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TARGET ACADEMY, NASHIK

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STUDY MATERIAL
Chemistry : Chemical Bonding
INTRODUCTION, KOSSEL AND LEWIS  Atom must be contains unpaired electrons.
APPROACH TO CHEMICAL BONDING • Octet rule : In the formation of a chemical bond atoms

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of an element can gain lose or share electrons, sothat
 The force of attraction which holds the two atoms . or
it achieve the stable configuration like inert element.
ions together in a molecule is called as chemical bond.

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• Types of chemical bonds :
 A chemical bond is atomic attraction which holds the
two atoms together. (i) Ionic Bond or Etectrovalent bond : An electrostatic
force of attraction between the oppositely charged

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 Atoms of an elements have an unpaired electrons,
ions called as ionic bond.
thus they are highly unstable.
 It is bond formed due to transfer of an electron from
 To achieve more stability with minimum energy
one atom to another atom.
atoms can form chemical bond.
Y,
 e.g. NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 NaBr etc.
 Inert elements are stable due to the completeness of
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the octet. Hence every element try to complete octet  Compounds of I and II group element like
and try to becomes stable like inert element. Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba
 Inert elements in periodic table like He, Ne, Ar, Kr, with Cl, Br, F, O, N, S, P are ionic in the nature.
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Xe and Rn are stable. Their octet is complete.

 In formation of ionic bond, energy release or required
 Remaining elements in periodic table are unstable is called as crystal lattice enthalpy or energy.
they are try to becomes stable like inert elements. They
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have unpaired electrons, thus they can be form Energy required to separate one mole of solid ionic
chemical bond. compound into gases components OR energy released
to form one mole of ionic solid from their gases ions
 The chemical bonds are ionic, covalent, coordinate etc. is called as crystal lattice energy.
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• Chemical bond : It is a force attraction by which two  Crystal lattice enthalpy for NaCl is -788 kj Mol–1 or
or more atoms or ions are hold together. 788 kJ Mol-1 energy required to separate 1 mole NaCl
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i.e. Force which holds the atoms together in a molecule into Na+(g) and Cl– ions.
is called as chemical bond.  Higher the charge on cation higher the lattice energy
 Thus, to achieve the stability of the atom with e.g. AlCl3 > BaCl2 > NaCl.
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minimum energy and to get configuration like inert  As size of cation decreases, lattice energy increases.
elements, atoms of an elements combines together to LiF > NaF > KF
form a chemical bond.
 If the difference in electronegativity of two atoms
• Kossel and Lewis approach to chemical bond. more than 1.7 strong covalent bond is formed.
 Kossel and Lewis, proposed electronic theory of • Covalent bond: A bond formed due to equal sharing
valence to explain chemical bond. of an electrons between two atoms is called as covalent
 Only unpaired or valence electrons in an atom take bond.
part in the bond formation.  In mutual shearing of an electrons two atoms may
 Atoms of an elements can gain, lose or shear electrons have same or nearly same electronegativities value.
to complete their octet  Each bond forms one electron pair. Covalent bond
 Thus atom have complete electronic configuration like may be single, double or triple.
inert elements.
Page No.1
 Energy released called as potential energy.
 e.g. H2, O2, N2, H2O, CCl4, HCl etc.
e.g.
• Lewis dot and dash structure:
Steps :
(1) Count and add total number of valence electrons of 1
each atom in a molecule. (1) Formal charge on (I) oxygen = 6 – 6 – × 2 = –1
2
(2) Subtract one electron for each positive charge and add
one electron for each negative charjl present on ion
1
from total number of electrons. (2) Formal charge on (III) oxygen = 6 – 6 – ×2
2
(3) Write skeletal structure of molecule in which least
electronegative atom, is written of aft element in = –1
central position.
(4) Place one electron pair between each tWo atoms 1

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(3) Formal charge on (II) oxygen = 6 – 4 – 4 =0
indicate forming single bonds. The remaining electron 2
pair are used either multiple bonds as double bond

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or triple bonds 0 or for lone pairs of electrons in 1
molecule. (4) Formal charge on C atom = 4 – 0 – 8 × =0
2
e.g.

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• In adequacies of the octet rule OR Limitations of
the octet rule

(1) Incomplete octet molecules : Molecules in which

central atom have less than 8 electrons then they are
Y,
stable.
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e.g. BaCl2, BeF2, BH3, AlCl3, AlBr3 etc.

(2) Expanded octet molecules : Molecules in which

central atom have more than 8 electrons then they are
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stable.

e.g. PCl5, SF5, IF7, OSF8, H2SO4 etc.

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(3) Octet rule cannot explain energy and reactivity of the

molecule.

(4) Geometry and shape of molecule cannot explain.

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Total no. of electrons = 32 e–

(5) Odd electron species like NO (nitric oxide) and N02
• Formal charges: (nitrogen dioxide), N and oxygen does not satisfies
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octet rule, they have odd number of electrons in NO

(9e–) and in NO2 (13 e–)

• Bond parameters:
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(1) Bond energy or enthalpy

 It is average amount of energy required in kJ/Mol to

break a particular bond in a polyatomic molecule to
form free gaseous atoms or radicals.

 For di-atomic molecules, bond formation energy may

Total number of non bonding or lone pair electrons
be positive or negative value. But bond dissociation
energy is always positive value.
B.E.
F.C  V.E.  N.E. 
2 H2(g)  2H(g) H = 435.8 kJ/mole

H2(g)  H2(g) H = -435.8 kJ/mole

Page No.2
 For polyatomic molecules bond formation and bond  Bond length depends upon size of atoms, no. of bonds
dissociation energy have different values. between two atoms.
e.g. H2O(g)  2H(g) + O(g) H = 464.5 kJ/mol  Bond length increases, size of atoms increases.
It is obtained as,  Bond length decreases with the increase in the
multiplicity of bonds.
H2O(g)  OH(g) + H(g) H = 502 kJ
 Bond length expressed in Pm or A°.
OH(g)  O(g) + H(g) H = 427 kJ
(3) Bond angle : Bond angle decides the geometry of the
502  427 molecule.
Average bond energy =
2 Bond angle expressed in degree (°) minutes(‘) and
seconds (“).
= 464.5 kJ/mol
e.g. bond angle between H–C–H is 109°.281
 Bond dissociation energy called as bond energy.
(4) Bond order : Number of bonds between two atoms is
 Bond energy of triple bond > double bond > single
called as bond order.

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bond.
 Bond order increases bond enthalpy increases and
e.g. Bond energy of
bond length decreases.

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N2 > O2 > H2
 Stability of molecule can be determined by knowing
946 kJ > 498 kJ > 435.8kJ/mole respectively. the bond order.

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 As atomic size of overlapping atoms increases bond (5) Resonance : There are more than one possible
enthalpy decreases. arrangement of electrons in a molecule in lewis
structure called as resonance.
 Number of bonds between two atoms increases bond
energy increases. The different structures are called canonical forms.
Y,
Actual structure is combination of all canonical forms.
C  C>C=C>C–C
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 Bond enthalpy 839.9 kj > 614.7 kj > 348.4 kj/ mole
Average bond energy (kJ/Mol) e.g.
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Total bond energy


No. of bonds Canonical forms of O3 molecule.
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 Average amount of energy required to break one mole

of bond between two atoms in a gaseous state. For
dia-atomic molecule
(–) Bond formation E = Bond dissociating E. (III) Resonance hybrid of 03 molecules.
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 For polyatomic molecules • Resonance energy : Difference in energy of a stable

contributing structure and the resonating forms. It is
Bond formation and bond dissociation E are posses
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called as resonance energy.

different values. But bond dissociation energy is
always endothermic reaction.  Energy of resonance hybrid structure is less than it’s
any canonical form.
 Larger the atomic size, lesser the extent of.
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overlapping thus lower the bond enthalpy.  Resonance stabilizes polyatomic molecule or ion.

C – C < C = C < C = C bond enthalpy values.  Resonating forms contributes overall bonding
characters in a molecule.
Total bond energy  e.g. (III) Resonance hybrid of O3 have less energy than
Average bond  kJ mol 1
no of bonds (I) and (II) canonical forms.
• Covalent character of ionic compounds
(2) Bond length : It is an equilibrium distance between
nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule.  Many of the ionic compound possess partial ionic
character.
 For covalent bond covalent radius for inert atom
Vander Waal’s radius by which bond lengths is  e.g. LiCl is ionic but highly soluble in organic solvent
calculated. then water. CuCl 2 is more covalent then ionic
compounds.

Page No.3
 Due to the polarization of an ion by cation, partial  Difference in electronegativity of two atom increases
covalent character developed in a molecule. dipole moment increases.
 Extent of polarizations in an ionic compound explain e.g. HF have higher dipole moment than HCl.
by Fajan’s rule.
 Dipole moment of linear molecules like BeF2, CO2 is
• Fajan’s rule : zero.
(1) The smaller the size of cation and larger the size of  BF3 have zero dipole moment.
anion, greater the covalent character in ionic
 NH3 and NF3 have pyramidal geometry but dipole
compound.
moment of NH3 is higher than NF3 molecule. Dipole
e.g. Li+Cl– is more covalent then Na+Cl–. moment decides the geometry of the molecule.
(2) Greater the charge on cation more the covalent • Valence bond theory (VBT)
character.
VBT explain the formation of a covalent bond.
e.g. Al+3(Cl–)3 > Mg+2(Cl–)2 > Na+Cl– According to VBT.
 Outer electronic configuration of element s2, p6, d10 1) In the covalent bond formation, half filled atomic

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involvement have more covalent character then s2, p6 orbital of one atom overlaps with half filled atomic
configuration. orbital of another atom.

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e.g. Cu+ Cl– is more covalent then Na+Cl–. 2) Each overlapping atomic orbitals must contains an
unpaired electron with opposite spin.
Cu+ 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d involve (s, p, d) orbital but in
2 2 6 2 6 10

Na+ ls22s22p6 involvement of s, p orbitals. Thus CuCl2 3) Overlapping orbitals at an atom should have same or

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is more covalent than NaCl. nearly same energy.
• Ionic character of covalent compound 4) During overlapping spin of electron neutralize,
electrons are paired.
 Covalent bond are formed by the same
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electronegative element or difference in 5) A stable bond is formed with minimum potential
electronegativity is zero called as a nonpolar covalent energy and minimum bond distance between two
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bond or compound, e.g. H2, Cl2, F2, N2,I2, Br2 etc. atoms.
 A covalent bond are formed between two different 6) Strength of covalent bond depends upon extent of
electronegative elements is called as polar covalent overlapping, but complete merging of two atom is not
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bond. possible.
 Then the sheared electron pair is shifted to the more 7) Covalent bond have a particular direction with
electronegative element, thus it acquire partial particular geometry.
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negative charge and other element get partial positive

8) The number of unpaired electrons in atom is equal to
charge.
no. of covalent bond formed.
 It is polar covalent bond. Thus covalent molecules in
9) Covalent molecule have definite geometry.
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two positive or negative poles are formed indicates

Overlapping atomic orbitals are oriented in the given
ionic character.
space such that they have minimum repulsion and
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 Difference in electronegativity increases ionic or polar maximum symmetry.

character increases.
• Nature of interacting forces
HF > HC1 > HBr > HI
When two atoms closed to each other to form a bond.
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e.g. HF, HCl, HBr, O-H, etc. are polar bonds. These types of forces are exists.
• Dipole moment : () i) Repulsive force between nuclei and two atoms.
 It is a product of magnitude of two charges and, ii) Repulsive force between valence electron of two
distance separated by two atoms. atoms.

  Qr iii) Attractive force between nuclei of first and electron

of second atom vice versa.
 It is expressed in Debye (D) or CM.
 When attractive forces are dominate then repulsive
1D = 3.33564 × 10–30 Cm. force, then stable bond is formed.


  Formation of H2 molecule explain by VBT. RE for H2
 Dipole moment represented as HF molecule is – 436 kJ/mol and bond distance between
H - H is 0.74 A°. It is explained by RE. cure.

Page No.4
• Overlap of atomic orbitals: (1) Formation of the excited state:

By using s and p, orbitals there are three types of It is not a necessary condition of hybridizations. It
overlaps. required number of unpaired electrons are not present
in ground state, one or more electrons promoted to
(1) s-s overlap : e.g. H2(g) Half filled 1 s orbital of H atom nearest empty orbitals.
overlaps with half filled 1 s atomic orbital of another
H atom with opposite spin. (2) Mixing and recasting of atomic orbitals:
It is important step in hybridization. Atomic orbitals
of a atom are mixed together and reconstructed such
that, newly formed hybrid orbitals have equal energy,
same geometry and definite orientations.
(3) Reorientation of atomic orbitals:
(2) s-p overlaps : e.g. HCl, HF, HBr, HI.
Hybrid orbitals are reoriented with minimum
Half filled S, orbital of H overlaps with half filled ‘2p2’ repulsion and maximum symmetry.
orbital of another atom.

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(4) Orbitals of a one atom used for hybridisation.
(5) Orbitals used for Hybridisation should have same or

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nearly same energy.
 The structure of any molecule can be predicted on
the basis of hybridisation.

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(3) p-p overlaps : e.g. F2, Cl2, Br2 O2, N2 etc. Half filled p
orbital of one atom overlaps with Half filled ‘p’ orbital 1
H= [V + M + A – C]
of another atom. Y, 2

V = no. of valence electron in atom.

M = no. of monovalent atoms bonded.
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A = Charge on anion
C = Charge on cation
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Value of H 2 3 4 5 6 7
• Limitation of valence bond theory: Hybridisation sp sp 2
sp 3 3 3 2
sp d sp d sp3d3
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(1) VBT can not explain correct valency of Be, B C etc.

 Hybridisation can be calculated as
 4
Be ls22s2 no unpaired electrons, but actually Be forms
divalent compounds (Be 1s2 2s1 2px1) like BeF2, BeH2 (1) CIF3
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etc.
1 1
 B ls22s22px1 is monovalent but it forms trivalent H= (7 + 3 + 0 – 0) = × 10 = 5
5 2 2
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compounds like BCl3, BF3, BH3, etc.

5 hybrid orbitals  sp3 d hybridisation
 (5B1s22s12px12py1)
(2) SO2
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 C 1s22s22px12py1 it forms tetravalent compounds like

6
CH4, CC14 etc. (6C 1s22s12px12py12pz1) 1
H= (6 + 0 + 0 – 0) = 3  sp2 hybridisation
(2) VBT can not explain correct geometry and bond angle, 2
similarly bond equivalence. To explain these facts, (3) COCl2
hybridization its is important.

• Hybridizations: 1
H= (4 + 2 + 0 – 0) = 3  sp2 hybridisation
2
 Mixing and recasting of the atomic orbitals of a atom
to form equal number of new hybrid orbitals with (4) SO42–
equal energy, same geometry and definite orientation.
1
 Steps involved in hybridizations H= (6+ 0 + 0 – 0) = 4 sp3 hybridisation
2

Page No.5
(5) For complex ions like [CO(NH 3)6]+2, [PtF6]–2, [Ni(NH3)4Cl2] hybridisation is calculated by counting ligands in the
coordination sphere.
 Depending upon the number of lone pair and bond airs of electrons, molecules are represented as AB2F;
Where - A  Central atom B  Bonded atoms C  Lone pair of electrons

Molecule Type No. of No. of Bond angle Geometry Examples

Lone pairs bonding pair

AB2E 1 2 119°.31 bent SO2, O3

AB3E 1 3 107°. 181 Trigonal / Pyramidal NH, PCl3

AB2E2 2 2 104°.5° Bent/angular H2O, of2,H2S, SCl2 etc.

AB4E 1 4 - See saw SF4

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AB3E2 2 3 86.02° T-shape ClF3, BrF3 ICl3 etc.

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AB5E 1 5 - Square Pyramid BrF5, IF5

AB4E2 2 4 - Square Planer XeF4

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CH4 Sp3 4 - 109P.281 Tetrahydral

NH3 sp3 3 1 107°.181 Pyramidaldistorted

(Tetrahydral)
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H2 O sp3 2 2 104°.351 Inverted V shaped
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(Tetrahydral
distorted)
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C2H4 SP2 3 - 120° Trigonal 4C-

H()bonds 1 C=H()
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BF3 sp2 3 - 120° Trigonal planer

C2H2 sp 2 - 180° Linear,diagonal2C-

H()bonds
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2C=H()bonds
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BeF2 sp 2 - 180° Linear

PCl5sbfs sp3d 5 - 90° and 120° trigonalbipyramidal

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AsF5SF6, Sp3d2 6 - 90° Octahydral

TeF6,SeF5

1 Characteristics of hybridisation
(1) Atomic orbitals of the same atom can take part in hybridisation, they have same or nearly same energy.
(2) Number atomic orbitals used for hybridisation equal to number of hybrid orbitals formed.
(3) Hybrid orbitals formed strong covalent bond then pure atomic orbitals.
(4) Hybrid orbitals arranged with minimum repulsion and maximum symmetry with definte bond angle.
(5) Orbitals used for the hybridization of a one atom:
(6) Hybrid orbitals can form sigma () and () bonds. , AB3F, AB2E2 etc.With definite bond angle.
It have definite geometry.

Page No.6
 Sigma () bond Pi () bond
1. The bond formed by axial overlapping 1. The bond formed by lateral overlapping of atomic of
of atomic orbitals orbitals.
2. Electron density deposited at the centre 2. Electron density distributed above and* below the plane
of two nuclei. of geometry.
3. It is a strong bond. 3. It is a weak bond.
4. It involves s and p. 4. It involves only p orbital
5. More amount of energy released or required 5. Less amount of energy released or required.
6. It have a particular direction 6. It have no any direction

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Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory  IF 7  Pentagonal bipyramidal geometry (sp 3d 3
(VSEPR) hybridisation)
Electron pair arrange with minimum repulsion

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 • Limitations of V.B.X:
between them.
(i) VBT cannot explain formation of co-ordinate bond.
 Molecule acquired minimum energy and maximum In sheared electron pair from one of the element.

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stability.
(ii) O2 molecule expected to diamagnetic in nature but
 Lone pair of electron useful to determine geometry actually is paramagnetic it is unexplained.
of molecule.
(iii) Bonding in electron deficient molecules in which
(4) Repulsion force in bond pair (B.P) and lone pair (L.R)
Y,
central atom have less than eight electron e.g. B2H6
in order as L-P-LP > LP-BP > BP-BP unexplained.
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• NH3 molecule : • Molecular orbital theory (MOT):
 It is an example of sp hybridisation.
3
 It is given by Hund and Mulliken
Out of 4 sp hybrid orbitals one lone pair and three
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3
  The electrons in a molecule are present in the various
bond pair orbitals. molecular orbitals.
Repulsion between BP-LP > BP-BP orbitals  Atomic orbitals with same or comparable energy and
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 Due to effect of one L.R bond angle in ammonia proper symmetry combines to form molecular
decreases 109°.281 to 107°.181. orbitals.

 Geometry of a NH3 molecule charges tetrahydral to e.g. 2s orbital combines with 2pz orbital but not with
2px or 2py because symmetry is not same.
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the pyramidal.
 Lone pair is present at the top of the pyramid and  Molecular orbitals are influenced by more than one
Bond pair are the bottom of the pyramid. nuclei, i.e. they are polycentric.
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• H2O molecule :  Number of combining atomic orbitals equal to

number of molecular orbitals formed.
 It is an example of sp3 hybridisation of oxygen, atom.
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4,sp3 hybrid orbitals, 2 are lone pair and 2 B.P orbitals.  Bonding M.O. have more energy and stability as
compared to anti-bonding M.O.
 Due to effect two L.P bond angle decrease 109°.281 to
1070.351.  The M.O. gives electron probability distribution
around a group of nuclei in a molecule.
 Repulsion between LP-LP > LP-BP > BP-BP
 M.O. follows Aufban principle, Pauli’s exclusion
 Geometry of molecule is inverted V shaped i.e. principle and Hund’s rule.
distorted tetrahydral.
 Linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) gives
 Similar type examples as CIF3, BrF5, SbF5, PX3 etc. bonding M.O. and anti-bonding M.O. addition or
 CIF3 T shaped  trigonal bipyramidal geometry substraction of wave functions.
(sp3d hybridisation)  Only two electrons occupy each M.O. and they have
 BrF 5  Regular octahedron geometry (sp 3 d 2 opposite spins that is their spires are paired.
hybridisation)

Page No.7
 The increasing order of energy of various M.O. for 02 Species Bond order Species Bondorder
and F2 are
H2 + 0.5 CN 2.5
1s < 6x1s < 2s < x2s < 2pz < 2px2py <2px= x2py
< x2p2 H2 – 0.5 CN– 3.0
 For the molecules Li2, Be2, B2, C2, N2, increasing order
of energies of various M.O. is N2 + 2.5 CN+ 2.0

1s< x1s < 2s < x2s < 2px= 2py < x2py < x2px = = N2 – 2.5 NO 2.5
x2py < x2pz
 Energy of 2pz M.O. is higher than 2XX and 2py M.O. O2 + 2.5 NO+ 3.0

• Factors for M.O. O2 – 1.5 CO 3.0

(1) Stability of molecule
O22– 1.0
If Nb = no. of electrons present in bonding Na = no. of
electrons in anti-bonding molecular orbitals. Ne 0.0

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then if • Atomic orbitals are monocentric, but M.O. are poly
Nb > Na Stable molecule centric

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Nb < Na unstable molecule • Order of bond lengths
O22– > O2– > O2 > O2 , N22– > N2– = N2+ > N2

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1
(2) Bond order =  (Nb – Na) • Stability and bond dissociation energies are
2
(1) O2+ > O2 > O2– > O2–2
If Bond order positive  stable molecule
(2) N2 > N2+ = N2– > N2–2
Y,
Bond order zero or negative -» unstable molecule If
Bond order 1,2,3 indicates single, double, triple bond.
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(3) Bond length : Bond length increases bond order

decreases.
(4) Magnetic nature : If molecule contains paired
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electrons or no unpaired electrons it is diamagnetic.

If molecule contains unpaired electrons it is
paramagnetic in nature.
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(5) Formation of a molecule when bond order greater

than zero.
(6) Higher the bond order higher bond dissociation
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energy.

Molecule Bond order Magnetic nature

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H2 1 diamagnetic

He2 0 diamagnetic
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Li2 1 diamagnetic

Be2 0 diamagnetic

F2 1 diamagnetic

C2 2 diamagnetic

N2 3 diamagnetic

B2 1 paramagnetic

O2 2 paramagnetic

Page No.8
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION 09. The electron dot structure of water molecule is
molecule is _______
01. The force, which holds ions together in an ionic bond,
is _______ . (• is electron from hydrogen and ‘×’ is electron from
oxygen)
(1) van der Waal’s force
(2) dipole-dipole attraction force (1) (2)

(3) electrostatic force of attraction

(3) (4)
(4) hydrogen bonding
10. If X = Total number of valence electrons in free atom,
02. The bond between calcium and chlorine in CaCl2 is Y = Total number of nonbonding or lone pairs of
_______ . electrons and Z = Total number of bonding or shared
(1) ionic (2) covalent electrons, then the CORRECT formula to calculate
formal charge on an atom is:
(3) coordinate (4) metallic
(1) F.C. = X + Y – (Z/2) (2) F.C. = X – Y – (Z/2)

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03. Which of the following is an ionic solid?
(3) F.C. = X – Y + (Z/2) (4) F.C. = X – (Y/2) – (Z/2)
(1) NaCl (2) NH3

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11. The formal charges on the oxygen atoms in an ozone
(3) C2H6 (4) CH4 molecule, from left to right, are _______ respectively.
04. Ionic bonds are usually formed by combination of

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elements with _______ .
(1) high ionization enthalpy and low negative value
of electron gain enthalpy Y,
(2) low ionization enthalpy and high negative value
of electron gain enthalpy
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(1) +1, 0, –1 (2) 0, +1, –1
(3) high ionization enthalpy and high negative
value of electron gain enthalpy (3) –1, 0, + 1 (4) 0, –1, +1
(4) low ionization enthalpy and low negative value 12. Which of the following compounds is having an
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of electron gain enthalpy expanded octet?

05. The energy required to completely separate one mole (1) AlCl3 (2) CCU
of a solid ionic compound into gaseous constituent
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(3) PCl5 (4) BF3

ions is _______ .
13. Which of the following molecules does NOT contain
(1) bond enthalpy (2) solvation energy a lone pair of electrons on the central atom?
(3) hydration enthalpy (4) lattice enthalpy
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(1) NH3 (2) H2O

06. The CORRECT sequence of increasing lattice (3) PF5 (4) ClF3
enthalpy in following is _______ .
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14. Which of the following molecules have a T-shape?

(1) LiF < NaF < KF (2) NaF < KF < LiF
(1) CIF3 (2) H2O
(3) NaF < KF < LiF (4) KF < NaF < LiF
(3) PCl5 (4) CO2
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07. The attractive force which exists due to the mutual

sharing of electrons between the two atoms of similar 15. SF4 has _______ shape.
electronegativity or having small difference in (1) see saw (2) square planar
electronegativities is called a _______ .
(3) angular (4) tetrahedral
(1) ionic (2) covalent
16. The structure of PF5 molecule is _______ .
(3) metallic (4) co-ordinate
(1) tetrahedral
08. Which of the following Lewis symbols is
(2) trigonal bipyramidal
INCORRECT?
(3) square planar
(1) (2)
(4) pentagonal bipyramidal

(3) (4)

Page No.9
17. F-S-F bond angles in SF6 molecule are _______ . 25. Which of the following pairs of atomic orbitals can
undergo hybridization?
(1) 180° and 90° (2) 60° and 90°
(3) 180° and 60° (4) 120° and 90° (1) 2s and 2p

18. In NH3, bond angle is less than tetrahedral bond (2) 3s and 2p
angle due to _______. (3) 1s and 2s
(1) bond pair-bond pair repulsions (4) 1s and 2p
(2) lone pair-lone pair repulsions 26. In methane molecule, C-H sigma bond is formed by
(3) lone pair-bond pair repulsions .
(4) none of these (1) sp2 - s overlap
19. Which of the following is CORRECT according to (2) sp3 - s overlap
valence bond theory? (3) sp3 - p overlap
(1) A covalent bond is formed when the half-filled
(4) s-p overlap

IK
valence orbital of one atom overlaps with a half-
filled valence orbital of another atom. 27. The H-C-H bond angle in methane is _______ .

(2) The covalent bond is non-directional in nature. (1) 107° 18' (2) 109°28'

SH
(3) At equilibrium distance between the nuclei of (3) 90° (4) 120°
the bonded atoms, the total energy of the 28. The hybridization of N-atom in NH3 molecule and

NA
bonded atoms is maximum. of O-atom in H2O molecule are respectively _______
(4) The electrons in the half-filled valence orbitals .
must have same spins.
(1) sp, sp2
20. When total attractive forces between two atoms
Y,
(2) sp2 , sp2
approaching each other is greater than total
repulsive forces then, potential energy of the system (3) sp2, sp3
EM

_______ . (4) sp3 , sp3

(1) increases (2) remains constant 29. If one s-orbital and two p-orbitals undergo
AD

(3) decreases (4) is zero hybridization, we get _______.

21. Covalent bond formation in H2 involves _______ (1) two hybrid orbitals at 180°
overlap
(2) three hybrid orbitals at 120°
AC

(1) s-s (2) s-p

(3) four hybrid orbitals at 109°28'
(3) p-p (4) s-d
(4) three hybrid orbitals at 109°28'
22. Fluorine molecule involves _______ .
ET

30. In C2H4 molecule, formation of pi bond is due to the

(1) the coaxial p-p orbital overlap overlapping of _______.
(2) the lateral p-p orbital overlap (1) unhybridised p orbitals of the same carbon atom
RG

(3) s-s orbital overlap (2) unhybridised p orbitals of the two carbon atoms
(4) s-p orbital overlap (3) sp2 hybrid orbitals of the two carbon atoms
TA

23. Tetra covalency of carbon can be explained by the (4) unhybridised s orbitals of the hydrogen atoms
concept of _______ .
31. Which of the following angle corresponds to sp
(1) hybridization
hybridization?
(2) resonance
(1) 90° (2) 120°
(3) M.O. theory
(3) 180° (4) 109°
(4) V.B. theory
32. In acetylene, each carbon atom undergoes _______
24. In excited state, beryllium can have half-filled hybridization.
orbitals.
(1) sp (2) sp3d
(1) 1 (2) 2
(3) sp2 (4) sp3
(3) 3 (4) 4

Page No.10
33. Match the hybridizations to their geometries. 38. Which of the following is NOT stable according to
molecular orbital theory?
Hybridization Geometry
(1) H2 (2) F2
i. sp3 a. Trigonal planar
ii. sp b. Trigonal (3) He2 (4) O2

bipyramidal 39. According to MOT, in F2 molecule, the number of

electrons in 2pz and *2px, orbitals are respectively.
iii. sp2 c. Linear
(1) 1, 1 (2) 1, 2
d. Tetrahedral
(3) 2, 1 (4) 2, 2
e. Octahedral
40. Identify CORRECT statement.
(1) i - b, ii - d, iii - a (2) i - d, ii - c, iii - a
(1) The angle between the orbitals holding the
(3) i-d, ii-c, iii — b (4) i - e, ii - a, iii - c
bonding electrons in called bond angle.
34. Which of the following is explained by valence bond
theory? (2) Bond angle of BF3 molecule is less than the bond
angle of NH3 molecule.

IK
(1) The connection between resonance energy and
molecular stability. (3) The bond between two N-atoms in N2 is weaker
than the bond between O-atoms in O2.

SH
(2) Formation of co-ordinate covalent bond.
(4) The bond enthalpies of two O-H bonds in water
(3) Paramagnetism of oxygen molecule.
is same.
(4) Bonding in B2H6 molecule.

NA
41. Bond length is defined as _______ .
35. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT
(1) twice the distance between the nuclei of two
regarding bonding molecular orbitals?
covalently bonded atoms in a molecule
(1) Bonding molecular orbitals possess less energy
Y,
(2) the equilibrium distance between the nuclei of
than the atomic orbitals from which they are
formed. two covalently bonded atoms in a molecule
EM

(2) Bonding molecular orbitals have low electron (3) the sum of the radius of the two covalently
densities between the two nuclei. bonded atoms in a molecule
(4) the difference between the radius of the two
AD

(3) Every bonding molecular orbital contributes to

the attraction between atoms. covalently bonded atoms in a molecule

(4) Bonding molecular orbitals are formed when 42. Bond length _______ with increase in size of atom
AC

the lobes of the combining atomic orbitals have and _______ with increase in multiplicity of bond.
the same sign. (1) increases; increases
36. Antibonding molecular orbital is formed by _______ (2) increases; decreases
.
ET

(3) decreases; increases

(1) addition of wave functions of atomic orbitals
(4) decreases; decreases
(2) subtraction of wave functions of atomic orbitals
RG

43. Select the CORRECT statement.

(3) multiplication of wave functions of atomic
orbitals (1) H – H bond is a polar covalent bond.
TA

(4) division of wave functions of atomic orbitals (2) Polarity of the covalent bond decreases as the
37. Select the CORRECT option. difference in the electronegativity between the
bonded atoms increase.
(1) The electrons are filled in MOs beginning with
the highest energy. (3) In a polar covalent bond, the more
electronegative atom acquires a partial positive
(2) If all MOs in a molecule are completely filled charge.
with two electrons each, the molecule is
paramagnetic. (4) In a nonpolar covalent bond, the shared pair of
electrons is attracted equally by both atoms.
(3) MOs are formed by combining AOs of different
atoms. 44. Which of the following molecule has a net dipole
moment?
(4) If the number of electrons in bonding MOs is
less than the number in antibonding MOs the (1) CCl4 (2) BF3
molecule is stable. (3) CH4 (4) NH3
Page No.11
45. Carbon tetrachloride has no net dipole moment 53. Identify the CORRECT statement.
because of _______ .
(1) In polyatomic molecules, the bond enthalpy and
(1) its planar structure bond dissociation energy are identical.
(2) its regular tetrahedral structure (2) Some polyatomic molecules can be represented
by more than one Lewis structure.
(3) similar sizes of carbon and chlorine atoms
(3) The dipole moment of polyatomic molecule is
(4) similar electron affinities of carbon and chlorine
the vector product of the dipole moments of
46. According to Fajan’s rule, the covalent character of various bonds and lone pairs.
an ionic bond is favoured by _______ .
(4) In the Lewis structure of polyatomic molecules
(1) large cation and small anion and ions, the highest electronegative atom is the
(2) large cation and large anion central atom.

(3) small cation and small anion 54. Which of the following is INCORRECT?

(4) small cation and large anion (1) Octet rule is based on stability of noble gases

IK
due to presence of eight electrons in the valence
47. Lil is more covalent than LiCl because shell.
(1) I is less electronegative than Cl

SH
(2) Octet rule is applicable to all elements including
(2) F is larger anion than Cl– H and Li atoms.

(3) I is more electronegative than Cl (3) The electronic theory of valence is mainly based

NA
on octet rule.
(4) F is smaller anion than Cl–
(4) The octet rule can be used to explain the normal
48. Resonating structures have different
valence of elements.
(1) atomic arrangements
55.
Y,
The charge on a cation M is +2 and on an anion A is
(2) electronic arrangements –3. The compound formed by them has the formula
EM
.
(3) functional groups
(1) MA2 (2) M2A
(4) alkyl groups
(3) M3A2 (4) M2A3
AD

49. Which of the following exhibits resonance?

56. An element ‘X’ (Z = 12) combines with element ‘Y’
(1) O3 (2) NH3
(Z = 17) to form an ionic solid. Which of the following
(3) CH4 (4) H2O is FALSE for the formed compound?
AC

50. How many canonical forms are possible for CO32– (1) The valence of X and Y in the compound will be
ion and ozone molecule respectively? 2 and 1 respectively.
(1) One, Two (2) Two, Three (2) The cation of X attains the stable inert gas
ET

(3) Three, Two (4) Four, Two configuration of neon.

51. Identify the INCORRECT statement. (3) The anion of Y attains the stable inert gas
RG

configuration of krypton.
(1) The arrangements of cations and anions in an
ionic solid is ordered. (4) The empirical formula of the compound formed
will be XY2.
TA

(2) LiCl is ionic but it is more soluble in organic

solvents than water. 57. Which of the following is INCORRECT?

(3) All ionic compounds in the solid state have each (1) Ionization enthalpy is always negative.
cation surrounded by a specific number of (2) Electron gain enthalpy can be positive or
anions and vice versa. negative.
(4) CsF is the most stable ionic compound. (3) The overall stability of the ionic solid depends
52. Total number of  bonds in upon the interactions between all these ions and
the energy released during the formation of the
CH3 – CH = CH – CH2 – C = CH is _______ . crystal lattice.
(1) 1 (2) 2 (4) All ionic compounds in the solid state have each
(3) 3 (4) 4 cation surrounded by a specific number of
anions and vice versa.

Page No.12
58. Among the following, the magnitude of lattice (3) The formal charge cannot be assigned for atoms
enthalpy is the lowest for _______ . of polyatomic species.
(1) NaCl (2) AlCl3 (4) To calculate the formal charge, lone pairs of
electrons are not required.
(3) LiCl (4) CaCl2
65. Calculate the formal charge on S-atom in the
59. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
following ion.
(1) In the formation of H2 molecule, two H-atoms
(1) +1 (2) – 1
are linked by a single covalent bond.
(3) 0 (4) – 2
(2) In the formation of Cl2 molecule, each chlorine
atom contributes one electron to the shared pair. 66. Which of the following molecule does NOT obey
octet rule?
(3) In the formation of N2 molecule, N-atoms share
two electron pairs. (1) BF3 (2) CO2
(4) CO 2 and C 2 H 2 are examples of molecules (3) H2O (4) N2
involving formation of multiple bonds.

IK
67. Select the CORRECT statements from the following:
60. During the formation of CCl4 molecule, each chlorine
I. BeCl 2 is an example of molecule with
atom contributes _______ electron(s) to the
incomplete octet.

SH
shared pair.
II. In sulfur dichloride, the sulfur atom has eight
(1) one (2) two
electrons around it.

NA
(3) three (4) four
III. NO is an example of odd electron molecule.
61. If the atomic number of element X is 7, the best
(1) I and II (2) II and III
electron dot symbol for the element is _______ .
(3) I and III (4) I, II and III
(1) X (2) X 
Y,
68. Octet rule is inadequate to explain _______ .
EM
 

 
i. the stability of molecules with incomplete and

(3)  X  (4)  X expanded octet
  
ii. difference in reactivities of different the
AD

62. Number of electrons in the valence orbit of nitrogen molecules

in an ammonia molecule is _______ .
iii. the geometry of the molecules
(1) 8 (2) 5
AC

iv. the stability of odd electron molecules

(3) 6 (4) 7
(1) i, ii (2) i, ii, iv
63. Identify the CORRECT Lewis dot structure for
(3) ii, iii, iv (4) i, ii, iii, iv
carbonate ion.
ET

69. Which of the following does NOT have lone pair over
the central atom?
RG

(1) NH3 (2) PH3

(1) (2)
(3) BF3 (4) PCl3
70. Match the molecules to their shapes.
TA

Molecule Shape
i. BH3 a. Bent

(3) (4) ii. SO2 b. Square planar

iii. XeF4 c. Trigonal planar
iv. SF4 d. Sea saw
64. Which of the following is TRUE about formal
charges? (1) i - c, ii - a, iii - b, iv - d

(1) The formal charge is based on a pure ionic (2) i - a, ii - b, iii - d, iv - c

bonding. (3) i - b, ii - c, iii - d, iv - a
(2) The structure having the lowest formal charge (4) i - c, ii - d, iii - b, iv - a
has the lowest energy.
Page No.13
71. In which of the following is the angle between the (1) BeCl2, sp2, linear
two covalent bonds is the greatest?
(2) BeCl2, sp2, trigonal planar
(1) CO2 (2) CH4 (3) BF3, sp2, trigonal planar
(3) NH3 (4) H2O (4) BF3, sp3, tetrahedral
72. In a regular octahedral molecule, MX6, the number 79. Type of hybridization in which 33.3% s-character and
of X - M - X bonds at 180° is _______ . 66.6% p-character is observed is _______
(1) six (2) four (1) sp (2) sp2
(3) three (4) two (3) sp (4) sp3d2
73. Which of the following has more than one lone pair 80. In BeCl2 molecule, each hybrid orbital of Be has
on the central atom? _______ % s-character.
(1) TeF6 (2) SCl2 (1) 25 (2) 50
(3) BrF5 (4) SF4 (3) 66 (4) 75

IK
74. Which of the following will provide the most 81. The valence bond theory is unable to explain _______
efficient overlap? (1) delocalization of electrons over the two nuclei

SH
(1) s – s (2) px – px of bonding atoms
(3) pz – pz (4) py – py (2) shielding effect of electrons
(3) bonding in electron deficient molecules

NA
75. Hydrogen fluoride molecule is an example of
_______ . (4) concept of resonance
(1) s-p  overlap (2) s - p  overlap 82. Which of the following is CORRECT with respect to
molecular orbitals?
(3) s-s  overlap (4) p - p  overlap
Y,
76. Select the CORRECT statement about the following (1)  molecular orbitals are symmetrical along the
EM
overlap. bond axis.
(2) A  bonding molecular orbital has large electron
density along the intemuclear axis.
AD

(3) A  molecular orbital does not have any node

between the nuclei.
(4) Linear combination of two Is orbitals give two
AC

 molecular orbitals.
(1) This overlap results in sigma bond. 83. The following figure represents the formation of
_______ molecular orbital.
(2) This overlap takes place during formation of H2
ET

molecule.
(3) In this, the orbitals overlap along the
RG

intemuclear axis.
(4) This overlap results in p - p  bond.
77. Which among the following is CORRECT?
TA

(1) sigma bonding

(1) The covalent bonds formed by hybrid orbitals
(2) pi bonding
are weaker than those by pure atomic orbitals.
(3) pi antibonding
(2) Hybrid orbitals are degenerate but differ in their
orientations. (4) sigma antibonding

(3) The number of hybrid orbitals formed is double 84. 2pz orbital of one atom do not combine with 2px
the number of orbitals taking part in orbital of another atom because of their
hybridization. (1) same energy
(4) Atomic orbitals of different atoms can take part (2) same symmetries
in hybridization.
(3) different symmetries
78. Which one of the following is a CORRECT set with
(4) different shells
respect to molecule, hybridization and shape?

Page No.14
85. The molecular orbital configuration of a diatomic 93. H2O is polar, whereas BeF2 is not. It is because
molecule is _______
1s2 *1s2 2s2 *2s2 2px2 2py2 2pz2 (1) H2O is linear and BeF2 is angular
Its bond order is _______ . (2) H2O is angular and BeF2 is linear
(1) 3 (2) 2.5 (3) the electronegativity of F is greater than that of
O
(3) 2 (4) 1
(4) H2O involves hydrogen bonding whereas BeF2
86. The paramagnetic property of the oxygen molecule
is a discrete molecule
is due to the presence of unpaired electrons present
in _______ . 94. NH3 is more polar than NF3 because
(1) (2px)1 and (*2px)1 (1) F is more electronegative than H
(2) (2px)1 and (2py)1 (2) NF3 has three lone pairs on each F atom
(3) (*2px )1 and (*2py )1 (3) the orbital dipole due to lone pair on N is in

IK
same direction as the resultant dipole moment of N
(4) (*2py)1 and (2py)1
- H bonds in NH3
87. The bond order in Nt ion is
(4) the orbital dipole due to lone pair on N is in

SH
(1) 1 (2) 2 opposite direction as the resultant dipole moment
(3) 2.5 (4) 3 of N - H bonds in NH3

NA
88. Which one of the following species is diamagnetic 95. Which molecules has zero dipole moment?
in nature? (1) H2O (2) CO2
(1) He2 + (2) H2 (3) HF (4) HBr
(3) H2 + (4) H2
Y,
96. Maximum covalent character is associated with
89. Which of the following molecule has highest bond which of the following compound?
EM

enthalpy? (1) Nal (2) MgI2

(1) F2 (2) C2 (3) AlCl3 (4) AlI3
AD

(3) N2 (4) O2 97. In which molecule are all atoms coplanar?

90. The CORRECT order of increasing covalent bond (1) CH4 (2) BF3
length is _______ .
AC

(3) PF3 (4) NH3

(1) H – F < H – Br < H – Cl
98. As the electronegativity increases from iodine to
(2) Br – Br < Cl – Cl < F – F fluorine, the bond angle _______, from PI3 to PF3.
(3) C = N < C – N < C = N
ET

(1) increases (2) remains same

(4) C – H< C – O < C – C (3) decreases (4) doubled
91. Which among the following pairs have same bond
RG

99. An element X with the electronic configuration 1s2

order? 2s2 2p6 3s2 would be expected to form the chloride
(1) N2,O22– with the formula .
TA

(2) N2, CO [CPMT 2010]

(3) F2, CO (1) XCl3 (2) XCl2

(4) O2–, CO (3) XCl (4) X2Cl

92. Which of the following bonds will be the most polar? 100. Which of the following contains both covalent and
ionic bonds?
(1) C – F
[Assam CEE 2017]
(2) C – N
(1) NH4Cl
(3) N – F
(2) KCl
(4) N – O
(3) CCl4
(4) CaCl2

Page No.15
101. Which one of the following is NOT correct? (3) Trigonal planar

[TS EAMCET(Med.) 2015] (4) Diagonal

(1) Formal charges help in the selection of the 107. Observe the following molecules.
lowest energy structure of molecule. PCl5, BrFs, ClF5, PF5, ClF3, XeF4, XeF2, IF5
(2) Formal charges indicate real charge separation The number of molecules having square pyramidal
within the molecule. geometry from the above is _______ .
(3) Formal charges of each atom of polyatomic ion [AP EAMCET (Engg.) 2019]
can be calculated.
(1) 4 (2) 5
(4) Number of unshared electrons on the atoms is
also considered for calculation of formal (3) 3 (4) 6
charges. 108. The species having bond angles of 120° is _______.
102. In which of the following molecules, the central atom [NEET (UG) 2017]
has expanded octet?
(1) PH3 (2) CIF3

IK
i. SCl2 ii. CO2
(3) NC13 (4) BCl3
iii. PF5 iv. H2SO4

SH
109. Which is FALSE statement about LCAO?
v. BCl3
[J & K CET 2010]
[TS EAMCET (Med.) 2019]
(1) Addition of atomic orbitals results in molecular

NA
(1) ii, iii, iv (2) iii, iv orbitals.
(3) iv, v (4) ii, iv, v (2) Atomic orbitals of nearly same energy combine
103. Predict the CORRECT order among following to form molecular orbitals.
Y,
_______ , (3) Bonding molecular orbitals occupy higher
[NEET P-I 2016] energy than atomic orbitals.
EM

(1) bond pair – bond pair > lone pair – bond >ne (4) Each molecular orbital accommodates
pair – lone pair maximum number of two electrons.
AD

(2) lone pair – bond pair > bond pair – bond pair > 110. Main axis of diatomic molecule is z. The orbitals px
lone pair – lone pair and py overlap to form _______ .

(3) lone pair – lone pair > lone pair – bond pair > [KCET 2016]
AC

bond pair – bond pair (1)  - molecular orbital

(4) lone pair – lone pair > bond pair – bond pair > (2) - molecular orbital
lone pair – bond pair
(3) - molecular orbital
ET

104. Which of the following structures of molecules is

(4) no bond
expected to have three bond pairs and one lone pair
of electrons? 111. The bond order of a molecule is given by _______.
RG

[KCET 2017] [Assam CEE 2015]

(1) Octahedral (2) Trigonal planar (1) the total number of electrons in bonding and
TA

antibonding orbitals
(3) Pyramidal (4) Tetrahedral
(2) the difference between the number of electrons
105. Which of the following pair contains 2 lone pair of
in bonding and antibonding orbitals
electrons on the central atom?
(3) twice the difference between the number of
[KCET 2019]
electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals
(1) XeF4, NH3 (2) SO42–,H2S
(4) half the difference between the number of
(3) I3+, H2O (4) H2O, NF3 electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals
106. What is the geometry of water molecule? 112. The bond order in N2 molecule is _______ .
[MHT CET 2018] [TS EAMCET (Engg.) 2015]
(1) Distorted tetrahedral (1) 1 (2) 2
(2) Tetrahedral (3) 3 (4) 4
Page No.16
113. The increasing order of bond order of (4) The H – O – H bond angle in H2O is larger than
the H – C – H bond angle in CH4.
O 2 , O 2 , O 2 and O 22  is _______.
118. In a covalent bond, a difference of 1.7 in the
[KCET 2016] electronegativities of the combining atoms produces
an ionic character of about _______ .
(1) O 2 , O 2 , O 2 , O 22  (2) O 22  , O 2 , O 2 , O 2
[MHT CET 2019]

(3) O2 , O 2 , O 2 , O 22  (4) O 22  , O 2 , O2 ,O 2 (1) 50 % (2) 30%

(3) 90 % (4) 70%
114. Decreasing order of stability of
119. The dipole moment of BF3 is zero because _______.
O 2 , O 2 , O 2 and O 22  , is _______ .
[TS EAMCET (Med.) 2015]
(1) it is covalent molecule
[AIPMT Re-Test 2015]
(2) it is a tetraatomic molecule
O 2  O 2 O22  O 2 O 2  O 22   O2

IK
(1)  (2)  O2 (3) it is having trigonal planar geometry
(4) the electronegativity difference between boron
(3) O 2  O 2  O2  O 22  (4) O 22  O 2  O 2  O 2 and fluorine is more

SH
115. Which of the following is paramagnetic? 120. Which of the following possess net dipole moment?

[NEET (Odisha) 2019]

NA
[KCET 2019]
(1) O2 (2) N2
(1) BeCl2 (2) CO2
(3) H2 (4) Li2
(3) SO2 (4) BF3
116. Match the following.
Y,
121. Which of the following is the CORRECT order of
List - I List - II dipole moment?
EM

Molecule Bond order, [NEET (Odisha) 2019]

Magnetic property (1) H2O < NF3 < NH3 < BF3
AD

i. C2 a. 1, paramagnetic (2) NH3 < BF3 < NF3 < H2O

ii. O2 b. 1, diamagnetic (3) BF3 < NF3 < NH3 < H2O
(4) BF3 < NH3 < NF3 < H2O
AC

iii.B2 c. 2, paramagnetic
iv. Li2 d. 2, diamagnetic 122. The compound that will have a permanent dipole
moment among the following is _______ .
e. 3, diamagnetic
[WB JEEM 2014]
ET

[AP EAMCET (Med.) 2016]

(1) i - c, ii - e, iii - b, iv - a
RG

(2) i - d, ii - c, iii - a, iv - b (1) (2)

(3) i - d, ii - b, iii - a, iv - c
TA

(4) i - c, ii - b, iii - e, iv - d
117. Consider the molecules CH4, NH3 and H2O. Which (3) (4)
of the given statements is FALSE?
[NEET P-I 2016] 123. Amongst LiCl, RbCl, BeCl 2 and MgCl 2 the
(1) The H – O – H bond angle in H2O is smaller compounds with the greatest and the least ionic
than the H – N – H bond angle in NH3. character, respectively, are _______ .

(2) The H – C – H bond angle in CH4 is larger than [AIEEE 2011]

the H – N – H bond angle in NH3. (1) LiCl and RbCl
(3) The H – C – H bond angle in CH 4 , the (2) RbCl and BeCl2
H – N – H bond angle in NH3, and the H – O –
(3) RbCl and MgCl2
H bond angle in H2O are all greater than 90°.
(4) MgCl2 and BeCl2

Page No.17
124. Which one of the following pairs of species have the (3) VSEPR theory
same bond order?
(4) Electronic theory of valence
[NEET (UG) 2017]
132. H 2 molecule is more stable than Li 2 molecule,
(1) CO, NO (2) O2, NO+ because
(3) CN–, CO (4) N2, O2– [MHT CET 2020]
125. Which of following bonds has maximum bond
(1) In H 2 molecule 1s molecular orbitals are
length?
shielded by electrons
[MHT CET 2019]
(2) In H2 bond order is one
(1) C–C (2) C–N
(3) C–H (4) C–O (3) In Li 2 molecule 1s molecular orbitals are

126. In ozone molecule, the formal charge on the central shielded by electrons
oxygen atom is
(4) In Li2 molecule, outer 2s molecular orbitals are

IK
[MHT CET 2019] shielded by the inner electrons
(1) 0 (2) +2 133. What is the formal charge on hydrogen atom in

SH
(3) +l (4) –l water molecule?
127. Which bond in a molecule of ethyl magnesium [MHT CET 2020]
bromide is ionic in nature?

NA
1
[MHT CET 2019] (1) 0 (2) 
2
(1) C–Cbond (2) C–Mgbond Y,
(3) Mg–Br bond (4) C–H bond 1
(3) l (4) 
2
128. What is the structure of PCl5(g)?
EM

[MHT CET 2019] 134. The H-N-H bond angle in NH3 molecule is

(1) Pyramidal [MHT CET 2020]

AD

(2) Square planar (1) 109°28' (2) 107° 18'

(3) Trigonal bipyramidal (3) 101° (4) 90°

135. Which type of overlap is involved in formation of
AC

(4) Octahedral
O–H bonds in water molecule?
129. The extent of polarization in an ionic bond is greater
when [MHT CET 2020]
ET

[MHT CET 2019] (1) sp2-s (2) sp2-p

(1) cation is smaller and anion is larger in size (3) sp3-s (4) sp-s
RG

(2) cation is larger and anion is smaller in size 136. What type of hybridization results in tetrahedral
geometry?
(3) density of positive charge on cation is less
[MHT CET 2020]
(4) density of negative charge on anion is less
TA

(1) sp2 (2) dsp2

130. Which of the following molecules contain 8 electrons
in the outermost orbit of central atom? (3) sp3 (4) sp

[MHT CET 2019] 137. Which of the following molecule does not obey octet
rule?
(1) SF6 (2) BeCl2
[MHT CET 2020]
(3) CH4 (4) PC15
(1) SF6 (2) Cl2
131. The paramagnetic behavior of oxygen molecule is
explained by (3) NaCl (4) N2

[MHT CET 2020]

(1) Valence bond theory
(2) Molecular orbital theory
Page No.18
 ANSWER KEY

1 3 21 1 41 2 61 3 81 3 101 2 121 4

2 1 22 1 42 2 62 1 82 1 102 2 122 1

3 1 23 1 43 4 63 2 83 4 103 3 123 2

4 2 24 2 44 4 64 2 84 3 104 3 124 3

5 4 25 1 45 2 65 1 85 1 105 3 125 3

6 4 26 2 46 4 66 1 86 3 106 1 126 3

7 2 27 2 47 2 67 4 87 3 107 3 127 3

IK
8 3 28 4 48 2 68 4 88 2 108 4 128 3

9 3 29 2 49 1 69 3 89 3 109 3 129 1

SH
10 2 30 2 50 3 70 1 90 4 110 4 130 3

11 2 31 3 51 4 71 1 91 2 111 4 131 2

NA
12 3 32 1 52 3 72 3 92 1 112 3 132 4

13 3 33 2 53 2 73 2 93 2 113 4 133 1
Y,
14 1 34 1 54 2 74 1 94 3 114 3 134 2
EM
15 1 35 2 55 3 75 1 95 2 115 1 135 3

16 2 36 2 56 3 76 4 96 4 116 2 136 3
AD

17 1 37 3 57 1 77 2 97 2 117 4 137 1

18 3 38 3 58 1 78 3 98 3 118 1
AC

19 1 39 4 59 3 79 2 99 2 119 3

20 3 40 1 60 1 80 2 100 1 120 3
ET
RG
TA

Page No.19