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French Revolution Class 9 Notes

The French Revolution, which began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s, marked the end of monarchy in France and the rise of democracy. Key causes included social inequality, economic crisis, and the influence of Enlightenment thinkers. The revolution led to significant events such as the execution of King Louis XVI, the Reign of Terror, and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, ultimately inspiring democratic ideals and human rights.

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37 views2 pages

French Revolution Class 9 Notes

The French Revolution, which began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s, marked the end of monarchy in France and the rise of democracy. Key causes included social inequality, economic crisis, and the influence of Enlightenment thinkers. The revolution led to significant events such as the execution of King Louis XVI, the Reign of Terror, and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, ultimately inspiring democratic ideals and human rights.

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Class 9 History – French Revolution

Notes
1. Introduction
The French Revolution began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the rise of Napoleon
Bonaparte. It led to the end of monarchy in France and the rise of democracy and new
political ideas.

2. Causes of the French Revolution


- Social Inequality: Division into three estates – Clergy, Nobility, and Commoners.
- Economic Crisis: Heavy taxation on the Third Estate, food shortage, and national debt.
- Absolute Monarchy: Unfair rule by King Louis XVI.
- Influence of Philosophers: Ideas of Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu.
- American Revolution: Inspired the French people.

3. The Outbreak of the Revolution


- The Estates General was called in 1789.
- The Third Estate formed the National Assembly and took the Tennis Court Oath.
- Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, marked the start of the revolution.

4. Abolition of Monarchy and Republic


- King Louis XVI was executed in 1793.
- France was declared a Republic.
- Jacobin Club led by Robespierre took control.

5. Reign of Terror (1793–1794)


- Period under Robespierre’s rule.
- Thousands were executed including nobles and opponents.
- Ended with Robespierre’s execution.

6. Role of Women
- Women participated in protests and demanded equal rights.
- Some improvements like schooling and divorce rights.
- Still denied the right to vote.
7. Slavery Abolished
- Slavery in French colonies was abolished in 1794.
- Slaves were used in plantations in the Caribbean.
- Napoleon later reintroduced slavery, which was finally ended in 1848.

8. Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte


- In 1804, Napoleon crowned himself Emperor.
- Introduced Napoleonic Code: equality before law, ended feudal system.
- Conquered much of Europe but was later defeated.

9. Legacy of the French Revolution


- Ended monarchy and feudal privileges.
- Inspired democratic ideas and human rights.
- Spread the idea of liberty, equality, and fraternity.

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