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Structure of Real Time Systems

The document outlines the structure and characteristics of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS), which serve as a bridge between users and hardware, ensuring timely and correct task execution. It describes the multi-layer structure of real-time systems, including hardware, RTOS, application layers, and middleware, while highlighting key characteristics such as time constraints, safety criticality, and concurrency. Additionally, it lists various applications of real-time systems across industries such as automotive, medical, aerospace, and telecommunications.

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67 views2 pages

Structure of Real Time Systems

The document outlines the structure and characteristics of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS), which serve as a bridge between users and hardware, ensuring timely and correct task execution. It describes the multi-layer structure of real-time systems, including hardware, RTOS, application layers, and middleware, while highlighting key characteristics such as time constraints, safety criticality, and concurrency. Additionally, it lists various applications of real-time systems across industries such as automotive, medical, aerospace, and telecommunications.

Uploaded by

IG VIPER YT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Structure of Real-Time Systems

1. What is an Operating System?


• An Operating System (OS) is system software that acts as a bridge between the user and the
computer hardware.
• It controls the execution of programs and manages CPU, memory, and I/O devices.
• Without an OS, a user cannot easily interact with the system.
• Examples: RTOS (FreeRTOS, VxWorks), Windows, MacOS, UNIX.

2. What is a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)?


• A Real-Time Operating System ensures both correctness of results and timely completion.
• Even a correct result is useless if it is late.
• It ensures strict timing for each task.
• Examples: VxWorks, QNX, RTX, FreeRTOS, Zephyr, RTEMS, ChibiOS, embOS, Nut/OS.

3. Structure of a Real-Time System


• A real-time system has multiple layers to ensure predictability and fast response.
• Hardware Layer: Provides CPU, memory, timers, interrupt controllers, buses.
• RTOS Layer: Manages tasks, scheduling, interrupts, communication, and resources.
• Application Layer: Contains control and monitoring tasks (Periodic and Aperiodic).
• Interfaces and Middleware: Enables communication between components or devices.

4. Characteristics of Real-Time Systems


• Time Constraints: Tasks must meet deadlines.
• Correctness: Correct results delivered on time.
• Embedded Nature: Usually part of larger systems like cars or aircraft.
• Safety Critical: Failures can cause danger (airbag, pacemaker).
• Concurrency: Handles multiple inputs at once.
• Stability: Remains stable under overload.
• Exception Handling: Switches to safe mode during failures.
• Criticality: Failure of critical tasks affects safety.
• Custom Hardware: Uses ARM cores, DSPs, etc.
• Reactive: Continuously interacts with environment.
• Large and Complex: Range from small controllers to satellites.
• Concurrent Control: Models real-world parallelism.

5. Applications of Real-Time Systems


• Industrial Automation: Robotics, process control.
• Medical Systems: Pacemakers, patient monitoring.
• Automotive & Transport: Engine control, airbags, ABS.
• Aerospace & Defense: Flight control, missile guidance.
• Telecommunications: Switching systems, 5G routers.
• Internet & Multimedia: Gaming, video streaming.
• Consumer Electronics: Smart TVs, washing machines.
• Sports: Ball tracking, Hawk-Eye, Snickometer.
• Miscellaneous: Ticket reservation, railway signaling.

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