Lecture Notes – Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence
1. Definition of AI
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines,
especially computer systems. It includes learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception,
and language understanding.
2. History of AI
- 1950: Alan Turing introduced the Turing Test.
- 1956: John McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence."
- 1980s: Rise of Expert Systems.
- 2010s–Present: Deep Learning and Neural Networks dominate AI research.
3. Major Areas of AI
- Machine Learning (ML): Algorithms that allow computers to learn patterns from data.
- Natural Language Processing (NLP): Understanding and generating human language.
- Computer Vision: Analyzing and interpreting images and videos.
- Robotics: Applying AI to control physical machines.
4. Applications of AI
- Healthcare: Disease diagnosis, drug discovery.
- Finance: Fraud detection, algorithmic trading.
- Transportation: Self-driving cars.
- Education: Intelligent tutoring systems.
5. Ethical Concerns
- Bias in algorithms.
- Privacy and surveillance.
- Automation and job displacement.
- Responsible use of AI.
6. Future Trends
- General Artificial Intelligence (AGI).
- Integration of AI with IoT and quantum computing.
- AI for sustainable development.
