Basic Excel Formulas
Formula Purpose Syntax Example
SUM Adds numbers =SUM(A1:A5) =SUM(10, 20, 30) -> 60
AVERAGE Returns the average =AVERAGE(B1:B5) =AVERAGE(10, 20, 30) -> 20
COUNT Counts numeric cells =COUNT(C1:C10) =COUNT(1, "Hello", 2) -> 2
COUNTA Counts non-empty cells =COUNTA(A1:A10) =COUNTA(1, "", "Test") -> 2
COUNTIF Counts cells with a condition =COUNTIF(B1:B10, "East") =COUNTIF(range, ">50")
IF Conditional logic =IF(A1>50, "Pass", "Fail") Returns 'Pass' if A1 > 50
SUMIF Adds values based on condition=SUMIF(A1:A10, ">50", B1:B10) Adds values in B1:B10 where A > 5
LEFT Extracts characters from left =LEFT(A1, 3) Gets first 3 characters
RIGHT Extracts characters from right =RIGHT(A1, 2) Gets last 2 characters
LEN Counts characters in a cell =LEN(A1) Returns length of string
CONCAT Joins text =CONCAT(A1, " ", B1) Joins A1 and B1 with space
& Joins text manually =A1 & "-" & B1 Joins A1 and B1 with '-'
NOW() Current date and time =NOW() Returns current timestamp
TODAY() Current date =TODAY() Returns current date
ROUND Rounds to set decimal places =ROUND(A1, 2) Rounds to 2 decimal places
INT Rounds down to integer =INT(5.9) Returns 5
MOD Returns remainder =MOD(10, 3) Returns 1
PRODUCT Multiplies numbers =PRODUCT(A1:A3) Multiplies values in range
A1 * B1 Multiplication =A1*B1 Multiplies A1 and B1
A1 / B1 Division =A1/B1 Divides A1 by B1
VLOOKUP Searches vertically =VLOOKUP(101, A2:C10, 2, FALSE)
Finds 101 and returns value from 2
IFERROR Handles errors =IFERROR(A1/B1, "Error") Shows 'Error' if division fails
TRIM Removes extra spaces =TRIM(A1) Removes leading/trailing spaces
UPPER Converts to uppercase =UPPER(A1) HELLO
LOWER Converts to lowercase =LOWER(A1) hello
PROPER Capitalizes each word =PROPER(A1) John Smith
