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Definite Integral

The document provides an overview of the definite integral in calculus, highlighting its significance in calculating areas, volumes, and lengths of curves. It includes terminology, properties, and rules for evaluating definite integrals, as well as examples and methods such as integration by parts. Additionally, it discusses even and odd functions in relation to definite integrals.

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16 views13 pages

Definite Integral

The document provides an overview of the definite integral in calculus, highlighting its significance in calculating areas, volumes, and lengths of curves. It includes terminology, properties, and rules for evaluating definite integrals, as well as examples and methods such as integration by parts. Additionally, it discusses even and odd functions in relation to definite integrals.

Uploaded by

m.pojas.556099
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definite Integral

The definite integral is the key tool in calculus for defining and calculating
quantities important to mathematics and science, such as areas, volumes,
and lengths of curved paths. (Stewart, 2000).
Some Terminology and symbol:

1. Upper and lower limits - the boundaries of integration.


2. Riemann Sums - the theory of limits of finite approximations that was
made precise by the German mathematician Bernhard Riemann.
3. b−𝒂. The width of the interval [𝑎,𝑏].
4. ∫ 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 𝒃 𝒂 - This is read as, “the integral from a to b of 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥.”
5. ]𝒂 𝒃 - Symbol for evaluation over interval from a to b.
Properties of Definite Integral

1. If 𝑎 = 𝑏, then the area under the curve is zero

𝒃
න 𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟎
𝒂

2. If 𝑎 and 𝑏 exchange their position the new definite integral is the negative of
the previous integral:
𝒃 𝒂
න 𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = − න 𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒂 𝒃
3. If 𝑦 = k, where k is constant over the interval [𝑎,𝑏], then:

4. If 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 and it is continuous over the interval [𝑎,𝑏] and the interval can be
divided into sub-intervals such as [𝑎,𝑥1], [𝑥1,𝑥2] …, [𝑥𝑛−1,𝑏], then:

5. If 𝒇(𝒙) and 𝒈(𝒙) are both continuous over the interval [𝑎,𝑏], then:
6. If 𝑭(𝒙) is any anti-derivative (primitive) function of 𝒇(𝒙), then:
Definite Integral ( odd & even)

1. Even Function
𝑎 𝑎
න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−𝑎 0

2. Odd Function
𝑎
‫׬‬−𝑎 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0

General Rule
Sample Problem:

2
1. ‫׬‬1 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

4
2. ‫׬‬1 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3 4
3. ‫׬‬1 3𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2

0
4. ‫׬‬−6 4 − 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

73
5. ‫׬‬0 1 + 𝑥 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
‫‪3 2‬‬
‫𝑥 ‪−3‬׬ ‪6.‬‬ ‫𝑥𝑑‬

‫‪5 3‬‬
‫𝑥 ‪−5‬׬ ‪7.‬‬ ‫𝑥𝑑‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪−1‬׬ ‪8.‬‬ ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ‪𝑥 2 +‬‬
Definite Integral (absolute function)

𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 =ቊ
−𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
Sample Problem

7
1. ‫׬‬0 2𝑥 − 7 𝑑𝑥

2
2. ‫׬‬−3 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

4
3. ‫׬‬0 2𝑥 − 5 𝑑𝑥

2
4. ‫׬‬−4 𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥

3
5. ‫׬‬−1 𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥
Integration by Parts
A method of integration specifically helpful when the integrand is a
product of two kinds of function such as algebraic & exponential, algebraic
& trigonometric, exponential & trigonometric and algebraic & logarithmic

න 𝒖 𝒅𝒗 = 𝒖𝒗 − න 𝒗𝒅𝒖
Rule of Thumb for “u” substitution
Sample Problem

1. ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥𝑠𝑜𝑐 𝑥 𝑒 ׬‬

3. ‫ ׬‬ln2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

4. ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬3 1 + 𝑥 2 dx

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