CHAPTER 15

DATA HANDLING

Compendium

A. Pictorial representation of data

B. Pictograph

C. Bar graph

D. Pie chart

E. Bird’s eye view

F. Solved examples

G. Practice yourself

H. Solutions

1
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING

A. Pictorial representation of data

Representing numerical data with the help of pictures or graphs is

known as pictorial representation of data. These visual
representation makes our understanding more clear.

B. Pictograph

In pictograph, we use icons, pictures or symbols repetitively to show

the relationship between two quantities. Pictographs are also
known by the names of pictogram, pictorial chart, pictorial graph or
picture graph. The quantity that each picture symbolizes is specified
clearly in the representation; this helps to represent large quantities
of data.

Example 1:

The elves wanted to find out what kind of cookies Santa likes.
They followed Santa for a day and made a picture graph of all the
cookies Santa ate.

2
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
Now, answer these questions:
a. How many cookies did Santa eat in total?
Ans. 12 cookies
b. How many chocolate cookies did he eat?
Ans. 3 cookies
c. From the pictograph above, figure out which cookies did Santa
like the most.
Ans. Sugar cookies
Example 2:

The following graph shows the number of oranges that were sold
in 3 weeks:

Now, answer the following questions:

Q1. How many oranges were sold in the third week?
Ans. 20 x 3 = 60 oranges (as one orange stand for 20 oranges)
Q2. In which week the maximum number of oranges were sold?
Ans. In Week 2

3
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
Example 3:
Study the given pictograph and answer the questions.
Key:  =20cars

Months Number of cars manufactured

July

August

September

October

November

December

Pictograph of the number of cars manufactured in six months

Answer the following questions:
a. What does the pictograph represent?
Ans. It represents the number of cars manufactured in a company
from July to December.
b. In which month did the company manufacture the maximum
number of cars?
Ans. July
c. In which month was the production minimum?
Ans. October

4
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
d. Find the total number of cars manufactured from July to
December.
Ans. 580 cars
e. In which quarter of a year was the production more—the 3rd
quarter or the 4th?
Ans. 3rd quarter.

Checkpoint 1

1. The pictograph given below shows the total number of cakes

sold by a confectionery shop in five days:

Days No. of cakes sold = 10 cakes.

MON

TUES

WED

THURS

FRI

Answer the following questions:

a. How many cakes were sold on Monday?
b. On which day were the fewest number of cakes sold?
c. How many were more cakes sold on Friday than on Wednesday?

5
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
d. Which day recorded maximum sales in cakes?
2. All elves have been helping Santa. This pictogram represents
how many gifts were wrapped by each elf.

Answer the following questions:

a. Which elf wrapped the most gifts?
b. Which two elves wrapped 5 gifts each?
c. Who wrapped the fewest gifts?
d. How many gifts did Jack wrap?
e. How many gifts did elves wrap together?
3. The pictograph given below expresses the number of persons who
traveled from Varanasi to New Delhi by Shiva Ganga Express on each
day of a week.

6
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING

Answer the following questions:

a. On which day was there maximum rush in the train?
b. How many travelers traveled during the week?
c. On which day was there minimum rush in the train?
d. Find the difference between the number of travelers who traveled
in maximum and minimum numbers.
C. BAR GRAPH / COLUMN CHART
The bar graph is the simplest form of representing data by showing
rectangular bars of different heights. They are also known as bar
charts, column graphs and column charts.
The bars can be drawn vertically or horizontally. It makes the
comparison easier.

7
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
Example 1:
The graph shows different grades scored by students in grade 4.

Now, answer the following questions:

1. How many students scored in Grade B?
Ans. 25 students
2. Which Grade was least scored?
Ans. Grade D
3. How many students scored Grade A?
Ans. 10 students
4. How many students are there in grade 4?
Ans. 10 + 25 + 10 + 5 = 50 students
Example 2:
Study the given bar graph and answer the questions.

8
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
a. Which month records the maximum number of birthdays?
Ans. January bar is the longest—so January has the maximum
number of birthdays.
b. Which month has no birthdays?
Ans. October has no birthdays.
c. Which months have an equal number of birthdays?
Ans. February, June, July, and December have 3 each; August and
September have 4 each; May and November have 5 each.
Drawing a bar graph
To draw a bar graph:
• Look at the given data and choose an appropriate scale starting
at zero.
• Draw and label the scale on the horizontal and the vertical axes.
• List the name of each item.
• Draw bars to represent each number.
• Give a title to the graph.
Pro tip: Maintain a uniform gap between the bars
Example 3:
The average speed of a person in different modes of transport
are given below. Represent the data given in the form of a bar
graph.
Mode of transport Speed

Bicycle 16 km/h

Car 64 km/h

Walk 8 km/h

Train 48 km/h

9
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
Solution:

To represent this data in the form of a bar graph:

(i) Mark a Point O on a graph sheet (usually at the bottom left-hand
corner).
(ii) Draw two lines OX and OY perpendicular to each other.
(iii) In order to make a vertical graph, write ‘Modes of travel’ along
the horizontal axis OX and ‘Average speed’ along the vertical axis OY.
(iv) Choose a suitable scale along the vertical axis. In this case, take
one-unit length equal to 8 km and mark the corresponding values.
Calculate the heights of the bars for various items, as shown below:
16 64
(a) Bicycle: =2units (b) Car : =8 units
8 8
8 48
(c) Walk: =1unit (d) Train: =6units
8 8

10
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING

Checkpoint 2

1. The bar graph is shown in Fig. shows the choice of fruits of 150
students of a school.

Fig.
Answer the following questions:
(a) How many children like orange?
(b) Which is the most favorite fruit among the children?
(c) How many more children like grapes than apples?
(d) Arrange the fruits in the order in which they are liked by the
children with least liked written first.
2. The bar graph is shown in Fig. Shows Mrs. Basu's monthly
expenditure. Study the bar graph carefully and answer the
questions:
(a) Find Mrs. Basu’s total monthly expenditure.
(b) What part of the total expenditure does she spend on food?
(c) Find the ratio of her expenditure on electricity to that on rent.

11
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING

Fig.

3. Refer to the bar graph shown in Fig. for the number of working
women in six big cities of India and answer the following
questions:
(a) Which two cities have the exact same number of working
women?
1
(b) If in Chennai, of the women are working, find the total number
4

of women in the city.

(c) Which city has the maximum number of working women?

12
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
Fig.

D. PIE CHART / PIE GRAPH / CHAPATHI CHART / CIRCLE CHART

If we represent numerical data by dividing a circle into slices, it is
called a pie chart, pie graph or circle graph. Each slice in the pie chart
represents a part of the whole. It is easy to understand as it
summarizes a large data in visual form.
Example 1:
In a circle below, we have the details of library books in the
school library.

Now, answer the following questions:

1. How many total books are there in the library?
Ans. 1000 books
2. Name the subject on which least number of books is there in the
library.
Ans. French, 100

13
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
Example 2: Study the pie graph, then answer the following
questions.

1. Which is the most popular cartoon show among grade 4 students?

Ans. Chota Bheem
2. Which is the least popular show?
Ans. Scooby-Doo!
3. Which is more popular, Chota Bheem or Tom and Jerry?
Ans. Chota Bheem
4. How many students like to watch Mr. Bean?
Ans. 15

Checkpoint 3

1. Rock Restaurant surveyed customers on their favorite food.

They made a pie chart with the survey results. See the pie graph
and answer the following questions.

14
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING

a. Which is the most favorite food among the customers?

b. How many customers preferred fried chicken?
c. Which is the least favorite food?
d. How many customers voted for burger as their favorite?
e. How many customers participated in the survey?
2. Mrs. Carolyn, teacher of Grade 5 recorded the favorite beach
activities of her class. She made a pie graph based on the results.
Study the graph and answer the questions.

15
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
a. Which activity is least popular among the fifth graders?
b. What percentage of students like surfing?
c. Which two activities are equally popular?
d. Which activity is the favorite of 21% of students?
e. What percentage of students like an activity other than
sandcastle?

Bird’s-eye view

1. A pictograph is a method of representing numerical data using

symbols or pictures.
2. A bar graph is another way of representing numerical data using
bars (or rectangles) of uniform width drawn vertically or
horizontally with equal spacing between them.
3. Pie chart represents data in the form portion of a circle. Each
sector in the pie chart represents a fraction of the whole.

Solved examples

1. The pictograph given below shows the number of letters

collected from the post-box in front of my house on each day
of a certain week.

16
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
a. On which day were (1) maximum (2) minimum number of letters
collected?
Ans. 1. Thursday 2. Wednesday
b. What was the total number of letters collected from the box over
the whole week?
Ans. 22 letters
c. How many more letters were collected on Thursday than Friday?
Ans. 5
d. How many fewer letters were collected on Saturday than on
Monday?
Ans. 1
2. Mr. Anwar Khan owns a retail outlet. The following pictograph
shows how much he earned during a week.

Day Money Earned

MON

TUES

WED

THURS

FRI

SAT

SUN

17
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
Answer the following questions:
a. How much did Mr. Anwar earn on Friday?
Ans. Mr. Anwar earned ₹20,000 on Friday.
b. How much more did Mr. Anwar earn on Sunday than on Saturday?
Ans. He earned ₹10,000 more on Sunday than on Saturday.
c. Find the total money earned by him during the week.
Ans. The total money earned by him during the week = ₹1,10,000.
d. On which day(s) did Mr. Anwar earn the least money?
Ans. He earned the least money on Monday and Wednesday.
2. Shruti, Bharti and Jassi are three friends. Every month, they
donate toys to some orphanages. The number of toys each
one has donated in a month is given below:

Shruti: 4, Bharti: 10, Jassi: 6

Draw a pictograph representing the above information.
Solution:

= 2 toys

Name Number of toys donated

Shruti

Bharti

Jassi

18
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
4. Read the following bar graph showing the number of eggs that
hens lay in a poultry farm in a year:

Answer the following questions:

(a) How many eggs did the hens lay in July?
Ans. The hens lay 125 eggs in July.
(b) In which month did the hens lay the most eggs?
Ans. The hens lay the most eggs in October.
(c) How many more eggs did the hens lay in August than in January?
Ans. The hens lay 50 more eggs in August than in January.
(d)Find the ratio of the eggs laid in August to those laid in December.
300
Ans. Required ratio = = 6:7
350

(e) Find the total number of eggs laid during the year.
Ans. The number of eggs laid during the concerned year is 2700.
5. The number of people speaking different languages in a school
is shown below:

Languag Hind Punjab Gujarat Marath Bengal Malayala

e i i i i i m

No. of 120 100 70 40 20 30

People

19
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
Represent the following data in the form of a bar graph.
Solution:

6. A group of kids spent a week at Big Tree Summer Camp. At the

end of the week, the counselor asked campers what their
favorite part of camp was. The pie graph shows their responses.

1. What activity did campers enjoy the most?

Ans. Horseback riding
2. What fraction of the campers chose canoeing as their favorite
activity?
Ans. 1/4

20
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
3. What fraction of the campers chose horseback riding as their
favorite activity?
Ans. 1/2
4. Did more campers choose camp res or crafts as their favorite
activity?
Ans. Campfires
5. Was camp fire or canoeing more popular with the campers?
Ans. Canoeing

G. Practice yourself:

1. The following pictograph represents the number of pizzas

delivered in a day by four delivery boys of a restaurant:

Use the information provided in the pictograph to answer the

following questions:
a. How many pizzas were delivered in all?
b. How many more pizzas did Aman deliver than Raghav?
c. Which two boys delivered a total of 75 pizzas?
d. Half of the pizzas sold by Puneet were double cheese pizzas. How
many double cheese pizzas did Puneet deliver?

21
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
2. The number of children born in a city hospital in six months is
given in a table. Study the given pictograph and answer the
questions.

Key = 3 children

Months Number of children

January
February
March
April
May
June

a. How many children were born in February?

b. How many children were born in all from January to June?
c. What is the difference between the number of children born in
the months of June and April?
d. Twelve children were born in a particular month. Name the
month.
e. In which three-month period were more children born—the first
or the second?
3. The different number of trees were planted by workers in a
month. Study the given pictograph and answer the questions.

Key = 10 trees

22
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
Week Number of trees planted
1

a.The maximum number of trees were planted in _____ week.

b. The minimum number of trees were planted in ______ week.
c. The difference between the maximum and minimum numbers of
trees planted is ______.
d. The total number of trees planted in all in five weeks was ____.
e. The number of trees planted in the first three weeks was _____.
f. The number of trees planted in the last three weeks was ____.
4. Study the given bar graph and answer the questions.

a. Which class has the highest number of students?

b. Which class has the least number of students?
c. Arrange the classes in descending order based on the class
strength.
d. Find the total number of students in the senior classes (classes IX
to XII).

23
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
5. Study the given bar graph and answer the questions.

a. What is the bar graph about?

b. Which game is the most popular in this school?
c. Which game is the least popular?
d. If each student is allowed to enroll for only one game, find the
number of students in the school.
e. By how much is the number of students playing football more
than the number of students playing hockey?
6. Study the given bar graph and answer the questions.

a. What is the information given by the bar graph?

b. At what time was the temperature the lowest?
c. At what time was it the highest?
d. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, there was a thunderstorm. How is
this reflected in the graph?
e.Using the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature,
find the average temperature for the day.

24
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
7. Using a scale of 1 cm = 5 lakh tonnes, plot a bar graph from the
given data.
Year 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

Wheat 25 26 30 30 35 34 40 45 50
production
in a state (in
lakh tonnes)

8. Given below are the average marks of a class in five subjects.

Draw a bar graph to represent the data. English: 62; Mathematics:
91; Science: 89; Social Studies: 55; Hindi: 56; After drawing the
graph, answer the following questions.
a. Which subject shows the maximum average marks and which
shows the minimum?
b. By how much is the average in English more than the average in
Hindi?
9. Mr. Sobieski asked his students to vote on where they want to
go on a field trip. The choices were: science museum, history
museum, art gallery and nature preserve. All 30 students voted.
The circle graph below shows the results.

25
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
Complete the table below to show how many votes each choice
received.

Answer the following questions:

a. How many more students chose the history museum than the
science museum?
b. How many students chose the nature preserve or the art gallery?

H. Solutions:
Checkpoint 1:
1. (a) 35 (b) Wednesday
(c) 25 (d) Friday
2. a. Stella b. Bella and Sparky
c. Coco d. 4
e. 29
3. a. Thursday b. 49*100=4900
c. Wednesday d. 600
Checkpoint 2:
1. (a) 35 (b) Mango
(c) 10 (d) Papaya, Banana, Apple, Grapes, Orange, Mango
1
2. (a) ₹15,000 (b) (c) 1 : 3
3

26
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
3. (a) Kolkata and Bangalore (b)300 (c) Mumbai
Checkpoint 3:
1. a. Hotdog b. 20
c. Sandwich d. 25
e. 95
2. a. Playing beach ball
b. 30%
c. Kite flying and collecting sea shells
d. Sand castle building
e. 79%
Practice yourself:
1. (a) The boys sold 140 pizzas in all.
(b) Aman sold 25 pizzas more than Raghav.
(c) Aman and Shourya sold a total of 75 pizzas.
(d) 25 double cheese pizzas were sold by Puneet.
2. a. 24 b. 93
c. 9 d. May
e. 1st
3. a. 1st-week b. 4th-week
c. 110 d. 400
e. 300
f. 150
5. a. 12th b. 10th
c. 12th, 9th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th d. 195
6. a. It shows the number of students playing different games.
b. Indoor games c. Tennis
d. 300 e. 30

27
 CHAPTER 15
DATA HANDLING
7. a. Temperature at different times in the day and night.
b. 12 am c. 2 pm
d. The temperature at that time was 10 degree.
e. 17.5 degree
9. a. Max: Mathematics and Min: Social studies
b. 6
10.

a. 6 b. 3

28