History of Rehabilitation Psychology
Rehabilitation Psychology is a specialty within psychology focused on helping individuals with
disabilities and chronic illnesses achieve optimal psychological and social functioning. Its
development has been influenced by historical events like wars, scientific progress, and changing
social views on disability.
Period/Year Key Events & Developments
Pre-20th Century Limited understanding of disabilities; people with impairments often faced neglect.
1914–1918 World War I – Surge in physical injuries → Need for rehabilitation services emerges.
1930s Early attempts to integrate psychological support in physical rehabilitation programs.
1939–1945 World War II – Major boost to rehabilitation services; veterans’ needs grew rapidly.
1946 U.S. Veterans Administration (VA) begins formal psychological rehab programs.
1950s–1960s Growth in medical rehab centers; psychologists formally included in rehab teams.
1970s Rehabilitation Psychology becomes a distinct specialty in psychology.
1980 American Psychological Association (APA) recognizes Division 22 – Rehab Psychology
1990s–2000s Increased research in neuropsychology and behavioral interventions in rehab.
2010s–2020s Holistic and patient-centered models; use of tech and tele-rehabilitation.
Below is a conceptual diagram showing the evolution of Rehabilitation Psychology over time:
Pre-1900s |__ Disability viewed as tragedy or burden ↓ World Wars (WWI & WWII) |__
Rise in physical trauma; need for psychological rehab ↓ 1940s–1960s |__ VA hospitals
start rehab psych programs ↓ 1970s–1980s |__ APA formally recognizes Rehabilitation
Psychology (Division 22) ↓ 1990s–Present |__ Use of CBT, neuropsychology,
telehealth, patient-centered care
Summary Points:
• Roots in war medicine – The field gained momentum to support injured war veterans.
• APA recognition – In 1980, APA officially recognized Rehabilitation Psychology as a specialty.
• Expanding scope – Now includes chronic illness, trauma, and neuro disorders.
• Modern methods – Includes CBT, assistive tech, telehealth, and holistic care models.
