► Veda Samaj of M ~ ~ impired by Brahmo Samaj.
► Swami Ji established the Vedanta Society in America in
(SSC. 2013)
1894. (CGPSC. 2019; UP l.owtr, 2015)
AryaSamaj
► He founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.
► Swami Dayanand Saraswati established Arya Samaj in
Bombay in 1875. (UPPCS. 2004)
(\JP Lower. 2009)
► The headquarta- ofthe Ramakrishna Mission was established
► He gave the slogan, 'Back to the Vedas'. (l\lPPCS, 1997)
at Belur in Howrah. (UPPCS 2004, M.PPCS, 1996, 1999)
► Arya Samaj raised its voice against untouchability, caste
► Subhash Chandra Bose called Swami Vivekananda the
discriminatio n, child marriage and advocated widow
'Spiritual Father of the Modern National Movement'.
remarriage and inter-caste marriage. (CAPF. 201~. 2017)
Theosophical Society
► The 'Sbuddbi Andolan' W& launched by Swami Dayanand
► Madame Blavatsky and Colonel Alcott established the
~ , which reopened Hinduism and opened the doors
Theosophical Society in 1875 in New York.
for the return of people from other religions. (UPPCS. 2010)
(BPSC 2005, UP RO, 2016; 53 rd to 55"' BPSC, 2011)
► Arya Samaj founded the Gau Raksba Andolan and the
► International Office of Theosophical Society was opened
Gau Raksbini Sabha. (SSC MTS. 2019. 2022)
in Adyar (Madm) in 1882.
► Swami Dayanand Saraswati was the first reformer who
► Mrs. Annie Besant became a member of the Theosophical
W& in favour of Shudra and women reading Vedas, getting
higher education, wearing Yajnopavit Society in 1889 and came to India in 1893.
► After the death of Alcott, Annie Besant became the
► Mool Shankar was the childhood name ofSwami Dayanand
Saraswati. President of this society in 1907.
► For development in the field of education in India, Annie
:\lajor Book..~ hy Sn·an1i Da~·anand Saraswati Besant established the Central Hindu College in Benares
I. Satyarth Prakash (1875), 3. Paakhand Khandan{l866), in 1898 which became the 'Banaras Hindu University'
(UK PCS. 2006) in 1916 by the efforts of Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya. Both
2 Panch Maha Yajya Vidhi 4. Advaitmat Khandan ( 1877) Hindu religion and scientific subjects are taught here.
(1874), Other Religious Movements
► He hoisted the Paakhand Khandani Pataka at the Kumbh ► Radhakant Deb established Dharma Sabha in 1830.
of Haridwar in 1867 to symbolise his denial of fake ► Gopal Hari Deshmukh became famous as Lokhitwadi.
religions. (UPPCS, 2015)
► In the political arena, Arya Samaj be1ieved that 'the worst ► The Paramhansa Mandali Organiz.ation was established
of a bad country is better than the best of a foreign state'. in Poona, Satara and other cities of Maharashtra, which
► The word Swaraj was first used by Dayanand. worked against Brahminical orthodoxy and attempted to
(RAS/RTS, 1999)
reform Hinduism.
Young Bengal Movement ► Deva Samaj was founded by Shiv Narayan Agnihotri in
.
► This movement was started by Henry Vivian Derozio m Lahore in 1887. (CAPF, 2014, 2016; UPPCS, 2002)
1826. ► Behramji Malabari founded Seva Sadan in Bombay in
► Surendranath Banerjee accepted Derozio as "the pioneer 1908. (CPOSI, 2008, 2010, 2017)
of the modem civilization of Bengal. ► Servants of India Society was founded by Gopal Krishna
► Derozio is also called the first national poet of Modern Gokbale in 1905. (BPSC. 1998, 1999: UPPCS. 2016)
India. ► The Indian National Social Conference was founded by
Ramakrishna Mission and Swami Vivekananda M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao in 1887. This movement
► Swami Vivekananda was the disciple of Ramakrishna started as a pledge movement to stop child marriage.
Paramahamsa called Swami of Dakshineswar. ► Social Service League was established in 1911 by N.M.
► Swami Vivekananda's childhood name was Narendranath . Joshi.
► He represented India at the World Religion Coofere nee ► Hridaynath Kunzru established the Seva Samiti in
held in Chicago, USA, in 1893. Allahabad (now Prayagraj) in 1914.
(MPPCS, 1993, 2013; UPPCs, 2015; UPPCS, 2008; BPSC, 2020) ► Rahunmai Mazdayasnan Sabha was associated with the
► Before joining this conference, Swami Vivekananda Parsi Refonn Movement which was started in 1851. Naoroj i
changed his name from 'Narendrana th' to Swami Fardun Ji, Dadabhai Naoroji and SS,Bengali, etc. founded
Vivekananda at the suggestion of Khetri Maharaj. it in Bombay.
100
► Rahanumai Mazdayasnan published the Rast
Gofb r ("The
Truth Teller") magazine. ► D.K. Karve established the first Women's University
in
Muslim Reform Movem~nt Mumbai in 1916. (llPPC S. 2002. l1PGIC , 2010)
► Sir Syed Ahm ad Khan launched the Aliga ► Inter-caste marriage was recognized by the enactm
rh Move ment ent of
► He advocated for the abolition of the the Native Marriage Act in 1872. (llPPC S,
Piri Muridi system )
and publi shed a maga zine called Tebz ib-ul ► Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar was a popular leader 2019
-Akh laq of the
(Civilization and Ethics). refonnist organiz.ation Prarthana Samaj.
► 1\1uhammad Qasim Nana utvi and
Rash id Ahm ad
SoclalRefenaer
Related G8"nor-Geaeral
Gangohi in 1866 established Islamic seminary at Sati Practice Lord William Bentinck
Deoband.
► The Moplah or Muslim farmers launched
a powerfu anti- Thugee Practice Lord William Bentick (Colonel Sleeman) ,
landlord movement in the state of Kerala. Slavery Practice J
Lord Ellenborough J
► Shibli Nomani was a suppo rter of Deob I
and. Sarda Act
► He founded Nadw atul-' Ulum and Daru
Lord Irwin
l Uloom.
(BPSC , 1997, 1998; UPPCS, 2014) 8. Indian National Freedom Movements
► Mirz a Gbul am Ahm ad found ed the Ahm
adiyy a
Move ment in 1889. The Indian NationaJ Freedom Movement is mainly
divided
►
into three phases in chronological order -
In 1864, Sir Syed Ahma d Khan founded the 'Scien
tific J. First Phase ( 1885-1905)
Society' and' Aliga rb Musl im -Ang lo Orien tal
College' 2. Second Phase ( 1905-1919)
in 1875. This college was tramf onned into Aligarb
Muslim 3. Third Phase (1919-1947)
University in 1920. (BPSC , 1996; UP RO/ARO, 2016)
► Indian National Union, the precursor
► Sir Syed Ahma d published a magazine ofthe Indian National
named Tehzeeb- Congress (INC), was fonned at the initiative ofA.O.
ul-Akhlaq in 1870. • Hume
in 1885 and it held its first session at Gokuldas
► Ahma diyya move ment oppos ed Jihad Tejpal
. Sanskrit Vidyalaya, Bombay on 28"- December, 1885.
► Mirza GhuJam Ahma d claimed to
be the incarnation of (BPSC, 1997, 2000, 1999; UPPCS, 2007, 10)
Krish na and Jesus Chris t on the Earth after
being the ► At the first Conference, the name of
Messiah and the Mahdi. the Indian National
Union was changed into "Indian National Congr
► At the annua l sessio n of the Musl ess" by
im League, the idea the suggestion ofDadabhai Naoroji.
of a separate nation for Muslims in India was
first time ► Dadabhai Naoroji, Rahnumai, was one of the founders
conceived by the poet Muha mmad Iqbal in 1930. of
Majdayasan Sabha or Religious Reform Association
.
(UPPCS, 2003) ► Self rule or Swaraj as the ultimate
goal of the Indian
► Iqbal used the word 'lnqo ilab' for
the first time in his Urdu National Congress - this was announced by Dadab
book 'Bang-i-Dara'. hai
Naoroj i at the Calcutta session of the Indian Natio
nal
Lower Caste Movement Congress (INC).
► Lowe r caste movement first started in (UPPC 2010; UK PSC 2006; Jharkband PC 2003;
Maharashtra. BPSC 1999)
► Jyoti ba Pbule founded the Satya Sbod
hak Sama j in 1873 Title s RccciYcd b~· and GiYen by
in Bombay to fight against the caste system. (UPPC
S, 1997)
► He wrote a boo~ 'Ghul amgir i'. Tide Received by Given by
(UPPC S, 2000)
► In 1924 Babas aheb Ambe dkar found Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore Mahatma Gandhi
' ed the Bahishkrit
Hitakarini Sabha in Bombay and started the publication Mahatma Mahatma Gandhi Rabindranath Tagore
of a magazine Babis hkrit Sama j in Marathi in 1927. Netaji Subluwl Chandra Bose Adolf Hitler
(UPPCS, 1991, 04) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Women of Bardoli
► In 1932, Maha tma Gandhi name d the untouchabl Deshratna/ Dr. Rajendra Prasad
es as Mahatma Gandhi
'Hari jan', (Chil dren of God) and also estab lished Ajatashatru (BPSC, 2000)
the ~~ lv'
Harijan Sevak Sangh. Quaid-i-A7.am Muhammad Ali Jinnah Mahatma Gandhi
(UPPCS, 2017) ~ea~
► In South India, EV Ramaswamy Bald Desh Nayak Subluwl Chandra Bose Rabindranath Tagore
Naicker started the \'j U\
Self-Respect Movement in 1920. Vivekananda S,vamiVivekananda Maharaja Khetri
-
1; \)~
Other Movements and Reforms Father ofthe Nation Mahatma Gandhi Subhash Chandra
► lshwa r Chandra Vidyasagar worke Bose (UPPCS, 2009)
d tirelessly for widow
remarriage. Raja Ram Mohun Roy Akbar -Il(CP O SI 2004)
101
