam
ily on
importance
of
completing
antibiotic
course.
Generic Name: Esomeprazole is a Contraindic Side effects may Administer
Esomeprazole proton pump Esomeprazol ated in include headache, before
inhibitor (PPI) that e is used for patients with abdominal meals for
Brand Name: irreversibly binds the known discomfort, best
Ziomedrab
to and inhibits the prevention hypersensiti constipation, or absorption.
Dosage: 20mg
H+/K+ ATPase of stress vity to diarrhea. Long- Monitor
enzyme in gastric ulcers and esomeprazol term use may bowel
Route: parietal cells. This gastric e, other increase the risk function
Intravenous blocks the final irritation in PPIs, or any of GI infections and signs
step in acid hospitalized excipients in (like C. difficile) of GI
Frequency: Once production, patients. In the and reduced upset.
a day thereby reducing CAP, it is formulation. absorption of Assess
gastric acidity. It often Caution is magnesium, magnesium
Classification: prevents stress prescribed advised in calcium, and B12. levels if on
Proton Pump ulcers in prophylactic patients with long-term
Inhibitor/ Anti
hospitalized CAP ally, long-term therapy.
ulcer Agent
patients. especially use due to Evaluate
when the risk of the
patient is nutrient necessity
NPO, on malabsorpti of PPI
NSAIDs, on. regularly to
corticosteroi avoid
ds, or broad- overuse.
spectrum
antibiotics.
Generic Name: Lactulose is Lactulose is Contraindic Adverse effects Monitor
Lactulose metabolized by used to ated in include stool
colonic bacteria manage patients with abdominal frequency
Brand Name: into lactic acid and constipation, suspected bloating, and
Duphalac
other organic which may bowel flatulence, and consistenc
Dosage: 20ml
acids, which occur in obstruction diarrhea, y.
increases osmotic hospitalized or those on a especially if Ensure
Frequency: Every pressure in the or immobile galactose- overdosed. adequate
12 hours until 2 colon. This draws patients, free diet. Prolonged use hydration
BM 2x a day water into the particularly Caution may result in fluid to avoid
bowel, softening those taking should be and electrolyte dehydratio
Classification: stools and opioid pain taken with imbalances such n.
Osmotic Laxative stimulating medications. electrolyte as hypokalemia Monitor
peristalsis. It helps It may also imbalance and electrolytes
manage help prevent or hypernatremia. during
constipation, complication dehydration. prolonged
which may be s like use.
secondary to straining or May help
immobility or bowel prevent
opioid use in CAP impaction in delirium in
patients. bedridden hepatic-
CAP compromis
patients. ed patients
with
altered
mentation.
