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Operating System Assignment

An Operating System (OS) is software that manages hardware resources and provides services to applications, with types including Batch, Time-Sharing, Distributed, Real-Time, Network, and Mobile OS. Key features include multitasking, memory management, and security, while services encompass program execution, I/O operations, and file system manipulation. The document also covers file systems, process scheduling, memory management techniques, deadlock handling, and introduces distributed and multiprocessor operating systems, highlighting UNIX and Linux as examples.

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7 views5 pages

Operating System Assignment

An Operating System (OS) is software that manages hardware resources and provides services to applications, with types including Batch, Time-Sharing, Distributed, Real-Time, Network, and Mobile OS. Key features include multitasking, memory management, and security, while services encompass program execution, I/O operations, and file system manipulation. The document also covers file systems, process scheduling, memory management techniques, deadlock handling, and introduces distributed and multiprocessor operating systems, highlighting UNIX and Linux as examples.

Uploaded by

hasew70374
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating System Assignment

1. What is an Operating System?

An Operating System (OS) is system software that acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and

users. It manages hardware resources and provides services to software applications.

Types of Operating Systems:

- Batch OS: No interaction with the user, jobs are processed in batches.

- Time-Sharing OS: Allows multiple users to use the system simultaneously.

- Distributed OS: Manages a group of distinct computers and makes them appear as a single computer.

- Real-Time OS: Processes data without delay, used in systems that require immediate response.

- Network OS: Provides networking functions to manage data, users, and groups.

- Mobile OS: Designed for mobile devices like smartphones (e.g., Android, iOS).

Features:

- Multitasking

- Memory Management

- Security

- Resource Allocation

- User Interface

2. Services of Operating System & Characteristics

Services:

- Program Execution

- I/O Operations

- File System Manipulation


- Communication Services

- Error Detection

- Resource Allocation

- Security and Protection

Characteristics:

- Efficiency

- Reliability

- Scalability

- User-Friendliness

- Portability

3. What is a File System & Its Modules

A File System manages how data is stored and retrieved.

Modules of File System:

- File Control Block

- File Organization Module

- Logical File System

- Physical File System

- Directory Structure Management

- Access Control Module

4. Process System Diagram, Multiple Processor Scheduling & Threads

Process System Diagram:

New -> Ready -> Running -> Terminated

^ v
Waiting <- I/O

Multiple Processor Scheduling:

- Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP): Each processor performs all tasks.

- Asymmetric Multiprocessing (AMP): Each processor is assigned a specific task.

Threads:

Threads are the smallest unit of execution. Threads within a process share code, data, and resources.

5. Memory Management Techniques

- Paging: Memory is divided into fixed-size pages.

- Segmentation: Divides memory into variable-sized segments.

- Swapping: Temporarily moves processes to disk to free memory.

- Page Segmentation: Combination of paging and segmentation.

Virtual Memory:

Allows execution of processes not completely in memory.

Demand Paging:

Pages are loaded only when requested.

6. Input/Output Interface

The I/O Interface manages communication between the CPU and peripheral devices using:

- I/O Ports

- Device Controllers

- Drivers

- Interrupt Handlers
- Buffers and Caches

7. Deadlock Problem & Solutions

Deadlock: Occurs when a group of processes is blocked, each waiting for a resource held by another.

Deadlock Handling:

- Prevention: Avoid conditions for deadlock.

- Avoidance: Use safe state techniques (e.g., Banker's Algorithm).

- Recovery: Abort or preempt processes.

- Detection: Identify and handle deadlocks.

8. Introduction to Distributed Operating Systems

A Distributed OS manages multiple computers to appear as a single system.

Examples: LOCUS, Amoeba, Windows Server.

Features:

- Resource sharing

- Transparency

- Fault tolerance

- Scalability

9. Multiprocessor Operating Systems

Supports multiple CPUs in one system to increase power and reliability.

Types:

- Tightly Coupled Systems (Shared memory)


- Loosely Coupled Systems (Distributed memory)

10. What is Linux or Unix Operating System?

UNIX: Multiuser, secure, and flexible OS.

Linux: Open-source UNIX-like OS.

Features:

- Multitasking

- Multiuser

- Security

- Portability

- Open-source (Linux)

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