Intial Traffic Count

Pick -up/ 4 - Wheel Drive

Day Night
Days of Traffic Traffic Night
ADT
the week Factor
16 Hours 8 Hours
Monday 172 214.0
Tuesday 156 45 0.288 201.0
Wednesday 139 173.0
Thursday 143 178.0
Friday 168 209.0
Saturday 164 32 0.195 196.0
Sunday 157 195.0
Average 0.242
AADT (pick up) 195.000

Intial Traffic Count

Bus
Day Night
Days of Traffic Traffic Night
ADT
the week Factor
16 Hours 8 Hours
Monday 77 96.0
Tuesday 69 13 0.188 82.0
Wednesday 53 66.0
Thursday 55 68.0
Friday 41 51.0
Saturday 52 9 0.173 61.0
Sunday 40 50.0
Average 0.181
AADT (Bus) 68.000
 Intial Traffic Count
Medium Truck
Day Night
Days of Traffic Traffic Night
ADT
the week Factor
16 Hours 8 Hours
Monday 126 156.0
Tuesday 117 22 0.188 139.0
Wednesday 110 137.0
Thursday 115 143.0
Friday 101 125.0
Saturday 109 11 0.101 120.0
Sunday 85 106.0
Average 0.144
AADT (Medium Truck) 132.000

Intial Traffic Count

Five Axle Truck
Day Night
Days of Traffic Traffic Night
ADT
the week Factor
16 Hours 8 Hours
Monday 99 123.0
Tuesday 87 28 0.322 115.0
Wednesday 67 83.0
Thursday 64 79.0
Friday 65 81.0
Saturday 77 17 0.221 94.0
Sunday 65 81.0
Average 0.271
AADT (Five Axle Truck) 94.000
 Intial Traffic Count
Four Axle Truck Trailer
Day Night
Days of Traffic Traffic Night
ADT
the week Factor
16 Hours 8 Hours
Monday 86 107.0
Tuesday 101 21 0.208 122.0
Wednesday 103 128.0
Thursday 93 115.0
Friday 101 125.0
Saturday 89 11 0.124 100.0
Sunday 100 124.0
Average 0.166
AADT (Four Axle Truck Trailer) 117.000
 AXLE LOAD SURVEY

Pickups
Axle 1 Axle 2

Truck Equival Equival Total

No. Load ency Load ency factor
(kg) Factor (kg) Factor
(EF) (EF)
1 2400 0 2300 0 0.00
2 2324 0 2420 0 0.00
3 2456 0 2500 0 0.00
4 2480 0 1980 0 0.00
5 1987 0 2000 0 0.00
6 2312 0 1740 0 0.00
7 2500 0 1320 0 0.00
8 1570 0 2125 0 0.00
9 1190 0 1986 0 0.00
10 1940 0 1856 0 0.00
Mean equivalency factor for truck-
0.00
trailers
 Bus
Axle 1 Axle 2 Axle 3

Truck Equival Equival Equival Total

No. Load ency Load ency Load ency factor
(kg) Factor (kg) Factor (kg) Factor
(EF) (EF) (EF)
1 5760 0.21 8165 1 7190 0.57 1.8
2 5240 0.14 6935 0.48 7630 0.74 1.4
3 5330 0.15 7015 0.51 7710 0.77 1.4
4 4460 0.07 6495 0.36 8640 1.29 1.7
5 5430 0.16 2895 0.01 8860 1.45 1.6
6 4530 0.07 6255 0.3 9770 2.25 2.6
7 4480 0.07 5835 0.22 10010 2.51 2.8
8 3550 0.02 7945 0.89 3590 0.02 0.9
9 3170 0.01 9315 1.81 6530 0.37 2.2
10 3920 0.04 9075 1.61 6950 0.49 2.1
Mean equivalency factor for truck-
1.86
trailers
 Medium Truck
Axle 1 Axle 2

Truck Equival Equival Total

No. Load ency Load ency factor
(kg) Factor (kg) Factor
(EF) (EF)
1 6908 0.47 11545 4.77 5.2
2 6388 0.33 10315 2.87 3.2
3 6478 0.35 10395 2.97 3.3
4 5608 0.18 9875 2.36 2.5
5 6578 0.38 6275 0.31 0.7
6 5678 0.2 9635 2.11 2.3
7 5628 0.19 9215 1.73 1.9
8 4698 0.08 11325 4.37 4.5
9 4318 0.06 12695 7.31 7.4
10 5068 0.12 12455 6.71 6.8
Mean equivalency factor for truck-
3.79
trailers
 Four Axle Truck Trailer
Axle 1 Axle 2 Axle 3 Axle 4

Truck Equival Equival Equival Equival Total

No. Load ency Load ency Load ency Load ency factor
(kg) Factor (kg) Factor (kg) Factor (kg) Factor
(EF) (EF) (EF) (EF)
1 6593 0.38 12563 6.97 8187 1.01 8231 1.04 9.4
2 6073 0.26 11889 5.44 7987 0.91 9801 2.28 8.9
3 6163 0.28 11969 5.61 8387 1.13 9201 1.72 8.7
4 5293 0.14 11449 4.59 7837 0.83 9331 1.83 7.4
5 6263 0.3 12456 6.71 6187 0.29 10021 2.52 9.8
6 5363 0.15 12530 6.89 8447 1.17 10011 2.51 10.7
7 5313 0.15 11879 5.42 7537 0.7 9281 1.78 8.1
8 4383 0.06 13099 8.41 2617 0.01 2271 0 8.5
9 4003 0.04 13287 8.97 3007 0.01 2311 0 9.0
10 4753 0.09 13468 9.53 2777 0.01 2661 0.01 9.6
Mean equivalency factor for truck-trailers 9.02
 Five Axle Truck
Axle 1 Axle 2 Axle 3 Axle 4 Axle 5

Truck Equival Equival Equival Equival Equival Total

No. Load ency Load ency Load ency Load ency Load ency factor
(kg) Factor (kg) Factor (kg) Factor (kg) Factor (kg) Factor
(EF) (EF) (EF) (EF) (EF)
1 6281 0.31 13853 10.82 6281 0.31 9392 1.88 8349 1.11 14.4
2 7631 0.74 12923 7.92 7631 0.74 9862 2.35 9919 2.41 14.2
3 7931 0.88 12843 7.7 7931 0.88 10072 2.58 9319 1.82 13.9
4 2711 0.01 15173 16.3 2711 0.01 2372 0 9449 1.93 18.3
5 2871 0.01 14908 15.06 2871 0.01 2722 0.01 10139 2.66 17.8
6 3101 0.01 13903 11 3101 0.01 9262 1.77 10129 2.65 15.4
7 8081 0.96 12163 6.03 8081 0.96 9342 1.84 9399 1.89 11.7
8 8281 1.07 11743 5.15 8281 1.07 2332 0 2389 0 7.3
9 8481 1.19 8803 1.41 8481 1.19 8292 1.07 2429 0 4.9
10 8541 1.23 12403 6.58 8541 1.23 10082 2.59 2779 0.01 11.6
Mean equivalency factor for truck-trailers 12.94
CoTM 4192 Road and Bridge Construction Flexible Pavement Design Example

Given Data
Trunk Road Flexible Pavement
Year required for Construction 4.5 Years
Expected Years of Service 20 Years
Subgrade CBR 9%
Growth Rate Until Construction 3.5% (Constant)
Growth Rate After Construction 5.0% (Constant)
Road Width 7m
Road Length 12 km
Town road with Two lane 90% ESAs
Diverted and Generated Traffic are not expected in this road
STEP 1:
Initial Traffic Volume at Feasibility study and Design Stage

No Vehicle Class AADT (m)0

Pick -up/ 4 - 2 195

1 Wheel Drive
2 Bus 4 68
3 Medium Truck 6 132
4 5 -Axled Truck 10 94
4 Axle Truck 13 117
5 Trailer

Traffic Growth Rate

Construction
Until Road Opening
Time
4.5 Years 3.50% 4.5
Design Life Rate N
20 Years 5.00% 20

Temesgen W. Department of Civil Engineering

CoTM 4192 Road and Bridge Construction Flexible Pavement Design Example
STEP 2:
Mean Equivalency of Axle Loads

Mean Equivalency of Axle Loads

No Vehicle Class EF
Pick -up/ 4 -
1 Wheel Drive 2 0.00
2 Bus 4 1.86
3 Medium Truck 6 3.79
4 5 -Axled Truck 10 12.94
4 Axle Truck
5 Trailer 13 9.02

STEP 3:
The projected AADTs at the opening of the road or after 4.5 years

Using the Following Equation

AADT(m)1 = AADT(m)0 * (1+i)n

AADT in 4.5 Years (In Two Directions) In One Direction

Vehicle Class
AADT (m)0 (1+i)n AADT(m)1
Pick -up/ 4 - Wheel Driv 2 195 1.167 228 114
Bus 4 68 1.167 79 39.5
Medium Truck 6 132 1.167 154 77
5 -Axled Truck 10 94 1.167 110 55
4 Axle Truck Trailer 13 117 1.167 137 68.5

Temesgen W. Department of Civil Engineering

CoTM 4192 Road and Bridge Construction Flexible Pavement Design Example
STEP 4:
The cumulative number of vehicles over the design period

T (m) = 365 x AADT (m)0 [(1+i)N-]/i

The AADT (m)0 to find T(m) is the AADT (m)1 found in year of road opening

AADT(m)1 [(1+i)N-1]/i T(m)

Vehicle Class Total Number of Vehicle Over 20 Years
AADT(m)4.5 [(1+0.05)20-1]/0.05 T(m)
Pick -up/ 4 - Wheel Driv 2 228 33.066 2,751,735
Bus 4 79 33.066 953,380
Medium Truck 6 154 33.066 1,858,580
5 -Axled Truck 10 110 33.066 1,327,505
4 Axle Truck Trailer 13 137 33.066 1,653,450

STEP 5:
The cumulative numbers of ESAs over the design period

Equivalency Total ESA in 90 % of

Vehicle Class T (m) Factor = EF (m) Million Total ESAs
Pick -up/ 4 - Wheel Driv 2 2,751,735.00 0 - -
Bus 4 953,380.00 1.86 1.77 1.60
Medium Truck 6 1,858,580.00 3.79 7.04 6.34
5 -Axled Truck 10 1,327,505.00 12.94 17.18 15.46
4 Axle Truck Trailer 13 1,653,450.00 9.02 14.91 13.42
Total ESAL 40.91 36.82

Temesgen W. Department of Civil Engineering

CoTM 4192 Road and Bridge Construction Flexible Pavement Design Example

Based on the above analysis

Traffic Class T9
the Road under study belongs to the
and the Subgrade Strength Class is S4 with CBR of 9%

Temesgen W. Department of Civil Engineering

CoTM 4192 Road and Bridge Construction Flexible Pavement Design Example
STEP 6:
Choose the TYPE and THICKNESS of Pavement Layers from the CATALOGUE

with T9 and S4

Bituminous (HMA) wearing course and binder coarse

Bitumenous Road Base

Granular Subbase GS

STEP 7:
Volume of Materials

Bituminous (HMA) wearing course and binder coarse

0.09m*7m*12km = 84000 m3
Bitumenous Road Base
0.19m*7m*12km = 15960 m3
Granular Subbase GS
0.175m*7m*12km = 14700 m3
STEP 8:
Life Cycle Cost
Construction Cost ???
Maintenance Cost ???
Vehicle Operating Cost ???

Temesgen W. Department of Civil Engineering