Example 1: Printing Multiple Data Types
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i = 10;
float f = 23.45;
char c = 'A';
printf("Integer: %d, Float: %.2f, Character: %c\n", i, f, c);
return 0;
}
Output:
Integer: 10, Float: 23.45, Character: A
Explanation: This example demonstrates using different format specifiers: %d for integers,
%.2f for floating-point numbers with two decimal places, and %c for characters.
Example 2: Reading Different Data Types
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int age;
float salary;
char grade;
printf("Enter your age, salary, and grade: ");
scanf("%d %f %c", &age, &salary, &grade);
printf("Age: %d, Salary: %.2f, Grade: %c\n", age, salary, grade);
return 0;
}
Output (sample input):
Enter your age, salary, and grade: 25 50000.50 A
Age: 25, Salary: 50000.50, Grade: A
Explanation: The scanf function reads values for an integer, a float, and a character using
appropriate format specifiers.
Example 3: Width Specifier with printf
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 123;
printf("Number with width 5: %5d\n", num);
printf("Number with width 10: %10d\n", num);
return 0;
}
Output:
Number with width 5: 123
Number with width 10: 123
Explanation: The numbers are printed with specified minimum field widths. If the number
of digits is less than the specified width, spaces are added.
Example 4: Left Justification with - Flag
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 123;
printf("Left justified with width 10: %-10d\n", num);
return 0;
}
Output:
Left justified with width 10: 123
Explanation: The - flag left-justifies the output within the specified width.
Example 5: Reading a String Using scanf
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[50];
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%49s", str);
printf("You entered: %s\n", str);
return 0;
}
Output (sample input):
Enter a string: Hello
You entered: Hello
Explanation: The scanf function reads a string, stopping at the first whitespace character.
The format specifier %49s ensures that no more than 49 characters are read, avoiding buffer
overflow.
Example 6: Printing Pointers
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 10;
int *ptr = #
printf("Address of num: %p\n", (void *)ptr);
return 0;
}
Output (sample output):
Address of num: 0x7ffee3b12d3c
Explanation: The %p format specifier is used to print a memory address. It's cast to (void
*) to avoid warnings.
Example 7: Printing in Scientific Notation
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
double num = 12345.6789;
printf("Scientific notation: %e\n", num);
return 0;
}
Output:
Scientific notation: 1.234568e+04
Explanation: The %e format specifier prints numbers in scientific notation.
Example 8: Reading Hexadecimal Input
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int hex;
printf("Enter a hexadecimal number: ");
scanf("%x", &hex);
printf("Decimal equivalent: %d\n", hex);
return 0;
}
Output (sample input):
Enter a hexadecimal number: 1A
Decimal equivalent: 26
Explanation: The %x specifier reads a hexadecimal input and stores it as an integer.
Example 9: Printing with Leading Zeros
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 5;
printf("Padded with zeros: %05d\n", num);
return 0;
}
Output:
Copy code
Padded with zeros: 00005
Explanation: The 0 flag pads the number with leading zeros.
Example 10: Printing Strings with a Precision
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[] = "Hello, World!";
printf("%.5s\n", str);
return 0;
}
Output:
Hello
Explanation: The precision .5 in the format specifier limits the number of characters printed
from the string.
Example 11: Reading Formatted Input Using a Field Width
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[20];
printf("Enter a word (up to 10 characters): ");
scanf("%10s", str);
printf("You entered: %s\n", str);
return 0;
}
Output (sample input):
Enter a word (up to 10 characters): Programming
You entered: Programmi
Explanation: The field width 10 in the scanf restricts the number of characters read from
the input to prevent buffer overflow.
Example 12: Handling Special Characters in Strings
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[50];
printf("Enter a string with spaces: ");
scanf("%[^\n]", str);
printf("You entered: %s\n", str);
return 0;
}
Output (sample input):
Enter a string with spaces: Hello World!
You entered: Hello World!
Explanation: The format specifier %[^\n] reads the input until a newline character is
encountered, allowing spaces in the input.
Example 13: Printing Escape Sequences
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Newline character: \\n\n");
printf("Tab character: \\t\tTab Space\n");
printf("Backslash character: \\\n");
return 0;
}
Output:
Newline character: \n
Tab character: \t Tab Space
Backslash character: \
Explanation: Escape sequences are used to print special characters like newlines, tabs, and
backslashes.
Example 14: Using printf to Print a Percentage Sign
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
float rate = 7.5;
printf("Success rate: %.2f%%\n", rate);
return 0;
}
Output:
Success rate: 7.50%
Explanation: To print a literal % character, you use %% in the format string.
Example 15: Reading and Printing Floating-Point Numbers in Different
Formats
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
float num;
printf("Enter a floating-point number: ");
scanf("%f", &num);
printf("Fixed-point notation: %.2f\n", num);
printf("Exponential notation: %.2e\n", num);
return 0;
}
Output (sample input):
Enter a floating-point number: 123.456
Fixed-point notation: 123.46
Exponential notation: 1.23e+02
Explanation: The code demonstrates how to print floating-point numbers using both fixed-
point (%.2f) and exponential notation (%.2e).
