BARGAMENTO , SUNSHINE S.

Case Study 4

CVD infarct, CAP-MR, HUD, RDU, Dementia

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 COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

Precipitating factors:
Predisposing factors:
Microorganism enters the nose • History of smoking
(nasal passages) • exposure to any and alcohol drinking
bacterial agents • >50 yr old
• nature of work

It passes through the larynx , pharynx & trachea

Virulent microorganism
Enters & affects both airway and lung parenchyma (Streptococcus Pneumoniae)

Damage in Infiltration of Invasion of Flattening of

airway bronchi lungs epithelial cells

Infectious organism Activates macrophages

lodges causing and leukoytes
stimulation in
bronchioles

Alveolar Necrosis of Production of Coughing

Narrowing
collapse bronchial mucus and plegm
of passage (Productive /non
tissues
productive)

Pyrogen in body Difficulty

breathing
Fever
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 Medication Mechanism of action Indications/Contraindications Side Effects/Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic ✓ It competes with Indications: Side Effects: Before:

histamine for 1. Administer as prescribed, avoid
Name: receptor site on ✓ Use in the treatment of allergic CNS: headache, fatigue, excessive dosage.
effector cells in GI reactions including nasal disturbed coordination, tingling , 2. Assess for pregnancy and
Diphenhydramine allergies; parkinsonism,
tract, blood vessels, drowsiness, dizziness lactation(drug may cause risk to the fetus
respiratory tract. including drug-induced or baby)
Brand Name: extrapyramidal symptoms
✓ Therapeutic Effect: CV: Palpitations
Binadryl Produces ✓ prevention/treatment of nausea, During:
anticholinergic, vomiting, or vertigo due to
Classification: motion sickness; antitussive;
antipruritic, Adverse Effects: 1. Tell patient that side effect may occur
antitussive, short-term management of (dizziness, sedation, drowsiness)
Antihistamine, insomnia; adjunct to
antiemetic, 2. Monitor B/P, esp. in elderly (increased
antimotion sickness epinephrine in treatment of CNS: restlessness, insomnia;
antidyskinetic, risk of hypotension).
drug, anaphylaxis. confusion ,tremors, euphoria,
sedative effects 3. Tell patient to report difficulty breathing,
anticholinergic, ✓ Topical form used for relief of nervousness; (especially in tremors, loss of coordination, unusual
antipruritic pruritus from insect bites, skin children) bleeding or bruising.
irritations 4. Take foods if GI upset occurs.
Dosage:
CV: Tachycardia, mild 5. Assess respiration and adventitious
50 mg Contraindications: hypotension or hypertension, sounds to monitor drug effets.
Route: cardiovascular collapse.
✓ Contraindicated to lower After:
IVTT respiratory tract symptoms 1. Monitor patient response and arrange
(including acute asthma); for adjustment of dosage to lowest
Frequency: narrow-angle glaucoma; possible effective dose.
prostatic hypertrophy, bladder 2. Avoid alcohol, sedation may occur.
STAT neck obstruction; GI obstruction 3. Evaluate renal and liver function tests
or stenosis, Lactation. to monitor for factors that could affect the
Timing: metabolism or excretion of the drug. 4.
Evaluate orientation, affect, and reflexes
now to monitor for changes due to CNS effec

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Medication Mechanism of action Indications/Contraindications Side Effects/Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic ✓ Is Second- Indications: Side Effects: Before:

generation
Name: cephalosporin that ✓ Indicated for Pharyngitis, CV: Thrombophlebitis 1.Explain drug and rationale of
inhibits cell wall tonsillitis infections of the (IV site) pain administration to patient.
Cefuroxime urinary and lower respiratory
synthesis,promoting GI: Diarrhea, nausea, 2.Question for history of allergies,
osmotic instability tract, and lower respiratory antibioticassociated colitis. particularly cephalosporins, penicillins
Brand Name: tracts, and skin and skin-
usually bactericidal Skin: Rash, pruritus, urticarial
structure infections caused by Other: burning, cellulitis (IM site) During:
Zoltax Streptococcus pneumoniae ans superinfections, positive
Classification: S. pyogene, Haumophilus 1.Assess oral cavity for white patches on
Coombs
influenzae Staphylococcus mucous membranes, tongue (thrush).
test
Antibiotics aureus, Escherichia coli 2.Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity,
stool consistency.
Dosage: 3.Mild GI effects may be tolerable
(increasing severity may indicate onset of
1.5 gm antibiotic-associated coli- tis).
Adverse Effects: 4.Monitor I&O, renal function tests for
Contraindications:
Route: nephrotoxicity. Be alert for superinfection:
CNS: lethargy
✓ Contraindicated in patient fever, vomiting, diarrhea, anal/ genital
GI: anorexia, severe diarrhea pruritus, oral mucosal changes
IV hypersensitive to drug. Use
Hematologic: bleeding, (ulceration, pain, erythema).
cautiously in patients
hypersensitive to penicillin decrease platelets
Frequency:
because of possibility of cross After:
q8h sensitivity with other beta
lactam antibiotics. 1.Tell patient that discomfort may occur
with IM injection.
Timing: 2.Remember that doses should be evenly
spaced.

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8am – 4pm – 12 3.Continue antibiotic therapy for full length
pm of treatment.

Medication Mechanism of action Indications/Contraindications Side Effects/Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic ✓ Binds to an enzyme Indications: Side Effects: Before:

in the presence of
Name: acidic gastric pH, ✓ Oral: Short- term (8 weeks or CNS: headache, dizziness, 1.Explain drug and rationale of
preventing the final less) and long-term treatment anxiety administration to patient.
Pantoprazole of GERD.
transport of GI: diarrhea, abdominal pain, 2.Assess patient for presence of
hydrogen ions into ✓ IV: short term (7-10 days) nausea conditions in which the drug is
Brand Name: the gastric lumen. treatment of GERD in patients contraindicated.
Skin: rash
✓ Therapeutic effect: unable to continue oral therapy
3.Obtain baseline lab values, including se-
Pantoloc Diminished rum creatinine, cholesterol.
accumulation of
Classification: acid I nthe gastric
lumen, with During:
lessened acid Contraindications: Adverse Effects:
Protonpump
inhibitor reflex. Healing of 1.Evaluate for therapeutic response (relief
✓ Contraindicated with
Antiulcer agent duodenal ulcer and of GI symptoms). Question if GI
hypersensitivity to any proton CNS: severe headache,
esophagitis discomfort, nausea occur.
decrease acid pump inhibitor or any depression
Dosage: CV: thrombophlebitis 2.Report headache, onset of black, tarry
secretion in stools, diarrhea.
hypersecretory GI: severe diarrhea
40mg tab EENT: blurred vision 3.Stay alert for hypersensitivity reaction
conditions.
Musculoskeletal: myalgia
Route: Skin: edema After:
Other: fever
IVTT 1.Encourage patient to adhere to
medication regimen.
Frequency: 2.Tell patient to avoid alcohol.
3.Instruct patient to swallow tablets whole
OD and not to chew or crush.

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Timing: 4.Inform that drug is best if given before
breakfast. May be given without regard to
8am food.

Medication Mechanism of action Indications/Contraindications Side Effects/Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic ✓ Thought to act at Indications: Side Effects: Before:

limbic, thalamic, and
Name: hypothalamic levels CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, 1.Tell patient that drug may make him
✓ Anxiety disorders
of CNS to produce ✓ Panic disorders depression, fatigue, light- more depressed, angry, or hostile. Urge
Alprazolam
sedative, anxiolytic, headedness, disorientation, him to contact prescriber immediately if he
skeletal muscle anger, hostility, euphoria, thinks he’s dangerous to himself or others.
Brand Name: relaxant, and hypomanic episodes, 2.Advise patient to avoid driving and other
anticonvulsant restlessness, confusion, crying, hazardous activities until he knows how
Niravam effects. delirium, headache drug affects concentration and alertness.
Contraindications: EENT: blurred or double vision, 3.Tell patient to avoid use of alcohol while
nystagmus, nasal congestion taking the drug.
Classification: ✓ Hypersensitivity to GI: gastric disorders, dysphagia, 4.Advise patient that smoking may
benzodiazepines anorexia, increased salivation, decrease drug’s effectiveness
Benzodiazepine ✓ Narrow-angle glaucoma Labor dry mouth
Anxiolytic and delivery
GU: menstrual
✓ Pregnancy or breastfeeding During:
irregularities, urinary retention,
Dosage: urinary incontinence, libido
changes, gynecomastia 1.Monitor CBC and liver and kidney
5oo mg/ ½ tab function test results. 2.Monitor vital signs
and weight
Route: 3.Tell patient to swallow extended release
tablets whole
PO Adverse Effects: After:

Frequency: 1. Watch for excessive CNS depression if

CV: bradycardia, tachycardia, patient is concurrently taking
STAT hypertension, hypotension, antidepressants, other benzodiazepines,
palpitations, CV collapse antihistamines, or opioids.

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Timing: Hepatic: hepatic dysfunction 2.If patient is taking TCAs concurrently,
(including watch for increase in adverse TCA
Now hepatitis) effects.
3.Report signs of drug abuse, including
frequent requests for early refills.
4.Caution patient not to stop taking drug
suddenly. Withdrawal symptoms,
including seizures, may occur unless drug
is tapered carefully.

Medication Mechanism of action Indications/Contraindications Side Effects/Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic ✓ Inhibits platelet Indications: Side Effects: Before:

aggregation by
Name: blocking binding of ✓ Recent myocardial infarction CNS: depression, dizziness, 1.Assess for occult GI blood loss if patient
adenosine (MI) or stroke or established fatigue, headache is receiving naproxen concurrently with
Clopidogrel peripheral arterial disease
diphosphate to CV: chest pain, hypertension clopidogrel.
bisulfate platelets, thereby ✓ Acute coronary syndrome EENT: epistaxis, rhinitis 2.Tell patient drug may cause headache
preventing thrombus (ACS) and dizziness.
GI: diarrhea, abdominal pain,
Brand Name: formation dyspepsia, gastritis Metabolic: 3.Advise patient that it may take longer
hypercholesterolemia, gout than usual to stop bleeding and to refrain
Plogrel from activities in which trauma and
Musculoskeletal: joint pain, back
pain bleeding may occur.
Classification:
Respiratory: cough, dyspnea,
bronchitis, upper respiratory During:
Antiplatelet drug
tract infection
Contraindications: 1.Monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit
Dosage: periodically.
✓ Hypersensitivity to drug 2.Monitor patient for unusual bleeding or
75 mg / 1 tab ✓ Active pathologic bleeding Adverse Effects: bruising; drug significantly increases risk
of bleeding.
Route: 3.Tell patient to take tablets with or
GI: GI bleeding without food.
PO 4.Advise patient to minimize adverse GI
effects by eating small, frequent meals or

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 Hematologic: bleeding, chewing gum
Frequency: neutropenia, thrombotic After:
thrombocytopenic purpura
Respiratory:bronchospasm 1.Advise patient to contact prescriber
OD Other: hypersensitivity reactions, before taking overthe-counter products,
anaphylactic reactions particularly nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
Timing: drugs.
2.Advise patient to immediately report
8 am unusual or acute chest pain, respiratory
difficulty, rash, purplish bruises on skin or
in mouth, purple skin patches, unusual
fatigue, fast heart rate, confusion, signs
and symptoms of stroke
3.Tell patient to inform all health care
providers, including dentists, before
undergoing procedures or starting new
drug therapy about taking drugs

Medication Mechanism of action Indications/Contraindications Side Effects/Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic ✓ It antagonizes Indications: Side Effects: Before:

histamine effects at
Name: histamine receptor ✓ Management of seasonal and 1.Explain drug and rationale for
sites, preventing perennial allergic rhinitis CNS: drowsiness, lethargy, administration to patient.
Cetirizine
allergic response. ✓ Treatment of chronic, headache, dizziness 2,Assess lung sounds.
Also has mild idiopathic urticaria -treatment GI: dry mouth, stomach pain 3.Assess severity of rhinitis, urticaria,
Brand Name:
bronchodilator of year- round allergic rhinitis Other: ill feeling other symptoms.
effects and blocks and chronic idiopathies 4.Obtain baseline hepatic function tests.
Zyrtec
histamine induced urticaria in infants 5.Assess the patient for presence of
Classification: bronchoconstriction
Adverse Effects: conditions in which the drug is
Piperazine in asthma Contraindications: contraindicated.
Histamine
antagonist ✓ hypersensitivity to drug or
CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, During:
hydroxyzine
fatigue

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 ✓ acute asthma attacks CV: palpitations, edema 1.For upper respiratory allergies, increase
✓ agdle-closure glaucoma - EENT: Pharyngitis fluids to maintain thin secretions and
Pyloroduodenal obstruction GI: nausea, vomiting abdominal offset thirst.
Dosage:
✓ breastfeeding distress dry mouth 2.Monitor symptoms for therapeutic
Musculoskeletal: myalgia joint response.
10 mg/ tab pain Respiratory: bronchospasm
Skin: photosensitivity, rash, After:
Route: angio-edema
1.Tell patient to avoid tasks that require
OD alertness, motor skills until response to
drug is established.
2.Caution patient to avoid alcohol during
Frequency: antihistamine therapy.
3.Encourage patient to adhere to
PO medication regimen.

Timing:

8 am

Medication Mechanism of action Indications/Contraindications Side Effects/Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic ✓ Sultamicillin inhibits Indications: Side Effects: Before:

β-lactamases in
Name: penicillin-resistant CNS: lethargy, hallucinations, 1. Monitor CBC and liver function test
microorganisms and ✓ Indicated for Uncomplicated anxiety, confusion, agitation, results.
Sultamicillin
it acts against gonorrhoea, Otitis media depression, fatigue, dizziness,
(sulbactam +
ampicillin) sensitive organisms ✓ Respiratory tract infections CV: vein irritation
during the stage of Urinary tract infection EENT: blurred vision, itchy eyes During:
Brand Name: active multiplication GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
by inhibiting abdominal pain, enterocolitis, 1. Check for signs and symptoms of
biosynthesis of cell gastritis, stomatitis, glossitis, infection at injection site. Monitor for
Unasyn Oral
wall mucopeptide. Contraindications: black “hairy” tongue, furry seizures when giving high doses.
tongue, oral and rectal 2.Watch for bleeding tendency and

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Classification: ✓ Hypersensitivity to penicillin, candidiasis, hemorrhage.
cephalosporins, imipenem, or Other: pain at injection site, 3.Check patient’s temperature and watch
Antibiotic other beta-lactamase inhibitors fever, hyperthermia, for other signs and symptoms of
superinfections, hypersensitivity superinfection, especially oral or rectal
Dosage: reactions, candidiasis.
4.Advise patient to minimize GI upset by
750 mg/ 1 tab eating small, frequent servings of food
and drinking plenty of fluids
Route: Adverse Effects:
After:
PO
CNS: seizures
CV: thrombophlebitis, heart 1.Instruct patient to avoid activities that
Frequency: can cause injury.
failure
BID GU: hematuria, hyaline casts in 2.Advise him to use soft toothbrush and
urine, vaginitis, nephropathy, electric razor to avoid gum and skin injury
Timing: interstitial nephritis Hematologic: 3. Monitor for CDAD, which can be fatal.
8am – 6pm anemia, eosinophilia, Antibiotic may need to be stopped and
agranulocytosis, hemolytic other treatment begun
anemia, leukopenia, 4. Tell patient to report signs and
thrombocytopenic purpura, symptoms of infection or other problems
thrombocytopenia, neutropenia at injection site.
Other: anaphylaxis, serum
sickness

Medication Mechanism of action Indications/Contraindications Side Effects/Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic ✓ It is a Potent Indications: Side Effects: Before:

vasodilator. Blocks
Name: vasoconstrictor, Treatment of hypertension. Used CNS: dizziness, insomnia, 1.Obtain B/P, apical pulse immediately
aldosterone- alone or in combination with other depression before each dose, in addition to regular
Losartan antihypertensives.
secreting effects of EENT: nasal congestion, monitoring (be alert to fluctuations).
Brand Name: angiotensin II, Treatment of diabetic nephropathy, sinusitis Respiratory: upper 2.Question for possibility of pregnancy
inhibiting binding of prevention of stroke in pts with respiratory tract infection, cough (see Pregnancy/Lactation).
GI: diarrhea, dyspepsia, 3.Assess medication history (esp.

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 angiotensin II to hypertension and left ventricular heartburn diuretic).
Cozaar AT1 receptors hypertrophy. Musculoskeletal: myalgia,
muscle cramp During:
Classification:
1.Maintain hydration (offer fluids
Antihypertensive frequently).
Contraindications:
Dosage: 2.Assess for evidence of upper respiratory
✓ None known. Adverse Effects: infection, cough.
50 mg/tab 1 tab ✓ Use with cautions in 3.Monitor B/P, pulse. If excessive
Renal/hepatic impairment, reduction in B/P occurs, place pt in supine
Route: unstented renal arterial CV: hypotension, tachycardia, position, feet slightly elevated.
stenosis, significant aortic/ bradycardia 4. Assist with ambulation if dizziness
PO mitral stenosis. occurs.
5.Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity,
Frequency: stool consistency.

OD After:

Timing: 1.Tell patient to avoid tasks that require

alertness, motor skills until response to
8 am drug is established (possible dizziness
effect).
2. Report any sign of infection (sore
throat, fever), chest pain.
3. Advise patient not to take OTC cold
preparations, nasal decongestants.
4.Tell patient not to stop taking
medication.
5. Encourage patient to limit salt intake.

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 Medication Mechanism of action Indications/Contraindications Side Effects/Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic ✓ Act as a low- to Indications: Side Effects: Before:

moderate affinity
Name: NMDA receptor ✓ Moderate to severe 1.Assess cognitive, behavioral, functional
antagonist, binding ✓ Alzheimer’s type dementia CNS: dizziness, headache, deficits of pt.
Memantine
to NMDA receptor syncope, aggressive reaction, 2.Assess renal function.
Brand Name: operated channels. Contraindications: confusion, agitation, insomnia, 3.Assess patient for presence of
(Activation of these vertigo, ataxia, abnormal gait, conditions in which the drug is
Memry channels is thought ✓ Hypersensitivity to drug or its hypokinesia, anxiety contraindicated
to contribute to component EENT: cataract, conjunctivitis
Classification: Alzheimer’s GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
symptoms.) constipation, anorexia During:
Anti-Alzheimer’s GU: frequent voiding, urinary
agent incontinence, urinary tract
infection 1.Monitor cognitive, behavioral, functional
Hematologic: anemia status of pt.
Dosage: 2 Monitor urine pH (alterations of urine pH
Musculoskeletal: back pain,
arthralgia toward the alkaline condition may lead to
10 mg/tab ½ tab accumulation of the drug with possible
Respiratory: cough, dyspnea,
bronchitis, pneumonia increase in side effects).
Route: 3. Monitor BUN, creatinine clearance lab
values.
PO 4. Evaluate patient response to drug
therapy.
Frequency: Adverse Effects:

CNS: transient ischemic attack, After:

OD cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
CV: hypertension, cardiac failure 1. Ensure adequate fluid intake.
Timing: 2. If therapy is interrupted for several
days, restart at lowest dose, titrate to
8 am current dose at minimum of 1-wk intervals.
3. Do not reduce or stop medication; do
not increase dosage without physician
direction

Source: Hodgson, B. B., & Kizior, R. J. (2012). Saunders nursing drug handbook 2013. Saunder

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 Defining Nursing Scientific Goals of Care Nursing Intervention Rationale Evaluation
Characteristics Diagnosis Analysis
Subjective data: Ineffective Ineffective airway SHORT TERM: Independent: Independent: SHORT TERM:
airway clearance is the
“I always cough clearance inability to After 8 hours of 1. Assess cough 1. Coughing is the most After 8 hours of nursing
and having a hard related maintain a patent nursing intervention effectiveness and effective way to remove intervention the patient
time to catch my to increased airway. Usually, the patient will be productivity secretions. Pneumonia may was able to :
breath” as sputum protective able to : cause thick and tenacious
verbalized by the production mechanisms such secretions to patients. 1. Identify behaviors to
patient secondary to as microscopic 1.Identify behaviors achieve airway clearance.
pneumonia organisms or to achieve airway 2. Perform a 2. An initial respiratory Goal met
Objective data: coughing keep clearance comprehensive respiratory assessment builds a baseline 2. classify methods to
the respiratory 2. classify methods assessment at least every for further examinations. It enhance secretion
-cough tract free of to enhance secretion four hours. Assess rate, allows for trending the removal. Goal met
-Infiltrates seen obstructions and removal. rhythm, and depth of improvements or worsening of 3. Identify and avoid
on chest x-ray secretions. 3. Identify and avoid respiration. . the patient’s condition. specific factors that inhibit
film However, if any of specific factors that 3. Auscultate lung fields, 3. Decreased airflow occurs in effective airway
Breathe these inhibit effective noting areas of decreased areas with consolidated fluid. clearance. Goal met
-Abnormal breath mechanisms are airway clearance. or absent airflow and Bronchial breath sounds can
sounds (crackles) impaired, there is adventitious breath sounds: also occur in these
-V/S taken as a risk for a crackles, wheezes. consolidated areas
follow: compromised 4. Teach and assist patient 4. Deep breathing
PR: 64 bpm airway. LONG TERM: with proper deep-breathing exercises facilitates maximum LONG TERM:
RR: 24 cpm exercises. expansion of the lungs
O2 Sat: 95% After 1-2 days of 5.Demonstrate proper 5. plinting reduces chest After 1-2 days of nursing
nursing intervention splinting of chest and discomfort and an upright intervention the patient
Source: the patient will be effective coughing while in position favors deeper and was able able to:
Ineffective Airway able to: upright position more forceful cough effort
Clearance making it more effective 1. Display/maintain patent
Nursing Diagnosis 1.Display/maintain 6. Elevate head of bed, 6. Doing so would lower the airway with breath sounds
& Care Plan from patent airway with change position frequently , diaphragm and promote chest clearing; absence of
https://rnlessons.c breath sounds if tolerated expansion, aeration of lung dyspnea, cyanosis, as
om/ineffective- clearing; absence of segments, mobilization and evidenced by keeping a
airway-clearance- dyspnea, cyanosis, expectoration of secretions patent airway and
nursing- as evidenced by 7. Maintain adequate 7. Fluids, especially effectively clearing
diagnosis-care-pl keeping a patent hydration by forcing fluids warmliquids, aid in mobilization secretions. Goal met
airway and to at least 3000 mL/day and expectoration of
unless contraindicated (

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 effectively clearing secretions
secretions Dependent:
Dependent:
1. Administer medications
as indicated (e.g., 1. Mucolytics increase or
mucolytics ,expectorants) liquefy respiratory secretions
and Expectorants increase
productive cough to clear the
2. Assist with bronchoscopy airways
and/or thoracentesis, if 2.To remove mucous plugs,
indicated. drain purulent secretions, and
drain associated pleural
effusions and prevent
atelectasis.

Collaborative: Collaborative:

1. Monitor serial chest x- 1. Follows progress and

rays, ABGs, pulse oximetry effects and extent of
readings. pneumonia.

Source: Vera ,M. (2020). 11 Pneumonia Nursing Care Plans. Retrieved June 07, 2021 from https://nurseslabs.com/pneumonia-nursing-care-
plans/

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 DIAGNOSTIC INDICATION RESULTS NORMAL VALLUE
PROCEURE
THYROID STUDIES to check how well TSH: 3.400 uIU/mL TSH:0.25-5.0
your thyroid is working FT4: 10.06 pmol/L FT4: 12.0-20.0
8/22/21 and to find the cause of
problems such as Interpretation:The result of the patient’s FT4
8:27pm hyperthyroidism or shows that there is lower metabolism rate in
hypothyroidism the patient’s body. Abnormally low free T 4
levels may signal hypothyroidism
CBC a blood test used to
evaluate your overall

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 8/21/20 health and detect a wide
range of disorders, WBC 13.4 H 103/mm3 WBC 4.4 – 11.0 103/mm3
10:52 pm
including anemia,
infection and leukemia

% # % #

NEU 87.7 H NEU 37.0 – 80.0 1.80 – 7.80

11.74 H

LYM 7.6 L 1.02 LYM 10.0 – 50.0 1.0 – 4.80

MON MON 0.0 – 12.0 0.20 – 1.00

0.50
3.7

EOS
0.8
0.11 EOS 0.0 – 7.0 0.0 – 0.50

BAS 0.2 0.03 BAS 0.0 – 2.5 0.0 – 0.20

RBC 4.50 – 5.90 103/mm3

Interpretation: High WBC & NEU and a low
LYM indicate the body is fighting an
infection.
HGB 14.0 – 17.5 g/dL

RBC 4.08 L 103/mm3

HCT 41.5 – 50.4 %

HGB 13.0 L g/dL MCV 80 – 96 μm3

HCT 39.4 L % MCH 27.5 – 33.0 pg

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 MCV 97 H μm3 MCHC 32.0 – 36.0 g/dL

MCH 32.0 pg
RDW 11.6 – 14.8 %

MCHC 33.1 g/dL

PLT 150 – 450 103/mm3

RDW 11.4 L % MPV 6.0 – 11.0 μm3

PLT 281 103/mm3

MPV 8.2 μm3

Interpretation: A low hematocrit with low

RBC count and low
hemoglobin indicates anemia. MCV value is
increased, the RBC is said to be abnormally
large, or macrocytic. This is most frequently
seen in megaloblastic anemias (e.g., vitamin
B12 or folic acid deficiency)

PROTHROMBIN TIME Prothrombin time (PT) is Patient: 11.8 sec Control: 11.2 sec Patient: 9.2-13.2 sec Control: -
a blood test that INR:1.05 - % Activity: 94.92 % INR: 0.84-1.11 % Activity: 83-143
measures how long it
takes blood to clot. Interpretation: Patient’s results are within
A prothrombin time test normal range which means that the patient

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 8/21/20 can be used to check for does not have problems/abnormalities in this
10:52 pm bleeding problem aspect