Ex:5.
Write programs in Java using Servlets:
i. To invoke servlets from HTML forms
ii. Session tracking using hidden form fields and Session tracking
for a hit count
i.To invoke servlets from HTML forms
Aim:
To write programs in Java to invoke servlets from HTML forms
1. Create a directory structure under Tomcat and inside webapps for your
application named directory Servlet_GETMethod.
2. Design index.html file to submit the First and Last name of a user to the servlet
Helloworld.java which was URL name mapped to /welcome (web.xml)by using
HTTP GET method and place it in the directory Servlet_GETMethod.
3. Write the servlet source code in this case HelloForm.java and place it in src
folder. You need to import the javax.servlet package and the javax.servlet.http
package in your source file. Include the code to get the input from index file by
getParameter() method and generate a dynamic html file to print the input
obtained from index file.
4. Compile your source code and place the HelloForm.class inside classes
folder.
5. Create a deployment descriptor web.xml inside WEB-INF. Specify name of the
servlet, class name of servlet and URL name mapping of the servlet as
“/welcome”
6. Set the path variable to “servlet-api.jar” in Tomcat lib. If not there download
and place it.
7. Run Tomcat.
8. Type localhost:8080/ Servlet_GETMethod/ in the browser to fetch the .index
page.
i)
Index.html
<html>
<body>
<h1>EXAMPLE OF SERVLET</h1>
<BR/><BR/>
<form action = "./welcome" method = "GET">
First Name: <input type = "text" name = "first_name">
<br />
Last Name: <input type = "text" name = "last_name" />
<input type = "submit" value = "Submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
HelloForm
// Import required java libraries
import java.io.*;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
// Extend HttpServlet class
public class HelloForm extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Set response content type
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String title = "Using GET Method to Read Form Data";
String docType =
"<!doctype html public \"-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 " + "transitional//en\">\n";
out.println(docType +
"<html>\n" +
"<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n" +
"<body bgcolor = \"#f0f0f0\">\n" +
"<h1 align = \"center\">" + title + "</h1>\n" +
"\n" +
" <b>First Name</b>: "
+ request.getParameter("first_name") + "\n" +
" <b>Last Name</b>: "
+ request.getParameter("last_name") + "\n" +
"\n" +
"</body>" +
"</html>"
);
}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee
https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_6_1.xsd" version="6.1" metadata-
complete="true">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>HelloForm</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name> HelloServlet </servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/welcome</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Output:
Result:
Thus servlet is invoked from HTML forms.
ii.Session tracking using hidden form fields and Session tracking for a hit
count
a)Session tracking using hidden form fields
Aim:
To write programs in Java for Session tracking using hidden
form fields
Algorithm
1. Create a directory structure under Tomcat and inside webapps for your
application named directory Servlet_Hidden_Field1.
2. Create index.html with a form when submitted takes to the first servlet
FirstServlet.java.(url pattern - ="./servlet1) using HTTP GET Method
3. Write the servlet source code in this case FirstServlet.java and place it in src
folder.. Include the code to get the input from index file by getParameter() method.
Store the name in a variable and set it as a default value to an input type-‘hidden’.
Generate a dynamic html file to print the input obtained from index file
4. Write the servlet source code in this case SecondServlet.java and place it in src
folder.. Include the code to get the input from hidden field of FirstServlet.java by
getParameter() method. Generate a dynamic html file to print the input obtained
from FirstServlet.java.
5. Compile your source code and place the class files of FirstServlet.java and
SecondServlet.java and inside classes folder
6.Create a deployment descriptor web.xml inside WEB-INF. Specify name of the
servlets, class name of servlets and URL name mapping of the servlet as “/servlet1”
and “/servlet2”
7. Set the path variable to “servlet-api.jar” in Tomcat lib. If not there download
and place it.
8. Run Tomcat.
9.Type localhost:8080/ Servlet_Hidden_Field1/ in the browser to fetch the
.index page.
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<body>
<center>
<h2>Click the Submit button to check the hidden field</h2>
<form action="./servlet1" method="GET">
Name:<input type="text" name="userName"/>
<br/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="Go"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
FirstServlet.java
import java.io.*;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
try{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String n=request.getParameter("userName");
out.print("Welcome "+n);
//creating form that have invisible textfield
out.print("<form action='servlet2'>");
out.print("<input type='hidden' name='hiddenfield' value='"+n+"'>");
out.print("<input type='submit' value='Submit'>");
out.print("</form>");
out.close();
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}
SecondServlet.java
import java.io.*;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
public class SecondServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
try{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
//Getting the value from the hidden field
String n=request.getParameter("hiddenfield");
out.print("Hello "+n);
out.close();
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee
https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_6_1.xsd"
version="6.1" metadata-complete="true">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>s1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>FirstServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>s1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>FirstServlet</servlet-class>
<url-pattern>/servlet1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>s2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>SecondServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>s2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Output:
Result:
Thus the servlet for session tracking using hidden fields is executed.
b) Session tracking for a hit count
Aim:
To write programs in Java for Session tracking using Hit Count.
Algorithm
1. Create a directory structure under Tomcat and inside webapps for your
application named directory Servlet_Session_Tracking1.
2. Write the servlet source code in this case PageHitCounter.java and place it in src
folder. Include the code to initialize a counter variable as zero in init()method.
Increment the counter variable to 1 in doGet() method. Generate a dynamic html file
to print the value of counter variable.
3. Compile your source code and place the class files of PageHitCounter.java and
SecondServlet.java and inside classes folder
6.Create a deployment descriptor web.xml inside WEB-INF. Specify name of the
servlets, class name of servlets and URL name mapping of the servlet as
“/PageHitCounter”.
7. Set the path variable to “servlet-api.jar” in Tomcat lib. If not there download
and place it.
8. Run Tomcat.
9.Type “localhost:8080/ Servlet_Session_Tracking1/ PageHitCounter” in the
browser to run the Servlet.
10.Whenver the page gets refreshed the counter variable gets incremented by
count 1.
PageHitCounter.java
import java.io.*;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class PageHitCounter extends HttpServlet {
private int hitCount;
public void init() {
// Reset hit counter.
hitCount = 0;
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Set response content type
response.setContentType("text/html");
// This method executes whenever the servlet is hit
// increment hitCount
hitCount++;
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String title = "Total Number of Hits";
String docType = "<!doctype html public \"-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 " +
"transitional//en\">\n";
out.println(docType +
"<html>" +"\n"+
"<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>"+"\n" +
"<body bgcolor = \"#f0f0f0\">"+"\n" +
"<h1 align = \"center\">" + title + "</h1>"+"\n" +
"<h2 align = \"center\">" + hitCount + "</h2>"+"\n" +
"</body>"+"\n"+
"</html>"
);
}
public void destroy() {
// This is optional step but if you like you
// can write hitCount value in your database.
}
}
web.xml
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>PageHitCounter</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>PageHitCounter</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>PageHitCounter</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/PageHitCounter</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Output:
Result:
Thus the servlet for session tracking Page Hit Counter is executed.
