Contents

Current Affairs (Vikash Rana) .......................................................................... 4

Census................................................................................................................. 14
Classical Dance .................................................................................................. 17
Classical Dance Artists ..................................................................................... 23
Books and Author ............................................................................................. 28
Ramayana ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
Mahabharata ................................................................................................................................................... 28
Shrimad BhagwadGeeta Ji ............................................................................................................................. 29
Ancient Books .................................................................................................................................................. 29
Books of Delhi Sultanate ................................................................................................................................ 30
Books of Mugals .............................................................................................................................................. 31
Freedom Struggle Books & Some Modern Books.......................................................................................... 31
Important books of Actor and Actress ............................................................................................................ 36
Important Books of Players ............................................................................................................................ 37
Previous Year SSC Exam Books ..................................................................................................................... 38
2023-24 Books ................................................................................................................................................. 40
Railway RPF SI ............................................................................................................................................... 44
International Organization .............................................................................. 45
Temples .............................................................................................................. 49
Gharana ............................................................................................................. 54
Festivals .............................................................................................................. 56
UNESCO Sites ................................................................................................... 61
National Parks ................................................................................................... 66
Tiger Reserve ..................................................................................................... 72
Biosphere Reserve ............................................................................................. 74
Wildlife Sanctuaries .......................................................................................... 75
Awards ............................................................................................................... 76
INS Navy Ship ................................................................................................... 83
Neighboring ....................................................................................................... 84
Major Branch of Biology .................................................................................. 89
Chemistry Facts................................................................................................. 90
Polity Facts......................................................................................................... 91
One Word Substitution................................................................................... 100
SSC Asked OWS ............................................................................................................................................ 100
Random OWS ................................................................................................................................................ 108
Idioms and Phrase........................................................................................... 126
SSC Asked Idioms and Phrase ...................................................................................................................... 126
 Random Idioms and Phrase .......................................................................................................................... 133
Collective Noun ............................................................................................... 141
Word Meaning................................................................................................. 142
Spellings ........................................................................................................... 144
 Topics of Static GK
 Classical Dances
 Classical Dances Artists
 UNESCO Sites
 Ramsar Site
 Festivals and Celebrations
 Folk Dances
 Instruments, Music and Paintings
 Books and Authors
 Sports
 Temples and Gharanas
 Neighboring Countries of India
 Days and Observations
 National Parks
 International Organizations
 Awards
Highlighted Topics NTPC
1. Indus Valley Civilization
2. Maurya
3. Gupta
4. Delhi saltanet
5. Gandhi era
6. Janjatiya andolan
7. River
8. Neighbour countryes
9. Books
10. Exercise
11. Sport Current
12. Award Current
13. Article
14. Constitutaoitnal Amendment
15. Computer
16. Budget
 17. Census
18. Yojana
19. Mandir
20. Smarak
21. Monsoon
22. Index

Current Affairs (Vikash Rana)

1. Which country did the Indian army conduct the joint special
exercise Vajra Prahar (2024)? → USA (Specifically, the 15th
edition of Vajra Prahar 2024 was conducted in Idaho, USA, from
November 2 to November 22, 2024.)
2. Which female footballer has recently received the top award of
Ballon d’Or 2024? → Aitana Bonmatí
3. Which football has recently received the Ballon d’Or 2024 men’s
top award? → Rodri
4. Recently the Indian service has organized the joint exercise
Garuda Shakti 2024 in collaboration with which country? →
Indonesia
5. India rank in Passport Index 2024 → "83rd Rank"
6. Which country India has exported the maximum number of
weapons in the financial year 2023-24? → USA
7. Who was recently awarded the Men’s Player of the Year 2024 by
International Hockey Federation (FIH)? → Harmanpreet Singh
8. Who was recently awarded the women’s player of the year 2024
by FIH? Yibbi Jansen
9. Where was the United Nations Climate Change Conference COP
29 held recently? → Azerbaijan
10. Who has been recently awarded the Booker Prize 2024? →
Samantha Harvey for her novel "Orbital."
11. “Why Bharat Matters” book related to → S. Jaishankar
12. Which country hosted the 19th G20 summit recently? → Brazil
13. Recently, Victoria Kjaer won the title of Miss Universe 2024.
Which country is she related to? → Denmark
14. Who has become the second Indian female cricketer to be
inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame recently? → Neetu David
15. 56th Tiger Sanctuary of India Chhattisgarh → Gurushasidas
Tamor Pingla
16. 57th Tiger Sanctuary of India and 8th TR of Madhya Pradesh→
Ratapani Tiger Reserve
17. 58th Tiger Sanctuary of India → Madhav National Park
18. Who has been appointed as the Controller and Auditor General of
India recently? → Sanjay Murthy
19. Ghudmaras Village of which state has been named as the best
tourist village by the United National Tourism Organization? →
Chhattisgarh
20. India’s Rank in German Watch Global Climate Performance
Index 2025? → 10th rank
21. 104th full member country of the International Solar Alliance? →
Armenia
22. Which country won Davis Cup 2024 Title? → Italy
23. PM Modi has gifted Sohrai Painting to President Putin at the
BRICS summit, it is related to which state? → Jharkhand
24. Typhoon Cong-Re, which was in the news recently, is related to
which country? → Taiwan
25. PM Modi recently launched India’s first free Air Ambulance
service? → Rishikesh, Uttarakhand (It was launched from AIIMS
Rishikesh)
26. Piyush Goyal recently inaugurated the One District One Product
Wall? → Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
27. National Unity Day → 31 October
28. Where have 121 deaths occurred due to the recent outbreak of
Lactospirosis? → Kerala
29. Fiji’s highest Civilian honor, Officer of the Order of Fiji is given
to → Shri RaviShankar
30. U Win Mobile app related to → Vaccination (Specifically for the
Universal Immunization Program)
31. Who is the current chairman of Airports Authority of India? →
Vipin Kumar
32. India and which country have announced to celebrate the year
2026 as the year of culture, tourism and artificial Intelligence? →
Spain
33. Where has ISRO launched India’s first analog space mission? →
Ladakh
34. Which High Court has recently declared breastfeeding as a
fundamental right to life? → Kerala High Court
35. Where was the first Asian Buddhist Summit held recently? →
New Delhi
36. International Biosphere Reserve Day celebrated → 3rd
November
37. The seventh session of International Solar Alliance Assembly
was held in which country? → India
38. A new lion safari has been inaugurated in Barda Sanctuary, where
is it located? → Gujarat
39. Where has the foundation stone of the Right to Information
Museum been laid recently? → Rajasthan
40. What is the connection of the recent death of 10 wild elephants in
Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh? → Kodo Millet
41. Author of “Tipu Sultan, The Saga of the Mysore Interregnum”?
→ Vikram Sampath
42. Recently which state’s home chola handicrafts have got GI tag?
→ Gujarat (specifically, the Kutch region for its Rogan painting,
and other crafts, though "home chola handicrafts" isn't a widely
recognized GI tag term. If it refers to a specific local craft, it's
possible, but "Kutch Rogan Painting" is a well-known GI tag
from Gujarat.) Assuming "Home Chola" refers to a specific
traditional craft from Gujarat that recently got a GI tag. However,
a more widely recognized recent GI tag from Gujarat is for Kutch
Rogan Painting.
43. Which place has been declared as the top heritage tourist
destination by UNESCO recently? → Santiniketan, West Bengal
(It was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in
September 2023, making it a top heritage destination).
44. Where did the incident of imposing and withdrawing martial law
happen recently within 4 hours? → South Korea
45. 26th Governor of RBI → Sanjay Malhotra.
46. Veronica Mitchell, who is recently awarded the Indira Gandhi
Prize 2024, belongs to which country? → Chile
47. Time Magazine has chosen which person of the year 2024 →
Donald Trump
48. Who has recently become the youngest player to win FIDE World
Chess Championship? → D. Gukesh

Current Affairs on Appointments

1. Chairman of UPSC → Ajay Kumar
2. Chairman of DRDO → Samir V Kamat
3. 52th Chief Justice of India → BR Gavi
4. President of Asian Cricket Council → Mohsin Naqvi
5. The New Test Captain of the India Cricket Team → Subman Gill
6. 86th Grandmaster of India → LR Srihari
7. New Pope who is elected → Robert Francis Cardinal Prevost,
who will be known as Pope Leo 14
8. Director of International Telecommunication Union → M. Reviti
9. Executive Chairman of National Legal Services Authority
NALSA → Justice Suryakant
10. The ambassador of India to Sweden → Anurag Bhushan
11. Who is recently appointed as the head of the Estimates
Committee by Lok Sabha Om Birla? → Sanjay Jaiswal
12. Who has been appointed as the new Managing Director of
National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) by the Ministry
of Information and Broadcasting? → Prakash Magduma
13. Chief Justice of Manipur High Court → Kampaya Soumsekhar
14. President of Badminton World Federation → Patama
Leeswadtrakul
15. Who has become Australia’s first female opposition leader →
Sussan Ley
16. First Hindu Female Assistant Commissioner of Balochistan,
Pakistan → Kashis Chaudhary
17. In which country did Indian-origin Kamla Persad-Bissessar's
party win the elections and she will become Prime Minister for
the second time → Trinidad and Tobago
18. Who has recently become the first African Woman to become the
‘Secretary-General of the Commonwealth Nations’? → Shirley
Ayorkor Botchwey
19. Prime Minister of Yemen → Salem Saleh bin Braik
20. Who is the current Prime Minister of Singapore, re-elected in
May 2025 for a second term? → Lawrence Wong
21. First Woman President of the International Olympic Committee
(IOC) → Kirsty Coventry
22. First Woman President of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA)
→ P.T. Usha
23. 23rd Law Commission of India → Dinesh Maheshwari
24. Chairman of National Security Advisory Board → Alok Joshi.
25. Vice Chief of the Indian Air Force → Narmdeshwar Tiwari
26. Personal Secretary of PM → Nidhi Tiwari
27. Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
→ Tuhin Kanta Pandey
28. First Woman pilot to be permanently appointed in the Indian Air
Force’s fighter jet Jaguar squadron? → Tanushka Singh
29. Finance Secretary → Ajay Seth
30. Chairman of Indian Banks Association → CS Setty
31. Who has been elected as the Chairman of the Indian Weightlifting
Federation (IWLF) Athletes Commission? → Mirabai Chanu
32. Chairman of UGC → Vineet Joshi
33. Chairman of Pension Fund Regulatory and Development
Authority (PFRDA) → S Raman
34. RBI Current Governor → Sanjay Malhotra
35. RBI Current Deputy Governor → Poonam Gupta
36. Chairman of Tata Communications → N. Ganapathy
Subramaniam
37. Chairman of BAR Council of India → Manan Kumar Mishra
38. New Director General of the Russian Space Agency
ROSCOSMOS → Dmitry Bakanov
39. General Secretory of Associated Chambers of Commerce and
Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) → Manish Singhal
40. Who has been appointed as the brand ambassador of India’s
leading health and hygiene products manufacturer Eurika Forbes?
→ Shraddha Kapoor
41. Which Indian Actress has been appointed as the brand
ambassador of ‘South Korea Tourism Organization (KTO) →
Hina Khan
42. Who has been appointed by Federal Bank as its first brand
ambassador → Vidya Balan
43. Who has recently been appointed the brand ambassador of ‘FIBA
Women’s Asia Cup 2025 → Miao Lijie and Yuko Oga
44. Which actor has been made the new brand ambassador of stylish
sunglasses and eyeglasses ‘Vogue Eyewear’ in India → Shahid
Kapoor Joining Taapsee Pannu
45. Which Indian Cricketer has been made the brand ambassador of
the famous sunglasses company Oakley? → Shubman Gill

Sport Current Affairs

1. When was the inaugural Men’s ODI Cricket World Cup Held? →
1975
2. When was the first Men’s T20 World Cup organized by the ICC?
→ 2007 and India won this tournament by defeating Pakistan.
3. In which year did the ICC Champions Trophy first take place? →
1998
4. When did ICC World Test Championship begin? → 2019
5. In which years did India host or co-host the Men’s ODI Cricket
World Cup? → 1987, 1996, 2011, 2023
6. In which year did India host the Men’s T20 World Cup? → 2016
7. Which countries will host the Men’s ODI World Cup in the year
2027? → South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia
8. Which country will host the Women’s ODI World Cup in the year
2025? → India
9. Which countries will host the Men’s T20 World Cup in the year
2026? → India and Sri Lanka
10. Which country will host the Women’s T20 World Cup in the year
2026? → England
11. Where is the next ICC Champions Trophy scheduled after the
year 2025? → India (2029)
12. When and where is the next Asia Cup Scheduled? → September
2025, India
13. Which team was the winner of the Men’s ODI World Cup in the
year 2023? → Australia
14. Which team was the winner of the Women’s ODI World Cup in
the year 2022? → Australia
15. Which team was the winner of the Women’s T20 World Cup in
the year 2024? → New Zealand
16. Which team was the winner of the ICC World Test Championship
in the year 2023? → Australia
17. Which team was the winner of the Men’s U-19 Cricket World
Cup in the year 2024? → Australia
18. Which team was the winner of the Women’s U-19 Cricket World
Cup in the year 2023? → India
19. Which team was the winner or of the Men’s Asia cup in the year
2023? → India
20. Which team was the winner or of the Women’s Asia cup in the
year 2024? → Sri Lanka
21. Which Team was the winner of the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy in
the year 2024? → Mumbai
22. Which team was the winner of the Ranji Trophy in the year 2025?
→ Vidarbha
23. Which team was the winner of the Duleep Trophy in the year
2024? → India A
24. Which team was the winner of the Vijay Hazare Trophy in the
year 2024-25? → Karnataka
25. Which team was the winner of the Deodhar Trophy in the year
2023? → South Zone
26. Which Sportspersons have recently been awarded the Major
Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna in January 2025? → Praveen Kumar,
Manu Bhaker, D.Gukesh, Harmanpreet Singh
27. Who secured the top position in the Khelo India Para Games
2025? Haryana
28. Who won the Women’s singles title at the Miami Open
Championship 2025? → Aryana Sabalenka
29. Who won the final title of the Women’s Premier League (WPL)
2025? → Mumbai Indians
30. Who won the men’s singles title in the India Open 2025 Squash?
→ Karim El Torky
31. Which team has won the title of IPL 2025? → Royal Challenger
Bangalore (RCB)
32. Which team won the Women’s Premier League (WPL) 2025
title? → Mumbai India
33. India won the ICC Champion Trophy 2025 title by defeating
which country? → New Zealand
34. Which state secured first place in Khelo India Youth Games
2025? → Maharashtra
35. Which country’s women’s team recently won the title of the first
kho-kho world cup 2025? → India
36. Who has won the men’s and women’s category title in Kabaddi
World cup 2025? → India
37. Who became the 86th Grandmaster of India? → LR Srihari
38. Who has been chosen as the New Test Captain of the Indian
Cricket team? → Submann Gill
39. Which Indian racer has recently become the first Indian to win
the ‘Formula 2 Race’? → Kush Maini
40. Who has stood first in the medal table of the 38th National Games
2025? → Services
41. Which country has topped the medal table of the 9th Asian Winter
Games 2025? → China
42. Which country topped the medal tally at the ‘ISSF Junior World
Cup 2025’ held in Suhi, Germany? → India
43. Who has recently become the first African woman to become the
‘Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations’? →Shirley
Ayorkor Botchwey
44. Who has recently become the first woman president of the
International Olympic committee (IOC)? → Kirsty Coventry
45. Who has been elected as the Chairman of the Indian Weightlifting
Federation (IWLF) Athletes Commission? → Mirabai Channu
46. Who won the All India Football Federation (AIFF) Best Men’s
Player award for the 2024-25 season? → Subhasish Bose
47. From which format of cricket did Virat Kohli retire in May 2025?
→ Test Cricket
48. Cricket Rohit Sharma announced his retirement from which
format of cricket in May 2025 after T20? → Test Cricket
49. Who has been elected as the new president of ‘Badminton World
Federation (BWF)’ in April 2025? → Khunying Patama
Leeswadtrakul
50. Which Team Topped The Medal Tally In The Khelo India Winter
Games 2025 (Overall)? → Indian Army
51. Which Team won the 2025 Kabaddi World Cup? → India
52. Who won the Tata Steel Masters Chess Title? → R
Praggnanandhaa
53. Which country won the 2025 Under-19 Women’s T20 World
Cup? → India
54. Which Team Won Hockey India League Title? → Rarh Bengal
Tigers
55. Which state will host the 39th National Games 2027? →
Meghalaya
56. Who is the fastest batsman to reach 14,000 runs in ODI cricket?
→ Virat Kohli
57. Which Country will host the prestigious FIDE World Cup 2025?
→ India
58. Who won Men’s Single Title at “Australian Open 2025” →
Jannik Sinner
59. Who won Men’s Single Title at ‘India Open 2025’? → Viktor
Axelsen
60. Which Team won the Title of 78th Santosh Trophy? → West
Bengal
61. Who won the title of 2024 Pro Kabaddi League? → Haryana
Steelers
62. Which Team won the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy → Mumbai
63. Which country won the title of 2025 Kho Kho World Cup? →
India
64. What is the name of the official torch of the 38th National Games?
→ Tejaswini
65. Who became the youngest player to be signed in IPL history at
the age of 13? →Vaibhav Suryavanshi
66. Which country won the Women’s Hockey Junior Asia Cup 2024?
→ India
67. Which country won the Men’s Hockey Junior Asia Cup 2024? →
India
68. Which Country will host the 2034 FIFA World Cup? → Saudi
Arabia
69. Who won the World Chess Championship 2024? →D. Gukesh
70. Who has won Men’s Single title at ‘US Open 2024’ → Jannik
Sinner
71. Who has won Women’s Single title at ‘US Open 2024’ → Aryana
Sabalenka
72. Which country won the gold medal at ‘45th Chess Olympiad
2024’? → India
73. Durand Cup 2024 Won by → NorthEast United FC
74. Duleep Trophy 2024 Won by → India A
75. Which Country won the 2024 Women’s Asian Champions
Trophy in hockey? → Indian hockey team
76. Who is the first Indian female footballer to score 50 international
goals? → Ngangom Bala Devi
77. Which team won the 2024 Women’s T20 World Cup? → New
Zealand
78. Which team clinched their 2024 Irani cup Title? → Mumbai
 Census
 Census Mention in Mughal Period – Ain-e-Akbari (1595-96) (
Abul Fazal)
 1st Census Using Modern Method was conducted in Sweden
1749.
 Decennial Census was 1st started by America in 1790.
 Census started in England 1800-01.
 Census was conducted by James Prinsep in Allahabad (1824) and
Banaras (1827-28).
 1st Complete census of an Indian city was conducted in Dhaka by
Henry Walter in 1830.
 1st Non-synchronous census in India in 1872 by Lord Mayo.
 1st Synchronous census in India in 1881 by Lord Ripon. At this
time census commissior was W.C. Plowden.
 1st Census of Independent India in 1951. Census Commissior was
MWM Yates and R.A.Gopalaswami.
 2011 Census is 15th Census and 7th Census of Independent India
and 2nd Census of 21st Century.
 Census comes under Ministry of Home Affairs.
 Part of Union List, Article 246.
 1st Act on Census – Census Act 1948.
 Census Department formed by Ministry of Home Affairs in 1961.
 Top Officer is called Registrar General and Census
Commissioner.
 2011 – Dr. C. Chandramouli
 2025 – Mirtyunjay Kumar Narayan.
 Negative Growth Rate Percentage – 1911-21
 Highest Population growth Rate – 1961-71 (24.8%)
 How many times population increases from 1951 to 2011 is 3.5
times.
 6,40,930 villages according to 2011 census.
 68.9% live in village.
 At present Decadial Growth of Indian population in 17.7% and
Annual Growth is 1.64%.
 2001 – 102 Crore Population
 2011 – 121 Crore Population
 1921 is called Great Dividing Year.
 Number of Districts is 640
Number of sub Districts is 5924
Number of Cities is 7933
Number of Village is 6,40,930
 Total Male – 62 Crore (51.47%)
 Total Female – 58 Crore (48.53%)
 (0-6 Age) – 16 Crore (13.6%)
 Rural Population – 68.9% (83 Crore)
 Urban Population – 31.1% (37 Crore)
 Literacy – 74%
 Male Literacy – 82%
 Female Literacy – 65%
 Gap Difference in Male Literacy & Female Literacy – 17% Gap
 Population Density – 382 (2011), 325 (2001), Gap is 57%
 Highest Population Growth Rate (%) in UTs / States
 Dadar Nagar Haveli – 55%
 Daman and Div – 53%
 Puduchery – 28%
 Meghalaya – 27%
 Arunachal Pradesh – 26%
 Lowest Population Growth Rate (%) in UTs / States
  Nagaland – 0.58%(negative)
 Kerala – 4.91%
 Lakshadweep – 6%
 Andaman & Nicobar – 6%
 Goa – 8%
 Compare 1951 census to 2011 census
Population 36 Crore *3.5 times 121 Crore
Literacy 18% *4 times 74%
Population 117 *3 times 382
Density
Sex ratio 946 943
 Sex ratio
1901 – 992
1947 – 946
2001 – 933
2011 – 943
 Highest Sex Ratio of States & UTs
 Kerala – 1084
 Tamil Nadu – 996
 Puducherry – 1037
 Lakshadweep – 947
 Lowest Sex Ratio of States & UTs
 Haryana – 879
 Jammu & Kashmir – 889
 Daman & Diu – 618
 Dadra Nagar Haveli – 774
 Highest Sex Ratio Districts
 Mahe (Puducherry) – 1176
 Almoda (UK) – 1139
 Lowest Sex Ratio Districts
 Daman (Daman and Diu) – 533
 Leh ( Ladakh) – 583
 (0-6years) Highest Sex Ratio of States & UTs
 Arunachal Pradesh – 972
 Mizoram / Meghalaya – 970
  Andaman & Nicobar – 968
 Puducherry – 967
 (0-6years) Lowest Sex Ratio of States & UTs
 Haryana – 834
 Punjab – 846
 Delhi – 871
 Chandigarh – 880

Classical Dance
 Information about classical dance is found in Bharat Muni’s
Natya Shastra.
 The total number of classical dances are 8.
 According to the Ministry of Culture is 9 Classical
Dance (9th is Chau Dance)
 According to Sangeet Natak Akademi is 8 Classical
Dance.
 Sangeet Natak Akademi estd. : 28 January 1953
(New Delhi)
 Chhau is also called Semi-Classical Dance.
 Chhau is included in the UNESCO Intangible list in 2010. It has
three types
 Mayurbhanj Chhau in Odisha
 Saraikela Chhau in Jharkhand
 Purulia Chhau in West Bengal
 List of Classical Dances:
1. Bharatanatyam
 State: Tamil Nadu
 Remark: Oldest classical dance

2. Odyssey
 State: Odisha

3. Manipuri
 State: Manipur
 4. Kuchipudi
 State: Andhra Pradesh

5. Kathak
 State: Uttar Pradesh

6. Kathakali
 State: Kerala

7. Mohiniyattam
 State: Kerala

8. Sattriya
 State: Assam
 Remark: Newest classical dance (added in 2000)

9. Chhau
 States: West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha

South : 4, North-East : 2, South-East : 1, North : 1

1. Bharatanatyam
o Old Name : Sadir
o Other Name : Dasi Attam, Fire Dance
o Dance Information in the Books:
 Silpadikaram : Writer-Ilango Adigal
 Abhany Darpan : Writer-Nandi Keshwar
o It is dedicated to temples.
o Presentation of the ideas of Shaivism.
o The dances begins with ALARIPU.
o It consists of 6 parts : Alaripu (1st part), Jatiswaram,
Shabdam, Varnam, Padam, Tillana (last part).
o Bharatanatyam is the first Classical Dance of India to take the
form of a drama.
o “Katka Mukha Hasta Mudra” is a symbol of OM is formed
by joining 3 fingers.
o The dance ends on “Tillana”.
 o Nattuvar (teacher of Bharanatyam) recites poems and
conducts the performance.
o Karnataka Music is used for the tune and various roles are
performed by a solo artist called “Ekaharya”.
o Ekaharya = "Eka" (one) + "Aharya" (costume/character) It
means one performer takes on many roles.
o Bharatnatyam dance style : Kalaksheta, Vaajuvoor,
Kalamandalam.
o Two Main Branches of Indian Music:
 Northern India – Hindustani Music
 Southern India – Carnatic Music
o Instruments Used in Dance:
 Mridangam, Veena, Flute, etc.
o Bharatnatyam was banned by British government in 1910.
o Bharatnatyam paintings are located on the Gopuram (Big
Entrance of Temple) of Chidambaram Temple (Tamil Nadu).

2. Odissi
o Guru Pankaj Charandas is called the ‘Father of Odissi
Dance’.
o There is a relation with Lord Krishna.
o This dance style is related to the worship journey of Lord
Jagannath.
o It is done in Tribhanga Mudra.
o Jayantika (cultural organization) developed a 5 part of
Mudra.
o It’s another name is Orili.
o It begins with “Manglacharan” and ends with “Moksha”.
o The Pakhawaj Aksharas are used to end this dance.
o This dance performed mainly by Maharis.
o Dancers create intricated geometric patterns with this bodies,
this is called moving idol.
o This dance symbolized the Water Element.
o Musical Instruments are : Manjira, Pakhawaj, Dhol, and Sitar.
3. Manipuri
o It is related to the Vaishnava sect.
o Stories from the childhood of Lord Shri Krishna are shown.
o It has 3 Main Styles : Lai Haroba, Sankirtan and Rasleela
(related to Radha and Krishna).
o The Manipuri Dance Raasleela was first introduced in 1779
by Ningtho Ching-Thang Khomba.
o Jawaharlal Nehru Manipuri Dance Academy open in
Manipur 1954.
o Pena musical instrument is used in Manipuri dance (mainly
female side).
o Dance musical instruments are also part of the performance.
o Pung Cholom:
 Dance, singing and playing by one person
 Use of Dhol (Pung)
 Related to male side
o Two main parts of Manipuri dance:
 Jagoi (Emotional, female side)
 Cholom (Energetic, male side)
o 64 Steps are used in this dance.
o Nagabandha Mudra in which the body is connected through
curves in the shape of 8.
o In this the performers wear a cylindrical skirt called Yotioi.
o In this the artist never makes direct eye contact with the
audience.

4. Kuchipudi
o Bhagwat Purana is considered as the basis.
o In the tradition of Tarangam, dancers perform while standing
on a brass plate. The foot postures used include Sampada,
Mandikoppu, Kantera, and Nagabandha.
o It features Karnataka Music.
o Kuchipudi is a dance that combines speech, mime and pure
dance.
 o Sidhendra Yogi is considered the first guru of Kuchipudi, he
composed the play Bhamakalpam which is based on
Kuchipudi.
o The dancers are known as Bhagavatalu.
o Sallakad or Patakshar – This dance part involves body
movements.
o Kaavutam involves elaborate acrobatics.
o Manduk Shabdam : Tells the story of a frog.
o Jal Chitra Nrityam : In this artist makes pictures on the
surface with his toes.
o The costume of male artists is called Bagalbandhi.

5. Kathak
o Natvari, Dance of storytellers.
o It is based on the identity of Radha Krishna.
o Ghungroo and Chakkar are the main features of this dance.
o This dance is used to tell a story, this is called reading.
o Kathak dance costumes are Anarkali or long skirt with
churidar.
o This dance is performed in Lucknow Gharana, Jaipur
Charana, Banaras Gharana and Raigarh Gharana styles.
o This classical style of Kathak was revived in the 20th century
by ‘Ledi Leela Sokhe’.
o Its main themes are related to Vaishnavism.
o Its current form is based on the ‘Mughal Tradition’.

6. Kathakali
o Traditionally, Kathakali was performed exclusively by
male artists.
o Ramayana, Mahabharata is its foundation stone.
 Hero : Pacha
 Villain : Kathi
o This dance is known for its facial expression.
o Dance Place (Theater) is called Kuttampalam.
 o It began with the playing of a drum called Kelikottu and the
Sopana music of Kerala is used.
o There are 24 main postures in Kathakali dance.
o In this 3 musical instruments Idakka, Chinda and Madlam are
used.
o Kathakali symbolized the sky element.
o The language used for Kathakali songs is “Munipravalam”
i.e., a mixture of Malayalam and Sanskrit.
o The words of the songs are called Attakatha.
o Kala Sama and Nalachrittam are types of Kathakali Dance.
o It is harmonious combination of 5 forms of fine Arts
Literature (Sahityaam), Music (Sangeetham), Painting
(Chitram), Acting (Natyam) and Dance (Nritham).
o Green Color indicates nobility, divinity and virtue.
o The Red Spot next to the nose indicates royal pride.
o Black Color is used to indicate evil and nickedness.
o Yellow Color is for saints and women.
o A face painted entirely red indicates evil.
o White beard indicates beings with higher consciousness and
divinity.

7. Mohiniattam
o linked to Vishnu’s female form, Mohini
o Performed by single Woman
o White flowers of jasmine are applied in the hair.
o Kerala Kasavu saree is worn in this dance.
o This dance has been mentioned in an ancient text named
“Vijavahamala”. Written by Maajamangalam Nambutiri.
o Another related text: "Dhotakach" by Kunjara Nambiyar
o Contains the story of Vishnu’s female form (Mohini)
o It is also called the Dance of the Sorceress.
o Manipravalam language is also used in this.
o Thevitchiyattam, Nangai Natakam, Daasiyattam are the forms
of this dance.
8. Sattriya
o It has been included in the year 2000.
o It was discovered around 500 year ago
o Founder: Shrimanta Shankardev
o Dances developed in the Vaishnav monasteries of Assam.
o Satriya was bought in to perform “Ankiyaanat”.
o When the dance is performed by a man, it is called “Bhangi”
and when performed by a woman, it is called “Seemangi”. On
festivals, this dance is performed by Bhokot (Male monks).
o Borgeet music is used in this.
o The Mati Akhora form is related to the Sattriya dance. It
means exercising on the soil.

Classical Dance Artists

1. Bharatanatyam
o Yamini Krishnamurthy (Also related to Kuchpudi)
o Rukmini Devi Arundale (Google-doodle used in 2017)
 She is the first dancer to be nominated in Rajya
Sabha.
o Leela Samson
o Sonal Man Singh (also related to Odisi dance)
 Padma Bhushan in 1992
 Padma Vibhushan in 2003
o Mrinalini Sarabhai
 First Dancer to get Sangeet Akademi Award.
 2018 used in Google doodle
 French “Palme-d-or Award” in 1977
 Padma Bhushan in 1992
 Nishagandhi Award (kerala) in 2013
o Vyjayanthimala (Youngest Padma Shri)
o Padma Subramaniam, SK Saroj, Maluvika Sarkar, Meenakshi
Srinivasan, Geetha Chandran, R.Muthukannammal, Sudha
Chandran, Radha Sridhar, C.V. Chandrashekhar, Hema
 Malini, V.Doroswami, Meenakshi Chittaranjan, Urmila
Satyanarayan, Jayalakshmi Easwar, Kumari Kamala.
o T.Bala Saraswati (Padma Bhushan in 1957, Padma
Vibhushan 1977)
o Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai
o Nartaki Nataraja : First Transgender to get Padma Shri 2019
o R.Muthukannammal : Padma Shri of 2022.
o Alarmel Velli : Second youngest dancer to get Padma Shri.
o Tanjore Quartet = Char Nattuvanar
o 4 Brothers are Ponnayya, Boddivelu, Sivanandam and
Chinnaiah
o Manjula Ramaswami (SNA 2022)
o Mandakshanta Rai (BKY 2022)
o Apoorva Jayaraman (BKY 2023)
o BKY - Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar
2. Kuchipudi
o Yamini Krishnamurthy (Torch of Kuchipudi / Torch bearer)
 Padma Vibhushan 2016
 Padma Bhushan 2001
 Padma Shri 1968
 Book : A passion for dance
 Resident Dancer of Thirupati Mandir
o Lakshmi Narayana Sastry, Radha Reddy, Raja Reddy,
Padmaja Reddy, Sujatha Sundari, Vedantam Satyanarayana,
Vempati Chinna Satyam, Shobha Naidu, Mallika Sarabhai
(Bharatanatyam), Haleem Khan, Prathiksha Kashi, Manju
Bhargavi, Pasumarti Vitthal, Bharti Vitthal, N. Shailaja,
Bhagnatulu, M. Usha Gayatri.
o Mallika Sarabhai (Bharatanatyam) → Daughter of Mrinalini
o Aparna Satesan → National Dance Shiromani Award in 2022
o T. Reddy Lakshmi (BKY 2022)
o M. Surendra Nath (BKY 2023)
Reddy Keyword, kacchi pudi ka bhog sab se pehle Lakshmi Narayana
and Satyarayana ko lagaenge, kaccha pudhi bana di ho SUJHTA hai
matlab dikhta hai usse yadd kare Sujatha Sundari ko, mai pehle apne
pati ko hi pudi dunge yadd kar Vempati Chinna Satyam, pudi nahi
dungi se Shobha Naidu ko yadd rakhe, houlle haulle dheere dhree pudi
khao yad kar Haleem Khan ko, Pudi abhi ban raha hai Prathiksha kare
wait kare yad kare isse Prathiksha Kashi ko, Manju Bhargavi yahi
manju bahar gai hai atta lane pudi banana hai na usse, pashu yani
janwar ko kaccha pudi khilane se maregi hai isse yaad rakhe Pasumarti
Vitthal, Vitthal Keyword bhi yad rakhe, kaccha pudi bana diyea hai to
lajja aa raha hai sharam aa raha hai usse yad rakhe N.Shailaja ko, pudi
kadhai me chipak gaya tha yahi sat gaya tha to yadd kare ise Aparna
Satesan.

3. Odisi
o Kelucharan Mahapatra
 Open Srijan School in 1993
 Odissi Revive
 Padma Vibhushan 2000
 Padma Bhushan 1988
 Padma Shri 1974
o Madhavi Mudgal
o Harekrishna Behera, Sonal Mansingh, Kiran Sehgal, Ravi
Karna, Sanyukta Panigrahi, Kalicharan Patnaik, Indrani
Rehman, Laxmipriya Mohapatra, Mohan Mohapatra,
Sujata Mohapatra, Minati Mishra, Kumkum Mohanty,
Gangadhar Pradhan, Durgacharan Ranbir, Mayadhar Raut,
Geeta Mahalik, Aarushi Mudgal, Sutapa Talukdar,
Ravindra Atibuddhi, Bijayini Satpathy, Deba Prasad Das,
Pankaj Charan Das, Thelum Paranjape, Leena Sitaristi,
Maila Barvi, Shoren Lomen (USA), Niranjana Raut, Sneh
Priya Samantray, Aparna Gayatri Panda, Debashish
Patnaik
 Kelu and Kali keyword, Mahapatra keyword, Das Keyword.
Backword area hai Odisha to iske according context samjhe isme
keyword hai Behera, Shoren, Samantray, Panda, Das, Mohapatra ye
sab thora backward class ka context deta hai.

4. Kathakali
o Anand Sivaraman
o Krishnan Kutty
o Marinalini Sarabhai
o Ballatal Narayan Menon, Udayashankar, Shantarao,
Krishna Nair, Keezpadam Kumaran Nair, Chemmencherry
Nair, K. Nandakumar Nair, Gopinath, Lewis Lightfoot,
Ramachandran Pillai, Haripriya Namboodiri, Guru
Shankar Namboodiripad.
o K.C. Panikar, Shankar Kurup, Hattam Shankaran.
o Sadanam P.V. Balakrishnan (PS2024)
o Kalamandalam Bala Swamy Subramanyam (SNA2022)
o Margi Vijay Kumaran (SNA2023)

Kerela ko Karela (bittergod) se samjhe or Dildo ke shape jaisa hai or

isse Anand mahsus hota hai yaadd rakhe Anand Sivaraman, or
Bhagwan Shankar ka Context jayada yeha pe milega jaise ki
Udayshankar, Guru Shankar Namboodiripa, Shankar Kurup, Hattam
Shankaran, Kutty Keyword yad rakhe, Nair Keyword, thora Christian
Context bhi hai yeha yadd kare Lewis Lightfoot, Pillai Keyword,
Maregi isko dildo se yad rakhe.

5. Kathak
o Birju Maharaj
o Lacchu Maharaj
o Sitara Devi
o Sukhdev Maharaj, Shobhona Narayan, Malvika Sarkar,
Chandralekha Bindadin Maharaj, Acchan Maharaj,
 Narayan Prasad, Kalika Prasad, Manjushree Chatterjee,
Prerna Deshpande, Nandini Singh, Roshan Kumari,
Rajakaruna Nayak, Prerna Shrimali, Rajendra Gangani,
Raghav Rajbhatt and Mangala Bhatt, Shama Bhate, Rohini
Bhate, Uma Sharma, Pandit Munnalal Shukla, Saswati
Sen, Vandna Sen, Keshav Kothari, Kajal Sharma.
o Kumudini Lakhia – Founder of Kadamb School
(Ahmedabad)
o Nalini Asthana (SNA 2022)
o Kamalini Asthana (SNA 2022)
o Jagdish Gangani (SNA 2023)
o K. Surinbhai Parikh (BKY 2023)
6. Manipuri
o Jhaveri Sisters – Darshana, Nayana, Suverna, Ranjana
o Jhaveri Sisters are the students of Guru Bipin Singh
o Guru Bipin Singh (Father of Manipuri Dance)
o Guru Amil Singh, Naikumar Singh, Rajkumar Singhjit
Singh, Aatamb Singh, L. Bino Devi, T. Ibmubi Devi,
Akham Lakshmi Devi, Bimbavati Devi, Elam Indira Devi,
Reeta Devi, Charu Mathur, Humbal Yama, Savita Mehta,
Nirmala Mehta, Guru Amubi, Nileshwar Mukherjee,
Shruti Bandhopadhyay, Aluna Kabui.
o S. Nyasokhi Devi (SNA 2022)
o Lata Sana Devi (SNA 2023)
o Urmika Maibam Devi (BKY 2022)
o P. Ripa Devi (BKY 2023)

Singh Keyword, Devi Keyword, Char mani hai mere pass isse yad
rakhe Charu Mathur, Mani hai to bhi hum humble hai yad rakhe
Humbal Yama, Mehta Keyword, Mani ko Band kar ke rakhe hai Shruti
Bandopadhyay, Nila (blue) mani hai mere pass Nileshwar Mukherjee.
 Books and Author
Ramayana
1. Other name Valmiki Ramayana (Arsh Ramayana) composed in
Sanskrit is considered the most ancient.
2. There are 24000 verses, 500 subdivisions and 7 scandals in
Ramayana.
1- ckydkaM ¼lcls cM+k½ 2- v;ks/;k dkaM 3- vj.;dkaM 4- lqanj dkaM
5- fdfdU/kk dkaM ¼lcls NksVk½ 6- yadkdkaM 7- mRrjdkaM
3. Translation of Ramayana in English - R.T.H Griphith
4. Translation of Ramayana into Persian - Mullah Abdul Qadir
Badayuni
5. Translation of Ramayana in Urdu - Rana Lakhnavi
6. Translation of Ramayana in Bengali - Kirtivas Ojha
7. Translation of Ramayana in Awadhi - Tulsi Das Ji
8. Translation of Ramayana in Tamil - Kamban
9. Translation of Ramayana in Telugu - Baskar
10. Translation of Ramayana in Kannad - Kumdendu
11. Translation of Ramayana in Nepali - Bhanubhakta Aacharya

Mahabharata
12. Other Names : Bharat Jai, Jai Sanhita
 13. Writer : Vedvyas
14. Mahabharata Persian translation - done by Akbar under the
name Razmnama (in 1582) by Abdul Qadir Badayuni
15. Mahabharata English translation - Kisari Mohan Ganguly
16. Mahabharata Tamil translation – Ramanujacharya
17. Mahabharata Bengali translation - Kaliprasanna Singh
18. Mahabharata Hindi translation - by Geeta Press (Headquarters
– Gorakhpur)

Shrimad BhagwadGeeta Ji
19. Another name Geetopanishad
20. There are 18 chapters and 700 verses.
21. English translation - William Wilkins
22. Translation in Urdu - Mohd. Mehru Allaf

Ancient Books
23. Ashtadhyayi (first Grammar of Sanskrit) - Panini
24. Mahabhasya - Patanjali
25. Yogshstra - Patanjali
26. Buddha Charit - Ashwaghosh
27. Mahavidishastra - Vasumitra
28. Swapnavasavadatta - Bhas
29. Kamasutra - Vatsyayan
30. Kumarasambhavam - Kalidas
31. Raghuvansham - Kalidas
32. Malvikagnimitram - Kalidas
33. Natyashstra - Bharatmuni
34. Devichandraguptam - Visakhadatta
35. Mudrarakshasa - Visakhadatta
36. Prithviraj Raso - Chandbardai
37. Mrichkatikam - Shudrak
38. Vrihatsanhita - Varahmihir
 39. Surya Siddhant - Varahmihir
40. Panchatantra - Vishnu Sharma
41. Kiratarjuniyam - Bharavi
42. Dashakumarcharitam - Dandi
43. Harshacharit - Banabhatta
44. Kadambari - Banabhatta
45. Ratnavali - Harshvardhan
46. Priyadarshika - Harshvardhan
47. Naganand - Harshvardhan
48. Malati Madhav - Bhavabhuti
49. Prithviraj Vijay - Jagnik
50. Karpoormanjari - Rajasekhar
51. Kavyamansa - Rajasekhar
52. Geet-Govind - Jaidev
53. Rajtarangini(History of Kashmir) - Kalhan
54. Who is called Akbar of Kashmir - Zain-ul-Abidin
55. KathaSaritsaga - Somdev
56. Aihole Prashasti - Ravikirti
57. Amarkosh - Amar Singh

Books of Delhi Sultanate

58. Tahkeek-e-Hind - Alberuni
59. Tabqat-e-Nasiri - Minhaj-us-Siraj
60. Laila Majnu - Amir Khusrau
61. Kiran-us Sadin - Amir Khusrau
62. Khazain-ul Futuh - Amir Khusrau
63. Tughlaqnama - Amir Khusrau
64. Mifta-ul-Futuh - Amir Khusrau
65. Tariq-e-Firozshahi - Ziyaddin Barani
66. Fatawa-e-Jahandari - Ziyaddin Barani
67. Kitab-ul-Rahela - Ibn Battuta
68. Taj-ul-Masir - Hasan Nizami
69. Tarikh-e-Mubarakshahi - Yahiya bin Sirhindi
70. Tarikh-e-Yamini - Utvi
Books of Mugals
71. Tuzuk-i-Babri (Baburnama) - Babar
72. Mawaiyan - Babar
73. Humayunnama - Gulbadan Begum
74. Akbarnama - Abul Fazl
75. Aine Akbari - Abul Fazl
76. Futuhat-e-Alamgiri - Ishwardas Nagar
77. Jahangir Nama – Jahangir
78. Char chaman - Chandrabhaan
79. Majma-ul-Bahrain - Darashikoh
80. Seer-e-Akbar (52 Upanishad Translation) - Darashikoh
81. Lilavati - Faizi
82. Fatwa-e-Alamgiri - Sheikh Nizamuddin Ahmad
83. Padshahnama - Abdul Hamir Lahori
84. Muntakhab-ul-Tawarikh - Badayuni

Freedom Struggle Books & Some Modern Books

85. Satyarth Prakash (1st Edition 1875 in Hindi & 2nd Edition
1882) - Dayanand Saraswati
86. Gitanjali- Rabindra Nath Tagore
87. Gora - Rabindra Nath Tagore
88. Post Master - Rabindra Nath Tagore
89. The Post Office - Rabindra Nath Tagore
90. Stray Birds - Rabindra Nath Tagore
91. Vocation - Rabindra Nath Tagore
92. Wither India - Rabindranath Tagore
93. Letters from Russia - Rabindranath Tagore
94. Sepoy Mutiny - R.C. Mujumdar (1857 के सरकारी इतिहासकार)
95. A Nation Is Making - Surendra Nath Banerjee
96. The Indian War of Independence - V.D. Savarkar
97. Neel Darpan - Deen Bandhu Mitra
98. Young India - M.K. Gandhi
99. Key to Health - M.K. Gandhi
100. My Experiments with truth (in Gujarati Langauge) - M.K.
Gandhi
101. My life my message - M.K. Gandhi
102. Pathway to God - M.K. Gandhi
103. Hindi Swaraj (Indian Homerule) - M.K. Gandhi
104. Poverty & Un British Rule of India – Dada bhai Nairoji
105. New India - Annie Besant
106. History of Hindu Chemistry - P.C. Rai
107. Soviet Asia - Pandit Nehru
108. Indian Wins Freedom - Abul Kalam Azad
109. Indian Unrest - Valentine Shirol
110. Problem of the east - Curzon
111. Gandhi vs Lenin - S.A dage
112. Why Socialism - Jai Prakash Narayan
113. Philosophy of the Bomb - Bhagwati Charan Bohra
114. Ganadevata - Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay
115. Indian Muslim - Hunter
116. The Indian Struggle - S.C Bose
117. Indian Pilgrim - S.C Bose
118. Indian in Transition - M. N Rai
119. Indian Diary – Montague
120. Geeta Rahasya - Bal Gangadhar Tilak
121. Arctic Home in the Vedas - Bal Gangadhar Tilak
122. Rise of the Maratha Power - Mahadev Govind Ranade
123. The Discovery of India - Jawaharlal Nehru
124. Rediscovery of India - Meghnad Desai
125. The life divine - Arvind Ghosh
126. Savitri - Arvind Ghosh
127. Letters on yoga - Arvind Ghosh
128. Essays on Geeta - Arvind Ghosh
129. The Mothers - Arvind Ghosh
130. Future poetry - Arvind Ghosh
131. Buddha - B.R. ambedkar
132. Karl Marx - B.R. ambedkar
133. One life is not enough - Natwar Singh
134. Unhappy India - Lala Lajpat Rai
135. Prisoner life - Shachindra Sanyal
136. Indian Home Rule - M.K. Gandhi
137. India divided - Rajendra Prasad
138. Glimpses of the world History - Pt. Nehru
139. The Scope of Happiness - Vijay Lakshmi Pandit
140. Nation Voice - Radhakrishnan
141. The Bunch of old letters - Jawaharlal Nehru
142. Letters from a father to his daughter - Jawaharlal Nehru
143. Three mistakes in my life - Chetan Bhagat
144. 400 days - Chetan Bhagat
145. Five point someone - Chetan Bhagat
146. Half Girlfriend - Chetan Bhagat
147. A Train to Pakistan - Khushwant Singh
148. Novel The Guide - R. K Narayan
149. Swami and Friends - R. K Narayan
150. Malgudi days, My days - R. K Narayan
151. The Dark Room - R. K Narayan
152. The English Teacher - R. K Narayan
153. Waiting for the Mahatama - R. K Narayan
154. Pax Indica, An Era of Darkness - Shashi Tharoor
155. Golden Girl The Autobiography of PT Usha - Lokesh Sharma
156. Citizen and Society - Hamid Ansari
157. The Accidental Prime Minister - Sanjay Baru
158. My Country My Life - L. K. Advani
159. The Idea of Justice - Amartya Sen
160. I am no masiha - Meena K. Iyer and Sonu Sood
161. Amazing Ayodhya - Nina Rai
162. Courts of India - Ranjan Gogoi
163. Himalayan blunder - JP Dalvi
164. Wings of Fire (Autobiography) - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
165. Scientist to President - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
166. India my dream - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
167. Ignited minds - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
168. you are born to blossom - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
169. failure is a teacher - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
170. Turning points - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
171. Indomitable spirit - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
172. India 2020 - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
173. Learning how to fly - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
174. Inspiring thoughts - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
175. Target 3 Billion - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
176. Mere Sapno ka Bharat - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
177. My Truth - Indira Gandhi
178. On Peoples and Problem - Indira Gandhi
179. Eternal India - Indira Gandhi
180. Sakshi Bhava (Hindi) - Narendra Modi
181. Jyoti Punj (Hindi) - Narendra Modi
182. Exam Warrior - Narendra Modi
183. Matters of Discretion - Inderkumar Gujral
184. Changing India - Dr. Manmohan Singh
185. To the nation for the nation - Dr. Manmohan Singh
186. Challenges Before the Nation - Pranab Mukherjee
187. Dramatic Decade - Pranab Mukherjee
188. Religion and Society - Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
189. Indian Philosophy - Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
190. Down Memory Lane - Mother Teresa
191. Who won Mann Booker Prize, 1981 - Salman Rushdie
192. Midnight Children - Salman Rushdie
193. The Satanic Verses - Salman Rushdie
194. The Golden House - Salman Rushdie
195. Shame - Salman Rushdie
196. Quichotte - Salman Rushdie
197. Who won Mann Booker Prize, 2006 - Kiran Desai
198. The Inheritance of Loss - Kiran Desai
199. Who won Mann Booker Prize, 2008 - Arvind Adiga
200. Selection Days - Arvind Adiga
201. The last Man in the tower - Arvind Adiga
202. Amnesty - Arvind Adiga
203. Who won Nobel Prize for Literature, 2001 - VS Naipaul
204. India: A Wounded Civilization - VS Naipaul
205. India: A Million Mutinies Now - VS Naipaul
206. A House for Mr. Vishwas - VS Naipaul
207. Magic Seeds - VS Naipaul
208. Who won (Padma Shri Award, Literature and Education 2007,
Commonwealth Writers Award, 1994 - Vikram Seth
209. The Golden Gate - Vikram Seth
210. A Suitable Boy - Vikram Seth
211. A Suitable Girl - Vikram Seth
212. An Equal Music - Vikram Seth
213. Two Lives - Vikram Seth
214. Who won Commonwealth Writer, Award for Europe and South
Asia Region in 1990 - Shashi Tharoor
215. The Great Indian Novel - Shashi Tharoor
216. Why I am Hindu - Shashi Tharoor
217. Who won Pulitzer Prize, 2000 - Jhumpa Lahiri
218. The Interpreter of Melanies Unaccoustomed Earth - Jhumpa
Lahiri
219. The Namesake - Jhumpa Lahiri
220. Who won Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar, 2016 - Nilotpal
Mrinal Shandilya
221. Dark Horse: An Untold Story - Nilotpal Mrinal Shandilya
222. Plagues and Peoples - William H. McNeil
223. Main Kempf - Hitler
224. Freedom from Fear - On-San-Soo-Ki
225. The God of Small Things - Arundhati Roy
226. The End of Imagination - Arundhati Roy
227. Capitalism - Arundhati Roy
228. Azadi - Arundhati Roy
229. Heart of India - Mark Tully
230. Origin of Species - Charles Darwin
231. Daughter of Destiny: Autobiography - Benazir Bhutto
232. A Passage to England - Neerad C. Chaudhary
233. The Wonder That Was India - AL Basham
 234. A Passage to India - EM Fasterz
235. Nine Days Wonder - John Masefield
236. The Principia - Newton
237. The World As I See It - Albert Einstein
238. Small is Beautiful - E F Schumacher
239. Moon Walk (Biography) - Michael Jackson
240. Jinnah: India - Jaswant Singh
241. Partition - Jaswant Singh
242. Independence - Jaswant Singh
243. Lajja - Taslima Nasreen
244. French lover - Taslima Nasreen
245. Agattiyam (Akattiyam) (is a Tamil Grammar Book) -
Agattiar(Agastya)
246.

Important books of Actor and Actress

247. Romancing With life - Dev Anand
248. Khullam Khulla - Rishi Kapoor
249. Cracking The Code - Ayushmann Khurrana
250. You are the best - Anupam Kher
251. Your Best Day is today - Anupam Kher
252. An ordinary life - Nawazuddin Siddiqui
253. The kiss of life - Emraan Hashmi
254. Dopaharee - Pankaj Kapoor
255. An unsuitable boy - Karan Johar
256. Sour Curry for you and me - Amitabh Bachchan
257. The Bachlor Dad - Tusshar Kapoor
258. I am no Massiah - Sonu Sood
259. The Substance and shadow (Autobiography) - Dilip Kumar
260. Bad man - Gulshan Grover
261. Unfinished - Priyanka Chopra
262. My life in Design - Gauri Khan
263. Pregnancy Bible : Delivery Soon - Karina Kapoor
264. The Modern Gurukul - Sonali Bindra
 265. Now a Nation Best Seller - Silpa Setthi
266. The Diary of a Domestic Diva - Silpa Setthi
267. The Great Indian Diet - Silpa Setthi
268. Mrs Funnybones - Twinkel Khanna
269. The Legend of Laxmi Prasad - Twinkel Khanna
270. Welcome to Paradise - Twinkel Khanna
271. The Stars in my Sky - Divya Datta
272. Ed finds a home - Alia Bhatt

Important Books of Players

273. Sunny Days, Idols - Sunil Gavaskar
274. Cutting Edge - Javed Miandad
275. Playing With Fire - Nasser Hussain
276. Straight From The Heart - Kapil Dev
277. The Nice Guy Who Finished Last - Rahul Dravid
278. Portrait of a Flawed Genius - Shane Warne
279. No Spin - Shane Warne
280. Game Changer - Shahid Afridi
281. Line and Strength - Glenn McGrath
282. True Colours - Adam Gilchrist
283. Controversially Yours - Shoaib Akhtar
284. At the Close of Play - Ricky Ponting
285. Playing It My Way - Sachin Tendulkar
286. Driven - Virat Kohli
287. Believe - Suresh Raina
288. 281 and Beyond - V.V.S. Laxman
289. My Story - Michael Clarke
290. Unguarded - Mithali Raj
291. Playing to Win - Saina Nehwal
292. Mind Master: My Best Game of Chess - Viswanathan Anand
293. Shuttling to the Top - P.V. Sindhu
294. Standing My Ground - Matthew Hayden
295. Roy on the Rise - Andrew Symonds
296. The Test of My Life - Yuvraj Singh
 297. Goal - Major Dhyan Chand
298. The Race of My Life - Milkha Singh
299. Unbreakable - M.C. Mary Kom
300. A Shot at History - Abhinav Bindra
301. A Century is Not Enough - Sourav Ganguly
302. Six Machine - Chris Gayle
303. Serve to Win - Novak Djokovic
304. Born Again on the Mountain - Arunima Sinha
305. A Long Innings - Vijay Hazare
306. Wide Angle - Anil Kumble
307. Faster Than Lightning - Usain Bolt
308. No Limits - Michael Phelps
309. Beating the Field - Brian Lara
310. To the Point - Herschelle Gibbs
311. Unstoppable - My Life So Far - Maria Sharapova
312. The Small Wonder - Dipa Karmakar
313. Imperfect - Sanjay Manjrekar
314. Golden Boy - Neeraj Chopra (Navdeep Gill)
315. Golden Girl - P.T. Usha (Lokesh Chaudhary)
316. A Champion's Mind - Pete Sampras
317. RAFA - Rafael Nadal
318. The Winning Way - Harsha Bhogle
319. The Insider - Aakash Chopra
320. A Touch of Tennis - Nirmal Shekhar
321. My Cricketing Years - Ajit Wandekar

Previous Year SSC Exam Books

322. If God Was a Banker - Ravi Subramanian
323. The Last Song of Dusk - Siddharth Dhanvant Sanghvi
324. The Mountain of Light - Indu Sundaresan
325. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Maya Angelou
326. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban - J.K. Rowling
327. Autobiography of Former U.S. President Bill Clinton - My Life
328. The Moors Last Sigh - Salman Rushdie
329. On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft - Stephen King
330. A Grain of Sand in the Hourglass of Time - Arjun Singh
331. The Soul of a Butterfly: Reflections on Life’s Journey -
Muhammad Ali
332. Red Earth and Pouring Rain: A Novel - Vikram Chandra
333. Seeta: An Illustrated Retelling of the Ramayana - Devdutt
Pattanaik
334. The Fall of a Sparrow - Salim Ali
335. The Zoya Factor - Anuja Chauhan
336. Animal Farm - George Orwell
337. The Palace of Illusions - Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
338. The 7 Sins of Being a Mother - Tahira Kashyap Khurrana
339. Narendra Modi: A Political Biography - Andy Marino
340. The Paradise of Food - Khalid Javed
341. A Life of the Genius: The Man Who Knew Infinity - Srinivasa
Ramanujan
342. Freedom in Exile - Dalai Lama
343. In the Afternoon of Time - Harivansh Rai Bachchan
344. An Autobiography: Toward Freedom - Jawaharlal Nehru
345. Life of Pi - Yann Martel
346. The tragic story Othello - William Shakespeare
347. Oliver Twist - Charles Dickens
348. Language of Truth: Essays 2003-2020 - Salman Rushdie
349. Comparative Study of Men and Women - Tarabai Shinde
350. Slumdog Millionaire - Vikas Swarup
351. Controversial novel Lajja - Taslima Nasrin
352. Set the Boy Free - Johnny Marr
353. Famous Marathi novel Mrityunjay - Shivaji Sawant
354. The Man Who Made the Elephant Dance - Dr. Verghese Kurien
355. Girls Don't Cry - Meghna Pant
356. Narcopolis - Jeet Thayil
357. Burnt Sugar - Avni Doshi
358. See-You-Key or The Records of the Western World - Hiuen
Tsang
359. Peeling Myself - Nand Kishore Acharya
 360. 150 Years of Celebrating the Mahatma - The South African
Legacy - Fakir Hasan
361. Special: Code to Win - Niroopama Yadav
362. Men in White - A Book of Cricket - Mukul Kesavan
363. A Fine Balance - Rohinton Mistry
364. Atish-e-Chinar (Flames of Chinar) - Sheikh Muhammad
Abdullah
365. Believe – What Life and Cricket Taught Me - Suresh Raina
(2022)
366. Fearless Governance - Kiran Bedi (First Woman – IPS, Ramon
Magsaysay Award - 1994, Served as the Lieutenant Governor
of Puducherry for 5 years)
367. Tomb of Sand - Geetanjali Shree
368. Azadi – Freedom, Fascism, Fiction - Arundhati Roy
369. Sea of Poppies - Amitav Ghosh
370. How to Live Your Life, All-Time Favorites for Children -
Ruskin Bond
371. Letters to Self - Narendra Modi
372. Ambedkar: A Life - Shashi Tharoor

2023-24 Books
1. India, Bharat and Pakistan: The Contributional Journey of San
dwiched Civilization – J Sai Deepak
2. Unbounded – Abhayanand
3. The Hero of Tiger Hill – Captain Yogendra Singh Yadav
4. Shivaji: India’s Great Warrior King – Vaibhav Purandare
5. Identity Struggle – Shashi Tharoor
6. With and After Kashmir 370 – Jitendra Dixit
7. A Country Called Childhood: A Memoir – Deepti Dixit
8. Salman Khan: The Man, The Actor, The Legend – Devapriya
Sanyal
9. The Architect of the New BJP: How Narendra Modi Transfor
med the Party – Ajay Singh
10. Hey Ram to Jai Shree Ram – Anand Vardhan Singh
11. Nehru and the Spirit of India – Manas Fishak Bhattacharya
12. How to Live Your Life – Ruskin Bond
13. Hear Yourself – Prem Rawat
14. Not Just a Nightwatchman: My Innings with BCCI – Vinod
Rai
15. Tomb of Sand – Geetanjali Shree
16. The Maverick Effect – Harish Mehta
17. Golden Boy Neeraj Chopra – Navdeep Singh Gill
18. How to Prevent the Next Pandemic – Bill Gates
19. A Nation to Protect – Priyam Gandhi Modi
20. On Board – Ratnakar
21. Sea of Poppies, The Shadow Lines – Amitav Ghosh
22. Ambedkar: A Life – Shashi Tharoor
23. The Doctor and the Saint – Arundhati Roy
24. Burnt Sugar – Avni Doshi
25. The Light We Carry – Michelle Obama
26. Dreams From My Father – Barack Obama
27. Save America – Donald Trump
28. Source Code – Bill Gates
29. Israel War Diary – Vishal Pandey
30. Swallowing the Sun: A Novel – Lakshmi Mukdeshwarpuri
31. Call Off the Girl – Parism Nathwani
32. Slumdog Millionaire – Vikas Swarup
33. Six Suspects – Vikas Swarup
34. Dollar Bahu – Sudha Murthy
35. Three Thousand Stitches – Sudha Murthy
36. City of Incident – Annie Zaidi
37. Fearless Governance – Kiran Bedi
38. Creating Leadership – Kiran Bedi
39. Himmat Hai – Kiran Bedi
40. What Went Wrong and Why – Kiran Bedi
41. The 10 Trillion Dream – Subhash Garg
42. All-Time Favourite for Children – Ruskin Bond
43. Heavenly Islands of Goa – Shridharn Pillai
44. The Idea of Democracy – Sam Pitroda
45. Social Harmony – Narendra Modi
46. Letters of Self – Narendra Modi
47. Bose – Chandrachur Ghosh
48. McMahon Line – J.J. Singh
49. Nathuram Godse – Dhaval Kulkarni
50. My Life as a Comrade – K.K. Shailaja
51. Reflections – Narayanan Vaghul
52. Courting India – Nandini Das
53. Victory City – Salman Rushdie
54. The Poverty of Political Economy – Meghnad Desai
55. The Yoga Sutras for Children – Roopa Pai
56. Ajay to Yogi Adityanath – Shantanu Gupta
57. Smoke and Ashes – Amitav Ghosh
58. Sachin @ 50: Celebrating a Maestro – Boria Majumdar
59. Gandhi: Politics and Communalism – Piyush Babele
60. Breaking Barriers – Kaki Madhava Rao
61. Why Didn't You Come Earlier – Kailash Satyarthi
62. Ambedkar: A Life – Shashi Tharoor
63. Revolutionary – Sanjeev Sanyal
64. Jadoonama – Javed Akhtar
65. Irrfan Khan: A Life in Movies – Sukhpreet Kaur
66. Bravehearts of Bharat – Vikram Sampath
67. The Chipko Movement: A Pupil's History – Shekhar Pathak
68. Jeete Jee Allahabad – Mamta Kalia
69. India’s Economy from Nehru to Modi – Pulapre Balakrishnan
70. Indian Banking in Retrospect: 75 Years of Independence –
Ashutosh
71. Ambedkar and Modi – Ilaiyaraja
72. Lockdown Lyrics – Sanyukta Das
73. The McMahon Line: A Century of Discord – J.J. Singh
74. Gandhi and the Champaran Satyagraha – Suranjan Das
75. Gautam Adani: The Man Who Changed India – R.N. Bhaskar
76. Ashtanga Yoga – Dr. Sonu Phogat
77. Indian Constitution: The Untold Story – Ram Bahadur Rai
78. Place Called Home – Preeti Shenoy
79. Listen to Your Heart: London Adventure – Ruchika Bond
80. The Golden Years – Ruchika Bond
81. New India's Samaveda – Dialogue with Former President Ram
Nath Kovind; Speeches compiled from PM Narendra Modi
82. Welcome to Paradise – Twinkle Khanna
83. The Book of Life: My Dance with Buddha for Success – Vivek
Agnihotri
84. G20@2023: The Roadmap to Indian Presidency – V. Srinivas
85. Manasoot – Abhay K.
86. Designing Prime Ministers – Neerja Chaudhary
87. Kargil: A Soldier’s Story – Rashi Raj
88. The Secret of the Kingdom – Ramachandra Guha
89. The Golden Years – Ruchika Bond
90. Smoke and Ashes – Amitav Ghosh
91. War and Women – Dr. M.A. Hussain
92. Mundaka Upanishad: The Bridge to Immortality – Dr. Karn
Singh
93. Victory City – Salman Rushdie
94. Modi: Shaping a Global Order in Flux – Foreign Minister S.
Jaishankar
95. Forks in the Road: My Days at RBI and Beyond – C.
Rangarajan
96. Ambedkar: A Life – Shashi Tharoor
97. The Light We Carry: Overcoming in Uncertain Times –
Michelle Obama
98. Winning the Inner Battle – Shane Watson
99. Jeete Jee Allahabad – Mamta Kalia
100. India’s Economy from Nehru to Modi – Pulapre Balakrishnan
101. Four Stars of Destiny – Gen. Manoj Mukund Naravane
102. Breaking the Mould: Reimagining India’s Economic Future –
Rohit Lamba
103. Nilavu Kudicha Simhangal – S. Somnath
104. Building Partnerships – Captain Himadri Das
105. Snakes of Himachal Pradesh – Omesh Kumar Bharti & D.D.
Bisht
 106. Do Palkon Ki Chhavn Mein – Dr. Hema Joshi
107. Welcome to Paradise – Twinkle Khanna
108. India’s Finance Ministers – A.K. Bhattacharya
109. Droupadi Murmu – Kasturi Ray
110. Kargil: Ek Yatri Ki Jubani – Shri Rishi Raj
111. Manasoot – Abhay K.
112. Heritage Trees of Goa – P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
113. Let’s Move Forward – Dr. Dinesh Prasad Saklani
114. Phoolange – Lekhnath Chhetri

Railway RPF SI
1. Rays and Ways of Indian Culture → DP Dubey
2. Reenchantment – Masterworks of Sculpture in Village Temples
of Bihar and Orissa → Robert N. Linrothe
3. A Life in the Shadows : A Memoir → AS Daulat
4. Women Freedom Fighters of India → Sanjay Yadav
5. A Brush with life: An Autobiography → Satish Gujral in 1997
6. Masterpieces of Vijayanagara Art → Sindigi Rajasekhara
7. Stripurushtulna →Tarabai Shinde
8. Adipurana → Jinasena
9. Ardhakathanak →Banarasidas
10. Significance of Vimanm and Gopuram → V Ganapati Sthapati
11. The Palace of Illusions → Chitra Banerjee Divakuruni
12. The End of Imagination → Arundhati Roy
13. Ganesha’s Sweet Tooth → Sanjay Patel and Emily Haynes
14. Who started a Marathi fortnightly-Newspaper 'Mooknayak' in
1920? → BR Ambedkar
15. Mahabhashya → Patanjali
16. The Inheritance of Loss → Kiran Desai
17. Dollar Bahu → Sudha Murty
18. Kathasaritasagara (written in Sanskrit Language) → Somdeva
19. Amar Jiban → Bengali
20. The White Tiger → Aravind Adiga
21. The Discovery of India → Jawaharlal Nehru
 22. Ashtadhyayi → Panini
23. Maalvikagnimitram → Kalidas
24. Gaathasaptshati → Hala

International Organization
 League of Nations (Established: 1920, HQ: Geneva)
 United Nation was established on 24 October 1945, Current
Member in UN is 193, HQ: New York (Man Hainton Island)
 Languages uses in UN is English and French
 Other recognized languages is Chinese, Arabic, Russian, Spanish
 Organs of United Nations (6):
1. General Assembly (HQ: New York)
2. Security Council (HQ: New York)
3. Economic and Social Council (HQ: New York)
4. Pranyas Parishad (stopped functioning since 1994)
5. International Court of Justice (HQ: Hague, Hetherlands)
6. Secretariat (HQ: New York)
1. General Assembly
 Meeting every year (from 3rd Tuesday of September to
mid-December)
2. Security Council
 Nickname is Policeman of the World
 Total Members is 15 (Non-Permanent = 10 | Permanent
Member = 5)
 Approval of 9 out of 15 members is necessary for a
positive decision.
 Japan Selected most of the times = 11 times
 India Selected for = 8 times
3. Economic and Social Council
 ASEAN
o Estd: 8 August 1967
o HQ: Jakarta, Indonesia
o ASEAN Day celebrated on 8 August
 BIMSTEC
o Estd: 6 June 1997 Under Bangkok Declaration
o HQ: Dhaka
o 7 Countries: India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Srilanka,
Myanmar, Thailand
o Secretary General of BIMSTEC = Indra Mani Pandey
 Asian Development Bank
o Estd: 19 December 1966
o HQ: Manila
o President: Masatsugu Asakawa
 Common Wealth Nation
o Estd: 11 December 1931 (by the Treaty of Westminster)
o HQ: London
o Commonwealth Day is celebrated on 24 May.
 OPEC
o Estd: 1960 (Baghdad Conference)
o HQ: Vienna (Austria)
 BRICS
o Estd: 2009
o Countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
o New Development Bank is Bank of BRICS
 Estd: 2014
 HQ: Shanghai (china)
 UNESCO
o Estd: 1945
o HQ: Paris
o Current Director General: Andre Anjole
o April 18 = World Heritage Site Day
o Most UNESCO Sites is in Italy (60), China (59)
 G-7
o Estd: 1975
o 7 Countries: Germany, Japan, Canada, US, UK, France,
Italy
 G-20
o Estd: 1999
o Countries: 19 Countries + European Union
 AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank)
o Estd: 2015
o HQ: Beijing
 Red Cross
o May 8 is celebrated as Red Cross Day.
o 1863 – Henry Dunant (Founder)
o HQ: Geneva
 InterPol (International Police)
o Estd: 1923
o HQ: Lyons
 Arab League
o Estd: 1945
o HQ: Cairo (Egypt)
 UNCTAD (United Nation Conference on Trade and
Development)
o Estd: 1964
o HQ: Geneva
o President: Rebecca Grinspan
o Conference 1 time in four years
 UNDP (United Nation Development Program)
o Estd: 1965
o HQ: New York
o President: Achim Steiner
 UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund)
o Estd: 1946
o HQ: New York
o Head: Tedros Adhanom
 o Millie Bobby Brown has been announced as Unicef’s
youngest goodwill ambassador at the age of 14.
 QUAD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue)
o Estd: 2007
o 4 Member Countries: India, US, Australia, Japan
 SCO (Shanghai Co-Operation Organization)
o Estd: 2001
o Member Countries: India, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Iran
 WHO (World Health Organization)
o Estd: 7 April 1948
o HQ: Geneva
o President: Tedros
o 7 April is celebrated as Health Day.
 ILO (International Labour Organization)
o Estd: 1919
o HQ: Geneva
 WMO (World Meteorological Organization)
o Estd: 1951
o HQ: Geneva
 World Intellectual Property Organization
o Estd: 1967
o HQ: Geneva
 FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
o Estd: 1945
o HQ: Italy
o The award is presented each year in October on or around
United Nations World Food Day ( 16 October)
 UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention Climate
Change)
o Estd: 1992 was adopted for climate change
o Secretariat is in Wan (Germany) since 1995
 UNEP (United Nation Environment Programme)
o Estd: 1972
o HQ: Nairobi
 Temples
1. Three common temple architecture in India.
 Nagar Style (between Himalaya and Vindhyas)
 Darvidian Style (in South India)
 Besar Style (a mixture of Nagar and Dravidian Style)
2. Garbhagriha - the innermost part of the temple where the idol
of the deity is kept.
3. Mahamandapa - the largest part of the temple
4. Antaral - small antechamber between the sanctum sanctorum
and the mandapam
5. Amlak (Kalash) - It is installed on the peak.
6. Gopuram - huge gateway pillar, built in Dravidian style
 Highest Gopuram Ranganatha Swamy Temple Tamil
Nadu
7. Vimana - form of the main tower of the temple
8. Char-Dham Yatra
a) Badrinath: Uttarakhand (Jyotirmath)
b) Dwarka: Gujarat (Sharda Math)
c) Puri: Odisha (Gobardhan Math)
d) Rameswaram: Tamil Nadu (Vedanta)
9. Total 12 Jyotirmath and 51 Shaktipith
S.No. Jyotirlinga Name State
1 Somnath Gujarat
2 Mallikarjuna Andhra Pradesh
3 Mahakaleshwar Madhya Pradesh
4 Omkareshwar Madhya Pradesh
5 Kedarnath Uttarakhand
 6 Bhimashankar Maharashtra
7 Kashi Vishwanath Uttar Pradesh
8 Trimbakeshwar Maharashtra
9 Vaidyanath Jharkhand
10 Nageshwar Gujarat
11 Rameshwaram Tamil Nadu
12 Grishneshwar Maharashtra
State Temples
Jammu and Kashmir (a) Vaishno Mata Mandir
(b) Ranbireshwar Temple (by Maharaja
Ranbir Singh)
(c) Amarnath Cave Temple
(d) Raghunath Temple (by Maharaja
Gulab Singh)
(e) Kheer Bhavani Temple (by
Maharaja Pratap Singh)
(f) Sun Temple (by Ashoka’s Son
Jaluka
(g) Martand Sun Temple
Ladakh (a) Alchi Chos Khor (by Richen
Tsangpo
Himachal Pradesh (a) Maa Chintpurni Devi Temple
(b) Jwalamukhi Temple
(c) Shri Hanuman / Jakhu Temple
(d) Sankat Mochan Temple
(e) Hadimba Devi Temple
Uttarakhand (a) Badrinath Temple
(b) Kedarnath Temple
(c) Surkanda Devi Temple
(d) Mansa Devi Temple
(e) Nanda Devi Temple
(f) Naina Devi Temple
(g) Hemkund Sahib (Chamoli)
Haryana (a) Thaneshwar Mahadev Temple
(b) Sheetla Mata Temple
 (c) Eklavya Mata Temple
(d) Bhooto ka Temple
(e) Atlas Temple
Punjab (a) Durgiana Temple
(b) Golden Temple
Rajasthan (a) Bharmaji Temple (Pushkar)
(b) Khatushyam Temple
(c) Salasar Balaji Temple
(d) Karni Mata Mandir (chooho ka
Mandir)
Uttar Pradesh (a) Kashi Vishwanath Temple
(b) Dashashwamedh Ghat Temple
(c) Rangji Temple
(d) Prem Mandir
(e) Bade Hanuman Temple
(f) Man Kameshwar Temple
(g) Bharat Mata Temple
(h) Madan Mohan Temple
(i) Sarnath Temple
New Delhi (a) Akshardham Temple
(b) Jhandewala Hanuman Mandir
(c) Birla Mandir (Lakshminarayan
Mandir)
(d) Lotus Temple
(e) Kalkaji Temple
Bihar (a) Mahabodhi Temple
(b) Patan Devi Temple
(c) Jal Mandir
(d) Sumera Sun Temple
Madhya Pradesh (a) Omkareshwar Temple
(b) Mahakaleshwar Temple
(c) Saas-Bahu Temple
(d) Chausathi Yogini Temple
(e) Gadhkalika Temple
(f) Kandariya Mahadeva Temple
 (g) Sanchi Stupa
(h) Mahakaleshwar Jyotilinga Temple
Chhattisgarh (a) Danteswari Temple
(b) Chandrahasini Temple
(c) Maa Bamleshwari Devi Temple
(d) Sirpur Tirth Mandir
(e) Mama Bhanja Temple
Jharkhand (a) Baidhnath Temple (Shiv Temple)
(b) Nolakha Temple
(c) Haldi Ghati Temple
(d) Ugratara Temple
Tamil Nadu (a) Meenakshi Temple (Mata Parvati)
(by Pandya Rulers)
(b) Brihadeeswarar Temple (by Raj Raj
Chol)
(c) Shri Puram Golden Temple (by
Chola Rulers)
(d) Ekambareswarar Temple
(e) Nataraja Temple
(f) Mallapuram (Narasimha Burman II)
(g) Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple
(Shiv Temple) (Rajendra Chola I)
(h) Ranganatha Swami Temple
(i) Airavatesvar Temple
(j) Kailasanathar Temple
(k) Rameshwaram Temple
(l) Shore Temple (dedicated to Lord
Vishnu. It has now achieved a
significant milestone by becoming
India’s first green energy
archaeological site.)
Karnataka (a) Virupaksha Temple (Lord Shiv)
(Chalukya Vikramaditya II)
(b) Hazara Ram Temple (Lord Vishnu)
(c) Hoysala Temple
 (d) Shri Vijay Vitthal Temple
(e) तिन मंतिर समहू (Belur Mandir, Halebidu
Mandir, Somnathpur Mandir)
(f) Tibetan Buddhist Golden Temple
(g) Gomteshwar Temple (Bahubali
Temple)
(h) Murudeshwar Temple
Kerala (a) Padmanabha Swami Temple (Lord
Shiv) (Martand Verma)
(a) Sabarimala Temple (Lord
Ayyappan) by Raja Rajsekhara
(b) Attukal Bhagavathi Temple
Andhra Pradesh (a) Lord Venkateshwara Temple also
known as Tirupati Balaji (Sri
Krishan Devaraya)
(b) Ahobilam Temple (Chalukya
Dynasty)
(c) Lepakshi Temple
(d) Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga Temple
(e) Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha Temple
(f) Veerbhadra Temple
Telangana (a) Ramappa Temple (by Kakatya
Dynasty Recharla Rudra Dev)
(b) Sangameshwar Temple (Maharaja
Satyasraya Vijayaditya)
(c) Tadagiri Temple
Maharashtra (a) Sai Baba Temple
(b) Kailash Temple (Elora)
(c) Ghrishneswar Temple (Maloji Raje
Monsale-Grandfather of Chhatrapati
Shivaji)
(d) Trimbakeshwar Temple (Nana
Saheb Pehswa)
(e) Siddhi Vinayak Temple (Vittu and
Deubai Patil)
 (f) Bhimshankar Jyotirlinga Temple
(g) Elephanta Caves
Goa (a) Mangeshi Temple
(b) Kamakshi Temple
West Bengal (a) Kalighat Kali Temple – Shaktipith
(b) Temple of Vedic Planterium
(c) Agni Temple
(d) Vishnupur Mandir
(e) Dakshineswar Kali Temple
Gujarat (a) Somnath Temple
(b) Dwarkadhish Temple (Jagat Mandir)
(c) Shamlaji Temple
(d) Dakshinamurthy Temple
Odisha (a) Jagannath Temple
(b) Sun Temple Konark
(c) Lingaraj Temple
(d) Mukteshwar Temple
(e) Birja Temple
(f) Raj Rani Temple
(g) Samleshwari Temple
Assam (a) Kamakhya Mata Mandir
(b) Surkeshwar Temple
Tripura (a) Unakoti Cave Temple
Sri Lanka (a) Temple of Tooth (Buddhist Temple)
Myanmar (a) Golden Pagoda
(b) Anand Temple

Gharana
1. Gwalior Gharana
o Oldest Gharana
o Founder : Haddu Khan, Hassu Khan, Nathu Khan
 o Main Artist : Vishnu Digambar Puluskar, Omkarnath
Thakur, Veen Sahastrabuddhe, Meeta Pandit, Miyan
Tansen
2. Indore Gharana
o Madhya Pradesh me hai
o Founder : Ustad Aamir Khan
3. Agra Gharana
o Founder : Haji Sujan Khan (Son-in-law of Tansen),
Ghagge Khuda Baksh
o Main Artist : Faiyaz Khan, Latafat Hussain, Khadim
Hussain, Vilayat Khan
4. Kirana Gharana
o Founder : Abdul Karim Khan, Abdul Wahid Khan
o Main Artist : Bheemsen Joshi, Gangubai Hangal, Sawai
Gandharva, Sureshbabu Mane, Prabha Atre, Hirabai
Badodkar, Manik Verma.
5. Banaras Gharana
o Shehnai Player : Ustad Bismillah Khan, Pandit Ramshay
Mishra
o Tabla Player : Pandit Khante Maharaj, Pandit Anokhe Lal,
Pandit Kishan Maharaj, Pandit Gudai Maharaj (Samta
Prasad).
o Pakhawaj + Mridang Player : Madan Mohan, Bholanath
Pathak, Pandit Amarnath Mishra.
o Sarangi Player : Shambhu Sameer, Gopal Mishra,
Hanuman Prasad Mishra, Narayan Vinayak
o Sitar Player : Pt. Ravi Shankar
o Santoor Player : Shiv Kumar Sharma
6. Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana
o Artist : Mallkirjun Mansoor, Kesar Bhai Kerkar, Kishori
Amonkar, Shruti Sadolikar, Padam Talwalkar, Ashwini
Bhide, Vidyagori Adkar, Bade ali Khan, Pandit Lakshman
Prasad.
7. Rampur-Sahaswa Gharana
o Founder : Ustad Inayat Khan , Mahbub Khan
 o Artist : Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Ustad Nisar Khan, Ustad
Rashid Khan, Sulochana, Brihaspati Ji, Munir Niyaji,
Sadik Hussain, Jishan Khan
8. Patiyala Gharana (Branch of Delhi Gharana)
o Founder : Ustad Fateh Ali Khan, Ustad Ali Baksh
o Artist : Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Ajay Chakraborty, Raja
Ali Khan, Begum Akhtar (ghazal and thumri), Nirmala
Devi, Naina Devi, Parveen Sultana
9. Delhi Gharana
o Founder : Ustad Mamman Khan
o Promoter : Tanras Khan, Shabbu Khan
o Artist : Chand Khan, Naseer Ahmed Khan, Usman Khan,
Iqbal Ahmed Khan, Krishna Bisht
10. Bhidi Bazar Gharana
o Founder : Ustad Chhajju Khan
o Artist : Ustad Aman Ali Khan, Anjanibai Malpekar,
Shashikala Koratkar, Lata Mangeskar
11. Mewati Gharana
o Founder : Ghagge Nazir Khan
o Artist : Pt. Jasraj, Motiram, Maniram, Sanjeev Abhyankar
12. Lucknow Gharana
o Artist : Bhidadi (khatak), Birju Maharaj, Kodak Singh,
Begum Akhtar (ghazal and thumri)

Festivals
Andhra Pradesh
1. Flamingo
2. Kalyanotsavam
3. Yellamma Jatara
4. Durgamma Vishakha (State Colorful Festival in Mid-January)
5. Lumbini Mahotsav (3 Day Festival in December) (Gautam
Buddaha realated Festival)
6. Deccan Festival (5 Day)
 7. Ugaadi (Also celebrated in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.) (New
Year of South India).
8. Tyagaraja Aradhana
9. Brahmotsav
10. Bhishma Ekadashi
11. Rayalaseema Food and Dance Festival
12. Bunny Festival
13. Atla taddi

Arunachal Pradesh
1. Solung utsav (To ward off from Evilspirits)
2. Dree Utsav (5-7 July)
3. Losar (tribe Monpa) (Tibet New Year, Also Celebrated in
Nepal and Bhutan)
4. Mopin (Galo Tribe)
5. Sangken (New Year of Arunachal)
6. Pangsau
7. Festival of Mayo
8. Morong
9. Tamladu (Mishmi Tribe)
10. Gyro Sangit
11. Reh Festival
12. Chalo loku (Noctes tribes) (Bamboo dress)
13. Buri boot (Nishi tribe)
14. Nyokum
15. Brahmaputra Darshan Festival
16. Siang River Festival
17. Winter festival near Pangsau
18. Torgya (by Monpa Tribe related with Buddha Relation)
19. Khan Festival

Assam
 1. Bihu (7 days)
2. m.dm.m.fi (by Ahom Tribe)
3. Beshgu (by Bodo Tribe)
4. majuli (21-24 Nov.)
5. Dehing Patkai (for Elephant Related)
6. Baikho (Rabaash Community)
7. Ambubachi (poorv ka mahaakumbh) (celebrated in Kamakhya
Devi Mandir)
8. Ali-i-Ligang
9. Chay Mahotsav (Nov.)
10. Karam Pooja
11. Husri
12. Daul
13. Rongkar
14. Parag Festival
15. Chomang Cannes Festival
16. Bhauna Utsav
17. Dwijing Festival
18. Rajni Gabra and Harni Gabra
19. Uruka

Bihar
1. Saama-chakeva (bird festival)
2. bihula
3. Jitiya
4. Sohrai
5. Sarhul (new year of advasi)
6. karma
7. Chhath Puja
8. Madhushravani
9. Malmas Fair
10. Rajgir
11. Pitru Paksha Fair
 12. Sonpur Animal Festival

Chhattisgarh
1. Hareli
2. Madee (by Gond Tribe)
3. Pola
4. Bhojli
5. Chher Chera
6. Maghnath Parv
7. Dewari
8. Bastar Dussehra (75 Day) (Durga Devi ki celebration)
9. Goncha
10. Bhoramdev Festival
11. Kajri Utsav
12. Chakradhar Utsav
13. Rajim Kumbh (Chattisgarph ka Pragraj , Sangam of 3 River –
Mahanadi, Pauri, Sondur River)
14. Phagun Wari
15. Shaiorinarayan

Goa
1. Fest of Saint Francis Javier
2. Bonderum
3. Angoor Mahotsav
4. Shigmo
5. Sao Joao Mahotsav
6. Three kings festival
7. Sun Burn Festival
8. Mango Festival
9. Chicle Kalo
10. Viva Charnival
11. Sanjav
12. Vasco Festival
 13. Fatorpa Jatra

Gujarat
1. Modhera Utsav
2. Madhavpur Mela (in memory of Krishna ji and Rukmini Devi
ji)
3. Paragliding Utsav (26 Days)
4. International Kite Mahotsav (14 January)
5. Rann Utsav
6. Khel Mahotsav
7. Beach Mahotsav
8. Makar Sankranti
9. Shamlaji Fair (on the banks of Meshvu River)
10. Tarnetar Fair
11. Votha fair
12. Saptak Fair
13. Divasho
14. Picturesque
15. Bhavnath Mahadev Fair
16. Vathua Fair

Haryana
1. Pinjore Heritage
2. Gugga Naami
3. Gangaur
4. Surajkund
5. Siliset Basoda Festival
6. International Gurjar Festival
7. Nirjala Ekadashi Festival
8. Hartalika
9. Kajri Teej
 UNESCO Sites
1. India has a total of 43 tangible heritage sites (35 cultural, 7
natural and 1 mixed) and 15 intangible cultural heritage sites
recognized by UNESCO.
2. Maharashtra is the state with the most UNESCO sites (6
UNESCO sites = 5 + 1 combined).
3. India has been a member country of UNESCO since 1946.
4. India acceded to the convention on 14 November 1977.
5. Most UNESCO sites - Italy (60), China (59)
6. City with most UNESCO sites - Cordoba (Spain)
7. India has 43 sites in the list, the latest being Moidam in Assam,
the mound-burial system of the Ahom dynasty.
8. Pink City - Jaipur
White City - Udaipur
Golden City - Jaisalmer
Blue City - Jodhpur
Site Facts
1. Agra Fort
o State : Uttar Pradesh
o Year : 1983
o Info : Akbar ke dwara nirmit, Jahangir Mahal and Khash
Mahal bhi hi isme.
2. Taj Mahal
o State : Uttar Pradesh
o Year : 1983
o Info : Shah Jahan dwara nirmit, Architect is Ustad Ahmad
Lahori.
3. Ajanta Caves
o State : Maharashtra
o Year : 1983
o Info : Total 29 Caves, Related with Buddha Religion,
Vakataka Vansh dwara nirmit, bank of river Waghora.
4. Ellora Caves
 o State : Maharashtra
o Year : 1983
o Info : Total 34 Caves
5. Konark Sun Temple (Black Pagoda)
o State : Odisha
o Year : 1984
o Info : Narsingh Dev Verman dwara nirmit, Example of
Kalinga architectural style.
6. Monuments of Mahabalipurm
o State : Tamil Nadu
o Year : 1984
o Info : Build by Pallava Kings, Pancha Rathas Temple
(Mahabharata)
7. Kajiranga National Park
o State : Assam
o Year : 1985
o Info : 1974 (National Park Declared), 2007 (Tiger Reserve),
famous for One Horne Rhinoceros.
8. Manas National Park
o State : Assam
o Year : 1985
o Info : It is the first reserve included in the network of tiger
reserves under Project Tiger in 1973
9. Keoladeo National Park
o State : Rajasthan
o Year : 1985
o Info : The former name of this national park was Bharatpur
Bird Sanctuary.
10. Group of Monuments of Hampi
o State : Karnataka
o Year : 1986
o Info : Hampi served as the last capital of the Vijayanagara
Empire.
11. Group of Monuments of Khajuraho
o State : Madhya Pradesh
 o Year : 1986
o Info : Hinduism and Jainism are the two religions to which
the temple is dedicated.
12. Fatehpur Sikri
o State : Uttar Pradesh
o Year : 1986
o Info : Here we find Panch Mahal and Anup Talab.
13. Churches and Convents of Goa
o State : Goa
o Year : 1986
14. Elephanta Caves
o State : Maharashtra
o Year : 1987
o Info : Dharapuri Caves is the local name of Elephanta
Caves. There are seven caves here.
15. Sundarbans National Park
o State : West Bengal
o Year : 1987
16. Group of Monuments of Pattadakal
o State : Karnataka
o Year : 1987
o Info : 9 Hindu Temple and 1 Jain Mandir (Virupaksh
Temple)
17. Chola Temple
o State : Tamil Nadu
o Year : 1987
o Info : Built by Rajendra Chola. It includes temples such as
the Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur, the
Brihadeeswarar Temple at Gangaikondacholiswaram and
the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram.
18. Nanda Devi National Park
o State : Uttarakhand
o Year : 1988
19. Buddhist Stupas of Sanchi
o State : Madhya Pradesh
 o Year : 1989
o Info : built by Ashoka, Printed on Rs.200 Note. Diwaro pe
Jatak Kathae ka varnan hai. Henry Tailor Discover it 1818.
20. Humayun’s Tomb
o State : Delhi
o Year : 1993
21. Qutub Minar and its monuments
o State : Delhi
o Year : 1993
22. Indian Mountain Railways
o Year : 1999
o Darjelling Himalayan Railway (West Bengal) 1999
o Nilgiri Himalayan Railway 2005
o Kalka Shimla Railway (Himachal Pradesh) 2008
23. Mahabodhi Temple
o State : Bihar (Bodh Gaya)
o Year : 2002
24. Caves of Bhimbetka
o State : Madhya Pradesh
o Year : 2003
o Info : Situated in Vindhyan Mountains, Founded by VS
Vakatkar in 1957
25. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminal
o State : Maharashtra
o Year : 2004
o Info : Architect by F.W.Stewens
26. Champaner Park (Pavagarh Archeology)
o State : Gujarat
o Year : 2004
27. Red Fort
o State : Delhi
o Year : 2007
o Info : Printed on Rs.500 Note, Salimgarh Fort is a part of
this complex.
28. Jantar Mantar
 o State : Rajasthan (Jaipur)
o Year : 2010
29. Western Ghats
o State : Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa, Karnataka
o Year : 2012
30. Hill Forts of Rajasthan
o State : Rajasthan
o Year : 2013
31. Great Himalayan National Park
o State : Himachal Pradesh
o Year : 2014
32. Rani ki Vav
o State : Gujarat
o Year : 2014
o Info : Situated on the bank of Saraswati River, Printed on
Rs.100 Note, It is built in Maru-Gurjara architectural style.
33. Nalanda University
o State : Bihar
o Year : 2016
34. Kanchenjunga National Park
o State : Sikkim
o Year : 2016
35. Lee Carvezzie Architecture
o State : Chandigarh
o Year 2016
36. Historical Cities of Ahmedabad
o State : Gujarat
o Year : 2017
o Info : UNESCO 1st Indian City, Ahmedabad is bank of
Sabarmati river
37. Victorians and Art of Mumbai Deco Ensemble
o State : Maharashtra
o Year : 2018
38. Pink City Jaipur
o State : Rajasthan
 o Year : 2019
o Info : Sawai Jai Singh II founded the city in 1727.
39. Ramappa Temple
o State : Telangana
o Year : 2021
o Info : Kakatiya Vansh dwara nirmit, devoted to lord shiva.
40. Dholavira
o State : Gujarat
o Year : 2021
o Info : Discovered in 1968 by archaeologist Jagat Pati Joshi,
Dholavira is named after a village in the Kutch district of
Gujarat
41. Santiniketan
o State : West Bengal
o Year : 2023
o Info : It was founded by Rabindranath Tagore. Located in
the Birbhum district of West Bengal, Shantiniketan,
meaning "abode of peace", began to develop in 1901 and it
was here that Rabindranath Tagore laid the foundation of
Visva-Bharati University.
42. Hoysala Temple
o State : Karnataka
o Year : 2023
43. Moidam
o State : Assam
o Year : 2024

National Parks
1. Wildlife protection Act 1972
2. There is total 106 National Parks in India right now.
3. Total 106 National Parks covers 1.33% of entire land of India,
and covering an area of 40,500 sq.km.
4. Largest National Park : Hemis National Park (Ladakh)
5. Smallest National Park : South Button National Parks
(Andaman & Nicobar Island)
6. Silent Valley in Kerala and Neora Valley in West Bengal.
States National Parks
Andaman & Nicobar Island (a) Galathea National Parks
(b) Mahatma Gandhi Marine
(Vandur) National Park
(c) Campbell Bay National
Park
(d) Mount Harriet National
Park
(e) Rani Jhansi National Park
(f) Saddle Peak National Park
(g) North Button National
Park
(h) Middle Button National
Park
(i) South Button National
Park
Andhra Pradesh (a) Papikonda National Park
(b) Sri Venkateshwara
National Park
(c) Rajiv Gandhi National
Park
Arunachal Pradesh (a) Mouling National Park
(b) Namdapha National Park
Assam (a) Nameri National Park
(b) Manas National Park
(c) Dibru-Saikhowa National
Park
 (d) Kaziranga National Park
(famous for ONE Horn
Rhinoceros)
(e) Orang National Park
(f) Raimora National Park
(g) Dehing Patkari National
Park
Bihari (a) Valmiki National Park
Chhattisgarh (a) Indravati National Park
(b) Kanger Valley National
Park
(c) Guru Ghasi Das (Sanjay)
National Park
Goa (a) Molem National Park
(Bhagwan Mahavir
National Park)
Gujarat (a) Gir Forest National Park
(famous for Lion)
(b) Blackbuck National Park
(c) Vansda National Park
(d) Marine National Park
(e) Gulf of Kutch National
Park (famous for Wild
Ass)
Haryana (a) Sultanpur National Park
(b) Kalesar National Park
Himachal Pradesh (a) Pin Valley National Park
(b) Simbalbara National Park
(c) Inderkila National Park
(d) Khirganga National Park
(e) Great Himalayan National
Park
Jammu & Kashmir (a) Dachigam National Park
(b) Salim Ali National Park
 (c) Kishtwar National Park
Jharkhand (a) Betla National Park
Karnataka (a) Bandipur National Park
(b) Anshi National Park
(c) Bannerghatta National
Park
(d) Kudermukh National Park
(e) Nagarhole (Rajiv Gandhi)
National Park
Kerala (a) Eravikulam National Park
(b) Mathikettan Shola
National Park
(c) Periyar National Park
(famous for Elephant)
(d) Silent Valley National
Park
(e) Anamudi Shola National
Park
(f) Pambadum Shola National
Park
West Bengal (a) Buxa National Park
(b) Naora Valley National
Park
(c) Gorumara National Park
(a) Sunderbans National Park
(famous for Royal Bengal
Tiger)
(b) Singalila National Park
(c) Jaldapara National Park
Madhya Pradesh (a) Kanha National Park
(b) Satpura National Park
(c) Panna National Park
(d) Bandhavgarh National
Park
(e) Sanjay National Park
 (f) Van Vihar National Park
(g) Pench National Park
(h) Madhav National Park
(i) Omkareshwar National
Park
(j) Fossil National Park
(k) Dinosaur Fossil National
Park
(l) Kuno-Palpur National
Park (Cheetahs were
brough from Namibia)
Maharashtra (a) Navegaon National Park
(b) Borivilli National Park
(c) Chandoli National Park
(d) Gugamal National Park
(e) Tadoba National Park
Manipur (a) Sirohi National Park
(b) Keibul Lamjao National
Park
Meghalaya (a) Nokrek National Park
(b) Balphakram National Park
Mizoram (a) Murlen National Park
(b) Fangpui Blue Mountain
National Park
Nagaland (a) Intaggi National Park
Odisha (a) Simlipal National Park
(b) Bhitarkanika National
Park
(c) Nandakanan National Park
Telangana (a) Mahaveer Harina
Vanasthali National Park
(b) Kasu Bharmananda Reddy
National Park
(c) Mrugwani National Park
Tripura (a) Clouded Leopard National
Park
(b) Bison (Rajbari) National
Park
Uttar Pradesh (a) Dudwa National Park
Uttarakhand (a) Jim Corbet National Park
(1st National Park and Old
Name is Halley : 1936)
(b) Gangotri National Park
(c) Govind Pashu Vihar
(d) Rajaji National Park
(e) Valley of Flowers National
Park
(f) Nanda Devi National Park
Punjab (a) Harike Wetland
Rajasthan (a) Sariska National Park
(b) Ranthambore National
Park
(c) Mukundra Hills National
Park
(d) Keoladeo Ghana National
Park
(e) Desert National Park
(f) Mount Abu Wildlife
Sanctuary
Sikkim (a) Kanchenjunga National
Park
Tamil Nadu (a) Mudumali National Park
(b) Mukurthi National Park
(c) Indira Gandhi National
Park
(d) Guindy National Park
(e) Gulf of Mannar Marine
National Park
(f) Palani Hills National Park
Ladakh (a) Hemis National Park

Tiger Reserve
1. Tiger Reserve were establish in India in 1973 by National Tiger
Conservation Act 1972 by Indira Gandhi.
2. India is home of 75% of the world tigers.
3. Project Tiger Started on 1 April 1973.
4. 1st Tiger Reserve is Jim Corbet National Park.
5. The tiger census is done every 4 years.
6. Madhya Pradesh has the maximum number of tigers in the
country (785), followed by Karnataka (563), Uttarakhand
(560), and Maharashtra (444).
7. Tiger Range Country - Where tigers roam freely
8. Total number of countries in Tiger range = 13
9. Every year, Global Tiger Day is observed on 29 July
10. Theme of 2024 - Raise awareness about the importance of
tigers and the threats they face.
11. Tiger Man of India – Kailash Sankhla
States Tiger Reserves
Andhra Pradesh (a) Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam
(India's largest Tiger
Reserve)
Arunachal Pradesh (a) Namdpha (the tallest in the
world)
(b) Kamlang Tiger Reserve
(c) Pakke Tiger Reserve
Assam (a) Manas
(b) Nameri
(c) Orang Tiger Reserve
(d) Kaziranga
Bihar (a) Valmiki
Chhattisgarh (a) Udanti-Sitanadi
(b) Achankamar
(c) Idravati
Jharkhand (a) Palamu
Karnataka (a) Bandipur
(b) Bhadra
(c) Dandeli-Anshi
(d) Nagarhole
(e) Biligiri Ranganatha
Temple
Kerala (a) Periyar (It has Sabarimala
temple pilgrimage area.)
(b) Parambikulam
Maharashtra (a) Melghat
(b) Tadoba-Andheri
(c) Sahyadri
(d) Navegaon-Nagjira
(e) Bor (Smallest Tiger
Reserve)
Madhya Pradesh (a) Kanha
(b) Pench
(c) Bandhavgarh
(d) Panna
(e) Satpura
(f) Sanjay-Dubri
(g) Madhav Tiger Reserve
(58th Latest)
Mizoram (a) Dampha
Odisha (a) Simlipal
(b) Satkosia
Rajasthan (a) Ranthambore
(b) Sariska
(c) Mukundra Hills
(a) Ramgarh Vishdhari
Wildlife Sanctuary
Tamil Nadu (a) Kalakad-Mundanthurai
(b) Annamalai
(c) Mudumalai
(d) Sathyamangalam
(e) Srivilliputhur Megamalai
Telangana (a) Kaval
(b) Amarabad
Uttar Pradesh (a) Dudhwa
(b) Pilibhit
(c) Amangarh (Buffer of
Corbett Tiger Reserve)
(d) Ranipur Tiger Reserve
Uttarakhand (a) Corbett (Ramganga)
(b) Rajaji Tiger Reserve
West Bengal (a) Sundarbans
(b) Buxa

Biosphere Reserve
1. Biosphere Reserve Divided in three area (a) Core Section (b)
Buffer Section (c) Transition Section
2. Total 18 Biosphere Reserve in India.
3. First Biosphere Reserve (1986) = Nilgiris
4. Largest Biosphere Reserve = Kutch Biosphere Reserve
5. Smallest Biosphere Reserve = Dibrugarh – Saikhowa (Assam)
6. First marine biosphere reserve = Mannar Biosphere Reserve
(Tamil Nadu)
State Biosphere Reserve Year
Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 1986
Kerala,
Karnataka
Uttarakand Nanda Devi National Park and 1988
Biosphere Reserve
Tamil Nadu Bay of Mannar Biosphere Reserve 1989
Megalaya Nokrek Biosphere Reserve 1988
West Bengal Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve 1989
Assam Manas Biosphere Reserve 1989
Odisha Simlipal Biosphere Reserve 1994
Arunachal Dihang-Dibhang Biosphere Reserve 1998
Pradesh
Madhya Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve 1999
Pradesh
Madhya Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere 2005
Pradesh, Reserve
Chhattisgarhi
Gujarat Rann of Kutch Biosphere Reserve 2008
Himachal Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve 2009
Pradesh
Sikkim Kunchenjunga Biosphere Reserve 2000
Kerala, Tamil Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve 2001
Nadu
Andaman and Greater Nicobar Biosphere Reserve 1989
Nicobar Island
Assam Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve 1997
Andhra Seshachalam Hills Biosphere Reserve 2010
Pradesh
Madhya Panna Biosphere Reserve 2011
Pradesh

Wildlife Sanctuaries
1. Most of the states WLS - Maharashtra (49)
2. Minimum WLS in states - Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya (4)
3. Highest number of WLS in Union Territory - Andaman and
Nicobar (94)
4. Minimum WLS in UT - Delhi, Daman & Islands, Dadra &
Nagar Haveli, Lakshadweep, Puducherry (1)
5. Largest WLS – Rann of Kutch (Gujarat) – famous for wild
asses
6. Smallest WLS - Bor (Maharashtra)
 Awards
 Nobel Prize
1. Declaration = in 1900
2. Beginning = 1901 AD
3. Establishment of Nobel Foundation = 29 June 1900
4. Alfred Nobel discovered dynamite in 1867 AD.
5. Initially it was given in 5 areas- Literature, Peace, Physics,
Chemistry, Medicine
6. In 1967 it was announced that the Nobel Prizes would now
be awarded for economics.
7. First given in 1969 in the field of economics.
8. The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in the Norwegian
capital Oslo. It was organized by the Norwegian Nobel
(Committee Norwegian Parliament Storting).
9. In 1974, a rule came that the Nobel Prize would not be
awarded posthumously.
10. So far only two deceased persons have been given this
award.
i. Ere Excel (1931)
ii. Dang Hemmersold (1961)
11. Most number of Nobel Prizes = Red Cross 1917, 1944,
1963.
12. Red Cross Founder = Henry Dunant (He got the Nobel
Prize in 1901)
13. Founder of the French Peace Society = Frederic Paci (He
also got the Nobel Prize in 1901)
14. Youngest man to receive Nobel Prize = Larence Brang (25
Year old).
15. Youngest woman to get Nobel = Malala Yousafzai (17
Year old) in 2014.
16. Malala Yousafzai’s Book is We Are Displaced, I am
Malala.
17. Oldest Nobel laureate = Goodenough (97 Year Old)
18. There are 4 people who have received the Nobel Prize
twice.
i. Madame Curie for Radioactivity (Physics)
1903 and for Yam Extraction (Chemistry)
1911.
ii. John Bardeen for Discovery of Transistor
(Physics) 1956 and for Superconductivity
(Physics) 1972.
iii. Linus Pauling for Nuclear Testing (Chemistry)
1954 and for Peace in 1962.
iv. Frederick Sanger, 1958,1980 (both times for
chemicals) for insulin
19. Indian’s who get Nobel Prize are
i. Rabindranath Tagore : In 1913 for his book
Gitanjali in the field of literature.
ii. CV. Raman : He received the Nobel Prize in
1930 for the Raman Effect (Physics), Science
Day is celebrated on 28 February in their
memory.
iii. Dr. Hargovind Khurana : He received the
Nobel Prize (in the field of medicine) in 1968
for the synthesis of artificial organisms.
iv. Mother Teresa : She received the Nobel Peace
Prize in Social Work in 1979. She was a
resident of Albania. She obtained the
citizenship of India in 1948.
v. Subramaniam Chandrasekhar : He received the
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983.
vi. Amartya Sen : He received the Nobel Prize for
Welfare Economics in 1998.
vii. V.S. Naipaul : He received the Nobel for
Literature in 2001.
viii. Venkataraman Ramakrishna : He received the
Nobel for Chemistry in 2009.
 ix. Kailash Satyarthi : He received the Nobel
Peace Prize in 2014, Join the Save Childhood
Movement.
x. Abhijit Banerjee : Nobel for economics in 2019
20. Nobel Prize 2024 List:
 Physics: John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton —
for foundational discoveries that enable machine
learning with artificial neural networks.
 Chemistry: David Baker — for computational protein
design. Demis Hassabis and John Jumper — for protein
structure prediction using AI.
 Medicine: Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun — for the
discovery of microRNA and its role in gene regulation.
 Literature: Han Kang — for her intense poetic prose
that confronts historical traumas and explores the
fragility of human life.
 Peace: Nihon Hidankyo (a Japanese organization of
atomic bomb survivors) — for its efforts to eliminate
nuclear weapons and share witness testimony.
 Economic Sciences: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson,
and James A. Robinson — for studies on how
institutions are formed and how they affect national
prosperity

 Bharat Ratna
1. India's highest civilian hono
2. Established 2 January 1954
3. Bharat Ratna is given on 26 January by the President of
India on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
4. The Bharat Ratna Award was discontinued by the Janata
Party in 1977. But in 1980, the Congress government
started it again.
5. 1954 : Sarvpalli Radhakrishnan, C Rajagopalachari, CV
Raman (First Scientist)
6. 1955 : Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru (First Prime Minister)
7. 1957 : Govind Ballabh Pant (First CM of U.P.)
 8. 1962 : Rajendra Prasad (First President of India)
9. 1966 : Lal Bahadur Shastri (first posthumously)
10. 1971 : Indira Gandhi (the first woman)
11. 1980 : Mother Teresa
12. 1987 : Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (first foreigner)
13. 1990 : B.R Ambedkar, Nelson Mandela (Second foreigner)
14. 1991 : Rajiv Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
15. 1997 : A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
16. 1998 : M.S. Subbulakshmi (1st singer)
17. 2001 : Lata Mangeshkar
18. 2008 : Bhim Sen Joshi
19. 2014 : Sachin Tendulkar (Youngest person (40) and first
sportsperson to get Bharat Ratna), C.N. Rao
20. 2015 : Madan Mohan Malviya, Atal Bihari Vajpayee
21. 2019 : Pranab Mukherjee (13th President), Bhupen
Hazarika (Assam) Lyricist, Nana Ji Deshmukh
22. 2024 : Karpuri Thakur, Lal Krishna Advani, M.S.
Swaminathan, PV. Narsimha Rao, Chaudhary Charan
Singh

 Padma Vibhushan 2025 Given to 7 Persons

Name Field State/Country
Shri Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy Medicine Telangana
Justice (Retd.) Shri Jagdish Singh Public Chandigarh
Khehar Affairs
Smt. Kumudini Rajnikant Lakhia Art Gujarat
Shri LakshminarayanaSubramaniam Art Karnataka
Shri M. T. Vasudevan Literature Kerala
Nair (Posthumous) and
Education
Shri Osamu Suzuki (Posthumous) Trade and Japan
Industry
Smt. Sharda Sinha (Posthumous) Art Bihar
 Paramvir Chakra
o It is the highest Award given in gallantry.
o Param Vir Chakra > Mahavir Chakra > Vir Chakra
o Established in 26 January 1950
o It was first given to Major Somnath Sharma (Posthumously),
Karamveer Singh (Alive).
o Kargil War : Capt. Vikram Batra, Lt. Manoj Kumar Pandey,
Rifleman Sanjay Kumar, Grenadier Yogendra Yadav

 Mahavir Chakra
o First given to Brigadier Rajendra Singh.

**Note : Param Vir Chakra, Mahavir Chakra, Vir Chakra,

Vishist Seva Medal, all these awards are given for
performance during war.

 Ashok Chakra
o First Person to get Ashok Chakra – Nagbahadur Thapa, Bachitar
Singh, Suhas Biswas
o First Women to get Ashok Chakra – Neerja Bhanot.
o Old Name of Ashok Chakra was Ashok Chakra-1 and it changed
to Ashok Chakra in 1967.
o First Largest Award during Peacetime.

 Kirti Chakra
o Old Name was Ashok Chakra-2.
o Second Largest Award during Peacetime.

 Shaurya Chakra
o Old Name was Ashok Chakra-3.
o Third Largest Award during Peacetime.

 🏆 Jnanpith Award
 o Established: 1961
o It is given in the field of literature.
o First award was given in 1965.
o First Recipient (1965): Dr. G. Sankara Kurup (Malayalam
Language) for Odakkuzhal
o First Jnanpith for Hindi (1968): Sumitranandan Pant (for
Chidambara)
o First Woman Recipient (1976): Ashapoorna Devi (Bangla
Language), Work: Protham Pratishruti (The First Promise)
o First Lady (For Hindi) – 1982: Mahadevi Verma, Work:
Yama
o Jnanpith is awarded for 22 languages listed in the 8th Schedule
of the Indian Constitution.
o 2018 English Winner: Book: The Shadow Lines(Amitav
Ghosh)
o 58th Jnanpith Award (2023): Gulzar (Urdu Peot) &
Rambhadracharya (Sanskrit Scholar)
o 59th Jnanpith Award (2023): Vinod Kumar Shukla (Hindi
Writer)

 🏆 Saraswati Samman Award

o Established: 1991
o It is given in the field of literature.
o First award was given in 1991 to Harivansh Rai Bachchan (for
Madhubala, Madhushala, Madhukala)
o 33rd Saraswati Samman (2023) – Prabha Varma (Malayalam
Poet) for Roudra Sathwikam Novel.
o 34th Saraswati Samman (2024) – Bhadresdas Swami (Sankrit)
for Swaminarayana Siddhanta Sudha.

 🏆 Sahitya Academy Award

 Established: 1954
 It is given in the field of literature. It is the second highest
literary honor after Jnanpith Award.
  It is given 24 Languages (22 + 2 English, Rajasthani)
 First award was given in 1955 to Makhanlal Chaturvedi for
Himtarangini.
 2025
o In Hindi : Parvati Tirkey (for Phir Ugna Peotry)
o In English : Advait Kottary (for Siddhartha: The Boy Who
Became the Buddha Novel)
o In Urdu : Neha Rubab (Mazharul Haque: Hind ka
Raramosh Kardah Qaaed Novel)
o In Rajesthani : Poonam Chand Godara (Antas re aanganai
poetry)

 🏆 Kabir Award
 By UP Government in the field of social harmony.
 Bihari Award
 By Rajasthan Government for creation of Hindi Language.
 Tansen Award
 By MP Government in the field of Music.
 Bharat Bharti Award
 By UP Government in the field of literature.
 Kalaimamani Award
 By Tamil Nadu Government
 Bhatnagar Award
 Started in 1957, given in the field of science.
 Dhanvantari Award
 Started in 1973, given in the field of Medicine.
 INS Navy Ship
🚢 Aircraft Carriers
 INS Vikramaditya – Modified Kiev-class, commissioned in
2013
 INS Vikrant – India’s first indigenous carrier, commissioned in
2022

⚔️ Destroyers
 Visakhapatnam-class: INS Visakhapatnam, Mormugao, Imphal,
Surat
 Kolkata-class: INS Kolkata, Kochi, Chennai
 Delhi-class: INS Delhi, Mysore, Mumbai
 Rajput-class: INS Rana, Ranvir, Ranvijay

🛡️ Frigates
 Shivalik-class: INS Shivalik, Satpura, Sahyadri
 Talwar-class: INS Talwar, Trishul, Tabar, Teg, Tarkash,
Trikand
 Brahmaputra-class: INS Brahmaputra, Betwa, Beas
 Nilgiri-class (Project 17A): INS Nilgiri and others
commissioned from 20252

🌀 Corvettes
 Kamorta-class: INS Kamorta, Kadmatt, Kiltan, Kavaratti
 Kora-class: INS Kora, Kirch, Kulish, Karmuk
 Khukri-class, Veer-class, and Abhay-class also serve in coastal
roles2

🐋 Submarines
 Nuclear-powered: INS Arihant, Arighat
  Diesel-electric (Kalvari-class): INS Kalvari, Khanderi, Karanj,
Vela, Vagir, Vagsheer
 Akula-class (leased): INS Chakra

🛥️ Patrol Vessels
 Saryu-class: INS Saryu, Sumitra
 Sukanya-class: INS Sukanya, Subhadra, Suvarna, etc.
 Car Nicobar-class, Bangaram-class, Trinkat-class for coastal
security

🌊 Amphibious Warfare Ships

 INS Jalashwa – Amphibious transport dock
 Tank Landing Ships: INS Gharial, Kesari, Shardul, Airavat
 Landing Craft Utility (LCU Mk IV): INS LCU 51–582

Neighboring
Pakisktan
o Capital – Islamabad
o Currency – Pakistani Rupee
o National Game – Field Hockey
o Independence Day – 14 August 1947
o Parliament – National Assembly ( Mailis-e-shura)
o National Anthem – Qaumi Tarana (“Qaumi Tarana” was written
by Hafeez Jullundhri)
o National Bird – Chakor
 o National Animal – Markhan
o Longest River – Indus
o Highest Peak – Tirachmir
Bangladesh
o Capital – Dhaka
o Currency – Taka
o National Game – Kabaddi
o Independence Day – 26 March 1971
o Parliament – Jatiya Sansad
o National Anthem – Omar Sonar Bangla
o National Bird – Magpie Robin Doel
o National Animal – Bengal Tiger
o Longest River – Meghna
o Highest Peak – Kokardoga
o Border Length with India – 4096.7 km
Nepal
o Capital – Kathmandu
o Currency – Nepali Rupee
o National Game – Volleyball
o Parliament – National Panchayat
o National Anthem – Sayaun Thunga Phulka
o National Bird – Western Tragopan
o National Animal – Cow
o Longest River – Karnali
o Highest Peak – Mount Everest (Sagarmatha)
Afghanistan
o Capital – Kabul
o Currency – Afghani
o National Game – Bujkashi
o Independence Day – 19 August 1919
o Parliament – Shura
o National Anthem – Afghan National Anthem
o National Bird – Golden Garuda
o National Animal – Snow Leopard
 o Longest River – Helmand
o Highest Peak – Noshak
o Border Length with India – 106 km
China
o Capital – Beijing
o Currency – Renminbi
o National Game – Table Tennis
o Independence Day – 1 October 1949
o Parliament – National People of Congress
o National Bird – Red-Crowned Crane
o National Animal – Giant Panda, Chinese Dragon
o Longest River – Yangtze River (Asia’s Longest)
o Highest Peak - Chomolungma
Bhutan
o Capital – Thimpu
o Currency – Ngultrum
o National Game – Archery
o Independence Day – 17 December 1907
o Parliament – Tsogdu
o National Bird – Raven (Crow)
o National Animal – Takin
o Longest River – Manas
o Highest Mountain – Gangkhar Punsum
Sri Lanka
o Capital – Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (administrative capital),
Colombo (commercial capital & Largest City)
o Currency – Srilankai Rupee
o National Game – Volleyball
o Independence Day – 4 February 1948
o Parliament – Parliamenthuva
o National Bird – Wild Fowl
o National Animal – Elephant
o Longest River – Mahavali River
o Highest Peak - Pidurtalgala
Myanmar
o Capital – Naypyidaw
o Currency – Kyat
o National Game – Chinlone
o Independence Day – 4 January 1948
o Parliament – Pithu Hutav
o National Game – Gaba Me Che
o National Bird – Burmese Peacock
o National Animal – Tiger
o Longest River – Irrawaddy River (often called the lifeline of
Myanmar)
o Highest Peak – Khakobi
Festivals Celebrated in Neighbouring Countries

 Bhutan
o Paro Tsechu
o Thangbi Mani Festival
 Sri Lanka
o Esala Perahera (correct name instead of Navam Perahera
as it's more prominent)
 Myanmar
o Kachin Manaw
o Thadingyut Festival
o Thingyan (Water Festival)
 Nepal
o Dashain
o Fagu Purnima (Holi)
 China
o Spring Festival (Chinese New Year)
o Lantern Festival
 Japan
o Gion Matsuri
o Omizutori (Sacred Water Drawing Festival)
o Tanabata (Star Festival) – instead of "Poton-Dan Chitra
Utsav" which is unclear
India Sharing its boundary with:
Neighboring Country Border Length
Bangladesh 4,096.7
China 3,488
Pakistan 3,323
Nepal 1,751
Myanmar 1,643
Bhutan 699
Afghanistan 106
 Major Branch of Biology
1. Study of Algae - Phycology
2. Study of Fungus - Mycology
3. Study of Muscle - Myology
4. Study of Bones - Osteology
5. Study of Eyes - Ophthalmology
6. Study of Hairs - Trichology
7. Study of Nails - Onychiology
8. Study of Teeth - Odontology
9. Study of Heart - Cardiology
10. Study of Brain - Neurology
11. Study of Kidney - Nephrology
12. Study of Skin - Dermatology
13. Study of the ears - Otology
14. Study of Female Reproductive Organs - Gynecology
15. Study of Seeds - Spermology
16. Study of Bacteria - Bacteriology
17. Study of Virus - Virology
18. Study of Pollens - Polynology
19. Study of Inheritance - Genetics
20. Study of Cells - Cytology
21. Farming of Grapes - Viticulture
22. Cultivation of Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers - Horticulture
23. Study of inscriptions - Ephygraphy
24. Study of Fruits - Pomology
25. Study of Flowers - Floriculture
26. Study of Birds - Ornithology
27. Silk Farming - Sericulture
28. Study of animal behavior - Etiology
29. Study of Blood - Hematology
30. Study of Skull - Craniology
31. Study of the shape and external structure of an organism -
Morphology
32. Study of Man - Anthropology
 33. Study of Fertilization, development, division and variations -
Embryology
34. Study of Plants disease - Phytopathology
35. Study of effect of soil on living things - Edaphology
36. Study of physiology and specific disease of men - Andrology
37. Study of liver treatment - Hepatology
38. Study of classification - Taxonomy
39. Study of poisons - Toxicology
40. Study of Plants - phytology / botany
41. Study of animals and their environments - Ecology
42. Study of the possibilities of life beyond the earth - Exobiology
43. Written documents depicting human culture - Ethnography
44. Study of Lizards - Saurology
45. Study of monkey, orangutan, ape behavior - Primatology
46. Study of spiders - Arachnology
47. Study of tissues - Histology
48. Fish farming - Pisiculture
49. Study of fish - Ichthology
50. Study of Beekeeping - Apicutlure
51. Study of Grass - Agrostology
52. Study of Circulatory System - Angiology
53. Study of Immune System - Immunology

Chemistry Facts
1. Hardness of water because of Ca and Mg element present in
water, Hardness of water remove by Washing Soda
(Na2Co3.10H2O).
2. Washing Soda use in paper and wood industry.
3. Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) Heated POP (CaSO4.1/2 H2O)
4. Vinegar me Acetic ki matra 5-8% hota hai.
5. Alloy is a Homogeneous Mixture (Solid-Solid).
6. Brass is Cu + Zn.
7. Bronze is Cu + Sn (Tin)
8. German Silver Cu + Zn + Ni
9. Rolled Gold Cu+Al
10. Gun Metal Cu + Zn + Sn + Pb
11. Solder Wire (Pb + Sn)
12. Bell Metal (Cu + Sn)
13. Stainless Steel (Fe + Cr + Ni + C)
14. Alloy of Mercury called Amalgum.
15. Iron Rusting ko hi Hydrated Ferric Oxide kehte hai.
16. Anodizing is a Electrochemical process jiske ke hum element pe
Metal oxide ki layering karte hai. In aluminum.
17. Decomposition reactions are generally endothermic
18. Combination reactions are generally exothermic

Polity Facts
NTPC exam Polity Keywords
 Lok Adalat
 Lok Adalat को Statutory Status तिया गया है by Legal Services
Authorities Act, 1987.
 इसका फै सला Civil Court के बराबर माना गया है और तिसके तिलाफ अपील नहीं हो
सकिी — वो अतं िम और binding होिा है।
 1st Lok Adalat – Una (Gujarat) in 14th March 1982.
 3 Member Composition :
1. A presiding judicial officer (a sitting or retired judge).
2. A member from the legal profession (a lawyer).
3. A social worker.
  Lok Adalat - Fayde kya hain?
Court fee nahi lagti
Jaldi faisla hota hai (kabhi ek din mein)
Formal procedure ka jhanjhat nahi
Appeal nahi hoti — toh final resolution milta hai
Poor aur rural logon ke liye accessible justice
 Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) - A Chief Judicial
Magistrate is the senior-most judicial officer in the criminal
court hierarchy at the district level (excluding metropolitan
areas). Appointed under Section 12 of the Criminal
Procedure Code (CrPC), 1973 by the High Court.
 Can try criminal cases punishable with imprisonment up to 7
years.
 Cannot award life imprisonment or death penalty.

 Fundamental Rights
 The right to property has been removed
 Initially in Article 31 & Article 19(1)(f)
 Remove by PM-MorarJi Desai
 44th Constitutional Amendment Act. 1978.
 Now Legal Right – 300A in part 12.
 Equality Before Law is taken from British Constitution.
 Equal Protection of Law is taken from American
Constitution.
 Equality Before Law No person is above the law —
everyone is equally subject to the law, regardless of status or
position. This is a negative concept that prevents special
privileges.
 Equal Protection of Laws People in similar circumstances
must be treated equally by the law. This is a positive concept
that requires the State to ensure fairness and prevent
discrimination.
 Together, these two principles form the foundation of Article
14, promoting justice and fairness in India’s legal system.
  Article 16(4) related Cases : Balaji V/S State of Mysore,
Devdasan V/S Union of India Case, Indira Sawhney Case
(1993) also known as Mandal Commission.
 Procedure established by Law is taken from Japan
Constitution.
 Under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution — which
guarantees the Right to Life and Personal Liberty — the
right to travel abroad has been recognized by the Supreme
Court as a fundamental right.
 Article 21A: provide free and compulsory education to all
children at the age of 6 to 14 years. By 86th CA, 2002.
 Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain
cases.
 Punitive Arrest : Crime has done (24 Hour present in
District magistrate)
 Preventive Arrent : On Suspect (3 Months tak rakh
sakte hai bina present kiye hue)
 Writs under Article 32 is taken from UK Constitution.
 Habeas Corpus : to have the body of
 Mandamus : We command
 Prohibition : To forbid
 Certiorari : to be certified or to be informed
 Quo Warranto : by what authority or warrant
 Article 33 : Parliament restrict the fundamental rights of
armed personals
 Article 34 : restriction on fundamental rights while Martial
Law is in force
 Article 35 : Power to make laws to give effect to fundamental
rights (vested only on Parliament)
 Rights available only to Citizen of India: 15, 16, 19, 29, 30
 Rights not for foreigners : 15, 16, 19, 29, 30
 Article 21A was added to the Indian Constitution by the 86th
Amendment Act, 2002.
Clause Provision
15(1) State shall not discriminate on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of
birth.
15(2) No citizen shall face restrictions in access to shops, public places, or utilities
based on the above grounds.
15(3) State can make special provisions for women and children.
15(4) State can make special provisions for socially and educationally backward
classes, SCs and STs. (Added by 1st Amendment, 1951)
15(5) State can provide reservation in educational institutions (including private
ones, except minority institutions) for SEBCs, SCs, and STs. (Added by 93rd
Amendment, 2005)
15(6) State can make special provisions for economically weaker sections (EWS),
including up to 10% reservation in educational institutions. (Added by 103rd
Amendment, 2019)

Clause Provision Summary

16(1) Equal opportunity for all citizens in matters of public employment under the
State.
16(2) No discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, or
residence.
16(3) Parliament may prescribe residence requirements for certain posts in a state or
union territory.
16(4) State can make reservations for backward classes not adequately represented in
public services.
16(4A) Reservation in promotion for SC/STs is permitted. (Added by 77th Amendment,
1995)
16(4B) Unfilled reserved vacancies can be treated as a separate class and carried forward.
(81st Amendment, 2000)
16(5) Religious institutions may require specific religious affiliation for certain
positions.
16(6) Up to 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) allowed.
(103rd Amendment, 2019)
 The First Backward Classes Commission, also known as the
Kalelkar Commission
 The Second Backward Classes Commission known as
Mandal Commission recommended 27% reservation for
OBCs.
Clause Freedom Guaranteed Trick
19(1)(a) Freedom of speech and expression S
19(1)(b) Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms A
19(1)(c) Freedom to form associations or unions or co-operative societies A
(co-operative societies Added by 97th Amendment, 2011)
19(1)(d) Freedom to move freely throughout India M
19(1)(e) Freedom to reside and settle anywhere in India R
19(1)(g) Freedom to practice any profession or carry on any occupation, O
trade or business
Clause Provision Meaning
20(1) Protection against ex- You can't be punished for an act that wasn’t a crime
post-facto laws when you did it, and punishment can’t be increased
retroactively.
20(2) Protection against No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the
double jeopardy same offence more than once.
20(3) Protection against self- No accused shall be forced to testify against
incrimination themselves in a criminal case.

 Constitution Assembly
 8 major and 13 Minor Committee
 Temporary president: Sachhidanand Sinha
 Permanent president: Dr. Rajendra Prasad
 Vice Presdient : HC Mokarjee, VT Krisnamchari
 Important session in Constitution Assembly
 1st Session : 9-23 December 1946
 10th Session : 6-17 October 1949
 11th Session : 14-26 November 1949
 Draft dates:
 1st Draft: 21 Feb 1948
 Final Draft : 4 November 1948
 Reading
 1st Reading: 4 Nov 1948 to 9 Nov 1948
 2nd Reading: 15 Nov 1948 to 17 Oct 1949
 3rd Reading: Complete on 26 Nov 1949
 BR Ambedkar is from Bengal Constituency
 Constitution Decorated by : Nand Lal Bose and Beohar
Rammanohar Sinha
 Constitution is written by : Prem Bihari Narain Raizada in
English, Vasant Kumar Vidya in Hindi
 Legal Advisor : BN Rao
 Chief Draftsman : SN Mukherjee
 Secretary : HVR Ayangar
 National Flag Adopted : 22 July 1947
  Common Wealth Membership : May 1949
 Jan Gan Man adopted 24 Jan 1950
 Vande Mantram adopted 24 Jan 1950
 284 people sign (15 female) in 24 Jan 1950
 KC Where : Quasi Federal
 Granville Austin: Cooperative Federalism
 Ivor Jenning : Federation with a Unitary bias
 Ireland : DPSP, Nomination of Member in Rajya Sabha
 Schedule 6 : Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, Mizoram (**Trick
to learn ATM Me Mani yani Manipur nahi hai)
 Union List (97-100)
 State List (66-61)
 Concurrent List (47-50)
 21st CA (1967): Sindhi added
 71st CA (1992): Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali
 92nd CA (2003): Bodo, Dongri, Santhali, Maithili (*Trick :
BDSM)
 10 Schedule : added by 52nd CA- 1985 Anti Defection Law
 Preamble
 ID Card of the Constitution by NA Palkhivala
 Horoscope of the Constitution by KM Munshi
 Keynote of the Constitution by Ernst Barker

 Articles
Heading / Subject
Article 1 Name and territory of the Union
Article 2 Admission or establishment of new States
Article 3 Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of
existing States
Article 4 Laws made under Article 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and
the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters

 App koi bhi foreign area ko Article 2 (special majority) ka use kar
ke le to sakte hai lekin agar Bharat ka koi part foreign country ko
 dena hai to wo sirf Constitution me Amendement kar ke hi kiyea
jaa sakta hai yahi yeha Special Majority se pass hoga Bill.
 The Berubari Union case was decided in 1960.
 The 100th Amendment of the Indian Constitution, enacted in
2015, primarily focused on the land boundary agreement between
India and Bangladesh
 SK Dhar Commission 1948, Linguistic basis model reject.
 JVP Committee 1948, Linguistic basis model reject.
 Fazal Ali Commission – Dec 1953, Members are Fazal Ali, KM
Panikar, HN Kunzru; Accepted the linguistic basis of formation of
state but rejected the theory of “One Language one state”.
 By recommendation of Fazal Ali Commission, State
Reorganisation Act 1956 pass. This act create 14 States & 6 Union
Territories.
 Trick to learn formation of states : AaM GuNa HaHi MeMa TusSi
Gao Aur Moz lo.
New State Year of Formation
Andhra Pradesh 1953 full fled state in 1956
Maharashtra 1960
Gujarat 1960
Nagaland 1963
Haryana 1966
Himachal Pradesh 1971
Meghalaya 1972
Manipur 1972
Tripura 1972
Sikkim 1975
Mizoram 1987
Arunachal Pradesh 1987
Goa 1987
Chhattisgarh 2000
Uttarakhand 2000
Jharkhand 2000
Telangana 2014
 Sikkim got Associate Statehood from 35th CA 1974.
 Sikkim got Complete Statehood from 36th CA 1975.
 Goa got Statehood from 56th CA 1987.
 Citizenship Act, 1955:
Mode of Acquisition Description
Jus soli (by birth) Born in India
By Descent Born outside India but parent(s) are Indian citizens
By Registration Person of Indian origin, residing in India for 7 years
By Naturalisation Not of Indian origin, residing in India for 12 years
By Incorporation of Territory When a new territory becomes part of India

Mode of Loss Description

By Renunciation Voluntarily giving up citizenship
By Termination Acquiring foreign citizenship without informing Indian authorities
By Deprivation Forced loss due to: - Fraudulent documents - Disloyalty - Helping
enemy nation during war

 Amendments to the Citizenship Act, 1955

Year Amendment Name / No. Key Features / Summary
1957 Citizenship (Amendment) Minor changes related to citizenship by descent.
Act, 1957
1960 Citizenship (Amendment) Clarified rules for Indians who migrated to Pakistan
Act, 1960 after partition.
1985 Citizenship (Amendment) Introduced Section 6A to implement the Assam
Act, 1985 Accord; gave citizenship to migrants in Assam under
conditions.
1986 Citizenship (Amendment) Made citizenship by birth more restrictive — at
Act, 1986 least one parent must be an Indian citizen.
1992 Citizenship (Amendment) Allowed citizenship by descent through either
Act, 1992 parent (earlier only through father).
2003 Citizenship (Amendment) Introduced:
Act, 2003  Overseas Citizen of India (OCI)
  National Register of Citizens (NRC)
 Bar on illegal migrants.
2005 Citizenship (Amendment) Simplified registration process for OCI.
Act, 2005
2015 Citizenship (Amendment) Merged PIO (Person of Indian Origin) and OCI into
Act, 2015 one category.
2019 Citizenship (Amendment) Gave Indian citizenship to non-Muslim minorities
Act, 2019 (CAA) (Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, Christians)
from Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh who
entered before 31 December 2014.

 Constitutional Bodies & Non Constitutional Bodies

Constitutional Body Statutory Body Executive Body
This Body Mention in This Body added by an Ye executive resolution ke dwara
Articles. Ex: Finance amendments to the pass hota hai or iska koi bhi mention
Commission, Election constitution. Ex: NHRC, nahi hota hai constitution me. Ex:
Commission, etc. etc. NITI Ayyog.
 Attorney general of India – Article 76
 First Attorney General of India – MC Setalvad
 Current Attorney General of India – R. Venkataramani
 CAG is the guide & Philosopher of Public Account Committee.
 The Consolidated Fund of India = Article 266(1)
 The Contingency Fund of India = Article 267(1)
 Finance Commission = Article 280
o Quasi-Judicial body
o Composition (1+4)
o 1st Finance Commission = KC Neogy
o 16th Finance Commission = Arvind Panagariya
 89th Constitution Amendement Act Separates National
Commission for Schedule Castes into (NCST + NCBC)
 National Commission for Schedule Castes = Article 338
 National Commission for Schedule Tribes = Article 338A
 National Commission for Backward Classes = Article 338B
(added by 102nd CA)
 One Word Substitution
SSC Asked OWS
1. Failing to give proper care and attention - Lax
2. A person who loves all mankind // Someone who freely gives
money and help to people who need it - Philanthropist (N.)
3. An inscription on a tombstone in the memory of the person who
has died - Epitaph (N.)
4. Something no longer in use - Obsolete (Adj.)~
5. Handwriting which is difficult or impossible to read - Illegible
(Adj.)
6. Something that cannot be avoided // Certain to happen -
Inevitable (Adj.)~
7. A place for keeping the birds in a confined space - Aviary (N.)
8. Belonging to the same time // A person living in the same age
with another - Contemporary (Adj.)
9. A person who can endure pain or hardship without showing his
feelings/complaining - Stoic (N.)
10. One who doesn't believe in the existence of God - Atheist (N.)
11. A person who draws or makes maps - Cartographer (N.)
12. An extreme fear of being in a small confined place -
Claustrophobia (N.)
13. One who knows everything - Omniscient (Adj.)~
14. A solution for all difficulties or diseases - Panacea (N.)
15. A person who knows and is able to use several languages -
Polyglot (N.)
16. An arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence
- Chronology (N.)
17. A speech or a presentation made without previous preparation -
Extempore (Adj.)
18. One who is difficult to please - Fastidious (Adj.)~
19. An imagined society where everything is perfect and everyone is
happy // A place of ideal perfection especially in laws,
government, and social conditions - Utopia (N.)
20. One who plays for pleasure rather than as a profession // A person
who is neither well experienced nor - Amateur (N.)~
21. Able to use the left hand and right hand equally well -
Ambidextrous (N.)
22. A person who attacks or criticizes cherished beliefs or institutions
- Iconoclast (N.)
23. One who cannot make mistake - Infallible (Adj.)~
24. Someone who makes charitable donations intended to the welfare
of other people - Altruist (N.)
25. The place where public, government or historical records are kept
- Archive (N.)
26. A person who loves or collects books - Bibliophile (N.)
27. The murder of a whole race or a group of people - Genocide (N.)
28. A sound that cannot be heard - Inaudible (Adj.)
29. One who cannot be corrected // One who is beyond reform -
Incorrigible (Adj.)~
30. A person who writes and edits dictionaries - Lexicographer (N.)
31. Someone working or acting merely for money or other rewards //
A soldier who fights for the sake of money - Mercenary (N.)
32. A person who hates and avoids other people - Misanthrope (N.)
33. Sentimental longing for a period in the past - Nostalgia (N.)
34. Animal that can live both on land and in water - Amphibians (N.)
35. The life history of a person written by himself - Autobiography
(N.)
36. A person who eats human flesh - Cannibal (N.)
37. A person employed to drive a private or hired car - Chauffeur (N.)
38. The scientific study of worms and insects - Entomology (N.)
39. One who is unable to pay debts - Insolvent (Adj.)
40. A person with strong desire to steal - Kleptomania (N.)
41. Government or rule by a small group of people - Oligarchy (N.)
42. One who is all powerful - Omnipotent (Adj.)
43. A person who collects or studies stamps - Philatelist (N.)
44. A person who never takes alcoholic drinks - Teetotaller (N.)
45. Someone having many skills - Versatile (Adj.)~
46. A person who believes that laws and governments are not
necessary // A person who believes in or tries to bring about a
state of lawlessness - Anarchist (N.)
47. The art of beautiful handwriting - Calligraphy (N.)
48. A group of stars that forms a shape in the sky and has a name -
Constellation (N.)
49. An animal that lives in groups // Tending to associate with others
of one's kind - Gregarious (Adj.)~
50. A quiet person who is more interested in his own thoughts and
feelings than in spending time with other people - Introvert (N.)~
51. A piece of land/garden, in which fruit trees are grown - Orchard
(N.)
52. Fit to drink (water) - Potable (Adj.)
53. A person who helps another to commit a crime or to do something
morally wrong // A partner in crime - Accomplice (N.)~
54. One who is not sure about God's existence - Agnostic (N.)~
55. A partial or total loss of memory - Amnesia (N.)
56. A situation in a country, an organization, etc. in which there is no
government, order or control - Anarchy (N.)
57. A person who regards the whole world as his country // One who
is a citizen not of a country but of the world - Cosmopolitan (Adj.)
58. A person who leaves his country to live in another - Emigrant (N.)
59. Lasting for a very short time - Ephemeral (Adj.)~
60. To free somebody from all blame - Exonerate (V.)~
61. One who is easily deceived - Gullible (Adj.)~
62. Holding an office without receiving a pay - Honorary (Adj.)
63. A person who suffers from an imaginary illness // A person who
is abnormally anxious about his health - Hypochondriac (N.)
64. A person pretending to be somebody he isn't - Hypocrite (N.)
65. That which cannot be conquered - Invincible (Adj.)~
66. A place where money is coined by authority of the government -
Mint (N.)
67. A person who admires himself/herself too much, especially his
appearance - Narcissist (N.)
68. Well known for being bad // A person of evil reputation -
Notorious (Adj.)~
69. A person who collects coins - Numismatist (N.)
70. A large number of fish swimming together - Shoal (N.)
71. A place where bees are kept - Apiary (N.)
72. A military structure where arms and ammunition and other
military equipment are stored - Arsenal (N.)
73. The story of a person's life written by somebody else - Biography
(N.)
74. House or shelter of a gipsy // A group of people, especially traders
or pilgrims, travelling together across a desert - Caravan (N.)
75. A man who knows a lot about things like food, music and art -
Connoisseur (N.)~
76. Man behaving more like a woman than as a man - Effeminate
(Adj.)~
77. A poem that express lament for the dead - Elegy (N.)
78. A short speech at the end of a play - Epilogue (N.)
79. A person who believes that all events are predetermined or
subject to fate - Fatalist (N.)
80. A person who sells and arranges cut flowers - Florist (N.)
81. Extreme fear of water - Hydrophobia (N.)
82. A plan of a journey, including the route and the places that will
be visited - Itinerary (N.)
83. A copy of a book, piece of music, etc. Before it has been printed
// A paper written by hand - Manuscript (N.)
84. A person who dislikes women - Misogynist (N.)
85. A person who walks on foot and not travelling in a vehicle -
Pedestrian (N.)
86. A person who always expects bad things to happen or something
not to be successful - Pessimist (N.)~
87. Occurring or coming into existence after a person's death -
Posthumous (Adj.)
88. The murder of a king - Regicide (N.)
89. Someone who walks about in sleep - Somnambulist (N.)
90. The scientific study of sound - Acoustics (N.)
91. The money paid to former wife, husband or partner when the
marriage is ended - Alimony (N.)
92. The study of human race, especially of its origin, development,
customs and beliefs - Anthropology (N.)
93. A glass tank where fish and water plants are kept - Aquarium (N.)
94. A person who is chosen to settle a disagreement // a person
appointed by two parties to resolve a dispute - Arbitrator (N.)
95. The study of human history and prehistory through the excavation
of sites - Archaeology (N.)
96. A government by the nobles/government by person of highest
social order - Aristocracy (N.)
97. Hard but easily broken // liable to break easily - Brittle (Adj.)~
98. An assembly of worshippers // A group of people who have come
together in a religious building for worship and prayer -
Congregation (N.)~
99. A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection - Curator
(N.)
100. The scientific study of skin diseases - Dermatology (N.)
101. Causing or ending in death - Fatal (Adj.)~
102. One who eats too much - Glutton (N.)
103. A person who cannot read or write - Illiterate (Adj.)
104. The condition of being unable to sleep over a period of time -
Insomnia (N.)
105. A person who supervises during an examination - Invigilator (N.)
106. That through which light cannot pass - Opaque (Adj.)~
107. Violation of something holy or sacred - Sacrilege (N.)~
108. A speech made to oneself - Soliloquy (N.)
109. One who lends money on high rates of interest - Usurer (N.)
110. One who offers one's services without being forced - Volunteer
(N.)
111. To give up one's authority or throne - Abdicate (V.)~
112. A publication containing astronomical or meteorological annual
calendar that contains important dates and time - Almanac (N.)
113. Capable of being understood in either of two or more possible
senses, and therefore not definite - Ambiguous (Adj.)~
114. Whose names are not known // An unknown author - Anonymous
(Adj.)~
115. A person who renounces a religious or political belief or principle
- Apostate (N.)
116. One who makes an official examination of accounts/financial
records - Auditor (N.)
117. A person who can speak only two languages - Bilingual (Adj.)
118. Words uttered impiously about God // The act of speaking
irreverently about sacred things - Blasphemy (N.)
119. The scientific study of plants and their structure - Botany (N.)
120. An arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present -
Bouquet (N.)
121. A person that one work with at the same place, in a profession or
a business - Colleague (N.)~
122. Gradual recovery of health and strength - Convalescence (N.)
123. A person who readily believes others easily - Credulous (Adj.)~
124. A doctor who studies and treats skin diseases - Dermatologist (N.)
125. A thing fit to be eaten - Edible (Adj.)
126. Widespread outbreak of a disease which affects large populations
at the same time - Epidemic (N.)~
127. A person motivated by irrational enthusiasm - Fanatic (N.)~
128. The plants and vegetation of a particular region - Flora (N.)
129. A person who has escaped from captivity or is in hiding - Fugitive
(N.)~
130. The study of earth, including the origin and history of the earth is
made - Geology (N.)
131. That which cannot be believed - Incredible (Adj.)~
132. Incapable of feeling tired or exhausted - Indefatigable (Adj.)
133. That can burn/catches fire easily - Inflammable (Adj.)
134. That which cannot be called back - Irrevocable (Adj.)~
135. Giving undue favours to one's own kith and kin - Nepotism (N.)~
136. A person who is new to a profession without training or
experience in a skill or subject - Novice (N.)
137. The study or collection of coins - Numismatics (N.)
138. A notice of a person's death - Obituary (N.)
139. One who see bright side of things - Optimist (N.)~
140. A person who opposes war or use of military force - Pacifist (N.)
141. A person who does not like, understand or enjoy the beauty of art,
literature, music, etc. - Philistine (N.)
142. Stealing of ideas or writings of someone else - Plagiarism (N.)
143. Government by the richest people of a country - Plutocracy (N.)
144. The scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour
- Psychology (N.)
145. A person who withdraws from the world to live in seclusion and
often in solitude - Recluse (N.)~
146. A close-fitting cover for a sword or knife // cover for the blade of
a weapon or a tool - Sheath (N.)~
147. Something kept as a reminder of an event - Souvenir (N.)
148. In exactly the same words as were used originally - Verbatim
(Adj.)~
149. A person who is long experienced or practiced in an activity -
Veteran (N.)
150. A decorative ring of flowers and leaves - Wreath (N.)
151. Fear of great heights - Acrophobia (N.)
152. Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty - Aesthetic
(Adj.)
153. A list of items to be discussed at a meeting - Agenda (N.)
154. A medicine to nullify the effect of poison or another medicine -
Antidote (N.)
155. Animals and plants growing or living in, or near water - Aquatic
(Adj.)
156. One who denies oneself ordinary bodily pleasures - Ascetic (N.)
157. A person engaged in or trained for spaceflight - Astronaut (N.)
158. The scientific study of celestial bodies like sun, moon, stars.
planets, etc. - Astronomy (N.)
159. A doctor who specializes in the study or treatment of heart
diseases - Cardiologist (N.)
160. Animals that eat meat - Carnivorous (N.)
161. A place where gambling games are played - Casino (N.)
162. A list or collection of books or informative graphics - Catalogue
(N.)
163. A funeral procession - Cortege (N.)
164. Centre of attraction - Cynosure (N.)
165. A leader who sways his followers by his oratory - Demagogue
(N.)
166. The study of population and its dynamics - Demography (N.)
167. A large bedroom for a number of people in a school or institution
- Dormitory (N.)
168. A game in which no one wins - Draw (V.)
169. A book or set of books giving information about all areas of
knowledge - Encyclopedia (N.)
170. Murder of one's brother or sister - Fratricide (N.)
171. A very small village - Hamlet (N.)
172. A building in which aircraft are housed - Hangar (N.)
173. All (things or people) of the same or similar kind or nature -
Homogeneous (Adj.)
174. The study of growing garden plants - Horticulture (N.)
175. That which cannot be satisfied - Insatiable (Adj.)~
176. Someone who is killed fighting for the cause of religion or faith -
Martyr (N.)
177. A place for keeping dead bodies before burial or cremation -
Mortuary (N.)
178. Present everywhere - Omnipresent (Adj.)~
179. The scientific study of birds - Ornithology (N.)
180. A fictitious name especially one assumed by an author -
Pseudonym (N.)
181. Dress with medals, ribbons worn at official ceremony // symbols
of royalty - Regalia (N.)
182. A person very reserved in speech - Reticent (Adj.)~
183. One who helps a person in need - Samaritan (N.)
184. An office with high salary but no work - Sinecure (N.)
185. The study of the nature of god and religious beliefs // The study
of religion - Theology (N.)
186. A place where animals are slaughtered for consumption as food -
Abattoir (N.)
187. An official pardon // the formal act of liberating someone -
Amnesty (N.)
188. A system of government of a country in which one person has
complete power - Autocracy (N.)~
189. A large bundle bound for storage or transport - Bale (N.)
190. One who is unable to pay his debts - Bankrupt (N.)
191. An instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure -
Barometer (N.)
192. A group of girls/boys/birds etc - Bevy (N.)
193. A list of the books referred to in a scholarly work - Bibliography
(N.)
194. A government run by officials in a state - Bureaucracy (N.)
195. Harsh or discordant sound // Loud confusing disagreeable sounds
// An incongruous or chaotic mixture - Cacophony (N.)~
196. A person who is skilled at producing beautiful handwriting -
Calligrapher (N.)
197. The art or process of drawing or making maps - Cartography (N.)
198. One who plans the steps and moves in a dance - Choreographer
(N.)
199. Easily spread from one person to another (disease) // A disease
which spreads with contact - Contagious (Adj.)
200. One who sneers at the aims and beliefs of his fellow men // A
person who believes that only selfishness motivates human
actions - Cynic (N.)~
201. A system of government in which all the people of a country can
vote to elect their representatives - Democracy (N.)

Random OWS
1. Become less intense or widespread - Abate
2. A place where animals are slaughtered for consumption as food -
Abattoir
3. The superior of a monastery - Abbot
4. To reduce to a shorter form intended to stand for the whole -
Abbreviation
5. To give up one's authority or throne - Abdicate
6. Act of giving up (renouncing) the throne - Abdication
7. Deviation from the right course - Aberration
8. The act of washing oneself - Ablution
9. To refuse or deny oneself - Abnegate
10. Formally put an end to a system, practice, or institution - Abolish
11. Existing in a land from the earliest times or before the arrival of
colonists - Aboriginal
12. The original inhabitants/natives of a country - Aborigines
13. To shorten a piece of writing without losing the sense - Abridge
14. A shortened version of a larger work - Abridgement
15. Cancel or do away with (a law or agreement) - Abrogate
16. To go away suddenly and secretly in order to escape from
somewhere - Abscond
17. Formal forgiveness of a person's sins - Absolution
18. Wildly unreasonable, illogical or ridiculous - Absurd
19. To increase the speed - Accelerate
20. Any award, honour or laudatory notice - Accolade
21. A person who helps another to commit a crime or to do something
morally wrong // A partner in crime - Accomplice
22. Be harmonious or consistent with - Accord
23. A person whose profession is to keep accounts - Accountant
24. Sharp, bitter, or harsh in temper, language, etc. - Acerbic
25. The scientific study of sound - Acoustics
26. To decide and state officially in court that somebody is not guilty
of a crime - Acquit
27. An entertainer who performs difficult physical feats - Acrobat
28. An abbreviation formed from the initial letters of other words and
pronounced as a word - Acronym
29. Fear of great heights - Acrophobia
30. To do something // to behave in a particular way // to perform a
part in a play/film/function - Act
31. Giving cause for legal action - Actionable
32. Make a machine active or operative - Activate
33. The ability to make good judgments and take quick decisions //
Sharpness and accuracy of judgement - Acumen
34. A person who is physically dependent on a substance, harmful
drugs - Addict
35. Believe in and follow the practices of - Adhere
36. The period between the beginning of puberty and adulthood -
Adolescence
37. An extremely beautiful young man - Adonis
38. Very attractive and easy to feel love for - Adorable
39. Make impure by adding inferior substances - Adulterate
40. Willing to take risks and try new ideas - Adventurous
41. A person who supports or speaks in favour of something -
Advocate
42. Growing/existing/living in the air - Aerial
43. Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty - Aesthetic
44. A list of items to be discussed at a meeting - Agenda
45. To increase the importance, position or wealth - Aggrandize
46. Always ready to attack or quarrel // One who is hostile and violent
- Aggressive
47. One who is not sure about God's existence - Agnostic
48. Extreme mental or physical suffering - Agony
49. A blank book for keeping a collection of photographs, stamps or
pictures - Album
50. Study of chemistry in a medieval fashion - Alchemy
51. A substance for killing algae - Algaecide
52. Fear of pain - Algophobia
53. A person belonging to a foreign country // different from what
you are used to // A fictional being from another world - Alien
54. The money paid to former wife, husband or partner when the
marriage is ended - Alimony
55. A story, play, picture, etc. in which each character/event is a
symbol representing an idea/a quality, such as truth, evil, death,
etc. - Allegory
56. Words that begin with the same letter, syllable or sound //
Repetition of an initial sound in two or more words of a line -
Alliteration
57. Soil deposited by flowing water - Alluvium
58. The school or college in which one has been educated - Alma
Mater
59. A publication containing astronomical or meteorological annual
calendar that contains important dates and time - Almanac
60. Mountain climbing - Alpinism
61. A table or flat surface where offerings are made to a deity - Altar
62. Instrument that measures the altitude of the land surface -
Altimeter
63. The height above sea level - Altitude
64. Someone who makes charitable donations intended to the welfare
of other people - Altruist
65. A former student of a school, college or university - Alumnus
66. One who plays for pleasure rather than as a profession // A person
who is neither well experienced nor professional // A non-
professional who is inept at a particular activity - Amateur
67. Fear of riding in a car - Amaxophobia
68. A diplomatic representative in another country - Ambassador
69. Able to use the left hand and right hand equally well -
Ambidextrous
70. The character and atmosphere of a place - Ambience
71. Capable of being understood in either of two or more possible
senses, and therefore not definite - Ambiguous
72. Having or showing both good and bad feelings - Ambivalent
73. One who has the qualities like shyness and openness at the same
time - Ambivert
74. Walk or move at a slow, relaxed pace // To walk aimlessly -
Amble
75. Make (something bad or unsatisfactory) better - Ameliorate
76. Readily reacting to suggestions and influences // willing to be
guided or controlled - Amenable
77. Someone who is friendly and good natured - Amicable
78. In a friendly and peaceable manner - Amicably
79. A partial or total loss of memory - Amnesia
80. An official pardon // the formal act of liberating someone -
Amnesty
81. Not following any moral rules and not caring about right/wrong -
Amoral
82. Animal that can live both on land and in water - Amphibians
83. A person who has had one or more limbs removed - Amputee
84. A word or a phrase formed by rearranging a different word -
Anagram
85. A similarity between like features of two things, on which a
comparison may be based - Analogy
86. Detailed examination of something complex - Analysis
87. A person who believes that laws and governments are not
necessary // A person who believes in or tries to bring about a
state of lawlessness - Anarchist
88. A situation in a country, an organization, etc. in which there is no
government, order/control - Anarchy
89. The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of
humans, animals, and other living organisms - Anatomy
90. A person who presents a radio/television programme - Anchor
91. Belonging to long past - Ancient
92. A short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or an
event - Anecdote
93. A medical specialist who administers drugs for relieving pain
during surgery - Anesthetist
94. Like a weak old woman - Anile
95. A strong dislike/hostility - Animosity
96. To destroy completely - Annihilate
97. The date on which an event happened in some previous year -
Anniversary
98. A fixed sum paid annually - Annuity
99. Departure from common rule - Anomaly
100. Whose names are not known // An unknown author - Anonymous
101. Obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing to eat - Anorexia
102. A collection of poems, stories, etc. that have been written by
different people and published together in a book - Anthology
103. One who studies the evolution of mankind - Anthropologist
104. The study of human race, especially of its origin, development,
customs and beliefs - Anthropology
105. Look forward to - Anticipate
106. A medicine to nullify the effect of poison or another medicine -
Antidote
107. Strong dislike between two persons // A deep-seated feeling of
aversion - Antipathy
108. One who studies/deals antique things - Antiquarian
109. The exact opposite - Antithesis
110. Words which are opposite in meaning - Antonym
111. A policy that segregates people on the basis of race // Policy of
racial discrimination - Apartheid
112. A set of rooms forming one residence in a building - Apartment
113. Showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm or concern - Apathetic
114. The feeling of not being interested in or enthusiastic - Apathy
115. Loss of speech due to medical problem - Aphasia
116. A place where bees are kept - Apiary
117. To express regret for something that one has done wrong -
Apologize
118. The state of having rejected your religious beliefs or your political
party or a cause - Apostasy
119. A person who renounces a religious or political belief or principle
- Apostle
120. A pioneer of a reform movement - Appalling
121. Causing shock or dismay - Appertain
122. Be appropriate or applicable - Applicant
123. A person who formally requests something, especially a job -
Appraisal
124. Estimation of a thing's worth - Appreciate
125. To rise in value - Apprentice
126. A person who works for an expert to learn a trade - Aquaphobia
127. Being afraid of water or being near water - Aquarium
128. A glass tank where fish and water plants are kept - Aquatic
129. Animals and plants growing or living in, or near water - Arable
130. Suitable for growing crops - Arbitrary
131. Based on chance rather than on reason or a plan - Arbitrator
132. A person who is chosen to settle a disagreement // a person
appointed by two parties to resolve a dispute - Archaeologist
133. One who studies human antiquities - Archaeology
134. The study of human history and prehistory through the excavation
of sites - Archaic
135. No longer in use - Archipelago
136. A large body of water with many islands - Archive
137. The place where public, government or historical records are kept
- Ardour
138. Zeal; burning enthusiasm; passion - Arena
139. A place where fights take place // A place or scene of activity,
debate, or conflict - Aristocracy
140. A government by the nobles/government by person of highest
social order - Arsenal
141. A military structure where arms and ammunition and other
military equipment are stored - Arson
142. Deliberately and maliciously set something (buildings usually) on
fire - Arsonist
143. A criminal who illegally sets fire to property - Arsonsphobia
144. Fear of fire - Arsonsphobia
145. Good at expressing ideas, feelings clearly in words // Having or
showing the ability to speak fluently and coherently - Articulate
146. Ability to communicate effectively and express oneself clearly in
writing and speaking - Articulation
147. One who practice one of the fine arts - Artist
148. One who denies oneself ordinary bodily pleasures - Ascetic
149. To attribute a cause or characteristic to something - Ascribe
150. Nations that do not trust each other/look upon each other -
Askance
151. A person who physically attacks another - Assailant
152. A person who kills somebody, especially for political reasons -
Assassin
153. To agree to a request/an idea/a suggestion - Assent
154. The quality of being politely firm and demanding - Assertive
155. One who tells future from the stars - Astrologer
156. The science of foretelling events by mapping stars - Astrology
157. A person engaged in or trained for spaceflight - Astronaut
158. The scientific study of celestial bodies like sun, moon, stars,
planets, etc. - Astronomy
159. Place that provides refuge // a hospital where people who were
mentally ill could be cared for, often for a long time - Asylum
160. One who doesn't believe in the existence of God - Atheist
161. An action of making amends for a wrong or injury - Atonement
162. That can be heard clearly - Audible
163. An official inspection of a company's, or individual's, accounts -
Audit
164. One who makes an official examination of accounts/financial
records - Auditor
165. A building where an audience sits - Auditorium
166. Severe in his manner - Austere
167. Made or done in the traditional or original way // Something that
is genuine - Authentic
168. The life history of a person written by himself - Autobiography
169. A system of government of a country in which one person has
complete power - Autocracy
170. A ruler who has complete power - Autocrat
171. A self-governing country or region - Autonomy
172. An official examination of a dead body by a doctor in order to
discover the cause of death - Autopsy
173. A mass of snow, ice and rocks falling rapidly down a
mountainside - Avalanche
174. The group, especially in the arts, regarded as being the most
experimental - Avant-Garde
175. Insatiable desire for wealth - Avarice
176. Having an extreme desire for wealth - Avaricious
177. A place for keeping the birds in a confined space - Aviary
178. Killing of birds - Avicide
179. Keen interest or enthusiasm - Avidity
180. To keep away from - Avoid
181. A rule/principle that most people believe to be true - Axiom
182. A man who remains unmarried - Bachelor
183. A place where bread and cakes are made - Bakery
184. A man having no hair on the scalp - Bald
185. Senseless talk or writing - Balderdash
186. A large bundle bound for storage or transport - Bale
187. A poem that tells a story and has a regular rhythm and rhyme
scheme - Ballad
188. Using (an idea, term, or name) frequently in casual talk -
Bandying
189. One who is unable to pay his debts - Bankrupt
190. Jokes and funny remarks amongst friends - Banter
191. Outer protective layer of a tree - Bark
192. An instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure -
Barometer
193. Place given to soldiers to live in - Barracks
194. A wooden drum in which beer or oil is stored - Barrel
195. Revel in and make the most of something pleasing - Bask
196. A group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one
place - Battery
197. Something of monstrous size or power - Behemoth
198. A person who is fond of fighting - Bellicose
199. The sound made by a crocodile - Bellow
200. One who helps people by giving them money or other aid -
Benefactor
201. A person who gains as a result of something - Beneficiary
202. Deprived of or lacking of something - Bereft
203. Any soft drink except water - Beverage
204. A group of girls/boys/birds etc - Bevy
205. A list of the books referred to in a scholarly work - Bibliography
206. Preoccupation with the acquisition and possession of books -
Bibliomania
207. A person who loves or collects books - Bibliophile
208. 200th anniversary - Bicentennial
209. A thing which happens every two years - Biennial
210. A person who is intolerant towards those holding different
opinions // One who has narrow and prejudiced religious views -
Bigot
211. A person who can speak only two languages - Bilingual
212. Twice a month - Bimonthly
213. Capable of being decomposed by biological agents, especially
bacteria - Biodegradable
214. The story of a person's life written by somebody else - Biography
215. Study of living organisms - Biology
216. The removal of tissue from the body of somebody who is ill and
its examination in order to find out more about the disease -
Biopsy
217. Very strange or unusual - Bizarre
218. Words uttered impiously about God // The act of speaking
irreverently about sacred things - Blasphemy
219. The sound made by sheep - Bleat
220. A person of South African Dutch descent - Boer
221. One who does not follow the usual rules of social life // An
unconventional style of living - Bohemian
222. Subject (someone) to a continuous flow of questions, criticisms
or information - Bombard
223. Using high-sounding words but with little meaning - Bombastic
224. Huge fire for celebration - Bonfire
225. Dwarf varieties of trees and shrubs grown in pots - Bonsai
226. A sum of money added to a person's wages as a reward for good
performance - Bonus
227. An avid book reader // One who reads a lot - Bookworm
228. A hunting weapon which comes back, used by Australian
Aborigines - Boomerang
229. To take something on loan with the intention of returning it -
Borrow
230. One who is well-versed in the knowledge of plants - Botanist
231. The scientific study of plants and their structure - Botany
232. A narrow or busy section of road where the traffic often gets
slower and stops - Bottleneck
233. A broad road bordered with trees - Boulevard
234. An arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present -
Bouquet
235. Belonging to middle class - Bourgeois
236. A small shop that sells fashionable clothes - Boutique
237. Affecting or relating to cows or cattle - Bovine
238. A shady place under trees - Bower
239. An act of breaking or failing to observe a law - Breach
240. A factory where beer is made - Brewery
241. Leather straps put around a horse's head to control it - Bridle
242. Member of a band of robbers - Brigand
243. Hard but easily broken // liable to break easily - Brittle
244. The young of an animal cared for at one time // A family of young
birds - Brood
245. A meal that is usually taken late in the morning that combines a
late breakfast and an early lunch - Brunch
246. A woman with dark brown hair - Brunette
247. An itemized summary of estimated expenses for a given period
along with proposals for financing them - Budgeting
248. Gold and silver before using for manufacturing ornaments -
Bullion
249. A collection of stickers - Bundle
250. A large single detached house with single or double story -
Bungalow
251. Carry out a task clumsily or incompetently - Bungle
252. A floating container anchored to the sea bottom, so used for
directing ships and warning them of possible dangers - Buoy
253. A government run by officials in a state - Bureaucracy
254. A person who enters a building illegally in order to steal - Burglar
255. Hole excavated by an animal as dwelling - Burrow
256. The sound made by bees - Buzz
257. Place where cows are sheltered - Byre
258. A group of things that have been hidden in some place - Cache
259. One who is bad in spellings - Cacographer
260. Harsh or discordant sound // Loud confusing disagreeable sounds
// An incongruous or chaotic mixture - Cacophony
261. Completely lifeless and unresponsive - Cadaverous
262. Rhythmic flow of sounds or words - Cadence
263. The young one of a cow - Calf
264. A person who is skilled at producing beautiful handwriting -
Calligrapher
265. The art of beautiful handwriting - Calligraphy
266. A man devoid of kind feeling and sympathy - Callous
267. That which makes it difficult to recognize the presence or real
nature of something - Camouflage
268. A person who eats human flesh - Cannibal
269. Love for dogs - Canophilia
270. A person who has money especially invested in business -
Capitalist
271. House or shelter of a gipsy // A group of people, especially traders
or pilgrims, travelling together across a desert - Caravan
272. The dead body of an animal - Carcass
273. Something which is considered to be very important - Cardinal
274. A doctor who specializes in the study or treatment of heart
diseases - Cardiologist
275. The study of the heart and its action and disease - Cardiology
276. A picture of a person or a thing drawn in such a highly
exaggerated manner as to cause laughter - Caricature
277. The war resulted in ruthless killing of many people - Carnage
278. Animals that eat meat - Carnivorous
279. Song which is sung in a church by a group of singers - Carol
280. A person who draws or makes maps - Cartographer
281. The art or process of drawing or making maps - Cartography
282. An amusing drawing about politics/events in the news - Cartoon
283. A fall of water from a great height - Cascade
284. A place where gambling games are played - Casino
285. A large, deep pot used both in the oven and as a serving vessel -
Casserole
286. A list or collection of books or informative graphics - Catalogue
287. A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being
consumed by the reaction itself - Catalyst
288. An event causing great and sudden damage or suffering -
Catastrophe
289. Causing great damage or suffering - Catastrophic
290. A local meeting of party members to select candidates, elect
convention delegates, etc. - Caucus
291. A large, deep, metal pot used for cooking over open fire -
Cauldron
292. Soldiers who fight on horseback - Cavalry
293. The sound of a crow - Caw
294. A time when enemies agree to stop fighting - Ceasefire
295. The state of being unmarried by choice - Celibacy
296. Underground place for storing wine or other provisions - Cellar
297. A large burial ground - Cemetery
298. A person who is a 100 years old or more - Centenarian
299. The 100th anniversary of an event - Centennial
300. Anything tending to move away from centre - Centrifugal
301. Something that is related to the brain or the intellect - Cerebral
302. Art of designing or writing on wax - Cerography
303. Rub a part of the body to restore warmth or sensation - Chafe
304. The husks of corn or other grains separated by winnowing or
threshing - Chaff
305. Vexation for humiliation or disappointment - Chagrin
306. Replacing something with something else - Change
307. A child who is believed to have been secretly left in exchange for
another - Changeling
308. A small building/room used for Christian worship in a school,
prison, large private house, etc. - Chapel
309. Compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire or influence
others - Charisma
310. Exercising a compelling charm which inspires devotion in others
- Charismatic
311. A person falsely claiming to have a special knowledge or skill -
Charlatan
312. Run after in order to catch or catch up with - Chase
313. A deep fissure in the earth's surface - Chasm
314. The base frame of car or other wheel vehicle - Chassis
315. To criticise someone severely - Chastise
316. A person employed to drive a private or hired car - Chauffeur
317. Palm reading - Chiromancy
318. A group of singers in a church - Choir
319. A routine task, especially a household one - Chore
320. One who plans the steps and moves in a dance - Choreographer
321. A disease persisting for a long time or recurring again and again
- Chronic
322. A factual written account of important or historical events in the
order of their occurrence - Chronicle
323. The order of their occurrence - Chronological
324. An arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence
- Chronology
325. An instrument for measuring time accurately in spite of motion
or variations in temperature, humidity, and air pressure -
Chronometer
326. Rude in a mean-spirited and surly way - Churlish
327. Extreme self-confidence or audacity - Chutzpah
328. The use of many words where only a few are necessary -
Circumlocution
329. Clues available at a scene - Circumstantial
330. A fortress typically one on high ground above a city - Citadel
331. Climb or move with difficulty or a lot of effort, typically using
one's hands and feet - Clamber
332. Making a loud and confused noise - Clamorous
333. A loud appeal or demand - Clamour
334. An extreme fear of being in a small confined place -
Claustrophobia
335. All the customers of a business - Clientele
336. A room in a public building where outdoor clothes or luggage
may be left - Cloakroom
337. The sound made by a hen - Cluck
338. Land beside a sea - Coast
339. A spider's home - Cobweb
340. A small compartment in an aircraft for the pilot - Cockpit
341. A drink usually made from a mixture of one or more alcoholic
drinks - Cocktail
342. An instruction that is added later to a will, usually to change a
part of it - Codicil
343. To restrain or compel a person to do something by force - Coerce
344. Use of force or threats to get someone to agree to something -
Coercion
345. A strongbox or small chest for holding valuables - Coffer
346. A collection of slaves - Coffle
347. A remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances without
apparent causal connection - Coincidence
348. A person that one work with at the same place, in a profession or
a business - Colleague
349. Mutual discourse - Colloquy
350. A secret agreement especially in order to do something dishonest
or deceive people - Collusion
351. A group of ants - Colony
352. A gigantic statue - Colossus
353. To keep a great person or event in people's memory -
Commemorate
354. Money given to agent on sales - Commission
355. An act of exchanging information - Communication
356. To have a strong feeling of sympathy with a desire to help -
Compassion
357. People who belong to the same country - Compatriots
358. A person who introduces the performers or contestants in a
variety show - Compere
359. Satisfied, with no desire to change or improve - Complacent
360. To make perfect or complete - Complement
361. A remark that expresses approval or admiration - Compliment
362. One who sets type for books, newspapers, etc. - Compositor
363. A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows the
doing of something bad - Compunction
364. Having too much pride in yourself and what you do - Conceited
365. Capable of being imagined or grasped mentally - Conceivable
366. Having a common centre, as circles or spheres - Concentric
367. Living together of a man and woman without being married to
each other - Concubinage
368. An apartment building in which each apartment is owned
separately by the people living in it, but also containing shared
areas - Condominium
369. Forgive or pardon some wrongdoing or an offence - Condone
370. A company or person that makes or sells sweets or chocolate -
Confectioner
371. To own up to something as true - Confess
372. An arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form or figure
- Configuration
373. To officially take something away from somebody - Confiscate
374. Combustibles - flammable - Conflagrant
375. Place where two or more rivers meet - Confluence
376. A person who conforms to accepted behaviour or established
practices - Conformist
377. Pertaining to an individual from birth - Congenital
378. A corporation made up of a number of different companies that
operate in diversified fields - Conglomerate
379. An assembly of worshippers // A group of people who have come
together in a religious building for worship and prayer -
Congregation
380. An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete
information - Conjunction
381. A man who knows a lot about things like food, music and art -
Connoisseur
382. Feeling inside you which tells you what is right and what is wrong
- Conscience
383. One who does one's work thoroughly and seriously -
Conscientious
384. Compulsory enlistment for military service - Conscription
385. A careful preservation and protection of wildlife is the need of the
hour - Conservation
386. Opposed to great or sudden change - Conservative
387. Comfort someone at a time of grief or disappointment - Console
388. A secret plan made to do something (usually wrong) - Conspiracy
389. A group of stars that forms a shape in the sky and has a name -
Constellation
390. State of anxiety or dismay causing mental confusion -
Consternation
391. Imposed a restriction on - Constrained
392. Extremely skilled - Consummate
393. The situation in which a disease is spread by touching someone
or something - Contagion
394. Easily spread from one person to another (disease) // A disease
which spreads with contact - Contagious
395. Something made impure by exposure to polluting substances -
Contaminated
396. Belonging to the same time // A person living in the same age
with another - Contemporary
397. Someone who is satisfied with life is general - Contented
398. Touching along the side or boundary - Contiguous
399. An event that may/may not happen - Contingency
400. Prohibited by law or treaty from being imported or exported -
Contraband
401. Gradual recovery of health and strength - Convalescence
402. A place where nuns live and work - Convent
403. A group of vehicles travelling together, typically one
accompanied by armed troops - Convoy
404. Ceremony of crowning a king - Coronation
405. Collection of written or spoken texts - Corpus
406. To confirm with the help of evidence - Corroborate
 Idioms and Phrase
SSC Asked Idioms and Phrase
1. Beat about/around the bush: Avoiding the main topic
2. Spill the beans: Disclose the secrets accidentally
3. Cost an arm and a leg: Very expensive
4. Once in a blue moon: Rarely
5. Face the music: To accept punishment for mistake
6. Under the weather: To feel sick or unhealthy
7. A bolt from the blue: Something unexpected and unpleasant
8. Bury the hatchet: To make peace
9. Wild goose chase: A worthless hunt or chase
10. At the eleventh hour: At the very last moment
11. Blow one's own trumpet: Praise oneself
12. Break the ice: To make someone comfortable
13. Get into hot water: To get into trouble
14. Hit the nail on the head: Say or do something exactly right
15. Have an axe to grind: A private interest to serve
16. To smell a rat: Suspect a trick or deceit
17. Call it a day: Decide or agree to stop doing something
18. Gift of the gab: Ability to speak eloquently
19. See eye to eye: To be in full agreement
20. Sit on the fence: To remain neutral
21. To flog/beat a dead horse: To attempt to do the impossible
22. A blessing/boon in disguise: An apparent misfortune that
eventually has good results
23. A fish out of water: An uncomfortable, unfamiliar or unsuitable
position or situation
24. At the drop of a hat/dime: Without any hesitation
25. Hold your horses: Be patient
26. It's Raining cats and dogs: Raining extremely heavily
27. Leave no stone unturned: Try every possible course of action in
order to achieve something
28. Let the cat out of the bag: Reveal a secret carelessly or by mistake
29. A hard nut to crack: A difficult person
30. A red letter day: An important day
31. Add fuel to the fire/flames: Make things worse
32. Cry over spilt milk: To complain about a loss from the past
33. Through thick and thin: Support under all circumstances
34. To end in smoke: To come to nothing
35. All at sea: Puzzled
36. Feel at sea: Confused
37. Bite the bullet: To force yourself to do something unpleasant
38. On cloud nine: Extremely happy
39. Snake in the grass: An unreliable and deceitful person
40. To miss the boat/bus: To miss an opportunity
41. To turn a deaf ear: Disregard
42. Read between the lines: Understand the hidden meaning
43. A piece of cake: A very easy task
44. By fits and starts: Unsteady
45. By leaps and bounds: Very quickly
46. Cock and bull story: An unbelievable or absurd story
47. Give someone the cold shoulder: Deliberately ignore, avoid or be
unfriendly towards someone
48. In a nutshell: Briefly and concisely
49. In the same boat: In the same unpleasant or difficult situation
50. Pull yourself together: To calm oneself down and begin to think
or act appropriately
51. A dark horse: An unexpected winner
52. A dime a dozen: Very common and of no particular value
53. A stone's throw away: A very short distance
54. Back to the drawing board: An idea has been unsuccessful and
that a new one must be devised
55. Barking up the wrong tree: Trying to do something in a way that
will not work
56. Be all ears: Listening intently
57. Burn the midnight oil: To work or study till very late in the night
58. Chip off the old block: Reminds them of one's father
59. Get out of hand: To become uncontrollable
60. Pull someone's leg: To make fool of
61. Take with a pinch/grain of salt: Not believe completely
something that you are told
62. The Lion's share: The biggest and best part of a whole
63. To fight tooth and nail: To fight furiously and fiercely
64. To hit the sack: To prepare for sleep
65. Under a cloud: Under suspicion
66. As fit as a fiddle: Strong and healthy
67. Best of both worlds: A situation wherein someone has the
privilege of enjoying two different opportunities
68. By hook or by crook: By any means, good or bad
69. By the skin of one's teeth: By the narrowest margin
70. Every cloud has a silver lining: Every unpleasant situation has a
positive side
71. Grease the palm: To bribe discreetly
72. Hand in glove: In close association
73. In high/good spirits: Joyful
74. Keep at arm's length: To avoid being friendly with someone
75. Strain every nerve: Work very hard
76. Throw caution to the wind: To do something without worrying
about the risk
77. To eat a humble pie: To accept defeat
78. At one's wit's end: Completely confused or perplexed
79. Build castles in the air: Daydream
80. Burn one's bridges/boats: To destroy all relations
81. Catch red-handed: To catch someone doing something illegal
82. Close shave: Narrow escape from danger or disaster
83. Don't count your chickens before they hatch: Don't make plans
based on events that have not yet happened
84. Full of beans: Lively and energetic
85. Go the extra mile: Going above and beyond whatever is required
for the task at hand
86. Ins and outs: Secrets; the detailed or complicated facts of
something
87. Spick and span: Very neat, clean, or tidy
88. To get cold feet: To experience nervousness or anxiety before one
attempts to do something
89. Turn a blind eye: To ignore a situation, facts or reality
90. Up in arms: To be angry
91. Wears his heart on his sleeve: Expresses his feelings openly
92. White elephant: Costly and troublesome possession useless to its
owner
93. A man of letters: Proficient in literary art
94. A storm in a teacup: Big fuss over a small matter
95. Add insult to injury: To further a loss with mockery to worsen an
unfavourable situation
96. Apple of one's eye: Someone very precious or dear
97. Back to square one: To return to the starting point
98. Bad blood: Angry feeling
99. Ball is in your court: It is up to you to make the next decision or
step
100. Black sheep: One who is not accepted as part of a family or group
because of one's bad conduct
101. Chicken-hearted: Cowardly
102. Fair weather friends: Friends in good times
103. For good: Permanently
104. In black and white: In writing
105. In the nick of time: Just in time
106. Leaves you in the lurch: Leave someone in a helpless condition
107. Out of the blue: Completely unexpectedly
108. Take to one's heels: To run away
109. To jump on the bandwagon: To follow popular trends
110. A bird's eye view: A general view from above
111. A cakewalk: An easy achievement
112. A fool's paradise: Being happy for foolish reasons
113. A leopard can't change its spots: It is impossible for one to change
one's character
114. A man of straw: A man of no substance
115. A wolf in sheep's clothing: Hypocrite
116. Child's play: Something that is very easy to do
117. Cool as a cucumber: Not nervous or emotional
118. Cut corners: To save money, time or effort
119. Cut the mustard: To perform well
120. Draw a line: To fix a limit
121. Feather one's own nest: Make money in an improper way
122. Get a taste of your own medicine: To be given the same treatment
that you have given to others
123. Have bigger/other fish to fry: Some more important work to
attend to
124. Herculean task: Very difficult task
125. Kick the bucket: To die
126. Kill two birds with one stone: To achieve two results with a single
effort
127. Nip in the bud: To stop something at the start
128. Selling like hot cakes: To have a very good sale
129. Shed crocodile tears: To pretend to be sympathetic
130. Take the bull by the horns: To handle difficulties
131. The last straw: Final problem in the series
132. To call a spade a spade: To be frank
133. To keep an eye on: To watch someone or something carefully
134. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush: Having something
for certain is better than the possibility of getting something better
135. A bone of contention: Cause of dispute/quarrel
136. A green horn: An inexperienced man
137. A mare's nest: A difficult/complicated situation
138. Actions speak louder than words: What you do is more important
than what you say
139. All and sundry: Everybody without distinction
140. At a snail's pace: Do something very slowly
141. At daggers drawn: Enemies
142. Backseat driver: Interfering in affairs without having knowledge
143. Blaze a trail: To lead the way as a pioneer
144. Break a leg: To wish good luck
145. Cut to the chase: To start talking about the important aspects of
something
146. Eats like a horse: Eats a lot of food
147. Eye wash: A deception
148. Have a chip on one's shoulder: To be upset for something that
happened in the past
149. Hobson's choice: No real choice at all
150. In seventh heaven: Extremely happy
151. In the long run: Eventually
152. It's Greek to me: It is incomprehensible
153. Jump the gun: Start something too soon or act hastily
154. Let sleeping dogs lie: Do not bring up an old controversial issue
155. Live from hand to mouth: To have enough money to live on and
nothing extra
156. Make no bones about: To state something clearly
157. On tenterhooks: In suspense and anxiety
158. Play it by ear: To do something without special preparation
159. Pour/Throw cold water: To discourage by showing indifference
160. To burn one's fingers: To suffer unpleasant consequences as a
result of one's actions
161. To cry wolf: To ask for help when you don't need it
162. To go/run around in circles: To waste one's time and energy doing
trivial things
163. To keep the wolf away from the door: To keep off starvation
164. To make up one's mind: To decide what to do
165. To put a spoke in one's wheel: To put a difficulty in the way of
progress
166. To take to task: To rebuke
167. To turn over a new leaf: To change one's behaviour for better
168. A close-fisted person: A miser
169. A sea change: A profound or notable transformation
170. A wet blanket: A person who discourages enjoyment or
enthusiasm
171. Above board: Honest and frank
172. Achilles' heel: A weakness or vulnerable point
173. Against the clock: Work very fast to complete something within
a deadline
174. Be in the red: To be in a loss or debt
175. Bed of roses: A pleasant situation
176. Birds of the same feather: Persons of same character or interests
177. Bite the dust: Suffer a defeat
178. Carry the day: Win a victory
179. Catch a tartar: To deal with someone or something that proves
unexpectedly troublesome or powerful
180. Cross that bridge when you come to it: Deal with something only
when necessary
181. Cross your fingers: To hope that things will happen in the way
that you want them to
182. Cry for the moon: To make an impractical, unreasonable or
unattainable request
183. Don't (or never) judge a book by its cover: We should not judge
something primarily by its outward appearance
184. Donkey's years: A very long time
185. Easier said than done: Be more easily talked about than put into
practice
186. Fall flat: To fail to produce intended effect
187. Feather in one's cap: A new and additional distinction
188. Forty winks: A short nap/sleep during the day
189. From rags to riches: To go from very poor to being very wealthy
190. Get on somebody's nerves: To be an irritant
191. Give a piece of one's mind: To rebuke someone strongly
192. Go down like a lead balloon: To be received badly by an audience
193. Go to the dogs: To be ruined
194. Green thumb: To have a natural interest in gardening
195. Hue and cry: A noisy expression of anger
196. Ill at ease: To feel uncomfortable or worried in a situation
197. Learn/Know the ropes: Learn to do particular jobs
198. Lend me your ear: To politely ask for someone's full attention
199. Lose your marbles: To become mentally deficient
200. On thin ice: In a precarious/dangerous or risky situation
 Random Idioms and Phrase
1. A bad patch: A period of difficulty
2. A beast of burden: An animal that carries luggage
3. A bee hive: A busy place
4. A big draw: Huge attraction
5. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush: Having something
for certain is better than getting something possibly
6. A bird's eye view: A general view from above // Aerial view //
Good and comprehensive idea // An overall view
7. A bite at the cherry: An attempt or opportunity to do something
8. A blessing/boon in disguise: An apparent misfortune that
eventually has good results // A hidden favour
9. A blue-eyed boy: One who is favourite
10. A bolt from the blue: Something unexpected and unpleasant // A
complete surprise // A sudden calamity // An unexpected disaster
11. A bone of contention: Cause of dispute/quarrel // Point of an
argument
12. A bull in a China shop: A clumsy person in a delicate situation
13. A bull market: A period of rising prices in the stock market
14. A cakewalk: An easy achievement // An easy task or victory
15. A can of worms: A complicated situation or problem
16. A carrot and stick approach: Rewards and punishments that
influence someone's behavior
17. A change of heart: A different opinion about someone or
something
18. A clean slate: Situation in which you can start again
19. A closed book: A mystery
20. A close-fisted person: A miser
21. A cog in the machine: Very small part of a big organization
22. A cold fish: Someone who seems unfriendly and who does not
share his feelings
23. A cuckoo in the nest: An unwelcome intruder
24. A cut above something: Superior to
25. A damp squib: A disappointing result // a situation or event which
is much less impressive than expected
26. A damsel in distress: A helpless woman
27. A dark horse: An unexpected winner // someone who
unexpectedly succeeds // an unknown entry // a competitor of
unknown capabilities
28. A dead letter: A law or agreement that is no longer enforced or
followed // Completely useless
29. A diamond in the rough: Someone or something with potential or
talent but lacking training or polish
30. A dime a dozen: Very common and of no particular value //
Anything that is common and easy to get
31. A dog's life: A miserable existence
32. A dog in the manger: A person who prevents others from enjoying
something that he or she cannot use or does not want
33. A drop in a bucket/ocean: A very small part of something big or
whole // A quantity too small to make an impact
34. A dry run: Rehearsal of an event // a practice session
35. A fine state of affairs: An unpleasant situation
36. A fire in someone's belly: One who is energetic and enthusiastic
about something
37. A fish out of water: An uncomfortable, unfamiliar or unsuitable
position or situation
38. A fly on the wall: A person of unaccustomed // An unperceived
observer
39. A flying visit: A very short visit
40. A fool's paradise: Being happy for foolish reasons // a state of
happiness based on a person's not knowing about potential trouble
41. A gentleman at large: A man without a job
42. A golden mean: Middle course between two extremes // neither
too much nor too little
43. A Good Samaritan: A helpful person
44. A green horn: An inexperienced man
45. A grey area: An area where things aren't clearly defined // An
unclear situation
46. A hair in the butter: A challenging situation
47. A hair's breadth: Telling about the smallest possible amount or
degree of something
48. A hairsbreadth escape: A narrow escape // narrow margin
49. A hard nut to crack: Difficult task // A tough challenge // A
difficult person // An inflexible person who is hard to convince
50. A hornet's nest: An unpleasant, difficult or troublesome situation
// Raising controversy
51. A hot potato: A controversial issue/situation that is difficult to
deal with
52. A house of cards: A fragile or unstable situation that can easily
collapse or fail
53. A kick in the teeth: A grave setback // Great disappointment
54. A lame excuse: Unsatisfactory explanation // Weak excuse
55. A laughing stock: An object of laughter // an object of ridicule
56. A lean patch: A period of poor performance
57. A left handed compliment: An ambiguous compliment // insulting
remark appearing as praise
58. A leopard can't change its spots: It is impossible for one to change
one's character
59. A little bird told me: To keep the identity of informant secret //
receive information from a secret source
60. A little gush of gratitude: Friendly feeling
61. A live wire: A person who is full of energy
62. A long shot: Little chance of success
63. A lot on your plate: To have a large number of problems to deal
with // having many responsibilities
64. A man of letters: Proficient in literary art // Scholar // A well
educated and a wise person
65. A man of means: A wealthy man with lots of money and assets
66. A man of spirit is: A very courageous man
67. A man of straw: A man of no substance // A weak or cowardly
person
68. A mare's nest: A difficult/complicated situation // A false
invention
69. A month of Sundays: A long time
70. A moot point: Disputed
71. A needle in a haystack: Something that is very difficult to locate
// Attempting something impossible
72. A night owl: A person who prefers to be awake late at night
73. A nig-nog: A fool
74. A pain in the neck: Someone or something that is
annoying/irritating or a nuisance
75. A Penelope's web: An endless job
76. A penny for your thoughts: A way of asking what someone is
thinking
77. A perfect storm: A particularly bad situation caused by a
combination of unfavorable circumstances
78. A picture paints a thousand words: An image of a subject conveys
its meaning more effectively than a description does
79. A piece of cake: A very easy task
80. A piece of the pie: A share in money or business
81. A plum job: An easy pleasant job that also pays well
82. A queer fish: An eccentric or unconventional person
83. A rainy day: Time of difficulty
84. A ray of hope: Something that provides a small amount of
optimism in a difficult situation
85. A red letter day: An important day // a day that is pleasantly
noteworthy or memorable // happy and significant day
86. A red rag to a bull: An object, utterance, or act which is certain to
provoke someone
87. A rolling stone gathers no moss: A person who does not settle in
one place for a long time, does not gain wealth, name or fame
88. A rotten apple: A single bad person or thing in a group
89. A sacred cow: A person never to be criticised
90. A safe pair of hands: A reliable person // A person who can be
trusted to do something efficiently
91. A sea change: A profound or notable transformation // Complete
transformation
92. A shot in the arm: An encouraging stimulus // something that
gives encouragement
93. A sight for sore eyes: A person or thing that one is extremely
pleased and relieved to see
94. A skeleton in the cupboard: An embarrassing fact to be kept secret
// something embarrassing or shameful
95. A snowball effect: An accelerating growth of magnitude
96. A sore point: Something which hurts
97. A square deal: A fair agreement // A fair and honest deal
98. A stick-in-the-mud: A person who resists change
99. A stiff-necked person: An obstinate person
100. A stitch in time saves nine: It is better to solve a problem straight
away and not let it become bigger
101. A stone's throw away: A very short distance
102. A storm in a teacup: Big fuss over a small matter // A lot of
anger/excitement or worry about trivial things
103. A stuffed shirt: A pompous or self-important person
104. A stumbling block: An obstacle to progress
105. A thorn in the flesh: An source of continual annoyance or trouble
// Annoying and irritating
106. A turning point: Anything that brings about changes // The time
at which an important change starts
107. A vexed question: Controversial
108. A vicious cycle: When one problem causes another problem
109. A walk of life: A person's occupation or position within society
110. A wet blanket: A person who discourages enjoyment or
enthusiasm // someone who prevents other people from having
fun
111. A wildcat strike: A strike by workers without official union
support
112. A wolf in sheep's clothing: Hypocrite // a dangerous person
pretending to be harmless
113. ABC of something: Essential fact
114. Above board: Honest and frank // without any secret
115. Above/Over one's head: Beyond one's capability to understand
something
116. Achilles' heel: A weakness or vulnerable point
117. Acid test: Definitive proof of truth or falsehood // A fact, event or
situation that proves something
118. Actions speak louder than words: What you do is more important
than what you say // What you do reveals the real you // Intentions
can be judged by people's actions
119. Adam's ale: Water
120. Add fuel to the fire/flames: Make things worse // worsened the
difficult situation
121. Add insult to injury: To further a loss with mockery to worsen an
unfavourable situation // Make a bad situation even worse
122. After a fashion: to only a certain extent
123. After one's own heart: Sharing or having one's tastes or views //
Having likes and dislikes similar to one's own
124. Against the clock: Work very fast to complete something within
a deadline // work in great hurry, as fast as possible
125. Aid and abet: To help someone to commit a crime
126. Aladdin's cave: A place that contains many interesting objects
127. Alarums and excursions: Confused activity and uproar
128. Alive and kicking: In good health
129. All agog: Amazed // Full of interest and excitement
130. All along: All the time; from the beginning
131. All and sundry: Everybody without distinction
132. All at sea // Feel at sea: Puzzled // A state of confusion // lost and
confused
133. All bark and no bite: Full of talk, but low on action
134. All eyes: Watching eagerly // To watch something intently
135. All eyes and ears: To be attentive
136. All hands on deck: Everyone available to help with a problem
137. All hat and no cattle: One who is full of big talk but lacks
substance and action
138. All in: Exhausted
139. All in a day's work: Part of a person's typical work
140. All in all: having all authority // considering everything
141. All moonshine: Far from reality // concocted // nonsense
142. All of a sudden: Quickly and unexpectedly
143. All our might and main: Full force
144. All over hell's half acre: Everywhere
145. All thumbs: Clumsy // physically awkward
146. All wet: Completely mistaken
147. All's fair in love and war: Any action is acceptable in extreme
circumstances like love or war
148. Alma mater: Institution where I got education
149. Alpha and omega: Beginning and end
150. Alphabet soup: A metaphor for an abundance of abbreviations or
acronyms
151. Always a bridesmaid never a bride: Someone who is never the
most important person in a particular situation
152. An about turn: Complete change of opinion
153. An ace in the hole: A major advantage that one keeps hidden until
an ideal time
154. An arm-chair critic: Someone who gives advice based on theory
not practice
155. An arrow in the quiver: Strategies that can be followed
156. An article of faith: A firmly held belief
157. An eye opener: A shocking revelation
158. An iron hand: strict and harsh control
159. An iron will: A firm opinion // strong determination
160. An old head on young shoulders: full of wisdom
161. An olive branch: gesture of peace
162. An open book: One that held no secrets // one about whom it is
easy to know everything // straightforward and honest
163. An uphill task: Difficult task
164. Appeal to Caesar: Appeal to the highest possible authority
165. Apple of discord: Reason for quarrel // Cause of animosity //
something that causes friction // Bone of contention
166. Apple of one's eye: Someone very precious or dear
167. Apple-cart: Spoil careful plans
168. Apples and oranges: Two unlike things or people // Unequal
comparisons
169. Apropos of nothing: Having no relevance to any previous
discussion or situation
170. Argus-eyed: Carefully observant or attentive // Vigilant
171. Armed to the teeth: Heavily armed or fortified
172. Around the clock: Day and night
173. Around the corner: Occurring soon
174. As a matter of fact: Actually as it happens
175. As bald as a cue ball: Completely bald
176. As clear as a bell: Readily understood
177. As clear as mud: Impossible to understand
178. As daft as a brush: Extremely silly
179. As dead as a doornail: Unquestionably dead or inoperative
180. As fit as a fiddle: Strong and healthy // In a perfectly healthy
condition
181. As good as gold: A person who is obedient and well-behaved
182. As hard as a nail: Emotionless // unrelenting // to have no feelings
183. As high as a kite: Intoxicated with alcohol
184. As keen as mustard: Very enthusiastic and excited
185. As phony as a three-dollar bill: Something that is fake
186. As sly as a fox: Smart and clever
187. As the crow flies: The shortest route // measurement in a straight
line
188. As thick as two short planks: Extremely stupid
189. Ask for trouble: Act in a way that is likely to incur problems or
difficulties
190. Asleep at the wheel: Not attentive to one's duties
191. Assume airs: Pretend superiority
192. At a crossroads: A point in life where his decisions will have long
term consequences
193. At a loss: Unable to decide
194. At a snail's pace: Do something very slowly
195. At a stretch: To do something continuously
196. At any cost: Under any circumstances
197. At beck and call: At his disposal // to be dominated by someone
// be always ready at her service
198. At cross purposes: Having opposing viewpoints or intentions
199. At daggers drawn: Enemies // To be bitterly hostile // Being at
loggerheads
200. At each other's throats: Arguing angrily
201. At large: A criminal escaped or not yet captured
202. At loggerheads: In conflict with someone // To disagree strongly
203. At loose ends: In an uncertain situation
204. At one's elbow: Next to someone
205. At one's wit's end: Completely confused or perplexed
206. At random: In a random manner
207. At short notice: With little warning or time for preparation
208. At sixes and sevens: In disorder or confusion
209. At somebody's expense: Paid for by someone
210. At stake: In danger
211. At the drop of a hat/dime: Without any hesitation // instantly //
without having planned beforehand
212. At the eleventh hour: At the very last moment // Just before the
deadline
213. At the top of your lungs: Extremely loudly
214. At variance with: In opposite
215. Average out: To produce a result that is even and balanced when
looked at over a period of time
216. Babe in the woods: A young defenceless person
217. Back in saddle: Resume duty

Collective Noun
A band of musicians A board of directors
A choir of singers A class of students
A crew of sailors/airmen A crowd of people
A gang of thieves/robbers A jury of judges
A panel of experts A team of players
A troupe of dancers/actors An army of soldiers
A mob of angry people A staff of employees
A regiment of soldiers A congregation of worshippers
A council of advisors A drove of cattle
A colony of ants/beavers/penguins A gaggle of geese
A flock of birds/sheep A litter of puppies/kittens
A herd of cattle/elephants/deer/goats A pack of wolves/dogs/cards
A menagerie of wild animals A school of fish/whales
A pride of lions A troop of monkeys/apes
A swarm of bees/locusts/flies A parliament of owls
A murder of crows A business of ferrets
A sleuth of bears A shiver of sharks
A charm of finches A bouquet of flowers
A sounder of swine A bundle of sticks/clothes
A bale of cotton/hay A cluster of stars/gems
A bunch of grapes/keys/bananas A fleet of ships/cars
A chain of mountains/islands A heap of rubbish/stones
A deck of cards A pack of cigarettes/cards
A galaxy of stars A pile of books/clothes
A library of books A range of mountains
A pair of shoes/scissors A stack of hay/wood
A quiver of arrows A volume of smoke
A set of tools/dishes A chest of drawers
A string of pearls/events A collection of stamps/coins
A wad of notes A grove of trees
A clump of trees A flight of stairs

Word Meaning
1. Wonderstruck :
 हैरान या चतकि हो िाना, तकसी चीज़ को िेिकर बहुि ज़्यािा
आश्चययचतकि, प्रभातवि, या मग्ु ध हो िाना।
 िािमहल की िब ू सरू िी िेिकर पययटक wonderstruck रह गए
Copious : अतधक
Scant : अपयायप्त Insufficient
Meek : Humble
Venturesome : साहशी
Desert : Chor dena
Forsake : tyagna
Dereliction : kartavya ka tyag
Unrestraint : Unconrolled
 14. Guarantee 49. Government
Spellings 15. Commit 50. Hierarchy
1. Culinary Skills 16. Entrepreneur 51. Hygiene
2. Verifiability 17. Protein 52. Legionnaire
3. Irrevocable 18. Acoustic 53. Liaison
4. Arsenal 19. Apparently 54. Marriage
5. Connoisseur 20. Definition 55. Niece
6. Archaeology 21. Discipline 56. Noticeable
7. Invigilator 22. Embarrass 57. Philosophy
8. Hangar 23. Existence 58. Preference
9. Martyr 24. Professor 59. Procedure
10. Bureaucracy 25. Attention 60. Restaurant
11. Gallantry 26. Combination 61. Secretary
12. Posthumously 27. Countenance 62. Strategy
13. Surveillance 28. Embarrassment 63. Temperature
14. 29. Environment 64. Weather
30. Experiment 65. Adventure
31. Explanation 66. Advertise
32. Illegitimate 67. Affiliate
33. Immediate 68. Arrangement
34. Licence 69. Assassination
35. Manipulate 70. Attitude
1. Accommodate 36. Mining 71. Ceremony
2. Business 37. Occurrence 72. Changeable
3. Committee 38. Occasionally 73. Deficient
4. Maintenance 39. Opportunity 74. Difficult
5. Occasion 40. Possession 75. Doctor
6. Grammar 41. Reference 76. Equipment
7. Beginning 42. Sanctuaries 77. Executive
8. Believe 43. Sergeant 78. Exhilarate
9. Definitely 44. Accommodation 79. Fallacious
10. Receipt 45. Advertisement 80. Grateful
11. Necessary 46. Beggar 81. Handkerchief
12. Address 47. Bureaucrat 82. Harassment
13. Calendar 48. Eradication 83. Laboratory
84. Machiavellian 119. Community 154. Luxurious
85. Mathematics 120. Comparison 155. Matter
86. Navigation 121. Contradiction 156. Millennia
87. Olfactory 122. Cooperate 157. Millennium
88. Pronunciation 123. Describe 158. Misspell
89. Referred 124. Develop 159. Misspelling
90. Scenery 125. Disappear 160. Neither
91. Substantive 126. Discrimination 161. Occasionally
92. Territory 127. Dwelling 162. Passenger
93. Tomorrow 128. Eighth 163. Pierce
94. Treasure 129. Election 164. Possible
95. Tuition 130. Emergency 165. Pretensions
96. Twelfth 131. Encouragement 166. Questionnaire
97. Vacuum 132. Excellence 167. Queue
98. Acceptable 133. Exclamation 168. Referee
99. Actually 134. Exhibit 169. Refrigerator
100. Advisable 135. Experience 170. Regular
101. Already 136. Foreseeable 171. Religious
102. Announcement 137. Forfeit 172. Repetition
103. Argue 138. Gallery 173. Service
104. Assembly 139. Guard 174. Solution
105. Associate 140. Guardian 175. Succumb
106. Attendance 141. Guidance 176. Superior
107. Auxiliary 142. Horror 177. Surroundings
108. Boundary 143. Immediately 178. Tongue
109. Cactus 144. Impression 179. Truly
110. Calculate 145. Incidentally 180. Vaccination
111. Campaigns 146. Independent 181. Valediction
112. Career 147. Individual 182. Vehicle
113. Carrier (माल गाड़ी) 148. Intelligence 183. Academic
114. Carry 149. Interrupt 184. Accident
115. Celebration 150. Jewellery 185. Accidentally
116. Chocolate 151. Knight 186. Accompany
117. Column 152. Library 187. Accredited
118. Commentary 153. Location 188. Administration
189. Admission 19. Accent 54. Adjudicate
190. Admissible 20. Acceptable 55. Administration
191. Adulteration 21. Accessibility 56. Administrator
192. Advisory 22. Accident 57. Admiration
193. Allergy 23. Accidentally 58. Admirers
194. Allowance 24. Accommodate 59. Admissible
195. Almighty 25. Accommodation 60. Admission
196. Angel 26. Accommodative 61. Admittance
197. Associate 27. Accompanied 62. Adolescent
198. Assuredly 28. Accompaniment 63. Adopt
199. Autumn 29. Accompany 64. Adrenaline
200. Balloon 30. Accomplishment 65. Adroitness
201. Barricade 31. According 66. Adulterant
32. Accost 67. Adulteration
33. Accountancy 68. Advancements
Random Spelling 34. Accredited 69. Advances
35. Accretion 70. Adventure
1. Abacus
36. Accuracy 71. Adversary
2. Abandoned
37. Aced 72. Advertise
3. Abase
38. Achievement 73. Advertisement
4. Abbreviations
39. Acoustic 74. Advertising
5. Abductor
40. Acquiescence 75. Advice
6. Aberrance
41. Acquittal 76. Advisable
7. Aberrant
42. Activities 77. Advise
8. Abnormality
43. Actually 78. Advisory
9. Aboriginal
44. Actuation 79. Aerodynamic
10. Aboveboard
45. Acumen 80. Aeroplane
11. Abroad
46. Adaptation 81. Aerosol
12. Abscess
47. Added 82. Aestivation
13. Abscission
48. Addiction 83. Affiliation
14. Absent
49. Additional 84. Affirmate
15. Abstinent
50. Address 85. Afforestation
16. Abyssal
51. Addressee 86. After
17. Academic
52. Adequacy 87. Agent
18. Acceleration
53. Adjournment 88. Agincourt
89. Agrarian 124. Alumni 159. Appealing
90. Agreeable 125. Ambient 160. Appeared
91. Agriculture 126. Ambulance 161. Appeasement
92. Ahead 127. Ambush 162. Appended
93. Aidcraft 128. Amendment 163. Appliances
94. Airframe 129. Ammunition 164. Applicable
95. Airlane 130. Amount 165. Application
96. Airplane 131. Amplification 166. Approachable
97. Airplaine 132. Amplified 167. Appropriation
98. Alacritous 133. Analogues 168. Approval
99. Alarmed 134. Analysable 169. Approximate
100. Alerted 135. Ancestors 170. Aqueous
101. Algebra 136. Ancestral 171. Arachis
102. Alighted 137. Anchoring 172. Arbitrates
103. Alignment 138. Aneurysm 173. Archery
104. Alimentary 139. Angel 174. Architect
105. Alkali 140. Angriest 175. Arduous
106. Allegorical 141. Anguish 176. Argue
107. Allergy 142. Animated 177. Ariel
108. Alligator 143. Animation 178. Aristocrat
109. Alliterate 144. Annexations 179. Armature
110. Allopathy 145. Annotate 180. Arrangement
111. Allotment 146. Announcement 181. Arrived
112. Allotted 147. Annoyance 182. Arrogate
113. Allowance 148. Annunciation 183. Artefact
114. Allowed 149. Anonymity 184. Article
115. Almighty 150. Answered 185. Artist
116. Almost 151. Antarctic 186. Artillery
117. Alphabet 152. Antibodies 187. Ascendance
118. Alpine 153. Antics 188. Ascendant
119. Already 154. Antioxidant 189. Ascension
120. Alternate 155. Antiseptic 190. Ascecp
121. Alternative 156. Apparatus 191. Assassinate
122. Although 157. Apparel 192. Assassination
123. Aluminum 158. Apparently 193. Assembly
194. Asserted 229. Awesome 264. Behaving
195. Assessment 230. Awfully 265. Behave
196. Assigned 231. Bagel 266. Beige
197. Assignment 232. Baggage 267. Believe
198. Assimilate 233. Bail 268. Believing
199. Assimilated 234. Bailout 269. Bellowing
200. Assisting 235. Balloon 270. Bellwether
201. Associate 236. Banality 271. Belly
202. Associability 237. Bangle 272. Benison
203. Assurable 238. Banker 273. Benmoaning
204. Assurance 239. Bankruptcies 274. Bench
205. Assure 240. Barbarian 275. Benchmark
206. Assured 241. Barely 276. Benign
207. Assuredly 242. Barrage 277. Bereave
208. Astonished 243. Barricade 278. Bereaving
209. Athlete 244. Bas 279. Berry
210. Athlete's 245. Batch 280. Betray
211. Atmosphere 246. Battalion 281. Bewilders
212. Attendance 247. Beach 282. Bewitched
213. Attendant 248. Bead 283. Biannual
214. Attention 249. Beaker 284. Billion
215. Attitude 250. Beam 285. Binocular
216. Attorney 251. Bear 286. Biopic
217. Attractive 252. Beast 287. Biosphere
218. Auction 253. Beautician 288. Biscuit
219. Augurian 254. Beautifully 289. Biscuits
220. Author 255. Because 290. Bitter
221. Authorities 256. Becoming 291. Black
222. Automated 257. Bedridden 292. Blackboard
223. Automatic 258. Beggar 293. Blade
224. Autumn 259. Beggarly 294. Blandishment
225. Auxiliary 260. Beggars 295. Blandness
226. Available 261. Begin 296. Blare
227. Avoidance 262. Beginner 297. Blessing
228. Awakening 263. Beginning 298. Blind
299. Blizzard 334. Bridging 369. Calendar
300. Blockage 335. Briefcase 370. Calling
301. Blonde 336. Brighten 371. Camera
302. Bloomed 337. Brilliant 372. Campaigns
303. Blossom 338. Brinjal 373. Camphor
304. Boasting 339. Bristle 374. Cancellation
305. Bodily 340. Bristles 375. Canvas
306. Bombshcll 341. Broadcaster 376. Capabilities
307. Bonafide 342. Brochure 377. Captivated
308. Booming 343. Brooch 378. Captivatory
309. Booty 344. Brought 379. Carbonated
310. Boredom 345. Brush 380. Career
311. Borrowing 346. Bubble 381. Care
312. Bothering 347. Budget 382. Caribbean
313. Bouncing 348. Budgetary 383. Carriage
314. Bound 349. Buffett 384. Carrier
315. Boundary 350. Build 385. Carrying
316. Bourgeoisie 351. Building 386. Case
317. Bowlegged 352. Bulls 387. Cassette
318. Bowing 353. Bulletin 388. Caste
319. Bracelet 354. Bullying 389. Castigated
320. Brag 355. Bureau 390. Casualty
321. Brainstorm 356. Bureaucrat 391. Catch
322. Brakes 357. Bureaucratic 392. Category
323. Braking 358. Burlesque 393. Caterpillar
324. Brand 359. Burning 394. Cauliflower
325. Branding 360. Busiest 395. Causauay
326. Brandish 361. Business 396. Cautious
327. Bravado 362. Businessman 397. Cautiously
328. Brawling 363. Butterflies 398. Ceiling
329. Bread 364. Buying 399. Celebrant
330. Breadcase 365. Cabbage 400. Celebrating
331. Breath 366. Cactus 401. Celebration
332. Breathe 367. Cadre 402. Cell
333. Breathes 368. Calculate 403. Century
404. Cereal 439. Circumstances 474. Colonel
405. Ceremony 440. Circumventing 475. Colonize
406. Certainly 441. Circus 476. Column
407. Certainty 442. Citizen 477. Combination
408. Certificate 443. Citizenry 478. Combustian
409. Chains 444. Claims 479. Comedian
410. Challenging 445. Clarify 480. Comfortable
411. Chameleon 446. Classical 481. Commendation
412. Champagne 447. Classicist 482. Commentary
413. Champion 448. Classification 483. Commercially
414. Chancellor 449. Classified 484. Commissariat
415. Chandelier 450. Clattering 485. Commit
416. Changeable 451. Clever 486. Committee
417. Changed 452. Click 487. Commodities
418. Changes 453. Client 488. Communication
419. Channel 454. Climate 489. Communique
420. Characteristic 455. Climbed 490. Community
421. Character 456. Clock 491. Commutable
422. Characters 457. Closure 492. Company
423. Charitable 458. Cloth 493. Comparable
424. Chauffer 459. Clothes 494. Comparison
425. Chemical 460. Clover 495. Compelling
426. Chemist 461. Clown 496. Competition
427. Chemistry 462. Cloving 497. Competitive
428. Children 463. Club 498. Competitor
429. Chirpy 464. Clutch 499. Complacency
430. Chocolate 465. Coadunation 500. Complaisance
431. Cholera 466. Coalescence 501. Complement
432. Choose 467. Coalition 502. Complements
433. Christmas 468. Cognitive 503. Completion
434. Circle 469. Cognizant 504. Components
435. Circuit 470. Collection 505. Composition
436. Circular 471. Collector 506. Comprehension
437. Circulation 472. College 507. Compression
438. Circumference 473. Collide 508. Concentrate
509. Concentrations 544. Considered 579. Convertible
510. Concessions 545. Consignment 580. Convert
511. Conciliatory 546. Consolation 581. Convey
512. Concretely 547. Consolidation 582. Conveyance
513. Concomitant 548. Consonant 583. Convincing
514. Concordant 549. Constipation 584. Cooking
515. Concurrently 550. Constituency 585. Cooperate
516. Concussion 551. Constitute 586. Cooperation
517. Condemnation 552. Constitution 587. Copalately
518. Condensing 553. Construction 588. Corollary
519. Condition 554. Constructive 589. Corporate
520. Condolence 555. Bureau 590. Correction
521. Condom 556. Consumerism 591. Correlative
522. Conduct 557. Consummation 592. Correlate
523. Conductor 558. Contain 593. Correspond
524. Conference 559. Container 594. Correspondent
525. Confide 560. Contents 595. Corresponding
526. Confidently 561. Context 596. Corrigendum
527. Confirm 562. Continent 597. Corrigible
528. Confirmed 563. Continuance 598. Corruption
529. Conflicts 564. Continuation 599. Coterminous
530. Congratulations 565. Continuity 600. Could
531. Congregate 566. Continuous 601. Council
532. Congeries 567. Continuously 602. Councillor
533. Conjectural 568. Contortion 603. Count
534. Conjoined 569. Contortions 604. Countenance
535. Conjugate 570. Contraction 605. Country
536. Conman 571. Contactor 606. Couple
537. Connivance 572. Contradiction 607. Courier
538. Connotation 573. Contradictory 608. Cousin
539. Conscientiousness 574. Contraption 609. Cowardice
540. Conscious 575. Contribution 610. Cowardly
541. Consequences 576. Controversy 611. Cracker
542. Consequentially 577. Controversion 612. Cradle
543. Consideration 578. Conversation 613. Craftsmanship
614. Cramp 649. Curry 684. Deficient
615. Crane 650. Cursor 685. Define
616. Crayon 651. Curve 686. Definitely
617. Cream 652. Curvaceous 687. Definition
618. Create 653. Cushion 688. Deflate
619. Creativity 654. Custard 689. Deforestation
620. Creator 655. Custom 690. Deform
621. Creature 656. Customary 691. Defrauded
622. Credential 657. Customer 692. Deities
623. Cricket 658. Customers 693. Delegation
624. Cricketer 659. Cycle 694. Delible
625. Crime 660. Cylinder 695. Delighted
626. Criminal 661. Dairy 696. Delightful
627. Cringe 662. Dalmatian 697. Deliquescence
628. Criteria 663. Dampness 698. Delirious
629. Criticism 664. Daughter 699. Delivery
630. Crockery 665. Deadline 700. Demeanour
631. Cropping 666. Dealer 701. Demean
632. Croton 667. Dearest 702. Demeanour
633. Crouching 668. Debacle 703. Demonstrated
634. Cruelly 669. Debatable 704. Demonstrations
635. Cruelty 670. Debates 705. Demoralize
636. Crunch 671. Debauchery 706. Dental
637. Crunchy 672. Debtor 707. Depar
638. Crushing 673. Decaffeinated 708. Department
639. Crystal 674. Deceased 709. Dependence
640. Crystallisation 675. Deceived 710. Dependent
641. Cubicle 676. Deceive 711. Depravity
642. Cubic 677. Decision 712. Depression
643. Cuddle 678. Decisive 713. Deprived
644. Cultural 679. Declination 714. Descendant
645. Culture 680. Declivity 715. Describe
646. Cumulative 681. Decorative 716. Deserve
647. Currently 682. Deductions 717. Designated
648. Curriculum 683. Deemed 718. Designed
719. Desires 754. Dictionary
720. Despatch 755. Diesel
721. Despised 756. Dietician
722. Despite 757. Differentiate
723. Despotic 758. Differently
724. Dessert 759. Difficult
725. Destabilised 760. Diffusion
726. Destiny 761. Dignitary
727. Destroyer 762. Diligence
728. Destructible 763. Dilution
729. Detach 764. Dimension
730. Detachment 765. Diminish
731. Detail 766. Diminution
732. Detainees 767. Diminutives
733. Detergent 768. Dining
734. Deteriorate 769. Dinner
735. Deteriorating 770. Direction
736. Determination 771. Dinosaur
737. Deterred 772. Director
738. Deterrent 773. Disabilities
739. Deterring 774. Disallow
740. Develop 775. Disappear
741. Development 776. Disappoint
742. Device
743. Devices
744. Devote
745. Devotion
746. Devour
747. Diabetes
748. Diagonal
749. Dialogue
750. Diamond
751. Diaphragm
752. Diarrhoea
753. Dictate