Moon English Private Zone
MD. MENHAJUL ISLAM MOON
(BA (Hons), MA in English)
Contact: 017711-90177
Email:menhajulislammoon740@gmail.com
Modifier
Modifier: বােক র মেধ কােনা িকছর যৗ ক পিরবতনেকই Modifier বেল। Modifier মূলত দুই
কার____ Pre-modifier and Postmodifier.
Pre-modifier: Noun, Adjective, Verb ও Adverb-এর পূেব বেস য পিরবতন সািধত হয় তােক Pre-
modifier বেল।
Himel is a (a) ___ (pre-modify the noun) student.
She is profession by a doctor who is (b) ___ (pre-modify the adjective) generous.
Ronaldo (c) ___ (pre-modify the verb) do exercise more than two hours a day.
They always speak (d) ___ (pre-modify the adverb) slowly in public place.
(a) studious (b) very (c) daily (d) very
Post-modifier: Verb ও Adverb-এর পের বেস য পিরবতন সািধত হয় তােক Postmodifier বেল।
Actually, she walks (a) ___ (postmodify the verb) at a stretch during morning hours.
Mr. William always behaves his wife well (b) ___ (postmodify the adverb).
(a) regularly (b) enough
Use of Pre-modifiers
Rule-01: Determiner as Pre-modifier: সকল Determiners, Noun-এর পূেব বেস Pre-modifier এর
মত কাজ কের।
a) Article: (a, an, the)
b) Demonstrative: (this, these, that, those)
c) Possessive Adjective: (my, our, your, his, her, their, its, Jakir’s)
d) Numeral Adjective: (one, two, three, four…)
e) Quantifiers: (many, more, much, any, both, each, either, no, some, all, every, few,
a few, little, a little etc.)
Bangladesh is (a) ___ (pre-modify the noun with an article) riverine country in the
entire world.
(b) ___ (pre-modify the noun with a demonstrative) phone is of a giant company,
Apple.
Rakib is a boy of well behaviours who lost (c) ___ (pre-modify the noun with a
possessive) mother last year.
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There are (d) __ (pre-modify the noun with a numeral) researchers inside the lab.
(e) __ (pre-modify the noun with a quantifier) human being will pass away today or
tomorrow.
(a) a (b) this (c) his (d) five (e) every
Rule-02: Adjective as Pre-modifier: Attributive Adjective, Noun-এর পূেব বেস Pre-modifier
এর মত কাজ কের।
An (a) ___ (pre-modify the noun) man always lag behind.
Every human being should learn humanity from a (b) ___ (pre-modify the noun)
woman like Mother Teresha.
(a) idle (b) generous
Rule-03: Adverb as Pre-modifier: Adjective, Verb ও Adverb-এর পূেব বেস Pre-modifier এর
মত কাজ কের।
Excuse me. I am (a) ___ (use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) sorry to you.
A number of boys (b) __ (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) vex me on the way
of going to college.
The speaker was being sounded (c) ___ (use an adverb to pre-modify the adverb)
loudly.
(a) extremly (b) often (c) very
Rule-04: Noun-Adjective as Pre-modifier: এক ট Noun যখন অন আর এক ট Noun-এর পূেব বেস
তখন তা মূলত Pre-modifier এর মত কাজ কের।
We all are going to watch the (a) ___ (pre-modify the noun with a noun-adjective)
match of Bangladesh and Australia tomorrow.
Next month, I will require an (b) ___ (pre-modify the noun with a noun-adjective)
ticket of Dhaka to Dubai route.
(a) cricket (b) air
Rule-05: Present Participle as Pre-modifier: Present Participle মূলত Adjective-এর মত
ব ব ত হয়, তেব তা Pre-modifier এর মত কাজ কের।
No one should bother a (a) ___ (use present participle to pre-modify the noun) child.
I saw a flock of (b) ___ (use present participle to pre-modify the noun) birds in the
sky.
(a) sleeping (b) flying
Rule-06: Past Participle as Pre-modifier: Past Participle মূলত Adjective-এর মত ব ব ত হয়,
তেব তা Pre-modifier এর মত কাজ কের।
To be honest, we should not drink (a) ___ (use past participle to pre-modify the
noun) water at all.
Most of the parents of Bangladesh are usually looking for an (b) ___ (use past
participle to pre-modify the noun) groom for their daughters.
(a) polluted (b) established
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Rule-07: Intensifier মূলত Adverb যা বােক র অথ জারদার কের। Intensifier সাধারণত Adjective ও
Adverb এর পূেব বেস।
You are (a) ___ (use intensifier) right in this regard.
The story of Mr. William is (b) ___ (use intensifier) interesting.
(a) absolutely (b) very
Words of Intensifiers: actually, truly, really, certainly, surely, exactly, absolutely, definitely,
totally, entirely, wholly, fully, thoroughly, extremely, perfectly, highly, quite, too, so, very,
much etc.
Rule-08: Downtoner মূলত Adverb যা বােক র অথ াস কের। Downtoner সাধারণত Adjective ও
Adverb এর পূেব বেস।
His decision is (a) ___ (use downtoner) wrong.
Habib is a very meritorious student who is (b) ___ (use downtoner) lazy.
(a) slightly (b) hardly
Words of Downtoners: slightly, gradually, partly, partially, hardly, barely, rarely, scarcely,
merely, seldom, almost, nearly, about, approximately, a little, a bit, a few etc.
Use of Post-modifiers
Rule-01: Infinitive/Infinitive Phrase (To + V1/To + V1 + Others) মূলত Postmodifier িহেসেব
কাজ কের। তেব িবেশেষ Pre-modifierও হেত পাের।
Mariya went to the book fair (a) ___ (use infinitive to post modify the verb) different
types of books.
We have to exercise regularly in the morning (b) ___ (use infinitive phrase to post
modify the verb).
(c) ___ (use infinitive phrase to pre-modify the verb) can cause of cancer.
(a) to purchase (b) to keep fit (c) to smoke regularly
Rule-02: Adverb as Post modifier: এই Adverb িল মূলত Verb এর পর বেস Postmodifier
িহেসেব কাজ কের।
Usain Bolt is a Jamaican who runs (a) ___ (post modify the verb).
Nobody believes the liar figures because they tell (b) ___ (post modify the verb) lies.
(a) fast (b) always
Rule-03: Present Participle Phrase (V1+ing + Others) মূলত Noun এর পর বেস Postmodifier
িহেসেব কাজ কের।
A student (a) ___ (use present participle) should not be bothered at all.
Yesterday I saw a blind man (b) ___ (use present participle) the busy road alone.
(a) studying in the library (b) crossing
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Rule-04: Past Participle Phrase (V3 + Others) মূলত Noun এর পর বেস Postmodifier িহেসেব
কাজ কের।
I had got a book (a) ___ (use past participle) on my previous birthday.
The students of Bangladesh (b) ___ (use past participle) were admitted in many more
hospitals to get prompt treatments.
(a) written by W.B. Yeats (b) wounded on 5th August
Rule-05: Perfect Participle Phrase (Having + V3 + Others) সাধারণত বােক র েত বা শেষ
বসেত পাের।
(a) ___ (use Perfect Participle Phrase), I started to come back home.
They will have lunch (b) ___ (use Perfect Participle Phrase).
(a) Having finished my responsibility (b) having joined their boss
Rule-06: Appositives (Adjectival Phrase) মূলত Noun স েক অিতির তথ দান কের।
Dr. Muhammad Yunus (a) ___ (use appositives) is the only Nobel Laureate of
Bangladesh.
To be honest, everybody knows Shah Rukh Khan (b) ___ (use appositives).
(a) proponent of Micro Credit (b) actor of Bollywood/Owner of the RCE
Rule-07: Relative Clause [WH-words + (Subject) + Verb + Others] মূলত Noun স েক
অিতির তথ দান কের Postmodifier িহেসেব কাজ কের।
The man (a) ___ (use relative clause) is profession by an active thief.
This is the laptop (b) ___ (use relative clause) last year.
(a) whom I know since my childhood (b) which I lost
