BS EN 12697‑12:2018

BSI Standards Publication

Bituminous mixtures - Test methods

Part 12: Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens

BS EN 12697‑12:2018 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12697‑12:2018. It
supersedes BS EN 12697‑12:2008, which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee B/510/1, Asphalt products.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2018
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018
ISBN 978 0 580 91780 6
ICS 93.080.20
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2018.

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected
 BS EN 12697‑12:2018

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12697-12

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2018

ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 12697-12:2008

English Version

Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 12:

Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous
specimens
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 12: Asphalt - Prüfverfahren - Teil 12: Bestimmung der
Détermination de la sensibilité à l'eau des éprouvettes Wasserempfindlichkeit von Asphalt-Probekörpern
bitemineuses

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 February 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12697-12:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN 12697‑12:2018
EN 12697-12:2018 (E)

Contents Page

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 5

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 7

4 Principle ............................................................................................................................................................. 7

5 Method A............................................................................................................................................................. 8

5.1 Apparatus........................................................................................................................................................... 8

5.1.1 Compression testing machine .................................................................................................................... 8

5.1.2 Vacuum system ................................................................................................................................................ 8

5.1.3 Vacuum container ........................................................................................................................................... 8

5.1.4 Water bath ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

5.1.5 Air chamber....................................................................................................................................................... 8

5.1.6 Other material .................................................................................................................................................. 8

5.2 Specimen preparation ................................................................................................................................... 8

5.2.1 Number of specimens .................................................................................................................................... 8

5.2.2 Dimensions of specimens ............................................................................................................................. 8

5.2.3 Method of compaction ................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2.4 Visual examination ......................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2.5 Measurement of dimensions ....................................................................................................................... 9

5.2.6 Determination of bulk density ................................................................................................................... 9

5.2.7 Division into subsets ...................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2.8 Curing of specimens ....................................................................................................................................... 9

5.3 Conditioning...................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.3.1 Dry specimens .................................................................................................................................................. 9

5.3.2 Wet specimens ................................................................................................................................................. 9

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5.4 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 10

6 Method B .......................................................................................................................................................... 11

6.1 Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................ 11

6.1.1 Compression testing machine .................................................................................................................. 11

6.1.2 Measuring device .......................................................................................................................................... 12

6.1.3 Vacuum system .............................................................................................................................................. 12

6.1.4 Vacuum container ........................................................................................................................................ 12

6.1.5 Water bath....................................................................................................................................................... 12

6.1.6 Air chamber .................................................................................................................................................... 12

6.1.7 Other material ............................................................................................................................................... 12

6.2 Specimen preparation ................................................................................................................................ 13

6.2.1 Number of specimens .................................................................................................................................. 13

6.2.2 Dimensions of specimens .......................................................................................................................... 13

6.2.3 Method of compaction................................................................................................................................. 13

6.2.4 Visual examination ...................................................................................................................................... 13

6.2.5 Measurement of dimensions .................................................................................................................... 13

6.2.6 Determination of bulk density ................................................................................................................. 14

6.2.7 Division into subsets ................................................................................................................................... 14

6.2.8 Curing of specimens ..................................................................................................................................... 14

6.3 Conditioning ................................................................................................................................................... 14

6.3.1 Dry specimens................................................................................................................................................ 14

6.3.2 Wet specimens ............................................................................................................................................... 14

6.4 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 14

7 Method C .......................................................................................................................................................... 15

7.1 Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................ 15

7.1.1 Graduated glass beaker .............................................................................................................................. 15

7.1.2 Rubber plug .................................................................................................................................................... 15

7.1.3 Filtering paper ............................................................................................................................................... 15

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EN 12697-12:2018 (E)

7.1.4 Collecting container .................................................................................................................................... 15

7.1.5 Balance ............................................................................................................................................................. 15

7.1.6 Container for drying the filtering paper .............................................................................................. 15

7.1.7 Heating chamber .......................................................................................................................................... 15

7.2 Specimen preparation ................................................................................................................................ 15

7.3 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 15

8 Calculation ...................................................................................................................................................... 16

8.1 Volume of cylindrical specimens ............................................................................................................ 16

8.2 Indirect tensile strength ratio (Method A).......................................................................................... 16

8.3 Compressive strength ratio (Method B) .............................................................................................. 17

8.4 Bonding value (Method C)......................................................................................................................... 17

9 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 17

9.1 Method A.......................................................................................................................................................... 17

9.2 Method B.......................................................................................................................................................... 18

9.3 Method C .......................................................................................................................................................... 18

10 Precision .......................................................................................................................................................... 18

10.1 Method A.......................................................................................................................................................... 18

10.2 Method B.......................................................................................................................................................... 19

10.3 Method C .......................................................................................................................................................... 19

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 20

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EN 12697-12:2018 (E)

European foreword

This document (EN 12697-12:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road
materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2018, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2018.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 12697-12:2008.

Compared with EN 12697-12:2008, the following changes have been made:

— the series title no longer makes the method exclusively for hot mix asphalt [Title];

— the structure of the standard has been altered, describing each method separately;

— description of Method A and Method B giving the same result deleted [1];

— restriction for slenderness, less than 0,5, of specimen for Method B deleted [1]. Added in 6.2.5 as
requirement;

— EN 12697-5 and EN 12697-7 added. EN 1246 and EN 13108-1 deleted [2];

— introduction of option for compaction with EN 12697-30 (2x50 blows) [5.2.3 b];

— tolerance changed for conditioning at 40 °C from ± 1 °C to ± 2 °C [5.3.2 b)];

— description added of procedure for determining specimen volume, used for calculation of degree of
swelling [5.3.2 e];

— changed conditioning temperature for soft grade bitumen [5.3.2 f];

— introduction of table with recommended test temperatures for Method A, depending on binder
grade [5.4, Table 1];

— description and requirements for compression testing machine and measuring device added for
[6.1];

— modification of tolerance for the constant load. Introduction of Table 2 with Static compaction
parameters [6.2.3].

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

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EN 12697-12:2018 (E)

1 Scope
This European Standard specifies three test methods for determining the effect of saturation and
accelerated water conditioning:
— method A uses the indirect tensile strength of cylindrical specimens of bituminous mixtures;

— method B uses the compression strength of cylindrical specimens of bituminous mixtures;

— method C defines the bonding value for a bituminous mixture 1 h after mixing, where the bonding
of bitumen and aggregate can be equated to a bonding value.

Method C is suitable for soft asphalt with bitumen of kinematic viscosity at 60 °C of 4 000 mm2/s or
less.
These methods can be used to evaluate the effect of water on asphalt mixtures with or without anti-
stripping additives including liquids, such as amines; and fillers, such as hydrated lime or cement.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the
maximum density

EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk
density of bituminous specimens

EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk
density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays

EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void
characteristics of bituminous specimens

EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 23: Determination of the
indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens

EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 27: Sampling

EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures — Test method for hot mix asphalt — Part 29: Determination of the
dimensions of a bituminous specimen

EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Specimen preparation
by impact compactor

EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Specimen preparation
by gyratory compactor

EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of bituminous
mixtures by vibratory compactor

EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 33: Specimen prepared by roller compactor.

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3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
slenderness
height of a specimen divided by its diameter

3.2
indirect tensile strength ITS
maximum tensile stress according to EN 12697-23, calculated from the peak load applied to a
cylindrical specimen loaded diametrically until break at specified test conditions

3.3
indirect tensile strength ratio ITSR
ratio of the indirect tensile strength of wet (water conditioned) specimens to that of dry specimens,
expressed in percent

3.4
compressive strength ratio i/C
ratio of the strength of a specimen loaded in compression at the specified test temperature and speed of
displacement of the press, of wet (water conditioned) specimens to that of dry specimens expressed in
percent

3.5
water sensitivity in accordance with method A
ITSR value obtained on compacted specimens of a bituminous mixture

3.6
water sensitivity in accordance with method B
i/C value obtained on compacted specimens of a bituminous mixture

3.7
bonding value
amount of aggregate fines and bitumen which comes loose from 1 000 g sample of bituminous mixture
when mixed with 1 500 ml of water in a graduated glass beaker

4 Principle
Method A: Method A uses the indirect tensile strength of cylindrical specimens of bituminous mixtures.
A set of cylindrical test specimens is divided into two equally sized subsets and conditioned. One subset
is maintained dry at room temperature while the other subset is saturated and stored in water at
elevated conditioning temperature. After conditioning, the indirect tensile strength of each of the two
subsets is determined at a defined test temperature, depending on the grade of bitumen. The ratio of
the indirect tensile strength of the water conditioned subset compared to that of the dry subset is
determined and expressed in percent.
Method B: Method B uses the compression strength of cylindrical specimens of bituminous mixtures. A
set of cylindrical test specimens is divided into two equally sized subsets and conditioned. One subset is
maintained at 50 % humidity while the other subset is saturated and stored in water. After
conditioning, the compression strength of each of the two subsets is determined at 18 °C. The ratio of
the compression strength of the water conditioned subset compared to that of the dry subset is
determined and expressed in percent.

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EN 12697-12:2018 (E)

Method C: A sample of bituminous mixture and water is mixed. The amount of material that comes
loose is measured by filtering. The bonding value is the amount of dried aggregate fines and bitumen
left on the filtering paper measured in grams.

5 Method A
5.1 Apparatus
5.1.1 Compression testing machine

Compression testing machine and testing head with loading strips, according to EN 12697-23.
5.1.2 Vacuum system

Vacuum system (pump, gauge etc.), capable of obtaining a residual pressure of (6,7 ± 0,3) kPa within
(10 ± 1) min and able of maintaining the vacuum for (30 ± 5) min.
5.1.3 Vacuum container

Vacuum container, with a perforated shelf, placed above the bottom.

5.1.4 Water bath

Thermostatically controlled water bath(s), capable of maintaining the prescribed conditioning

temperature according to 5.3.2 and test temperature according to 5.4 in the vicinity of the specimens.
Both temperatures depend on the grade of bitumen of the specimens being tested. The bath shall be
equipped with a perforated shelf, placed on spacers above the bottom. The capacity of the bath shall be
sufficient to ensure that the test specimens can be stored with upper surfaces more than 20 mm below
the water surface.
5.1.5 Air chamber

Thermostatically controlled air chamber (optional), capable of maintaining the prescribed test
temperature according to 5.4 in the vicinity of the specimens.
5.1.6 Other material

Soft plastic bags or other suitable watertight protection (optional), for water bath test temperature
conditioning.
5.2 Specimen preparation
5.2.1 Number of specimens

At least six cylindrical test specimens shall be prepared for each sample to be tested. All specimens shall
be of the same age (prepared the same day).
5.2.2 Dimensions of specimens

The cylindrical test specimens shall have a diameter of (80 ± 2) mm, (100 ± 3) mm, (120 ± 3) mm,
(150 ± 3) mm or (160 ± 3) mm.
For 80 mm nominal diameter specimens, the maximum aggregate size of the bituminous mixture shall
not exceed 11 mm. For 100 mm nominal diameter specimens, the maximum aggregate size shall not
exceed 22 mm. For 120 mm nominal diameter specimens the maximum aggregate size shall not exceed
31,5 mm. For 150 mm and 160 mm nominal diameter specimens, the maximum aggregate size shall not
exceed 40 mm. The specimens shall be cylindrical moulded specimens, laboratory-produced in
accordance with EN 12697-30, EN 12697-31 or EN 12697-32, or cores taken from a slab produced in
accordance with EN 12697-33, or cores taken from a bituminous layer according to EN 12697-27.

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5.2.3 Method of compaction

The test specimens shall be compacted:

a) either to yield a sample with an air void content greater than or equal to the highest required value
for local application. The air void content is determined according to EN 12697-8, based on
densities determined according to EN 12697-5 and EN 12697-6 or EN 12697-7.

b) or by using the following energy levels:

— impact compaction (EN 12697-30): 2 × 25, 2 × 35 or 2 × 50 blows,

— gyratory compaction (EN 12697-31): 25 or 50 gyrations,

— vibratory compaction (EN 12697-32): (80 ± 5) s,

— roller compactor (EN 12697-33): 24 passes (pneumatic tyre compaction procedure).

5.2.4 Visual examination

The specimens shall visually be symmetrical with the curved side even and circular.
5.2.5 Measurement of dimensions

The dimensions of each of the test specimens shall be determined in accordance with EN 12697-29. The
measuring points shall be marked to allow measurements of the dimensions to be repeated between
the same points for wet specimens (5.3.2).
Calculate the volume according to 8.1, Formula (1).
5.2.6 Determination of bulk density

The bulk density shall be determined according to EN 12697-6 or EN 12697-7.

5.2.7 Division into subsets

The test specimens shall be divided into two subsets having approximately the same average height and
average bulk density. The difference of the average heights shall not exceed 5 mm. The difference of the
average bulk densities shall not exceed 0,015 Mg/m3.
5.2.8 Curing of specimens

Store the specimens upright on a flat surface at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C, for a time between 16 h to
24 h from the time of compaction.

5.3 Conditioning
5.3.1 Dry specimens

Store the dry subset of specimens upright on a flat surface at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C.
5.3.2 Wet specimens

a) Place the wet subset of specimens on the perforated shelf in the vacuum container filled with water
at (20 ± 5) °C. The water level shall be at least 20 mm above the upper surface of the test
specimens.

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b) Apply a vacuum to obtain an absolute (residual) pressure of (6,7 ± 0,3) kPa, within (10 ± 1) min.
Decrease the pressure slowly to avoid expansion damage of the specimens.

c) Maintain the vacuum for (30 ± 5) min.

d) Increase the pressure slowly back to atmospheric pressure and leave the specimens submerged in
water for another (30 ± 5) min.

e) Bring the specimens out from the water. Measure the dimensions of the wet specimens in
accordance with EN 12697-29. Calculate the volume according to 8.1, Formula (1). Note in the test
report any specimen which has increased more than 2 % in volume. Proceed immediately to step f).

f) Place the wet subset of specimens in a water bath at (40 ± 2) °C for a period of (72 ± 2) h. When
using bitumen with nominal penetration ranges softer than 160/220 the water conditioning
temperature shall be reduced to (25 ± 2) °C.

5.4 Test procedure

a) After conditioning of the wet specimens, bring the specimens out from the water and let them rest
for 30 min on a flat surface.

NOTE The resting time is needed to ensure that specimens will not be deformed during measuring.

b) Measure the dimensions of each specimen in accordance with EN 12697-29 and weigh them.

c) The test temperature shall be selected in the range between 5 °C and 25 °C with a tolerance
of ± 1 °C. For the choice of test temperature the actual binder grade needs to be considered in order
to obtain maximum influence from binder adhesion and to minimize influence from broken
aggregates in the break line surface. A recommendation of test temperatures for mixtures with
paving grade bitumen is given in Table 1.

Table 1 — Recommended test temperatures

Nominal grade of binder Test

temperature °C
Penetration at 25 °C (0,1 mm) ≤ 70 15 ± 1
Penetration at 25 °C (0,1 mm) > 70 10 ± 1

Kinematic viscosity at 60 °C (mm2/s) > 4000 a 10 ± 1

a Soft bitumens: bitumens designated and specified by kinematic
viscosity at 60 °C.

d) Bring the wet subset of specimens to the test temperature by placing them:

— directly in the water bath

— or in leak-proof, soft plastic bags filled with water, placed in a thermostatically controlled air
chamber. Other suitable watertight containers can be used provided effective heat transfer from
the water bath or air chamber is ensured.

e) Bring the dry subset of specimens to the test temperature by placing them:

— directly in a thermostatically controlled air chamber, or

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— in a water bath, protecting the specimen from the water by a soft plastic bag or other suitable
watertight protection and ensuring that the watertight protection is pressed closely to the surface
of the specimen to allow adequate heat transmission,

f) Store the specimens for at least 4 h in the water bath or air chamber. When using air chamber
conditioning to test temperature, the temperature shall be controlled by placing the test specimens
along with a dummy specimen having a built-in temperature indicator. During the last two hours,
the temperature measured in the vicinity of the wet and the dry set of specimens shall not differ by
more than 1 °C.

g) Dry the surfaces of the wet specimens with a towel and proceed immediately to h).

h) Determine the indirect tensile strength of both the subsets of test specimens in accordance with the
procedure in EN 12697-23. The indirect tensile strength test shall be performed within 2 min after
the specimen has been taken out of the conditioning water or air chamber.

i) Testing of dry and wet samples shall be performed the same day.

6 Method B
6.1 Apparatus
6.1.1 Compression testing machine

Compression testing machine capable of applying the requested load with a speed between
45 ± 2 mm/min and 65 ± 2 mm/min.
NOTE There are no general data available for the minimum requirements for the capacity of the compression
testing machine. The requirements depend on the material being tested and the diameter of the cores being
tested. According to French experience, cores of diameter 120 mm made from high modulus material (bitumen
with nominal penetration ranges of 10/20) yield maximum values of 250 kN.

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Key
1 load frame with diameter > D
2 specimen
D specimen diameter
h specimen height

Figure 1 — Test arrangement Method B

6.1.2 Measuring device

Measuring device capable of determining load to an accuracy of ± 1 %.

6.1.3 Vacuum system

Vacuum system (pump, gauge etc.), capable of obtaining a residual pressure of (47 ± 3) kPa and able of
maintaining the vacuum for (120 ± 10) min. It shall be possible to insert water while vacuum is
maintained.
6.1.4 Vacuum container

Vacuum container, with a perforated shelf, placed above the bottom.

6.1.5 Water bath

Water bath, capable of maintaining a conditioning temperature of (18 ± 1) °C in the vicinity of the
specimens. The bath shall be equipped with a perforated shelf, placed on spacers above the bottom. The
capacity of the bath shall be sufficient to ensure that the test specimens can be stored with upper
surfaces more than 20 mm below the water surface.
6.1.6 Air chamber

Air chamber, capable of maintaining a test temperature of (18 ± 1) °C and a humidity of (50 ± 10) % in
the vicinity of the specimens.
6.1.7 Other material

Soft plastic bags or other suitable watertight protection (optional), for water bath test temperature
conditioning.

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6.2 Specimen preparation

6.2.1 Number of specimens

At least eight cylindrical test specimens shall be prepared for each sample to be tested. All specimens
shall be of the same age (prepared the same day).
6.2.2 Dimensions of specimens

The cylindrical test specimens shall have a diameter of (80 ± 2) mm, (100 ± 3) mm, (120 ± 3) mm,
(150 ± 3) mm or (160 ± 3) mm.
For 80 mm nominal diameter specimens, the maximum aggregate size of the bituminous mixture shall
not exceed 11 mm. For 100 mm nominal diameter specimens, the maximum aggregate size shall not
exceed 22 mm. For 120 mm nominal diameter specimens, the maximum aggregate size shall not exceed
31,5 mm. For 150 mm and 160 mm nominal diameter specimens the maximum aggregate size shall not
exceed 40 mm. The specimens shall be cylindrical moulded specimens, laboratory-produced in
accordance with EN 12697-30, EN 12697-31 or EN 12697-32, or cores taken from a slab produced in
accordance with EN 12697-33, or cores taken from a bituminous layer according to EN 12697-27.
6.2.3 Method of compaction

The test specimens shall be compacted:

a) either to yield a sample with an air void content greater or equal to the highest required value for
local application. The air void content is determined according to EN 12697-8, based on densities
determined according to EN 12697-5 and EN 12697-6 or EN 12697-7.

b) or by using the following energy levels:

— impact compaction (EN 12697-30): 2 × 25 or 2 × 35 blows,

— gyratory compactor (EN 12697-31): 25 or 50 gyrations,

— vibratory compaction (EN 12697-32): (80 ± 5) s,

— roller compaction (EN 12697-33): 24 passes (pneumatic tyre compaction procedure),

— static compaction by application of a constant load for (300 ± 5) s with parameters according to
Table 2.

Table 2 — Static compaction parameters

Specimen diameter [mm] 80 ± 2 100 ± 3 120 ± 3 150 ± 3 160 ± 3

Mass of bituminous mixture [g] 1 000 ± 1 2 000 ± 2 3 500 ± 4 6 700 ± 5 8 000 ± 6
Static load [kN] 60 ± 1 % 120 ± 1 % 180 ± 1 % 280 ± 1 % 280 ± 1 %

6.2.4 Visual examination

The specimens shall visually be symmetrical with the curved side even and circular.
6.2.5 Measurement of dimensions

The dimensions of each of the test specimens shall be determined in accordance with EN 12697-29. The
measuring points shall be marked to allow measurements of the dimensions to be repeated between
the same points for wet specimens (6.3.2).

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The slenderness of the specimens shall be at least 0,5.

Calculate the volume according to 8.1, Formula (1).
6.2.6 Determination of bulk density

The bulk density shall be determined according to EN 12697-6 or EN 12697-7.

6.2.7 Division into subsets

The test specimens shall be divided into two subsets having approximately the same average height and
average bulk density. The difference of the average heights shall not exceed 5 mm. The difference of the
average bulk densities shall not exceed 0,015 Mg/m3.
6.2.8 Curing of specimens

Store the specimens upright on a flat surface at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C, for a time between 16 h to
24 h from the time of compaction
6.3 Conditioning
6.3.1 Dry specimens

Store the dry subset of specimens upright on a flat surface at a temperature of (18 ± 1) °C and with a
humidity of (50 ± 10) % in the vicinity of the specimens.
6.3.2 Wet specimens

a) Place the wet subset of specimens on the perforated shelf in the vacuum container. Apply a vacuum
to obtain an absolute (residual) pressure of (47 ± 3) kPa.

b) Maintain the vacuum for (60 ± 5) min, while letting water into the container. The water level shall
be at least 20 mm above the upper surface of the test specimens.

c) Leave the specimens submerged in water with the pressure maintained at (47 ± 3) kPa for another
(120 ± 10) min.

d) Increase the pressure slowly back to atmospheric pressure.

e) Bring the specimens out from the water. Measure the dimensions of the wet specimens in
accordance with EN 12697-29. Calculate the volume according to 8.1, Formula (1). Note in the test
report any specimen which has increased more than 2 % in volume. Proceed immediately to step f).

f) Place the wet subset of specimens in a water bath at (18 ± 1) °C for a period of (168 ± 2) h.

g) During the last two hours, the temperature measured in the vicinity of the wet and the dry set of
specimens shall not differ by more than 1 °C.

NOTE In order to comply with this specification, the dry subset of specimens could be stored in a waterproof
bag in the bath.

6.4 Test procedure

a) Dry the surfaces of the wet specimens with a towel and proceed immediately to step b).
b) For each specimen, measure the maximum force for the wet set (Fw) and dry set (Fd), respectively
to ± 1 %. Determine the corresponding compressive strengths for the wet set, Cw and dry set Cd. The

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compressive strength test shall be performed within 2 min after the specimen has been taken out of the
temperature conditioning system.

7 Method C
7.1 Apparatus
7.1.1 Graduated glass beaker

Graduated glass beaker, diameter 80 mm, volume approximately 2 500 ml, scale 2 000 ml.
7.1.2 Rubber plug

Rubber plug, fitting the graduated glass beaker.

7.1.3 Filtering paper

NOTE For example, filtering paper suitable for coffee machines.

[Link] Rack for holding the filtering paper

7.1.4 Collecting container

NOTE For example, 2 000 ml graduated glass beaker.

7.1.5 Balance

Balance, capable of reading to ± 0,1 g.

7.1.6 Container for drying the filtering paper

7.1.7 Heating chamber

Heating chamber, capable of maintaining a temperature of (105 ± 5) °C.

7.2 Specimen preparation

a) Take a sample of (1000 ± 10) g from a homogenous bituminous mixture at the age of (60 ± 10) min.

b) Put the sample of (1000 ± 10) g into the graduated glass beaker.

7.3 Test procedure

a) Dry a clean filtering paper in the oven at least 30 min at (105 ± 5) °C. Weigh out the filtering paper
W1 to an accuracy of ± 0,1 g.

b) Fold the bottom joint of the filtering paper twice. Place the filtering paper into the rack and the
collecting container under the rack.

c) Pour (1 500 ± 15) ml of water at a temperature (25 ± 3) °C, over the test sample in the graduated
glass beaker. Seal the graduated glass beaker with the rubber plug. Turn the graduated glass beaker
upside down and up again 10 times fairly quickly so that the mass drops down to the bottom after
every turning. Put the graduated glass beaker on a table for (60 ± 3) s. Repeat the series of ten
turnings again.

d) Wave gently the graduated glass beaker so that all small particles of bituminous mixture left on the
surface of water and on the inner surface of the graduated glass beaker will settle down. Remove

15
BS EN 12697‑12:2018
EN 12697-12:2018 (E)

the rubber plug and pour the liquid immediately on the filtering paper until the amount of liquid in
the graduated glass beaker is 1 000 ml. The particles of bituminous mixture shall not be poured
with the liquid. The time used for the pouring is 15 s to 30 s.

Key
1 mixture
2 liquid
3 filtering paper
4 rack
5 container

Figure 2 — Test arrangement Method C

e) Lift the filtering paper into the container for drying. Dry the filtering paper to constant mass at
(105 ± 5) °C. Weight the mass, W2 to an accuracy of ± 0,1 g.

8 Calculation
8.1 Volume of cylindrical specimens

Calculate the volume, V, according to the formula below:

π
V= × h × d 2 ×10−9 (1)
4

where
V is the volume of the specimen, in cubic metre (m3);
h is the height of the specimen, in millimetre (mm);
d is the diameter of the specimen, in millimetre (mm).
8.2 Indirect tensile strength ratio (Method A)

Calculate the indirect tensile strength ratio, ITSR, according to the formula below:

16
 BS EN 12697‑12:2018
EN 12697-12:2018 (E)

ITS w
ITSR
= 100 × (2)
ITS d

where
ITSR is the indirect tensile strength ratio, in percent (%);
ITSw is the average indirect tensile strength of the wet group, in kilopascals (kPa);
ITSd is the average indirect tensile strength of the dry group, in kilopascals (kPa).
8.3 Compressive strength ratio (Method B)

Calculate the compressive strength ratio, i/C, according to the formulae below:
Cw
i /=
C 100 × (3)
Cd

where
Cw is the average compression strength of the wet group, in kilopascals (kPa);
Cd is the average compression strength of the dry group, in kilopascals (kPa).
8.4 Bonding value (Method C)

Calculate the bonding value, bv, according to the formula below:

bv
= W2 − W1 (4)

where
bv is the bonding value of bituminous mixture, expressed in grams (g);
W2 is the dry mass of filtering paper and the loose material, expressed in grams (g);
W1 is the dry mass of filtering paper, expressed in grams (g).

9 Test report
9.1 Method A

The test report shall contain the following information:

a) identification number and type of mixture;

b) reference to this European Standard;

c) method used (A);

d) number of test specimens;

e) type of specimens (laboratory made, cut or moulded, or core from a pavement – refer to relevant
EN standard), and storage time between mixing and testing;

f) average diameter, height and bulk density of specimens for each of the two (wet and dry) subsets;

g) amount of swelling for specimens which swelled more than 2 %;

17
BS EN 12697‑12:2018
EN 12697-12:2018 (E)

h) test temperature;

i) average indirect tensile strength in kilopascals (kPa) of each of the two (wet and dry) subsets of
specimens;

j) indirect tensile strength ratio, ITSR in percent (%);

k) type of failure (clear indirect tensile break line, deformation failure, or a combination), observation
of binder coating on surface of exposed aggregate, and observations of fractured or crushed
aggregate.

9.2 Method B

The test report shall contain the following information:

a) identification number and type of mixture;

b) reference to this European Standard;

c) method used (B);

d) number of test specimens;

e) type of specimens (laboratory made, cut or moulded, or core from a pavement – refer to relevant
EN standard), and storage time between mixing and testing;

f) average diameter, height and bulk density of specimens for each of the two (wet and dry) subsets;

g) amount of swelling for specimens which swelled more than 2 %;

h) test temperature;

i) average compression strength in kilopascals (kPa) of each of the two (wet and dry) subsets of
specimens;

j) compressive strength ratio i/C in percent (%).

9.3 Method C

The test report shall contain the following information:

a) identification number and type of mixture;

b) reference to this European Standard;

c) method used (C);

d) bonding value, to an accuracy of one decimal.

10 Precision
10.1 Method A

Precision data has not yet been established.

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 BS EN 12697‑12:2018
EN 12697-12:2018 (E)

According to a precision experiment carried out in the USA, using similar indirect tensile testing and a
test temperature of 25 °C, a multi-laboratory standard deviation of the indirect tensile strength ratio
has been found to be 8 %. The maximum allowable difference in indirect tensile strength ratio between
results of tests performed on samples of the same mixture by two different laboratories is 23 %.
The following precision data are estimated from the above mentioned experience:
— Repeatability, r: approximately 15 %;

— Reproducibility, R: approximately 23 %.

10.2 Method B

Repeatability and reproducibility have been determined on the i/C value.

— Repeatability (95 %) r = 7,8 % (standard deviation σr = 2,8 %);

— Reproducibility (95 %) R = 13,4 % (standard deviation σR = 4,7 %).

The study of repeatability and reproducibility of the moisture sensitivity using a compressive strength
and 7 days conservation method was carried out by 14 laboratories in accordance with ISO 5725-2
under the following conditions:
— diameter of moulded specimens = 80 mm;

— bituminous mixture: Asphalt Concrete AC 10;

— average compressive strength ratio, i/C of the experiment: 73 %;

— number of replicates: 4.

10.3 Method C

When the bonding value is smaller than or equal to 2,0 g, the 95 % confidence interval of the value is
smaller than or equal to 0,3 g.

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BS EN 12697‑12:2018
EN 12697-12:2018 (E)

Bibliography

ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic
method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement
method

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