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Process Scheduling in An Operating System

Process scheduling in an operating system determines which process uses the CPU and when, focusing on efficient resource allocation and system performance. It involves aspects like CPU management, process prioritization, context switching, and various scheduling algorithms to optimize performance metrics such as turnaround time and CPU utilization. Overall, it is essential for effective multitasking and fair resource distribution in an OS.

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Kalai Kannan Packirisamy
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24 views2 pages

Process Scheduling in An Operating System

Process scheduling in an operating system determines which process uses the CPU and when, focusing on efficient resource allocation and system performance. It involves aspects like CPU management, process prioritization, context switching, and various scheduling algorithms to optimize performance metrics such as turnaround time and CPU utilization. Overall, it is essential for effective multitasking and fair resource distribution in an OS.

Uploaded by

Kalai Kannan Packirisamy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Process scheduling in an operating system (OS) is the mechanism by

which the OS determines which process gets to use the CPU and when,
ensuring efficient resource allocation and system performance. It's a core
function of the process manager, deciding which process to run, which to
put on hold, and which to terminate.

Key aspects of process scheduling:


 CPU Management:
The primary goal is to effectively manage the CPU, making sure it's always busy
and maximizing its utilization.
 Process Prioritization:
Scheduling algorithms determine which process gets priority access to the CPU
based on various factors like process type, priority, and resource requirements.
 Context Switching:
When the OS switches from one process to another, it saves the current process's
state (registers, memory) and loads the state of the next process. This process is
known as context switching.
 Queues:
Different queues are used to manage processes at various stages of their
lifecycle: job queue (all processes), ready queue (processes ready to run), device
queues (processes waiting for I/O devices).
 Schedulers:
Different schedulers handle different aspects of process scheduling:
 Long-term scheduler (job scheduler): Selects processes from the job queue and
loads them into memory, controlling the degree of multiprogramming.
 Short-term scheduler (CPU scheduler): Chooses the next process to run on the
CPU.
 Medium-term scheduler: Swaps processes in and out of memory (swapping).
 Scheduling Algorithms:
Various algorithms are used for process scheduling, each with its own strengths
and weaknesses: First-Come, First-Served (FCFS), Shortest Job Next
(SJN), Priority Scheduling, Round Robin, Multilevel Queue Scheduling.
 Goals:
Scheduling aims to optimize various performance metrics, such as:
 Turnaround time: Time from process submission to completion.
 Waiting time: Time spent waiting in the ready queue.
 Response time: Time from a request to the first response.
 Throughput: Number of processes completed per unit time.
 CPU utilization: Percentage of time the CPU is busy.
 Fairness: Ensuring all processes get a reasonable share of resources.
In essence, process scheduling is the foundation for efficient and effective
multitasking in an operating system, ensuring that resources are allocated
fairly and system performance is optimized.

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