BMS AND SCADA DR OLUWAFEMI ONI

SYSTEMS

OE Oni, Ph.D.
 Contents

• Introduction to SCADA
• SCADA Architecture
• SCADA Evolution
• Introduction to BMS System
• Typical BMS Electrical Metering Application
• Smart Home Metering Systems
 Introduction to SCADA

• SCADA stands for supervisory control and data

acquisition.
• It is a category of software applications for
controlling industrial processes, which is the
gathering of data in real time from remote
locations in order to control equipment and
conditions.

• SCADA systems include hardware and software

components.
 Introduction….

• The hardware gathers and feeds data

into field controller systems, which
forward the data to other systems that
process and present it to a human-
machine interface (HMI) in a timely
manner.
• SCADA systems also record and log all
events for reporting process status and
issues. SCADA applications warn when
conditions become hazardous by
sounding alarms.
 Working of SCADA
• The SCADA systems perform some
functions, including data
acquisition, data communication,
information/data presentation, and
monitoring/control.
• These functions are performed by
the components of the SCADA, such
as sensors, RTUs, controllers, a
communication network, etc.
• The sensors are used to gather
essential data, and RTUs are used
to send this data to the controller
to display the system’s status.
• According to the status, the user gives the command to other components to
perform their function. A communication network does this function.
 Components of a SCADA
system
• Sensors is a feature of a device or system that
detects inputs from industrial processes.
• An actuator is a feature of the device or system
that controls the mechanism of the process.
• In simple terms, a sensor functions like a gauge
or meter, which displays the status of a
machine; an actuator acts like a switch, dial or
control valve that can be used to control a
device.
• Both sensors and actuators are controlled and
monitored by SCADA field controllers.
Example of sensors and
Actuator
 Components of SCADA…

• SCADA field controllers interface

directly with sensors and
actuators. There are two
categories of field controllers:
• Remote telemetry units, also called
remote terminal units (RTUs),
interface with sensors to collect
telemetry data and forward it to a
primary system for further action.
• Programmable logic controllers
(PLCs) interface with actuators to
control industrial processes, usually
based on current telemetry
collected by RTUs and the
standards set for the processes.
 Components…

• SCADA supervisory computers.

• These control all SCADA processes and are
used to gather data from field devices and
to send commands to those devices to
control industrial processes.
 SCADA Interface

• HMI software provides a system

that consolidates and presents
data from SCADA field devices and
enables operators to understand
and, if needed, modify the status
of SCADA-controlled processes.

• Communication infrastructure
enables SCADA supervisory
systems to communicate with
field devices and field controllers.
This infrastructure enables SCADA
systems to collect data from field
devices and to control those
devices.
 Features of SCADA
systems
• Data acquisition: sensors collect data and deliver it to
field controllers, which, in turn, feed data to the
SCADA computers.

• Remote control is achieved through the control of

field actuators, based on the data acquired from field
sensors.

• Networked data communication enables all SCADA

functions. Data collected from sensors is transmitted
to SCADA field controllers, which, in turn,
communicate with the SCADA supervisory computers
• Remote control commands are transmitted back to
actuators from the SCADA supervisory computers.
 How it works

Data presentation is achieved

through HMIs, which represent
current and historical data to the
operators running the SCADA
system.
 Data and
Notification
• Real-time and historical data enable
users to track current performance
against historical trends.
• Alarms alert SCADA operators to
potentially significant conditions in
the system. Alerts can be configured
to notify operators when processes
are blocked, failing, or when other
aspects of SCADA processes need to
be stopped, started or adjusted.
• Reporting on SCADA system
operations can include reports on
system status, process performance
and reports customized to specific
uses.
Essential Features of a SCADA system

• Monitor and control of industrial equipment and process though graphically

representation.
• Trends and Patterns using Real Time and Historical Data
• Alarm Handling
• Built in Industrial grade durability
• SMS (Text Notification)
• Early event & Root cause analysis
• Networking:
• Analysis and Reports
• Data Export & SAP Connectivity
SCADA architecture

• Level 0. The field level includes field devices, such as sensors,

used to forward data relating to field processes and actuators
used to control processes.
• Level 1. The direct control level includes local controllers, such as
PLCs and RTUs, that interface directly with field devices,
including accepting data inputs from sensors and sending
commands to field device actuators.
• Level 2. The plant supervisory level includes local supervisory
systems that aggregate data from level controllers and issue
commands for those controllers to carry out.
SCADA architecture

• Level 3. The production control level includes systemwide

supervisory systems that aggregate data from Level 2 systems to
produce ongoing reporting to the production scheduling level, as
well as other site or regionwide functions, like alerts and
reporting.
• Level 4. The production scheduling level includes business systems
used to manage ongoing processes.
 SCADA uses and industry
examples

• SCADA is used to assist in automating and

managing industrial processes that have become
too complex or cumbersome for human monitoring
and control. SCADA is particularly useful for
processes that can be monitored and controlled
remotely, especially in cases where it is possible
to reduce waste and improve efficiency.

• Some common industry examples of SCADA

industrial automation are the following:
Industry examples

ELECTRICITY OIL AND GAS REFINING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRANSPORTATION AND FABRICATION AND
GENERATION AND OPERATIONS; INFRASTRUCTURE; SHIPPING OTHER INDUSTRIAL
DISTRIBUTION; INFRASTRUCTURE; PROCESSING;

FOOD AND BEVERAGE CHEMICAL UTILITIES

PROCESSING; MANUFACTURING; AND INFRASTRUCTURE,
INCLUDING WATER AND
WASTE CONTROL.
Evolution of Inudstrial Automation
Personnel had to monitor with Press Button
Evolution of Inudstrial Automation
Later there is switches and timers for control
Evolution of Inudstrial Automation
Reduction in human interference, reduced labour.
Evolution of Inudstrial Automation
Inclusion of SCADA, then with addition of another process
Evolution of Inudstrial Automation
More Process are added with RTUs and PLCs
Evolution of Inudstrial Automation
Introduction of SQL to store time-series data
 Evolution of Inudstrial Automation
Remote control and operation via ethernet, wifi, or web base application
 Evolution of SCADA architecture

• The earliest SCADA systems were implemented in large

industrial enterprises, as they first started to integrate
mainframe computing resources with industrial
processes.

• As computing, networking, and process monitoring and

control systems have improved, SCADA evolved through
the following four stages:
 First generation

• Monolithic systems SCADA

This systems was implemented in the
1960s and 1970s usually and
incorporated RTUs at industrial sites
connected directly to mainframe or
minicomputer systems, usually also
on-site or connected over wide area
network
 Second generation

• Distributed systems SCADA

This systems took advantage of wide
availability of proprietary local area
networks and smaller, more powerful
computers during the 1980s to enable
greater sharing of operational data at
the plant level and beyond.
However, the lack of open networking
standards prevented interoperability
across SCADA product vendors.
 Third generation

• Networked systems SCADA

This systems depended on greater
interoperability provided by industry
acceptance and incorporation of
standard network protocols during the
1990s.
SCADA systems could be scaled more
easily, as enterprises were able to
integrate systems across their own
industrial infrastructure, while using a
wider variety of devices and systems.
 Fourth generation

• Web or IoT-based systems SCADA

This systems began appearing in the
early 2000s as SCADA vendors
embraced web software development
tools to enable transparent
interoperability and access via
universally available interfaces, like
web browsers running on handheld
devices, laptops and desktop
computers.
 Modern SCADA

• Modern SCADA systems that rely on

network interoperability, distributed
computing and modern
communication infrastructures offer
better returns on investment of time
and resources.

• Setting Up Smart SCADA for Digital

Transformation
Overview of Modern SCADA
Example 1

• Smart Water systems

 • Water Treatments Plants

Example 2
 Scalability. Modern SCADA systems are more scalable than
legacy systems for several reasons, including better
availability of supported hardware and software and use
of cloud computing to meet workload demand.

Interoperability. Legacy SCADA systems rely on proprietary

Benefits of
hardware and software, resulting in vendor lock-in.

modern Communications. Modern SCADA systems support more

SCADA widely supported and modern communications protocols,

which enable greater accessibility to SCADA data and
controls.

Support. Legacy SCADA systems may have limited options

for support, while modern systems are more likely to be
well supported by vendors. Use of commercial off-the-
shelf hardware, open networking standards and modern
software development platforms makes third-party
support more accessible as well.
 Define what you want to monitor clearly and understand it

Determine what type of data you want to collect and how

Add gateways to join recent data collection points

How to
Implement a Create data collection points if required

SCADA Centralize the data to the monitoring location you want

Solution Map data in the SCADA application of your choice

Add visualizations of controls and data processes

Define rules and automation

 It needs
It comes with
programmers,
complex hardware
skilled operators,
units and dependent
and analysts for
modules.
maintenance.

Limitations of Installation cost is

Many speculate that
SCADA can help
SCADA high. increase the
unemployment rate.

Data Transfer rate is

dependent on
network.
BMS
 Introduction to BMS System
A BMS or Building Management System, otherwise known as a building automation system (BAS), or
as Direct Digital Controls (DDC) is a computer-based control system installed in buildings that
controls and monitors the building’s mechanical and electrical equipment such as ventilation,
lighting, power systems, fire systems, and security systems.

It is also an “Intelligent” microprocessor-based systems which centralizes and simplifies,

Control, Monitor the Operation and Managements of Heating, air-conditioning, ventilation,
and other budling services to achieve safe and comfortable working environment

It enhance energy savings and efficient operation at reduced time and cost

What BMS CONTROLS

Temperature, moisture, circulation, lighting
 Need for BMS

• Comfortable and safe

environment for building by
controlling
• Air handling units
• Fan coil units
• Chillers pumps
• Boilers
• VFDs
• Exhaust fans
• Light irradiance and illumination
• Sounds
• And many more
 THE DAY TO DAY ROLE OF
THE BMS

• Control of • Fault • Control

Building Systems Management and Application
and Services Alarming Programming

• Time Scheduling
• Graphic User • User Event
of Building
Interface (GUI) Management
Systems

• Real Time • Trending and • Energy

Monitoring of Logging of Management and
Building Operation Building Operation Reporting
and Performance and Performance (NABERS)
What Does Intelligent
Microprocessor Control
Mean?

• Takes all fields input and generate an

outputs
 Components of BMS

• Centralized workstation
computer
• With powerful user-friendly
software
• Used for everyday building
operation

• DDC controller
• Microprocessors based
• Fully programmable
• Controls the HVAC equipments
 Components of BMS

• Field Devices
• Temperature and Humidity and
pressure sensors
• Valves and actuators
 BMS System Architecture
• The System Architecture has four
levels:
• Service Level
• Management Level
• Control Level
• Field Level
 BMS System Architecture

• Another Architectural
Design of a BMS
Typical User Interface Options

• Can be a basic LCD display through to full Graphic

Operator Workstations.
• The Graphic Interface must be intuitive to use and
not require an Engineering degree to interpret
• They must provide sufficient level of detail to
enable the operator to determine what is happening
and what is going to happen next
• Graphics need to provide access to parameters for
tuning and seasonal information needs to be built
into the system
BMS Simple User Interfaces –
Built in Display

• User defined menus.

• Built into the BMS controller or a remote device
• Password protected
• Monitor and control field points, operating
setpoints, time schedules, alarm management, even
trend data
 Features of BMS systems

• Man/Machine interface
• Interact with the connected
technical building equipment.
• User-friendly for
operators/Engineering's

• Reporting
• Present Customized subset of
data
• Actual or historical state
• Export as a word or excel
documents or to a printer
 Features of BMS
systems
• System Security
• To prevent unauthorized use
• Password protection
• Operator specific access
• Operator log summary

• Data logging
• The automatic gathering and storage
of data from the equipment's for
later analysis and reporting
• Dynamically or historical
• Customized charts and graphs
• Tabular reports.
 Building
Architecture

• Building Architecture
showing
• Sensors,
• Actuators and,
• Meters
• Devices
• Remote connectivity
• Provide remote access to the system with full functionality through
• Local area network
• Dial up
• Internet via web browser

• User-friendly data presentation

• Co-ordination of the flow of the information through the system by
implementing customized graphics floor plans of the building
• Graphical representation of the equipments.
BMS System Architecture
 Typical BMS Electrical Metering
Application
• Zone temperature monitoring and control
• Zone Variable Air Volume (VAV) control to zones
• Zone CO2 monitoring and control (Air Quality)
• Air handling unit supply air temperature control
• Air handling unit supply air flow/pressure control
• Main Plant Chiller and Boiler sequencing
• Toilet, car park, kitchen and general exhaust fan control
• After Hours Building Control
 Advantages of BMS versus Stand-
alone control

REDUCED FLEXIBILITY AND CUSTOMISED SCALABILITY

INSTALLATION EASE OF CHANGE CONTROL
COSTS STRATEGIES

OPERATOR INTERACTION, INTEGRATION WITH

FEEDBACK AND CONTROL OTHER BUILDING
SERVICES
Control Loop Optimisation
Importance of System
Documentation

• DI – Digital Inputs
• DO – Digital Outputs
• AI – Analogue Input
• AO – Analogue Output
• HLI – High Level Interface
Benefits of BMS system
Manpower
Cost Savings
Improved
Environment
Comfort
al Benefits
controlled

Security, Fire
Energy
Detection &
Savings
Alarm

Improved Single Seat

Reliability Supervision

Monitoring &
Targeting
Benefits of BMS
 AHU
Chillers
Main Plant Boilers
Cooling Towers
Pumps

Usage and Split Units

Coordination Room Control Lighting

of BMS Blinds

PV
Energy & Wind Turbine
Sustainability Biomass Boilers
Chilled Beams
Typical Practical usage of
BMS
Smart Home
Metering
Systems
OLD ANALOG METER
CONFIGURATION
 DIGITAL METER

• A typical meter will convert

signals proportional to
instantaneous voltage and
current to digital, then
compute average and
instantaneous real power,
reactive power, active
energy, etc., and transmit
the information serially.
SMART METER

• Circuit Diagram of the Smart Meter

Smart Home
Metering
Systems
OLD METER CONFIGURATION
ENERGY METER WITH ANTI
TAMPERING

• THREE PHASE ENERGY METER WITH ANTI

TAMPERING
Smart Home
Metering
Systems
HOUSEHOLD WITH SOLAR PV
REQUIRES A SMART METER
Smart Home
Metering
Systems
HOUSEHOLD CONFIGURATION
OF A SMART METER
Smart Home
Metering
Systems
HOUSEHOLD CONFIGURATION
OF A SMART METER
SCADA vs BMS

SCADA BMS
SCADA Stands for Supervisory Control and BMS stands for Building Management System
Data Acquisition
Installed on PCs and applied to PLCs or BMS is used with dedicated controllers
Industrial Automation control
Communications are performed over Communication are performed over BACnet,
dedicated buses such as field bus, profibus, EIB, Lon Works etc. Protocol converters may
modbus, or industrial Ethernets etcs be used to interlink BMS with SCADA
 SCADA vs BMS (Application Area)

• SCADA is used in wide range of applications • BMS is Limited to building

• Electrical Power Transmission & Distribution control Applications
• Manufacturing & Production • Airports
• Power Generation, Fabrication & Refining • Hospitals
• Water Treatments and Distribution • Ships
• Wastewater collection & treatment • Hotel
• Oil & gas pipelines • Schools & Universities
• Large communication systems • Malls
• BMS monitor & control HVAC and
Energy Consumption.
 SCADA vs BMS (Performance)

• SCADA • BMS
• Lifetime 12 – 15 years • Lifetime 7 – 10 years
• More robust material • Economical material
• Control actions are taken in milliseconds • Control actions are taken in seconds by
by the controller the controller
• Redundant system • Redundancy is optional
• Good alarm performance within seconds • Good alarm performance within seconds
• Very fast trending and logging of but slower than SCADA
historical data and alarms. • Trending and logging happens at a normal
speed depends on product.
 SCADA vs BMS (System Components)

• SCADA • BMS
• Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) Connecting
to field instruments, converting signals • Direct Digital Controller (DDC) with
(Analog, Digital etc.) remote I/O modules.
• Programmable logic controller (PLC) are • Supported PLC programming and
used with SCADA and they are more functional block programming.
economical, versatile, flexible and • Programming of dedicated controllers
configurable than special purpose RTUs. (Like: Trend) used with the BMS are
• Programming of PLCs are much easier much complex usually in C Language.
and expertise are readily available in • Expertise for BMS programming are not
market. available as much.
 SCADA vs BMS (Advantages/Disadvantages)

• SCADA • BMS
• Not so familia with HVAC stabdard
protocols (BACnet, LON works, MSTP • Specialized in the HVAC protocols, DDC
etc.) it used either Modbus or Profibus can communicate with either BACnet or
LON works etc.
• Very weak and slow in Third Party
integration • Very open and fast to Third Party
Integration (Power Meters, Access
• Higher initial cost Control, CCTV, Fire Alarm, VFDs etc.)
• High operation cost as it needs qualified • Lower operating cost
and trained people for operation
• Lower operating cost
• High spare parts.
• Lower spare parts
Thanks
Any Questions??
• https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/SCADA-supervisory-control-and-data-
acquisition#:~:text=SCADA%20(supervisory%20control%20and%20data%20acquisition)%20is%20a%20category%20of,to%20control%20equipment%20and%20conditions.
References
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261164158_Improving_security_in_SCADA_systems_through_firewall_policy_analysis/figures?lo=1
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlogic.com%2Fcompany%2Fio-hub%2Fsmart-scada-digital-
transformation%2F&psig=AOvVaw0mHAgRre0peDWMDcuNgvCW&ust=1684148333064000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBQQ3YkBahcKEwiQ9cXK0_T-AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQTw
• https://asteamtechno.com/what-is-scada-aveva-wonderware-scada-software-solution-provider/
• https://realpars.com/scada/
• https://instrumentationtools.com/scada-system-architecture/
• https://geekflare.com/scada-for-beginners/
• https://www.reverecontrol.com/scada-basics-what-are-scada-and-telemetry/
• https://www.controleng.com/articles/customized-scada-systems/
• https://www.dosupply.com/tech/2019/02/04/explaining-hmi-scada-and-plcs-what-they-do-and-how-they-work-together/
• https://www.influxdata.com/glossary/SCADA-supervisory-control-and-data-acquisition/
• https://www.scribd.com/presentation/486843446/Difference-between-SCADA-and-BMS
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhsss.me%2Fsolutions%2Fmep-solutions%2Fbuilding-management-
system%2F&psig=AOvVaw1YY6EqB3UJ5sKKY2VE0zh2&ust=1684165121136000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBQQ3YkBahcKEwiYqLCQkvX-AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQCQ
• https://elektrovat.net/2021/06/29/bms-system/
• https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/bms-the-basics-explained.pdf
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327730981_Study_on_designing_an_automated_system_of_efficient_HVAC_control_for_energy_saving_in_industrial_buildings/figures?lo=1
• https://electricresults.com.au/bms
• https://www.protoconvert.com/directsolutions/integratingpowermeters.aspx
• https://agavesi.com/building-management-system/
• https://methodstatementhq.com/method-statement-for-installation-of-bms-building-management-system.html
• http://integratedbuildingmanagementsystem.blogspot.com/2011/03/system-architecture-of-bms.html
• https://anhnguyencontrols.com/en/service/building-management-system/
• https://www.integrasources.com/blog/bms-battery-management-system-battery-storage-solution/
• https://bmsauxiliarysystem.wordpress.com/building-management-system/schematic-diagrams/
• https://instrumentationtools.com/building-management-system/
• https://bms-system.com/understand-the-basic-concept-of-bms-system/