Faculty of Law United University

SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION AND SYLLABUS

BACHELOR OF LEGISLATIVE LAWS (LL. B.)
FACULTY OF LAW

w.e.f. 2024-25

Faculty of Law
United University
Rawatpur- Jhalwa (Prayagraj)
Uttar Pradesh
 Faculty of Law United University

University Vision
“To establish a Value based Global University having dynamic learning
environment encouraging creativity and innovation, research inspired
experimental learning and focusing on topics that are pertinent to the
development of the region, the Country and the World.”

University Mission
 “To provide a dynamic, inspiring, and varied learning environment with
global exposure.
 To position the institution as a premier hub for research and experiential
learning.
 To develop into an adaptable university meeting the demands of society and
business.
 To incorporate Value thinking, integrity, wisdom and passion in professional
for their career and life.”
Department Vision
“To be a leading center of excellence in legal education, research, and
innovation, dedicated to nurturing ethically sound and socially responsible legal
professionals who contribute to the advancement of justice, equality, and the
rule of law on both national and global platforms”

Department Mission
 “Deliver dynamic legal education integrating theory with practical skills,
enhancing critical thinking, problem-solving, and advocacy.
 Encourage cutting-edge research in law to advance jurisprudence and policy-
making.
 Foster ethical responsibility, shaping students into leaders and advocates for
justice.
 Cultivate an inclusive, supportive environment that promotes diverse
perspectives and equal opportunities.
 Engage in community service through legal aid, pro bono work, and
outreach, promoting social justice.
 Equip students for global legal careers through international collaborations
and exposure to global legal systems. ”
 Faculty of Law United University

Program Educational Objectives (LLB)

PEO 1: Equip students with comprehensive legal knowledge and practical skills
necessary for legal practice and related professions.
PEO 2: Foster critical thinking abilities to analyze legal issues, apply legal
reasoning, and propose effective solutions
PEO 3: Instill a strong sense of professional ethics, integrity, and social
responsibility in legal practice and decision-making.
PEO 4: Develop proficient communication skills in legal writing, oral
advocacy, and negotiation
PEO 5: Cultivate an understanding of international legal systems, global legal
trends, and their implications for local and global communities.

Program Outcomes
On successful completion of the LL.B programme the student will be able to:
PO1 Gain comprehensive understanding of core legal principles and
disciplines
PO2 Develop analytical skills to assess and solve complex legal issues
PO3 Demonstrate professional integrity and ethical conduct in legal contexts
PO4 Master legal writing, advocacy, and communication skills
PO5 Understand global legal frameworks and their impact on societies

Program Specific Outcomes

PSO 1: Promote the enhancement of legal, social, and community institutions
through proactive awareness campaigns and engagement in pro bono initiatives
PSO 2: Analyze and address socio-legal gaps to advocate for effective
measures aimed at upholding the rule of law and ensuring social justice.
 Faculty of Law United University

SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION
COURSE CATEGORY ABBREVIATIONS
1. Core course- CC
2. Program Core-PC
3. Specialization elective- SE
4. Skill Enhancement Course-SEC
5. Compulsory Course-MC
6. Program Elective-PE
7. Open Elective-OE
8. Internship/Project
 Faculty of Law United University

COURSE STRUCTURE FOR L.L.B.

SEMESTER I

Contact Hours: 05
Lectures Tutorials Practicals
S. No. Course Title Course Code Credits
(L) (T) (P)
1 Law of Contract – I FLUCLB101T 3 1 0 4
Jurisprudence and
2 FLUCLB102T 3 1 0 4
Legal Theory
Law of Torts, MVA
3 FLUCLB103T 3 1 0 4
and CPL
4 Law of Crimes FLUCLB104T 3 1 0 4

5 Constitutional Law- I FLUCLB105T 3 1 0 4

6 Family Law- I FLUCLB106T 3 1 0 4

Professional
7 PTSPPLB10T 2 0 0 2
Proficiency
8 Seminar 2 0 0 2

Total 22 6 0 28

SEMESTER II

Contact Hours: 05
S. Lectures Tutorials Practicals
Course Title Course Code Credits
No. (L) (T) (P)
Constitutional
1 FLUCLB205T 3 1 0 4
Law- II
2 Family Law- II FLUCLB206T 3 1 0 4
Public
3 FLUCLB204T 3 1 0 4
International Law
Law of Contract –
4 FLUCLB201T 3 1 0 4
II
Legal Writing &
5 FLUCLB202T 3 1 0 4
General English
Environmental
6 FLUCLB203T 4 0 0 4
Law
Professional
7 PTSPPLB20T 2 0 0 2
Proficiency
8 Seminar 2 0 0 2

Total 23 5 0 28
SEMESTER III
 Faculty of Law United University

Contact Hours: 05
Lectures Tutorials Practicals
S. No. Course Title Course Code Credits
(L) (T) (P)
Administrative
1 FLUCLB301T 3 1 0 4
Law
2 Company Law FLUCLB302T 3 1 0 4

Banking &
3 FLUCLB303T 3 1 0 4
Insurance
4 Human Rights FLUCLB304T 3 1 0 4

5 Labour Law – I FLUCLB305T 3 1 0 4

6 Property Law FLUCLB306T 4 0 0 4

Professional
7 PTSPPLB30T 2 0 0 4
Proficiency
8 Seminar 2 0 0 2

Total 23 5 0 28

SEMESTER IV

Contact Hours: 05
S. Lectures Tutorials Practicals
Course Title Course Code Credits
No. (L) (T) (P)
International
1 FLPCLB401T 3 1 0 4
Trade Law
2 Law of Evidence FLPCLB402T 3 1 0 4

3 Media Law FLPCLB403T 4 0 0 4

4 Competition Law FLPCLB404T 3 1 0 4

5 Labour Law – II FLPCLB405T 3 1 0 4

6 Cyber Law FLPCLB406T 3 1 0 4

Professional
7 PTSPPLB40T 2 0 0 2
Proficiency
8 Seminar 2 0 0 2

Total 23 5 0 28

SEMESTER V
 Faculty of Law United University

Contact Hours: 05
Lectures Tutorials Practicals
S. No. Course Title Course Code Credits
(L) (T) (P)
1 Interpretation of Statutes FLPCLB501T 3 1 0 4

Code of Civil Procedure

2 FLPCLB502T 3 1 0 4
& Law of Limitation
3 Criminology & Penology FLPCLB503T 4 0 0 4

Professional Ethics &

4 FLPCLB504T 3 1 0 4
Court Craft
5 Law of Taxation FLPCLB505T 3 1 0 4

Alternative Dispute
6 FLPCLB506T 3 1 0 4
Resolution
Professional Proficiency
7 PTSPPLB50T 2 0 0 2
(Research Methodology)
8 Seminar 2 0 0 2

Total 23 5 0 28

SEMESTER VI

Contact Hours: 05
Lectures Tutorials Practicals
S. No. Course Title Course Code Credits
(L) (T) (P)
1 Criminal Procedure Code FLPCLB601T 3 1 0 4

Drafting, Pleading &

2 FLPCLB602T 3 1 0 4
Conveyancing
Intellectual Property
3 FLPCLB603T 3 1 0 4
Laws
Law relating to Women
4 FLPCLB604T 3 1 0 4
and Children
Equity, Trust, Fiduciary
5 Relations and Specific FLPCLB605T 3 1 0 4
Relief
Moot Court Exercise,
6 Legal Awareness FLPCLB606P 2 0 2 4
(Practical & Viva Voce)
7 Professional Proficiency PTSPPLB60T 2 0 0 2

Total 19 5 2 26

SEMESTER - I
 Faculty of Law United University

SEMESTER I
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCBL101T& LAW OF CONTRACTS – I

COURSE OUTCOMES:
The outcome of this course is as follow:
1. Providing an understanding of agreements, its enforceability to take shape of a contract
and various provisions affecting its enforceability.
2. Developing skills of analyzing various legal provisions considering practical issues.
3. Improving the students’ level of confidence and interest in engaging with laws
governing physical as well as electronic contracts and drafting the same from the view
point of clients’ interest and well as legal accuracy.
4. Providing an understanding of agreements of different natures like employment contract,
non-disclosure agreements through the legal perspective.

UNIT I:
Introduction: Contract: Meaning, Nature and types,Major Definitions Under Indian Contract
Act, 1872, Formation of an Agreement, Intention to Create Legal Relationship, Doctrine of
Promissory Estoppel, Standard Form Contracts or Contracts of Adhesion, Proposal and
Acceptance-Their various forms, Essential Elements, Counter offer, Communication,
Revocation- Mode of Revocation of Offer

UNIT II:
Capacity to Contract (Ss.10, 11, 12, 64, 65, 68) and Consideration (Ss. 23, 24 & 25):
What agreements are Contracts, Legal Disability to Enter into Contract, Minors, Persons of
Unsound Mind, Effects of Minors Agreement, Persons disqualified by Law, Liability for
Necessaries Supplied to the Minor, Meaning and Nature ofConsideration –NudumPactum,
Doctrine of Privity of Contract and of Consideration- Its Exceptions, Exceptions of
consideration, Adequacy of Consideration: Present, Past and Adequate Consideration

UNIT III:
Free Consent (Ss.13– 22): Consent – Definition, Free Consent and Vitiating Elements,
Coercion, Undue Influence, Fraud, Misrepresentation, Difference in Fraud and
Misrepresentation; and Damages under Section 75 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, Mistake,
Effect on Contracts influenced by any factor Vitiating Free Consent

UNIT IV:
Limitations on Freedom of Contract (Ss.23,26–31),Quasi–Contracts and Unjust
Enrichment (Ss 68 – 72): Legality of Object, Void and Voidable Agreements, Agreements
against Public Policy, Agreements without Consideration, Agreements in Restraint of
Marriage, Agreements in Restraint of Trade, Agreements in Restraint of Legal Proceedings -
Ambiguous and Uncertain Agreements, Wagering Agreements – Its exceptions, Contingent
 Faculty of Law United University

Contracts, Doctrine of Unjust Enrichment, Concept and Classification of Quasi Contracts.

UNIT V:
Discharge of a Contract and Remedies for the Breach Thereof(Ss. 73,74 & 75): By
Performance, Performance by Joint Promisors, Discharge by Novation-Remission, Accord
and Satisfaction, Discharge by Impossibility of Performance - Doctrine of Frustration,
Discharge by Breach – Anticipatory Breach -Actual breach, Damages, Types of Damages,
Remoteness of damages, Ascertainment of Damages, Doctrine of Quantum Meruit.

Specific Relief Act, 1963:

Recovery of Possession of Property, Specific Performance of Contracts, Rectification,
Rescission, and Cancellation of Instruments:,Preventive Relief and Injunctions
Relief aimed at preventing legal wrongs: Nature and manner of granting preventive relief
(Sec. 36)Temporary and perpetual injunctions (Sec. 37)

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dr. Avtar Singh, Law of Contract, EBC, Lucknow (12thEdn. –2017)
2. Nilima Bhadbhade (ed.), Mulla, Indian Contract Act and Specific Reliefs,
Butterworth’s India, New Delhi, Vol. I& II, (12thEdn.- 2001)
3. Dr. R. K. Bangia: Contract, Allahabad Law Agency, Allahabad
4. A.C. Moitra, Law of Contract and Specific Relief, Universal Law Publishing Co.(5 th
Edn.2005)
5. J. Beatson, Anson’s Law of Contract, Clarendon Press, Oxford, (28th Edn. -
2002).Reference

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Chitty on Contracts, Sweet & Maxwell, London, Vol. I&II, (28thEdn.–1999).
2. Michael P. Furmston: Cheshire, Fifoot&Furmston’s Law of Contract, Oxford
University Press, London

E RESOURCES AND OTHER DIGITAL MATERIALS:

1. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43950482
2. https://lawtimesjournal.in/category/legal-articles/indian-contract-act/
3. https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1872-09.pdf

(SEMESTER 1)
 Faculty of Law United University

SUBJECT CODE & NAME:

FLPCLB102T - JURISPRUDENCE & LEGAL THEORY

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Equip students with the tools necessary for legal reasoning, case briefing, interpretation of
statutes, and understanding the judicial process.
2. Develop students' skills to analyze sources of law, precedents, and interpretive methods.
3. Foster an interdisciplinary perspective on legal theory and its role in the functioning of
legal systems.
4. Enhance students' ability to engage with complex legal theories and apply them to
practical issues.

UNIT I: Jurisprudence: Meaning and Significance

Nature and Definitions, Scope of Jurisprudence. Custom- Definition of Custom, Kinds of
Custom- General and Local Customs, Custom and Prescription, Requisites of a Valid
Custom; Legislation- Definition of Legislation, Classification of Legislation- Supreme and
Subordinate Legislation, Direct and Indirect Legislation; Precedent- Definition of Precedent,
Kinds of Precedent, meaning of Ratio Decidendi, Stare Decisis, Obiter Dicta.

UNIT II: Schools Of Law

Natural Law School of Jurisprudence: Characteristic Features of Natural Law School,
Ancient Period, Medieval Period Modern and Postmodern Period Decline of Natural Law
School, Revival of Natural Law School.
Analytical School of Jurisprudence: Characteristic Features of Analytical School of
Jurisprudence-Concept and Nature of Analytical Positivism, J. Bentham and J. Austin’s
Contribution to Analytical Jurisprudence, Hans Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law, H. L. A. Hart’s
Primary and Secondary Rule & Rule of Recognition Analytical Jurisprudence on Function of
Law, Sanction and Sovereignty. Justice- Meaning and Significance; Relationship between
Law and Justice; Theories by Aristotle, H. L.A. Hart, John Rawls and Amartya Sen. Morals-
Meaning, Origin, Importance, Distinction between Law and Morals; Relationship between
Law and Morals.

UNIT III: Schools Of Law

Historical School of Jurisprudence: Characteristic Features of Historical School, Historical
Theories of Law, F.K. von Savigny and Henry Maine’s Perceptions of Historical School and
their Evaluation, Concept of Status to Contract and vice-versa; Sociological School of
Jurisprudence: Characteristics Features of Sociological School, Origin and Development of
Sociological Approach, Evaluation of Theories of Sociological, Jurists: (The balancing of
interest): Ehrlich (The Living Law): Durkheim (Social Solidarity): Weber (Law as a
Legitimate Authority) and Roscoe Pound (Sociological Engineering). Characteristic Features
of Feminist Jurisprudence, American and Scandinavian Realism- Meaning and Central
Features. Jurists: Theories of Oliver Holmes- Badman Theory. Jerome Frank – Skepticism,
 Faculty of Law United University

Father Complex Theory. Carl N. Llewellyn – Law Jobs Theory. Theories and Views of Axel
Hagerstrom, Prof. Olivecrona and Alf Ross, Criticisms of Realists; Contribution of Realists

UNIT IV: Persons, Rights And Duties

Person- Definition and Nature of Personality, Legal Status of Unborn Child, Minor, Idol,
Dead Persons, Animals, Legal Personality of State, Meaning and Status of Corporate
Personality, Kinds of Corporation, Theories of Corporate Personality, Criminal Liability of
a Corporation; Meaning and Definitions of Right, Essential Elements of Legal Right,
Kinds of Rights, Meaning of Legal Duty- Kinds of Duties, Correlation of Rights and
Duties, Theories of Right, Hohfeld’s Analysis of Right-Liberty, Privilege, Power,
Immunity, Meaning of Jural Correlatives and Jural Opposites.

UNIT V: Ownership, Possession, Property

Ownership- Meaning, Definitions, Incidents of Ownership. Austin’s Definition of
Ownership, Salmond’s definition of Ownership, Kinds of Ownership, Significance of
Ownership in Modern Times, Possession- Meaning, Definitions, Theories of Possession and
Kinds of Possession, Property-Meaning and Types.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. S. R. Myneni, Legal Language and Legal Writing, Asia Law House, Hyderabad
2. V. D. Mahajan, Jurisprudence and Legal Theory, Eastern Book Co., Lucknow
3. S. K. Mishra, Legal Language, Legal Writing & General English, Allahabad Law Agency

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Edgar Bodenheimer, Jurisprudence, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
2. B. N. M. Tripathi, An Introduction to Jurisprudence and Legal Theory
3. A. Lakshminath, Precedent in the Indian Legal System, Eastern Book Company
 Faculty of Law United University

(SEMESTER 1)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB103T - LAW OF TORTS, MOTOR VEHICLES ACT, AND CONSUMER
PROTECTION LAW

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Gain a firm understanding of the nature and functions of the Law of Torts.
2. Relate various torts to day-to-day life with practical examples.
3. Understand the remedies and defenses available against various forms of torts.
4. Analyze provisions of the Consumer Protection Act 2019 and its application in real-world
scenarios.
5. Apply knowledge to solve factual situations under tort law, backed by logical arguments.

UNIT I: Introduction To Law Of Torts

Definition, Nature and Scope of Law of Torts; Torts and Crime; Torts and Contract; Essential
Elements of Law of Torts; Pigeon Hole Theory.

UNIT II: Defences

Specific Defences; Volenti non fit injuria; Act of God (Vis major); Inevitable Accident;
Necessity; Private Defense; Novus actus interveniens; Statutory Authority; Judicial and
Quasi-judicial Authority; Parental and Quasi-parental Authority; Parties - Capacity and
Parties in Torts; Joint and Several Tort-feasors; Malfeasance, Misfeasance, Nonfeasance

UNIT III: Liability

Strict Liability – Introduction; Nuisance & Negligence: Nuisance – Definition; Types of
Nuisance: Private, Public and Statutory Nuisance; Essentials of Private Nuisance; Negligence
– Definition; Elements of Negligence; Res Ipsa Loquitor; Contributory Negligence;
Defences; Defamation: Defamation – Introduction – Definition; Libel and Slander – Its
Differences; Essentials of Defamation; Innuendo; Defenses

UNIT IV: Trespass

Trespass to Person; Assault; Battery – Mayhem; False Imprisonment. Trespass to Land –
Definition – Methods – Trespass abinitio – Remedies – Defences; Remedies: Judicial
Remedies; Damages – Types of Damages – Remoteness of Damages; Injunction –
Constitutional Remedies; Extrajudicial Remedies; Self-help – Expulsion of the trespasser.

UNIT V: Consumer Protection Act, 2019

History and Development of Consumer Protection Laws in India; Object and Reasons of
Consumer Protection Act, 2019; Definitions, Consumer Protection Councils; Consumer
Disputes Redressal Agencies; Liability Arising Out Of Accidents: Liability Arising out of
Accidents: Relevant Provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988-Liability without Fault-
Insurance of Motor Vehicle Against Third-Party Risks-Claims Tribulation
 Faculty of Law United University

TEXT BOOKS:
1. R. K. Bangia, Law of Torts (Including Compensation under The Motor Vehicles Act and
Consumer Protection Laws), Allahabad Law Agency
2. J. N. Pandey, Law of Torts, Central Law Publications
3. Avtar Singh, P. S. A. Pillai’s Law of Tort, Eastern Book Company

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. R. F. V. Heuston & R. A. Buckley, Salmond & Heuston on the Law of Torts, Sweet &
Maxwell
2. Tort Law in India by Sathya Narayan
3. Modern Tort Law by V. H. Harpwood
 Faculty of Law United University

(SEMESTER 1)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB104T - LAW OF CRIME

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Introduce the students to the concept of ‘crime’ and ‘criminal law’ in theoretical and
social contexts.
2. Familiarize students with the essential elements of crime and principles of criminal
liability under the BNS.
3. Develop a broad understanding of specific offenses and their implications under BNS.
4. Critically appreciate emerging issues in criminal law.

UNIT I:
Introduction: Concept of Crime: Mens Rea-Actus Reus; Stages of Crime: Intention,
Preparation, Attempt and Completion; Responsibility of State in Detecting, Controlling and
Punishing Crimes
Punishment: Concept of Punishment; Theories of Punishment; Punishment under the Indian
Penal Code; Capital Punishment

UNIT II:
Offences Against Human Body: Culpable Homicide; Murder; Death Caused by Rash &
Negligent Act; Hurt: Grievous and Simple- Assault and Criminal Force; Wrongful Restraint
and Wrongful Confinement; Kidnapping and Abduction.

UNIT III:
Offences Against Property: Theft-Extortion-Robbery-Dacoity; Criminal Misappropriation-
Criminal Breach of Trust; Mischief-Cheating-Criminal Trespass
Offences Against Women: Pornography/Indecent Representation of Women, Eve-teasing,
Outraging Modesty of Woman & Rape, Buying or Selling a Minor for Prostitution; Offence
Relating to Miscarriage; Dowry Death-Cruelty by Husband or Relatives of a Husband

UNIT IV:
General Exceptions: Private Defense; Judicial Acts; Necessity; Consent & Trivial Acts;
Infancy; Insanity & Intoxication; Mistake of Fact; Accident

UNIT V:
Inchoate Crimes & Group Liability: Attempt; Common Intention-Common Object;
Abetment; Criminal Conspiracy
Other Specific Offences: Offences Against the State; Offences against the Religion;
Offences Relating to Documents and Property Marks (Forgery); Defamation

TEXT BOOKS:
 Faculty of Law United University

1. K. D. Gaur, Commentary on the Indian Penal Code, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt.
Ltd.
2. C. K. Takwani, Indian Penal Code, Eastern Book Company
3. Dr. S. R. Myneni, Law of Crimes (Indian Penal Code 1860), Asia Law House

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Crime and Justice in India edited by N. Prabha Unnithan
2. Trials of Truth: India’s Landmark Criminal Cases by Pinky Anand
3. The Criminal Justice System in India by H. R. Bhardwaj
 Faculty of Law United University

(SEMESTER 1)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB105T - CONSTITUTIONAL LAW - I
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Provide an understanding of the constitutional governance process in India.
2. Help students analyze the historical background of constitutional development and the
structure of Indian government.
3. Develop the ability to interpret fundamental rights, duties, and the directive principles of
state policy.
4. Enable students to apply knowledge in strengthening constitutional institutions.

UNIT I:
Introduction to Indian Constitution; Salient features of Indian Constitution; Nature of Indian
Constitution- Unitary or Federal; Preamble of Constitution; Citizenship.

UNIT II:
Fundamental Rights – I; Definition of State (Article 12); Laws inconsistent with
Fundamental Rights (Article 13); Right to Equality (Article 14-18)

UNIT III:
Fundamental Right – II; Freedom of Speech & Expression (Art.19); Protection in respect of
conviction of offences (Art. 20); Protection of Life & Personal Liberty (Art. 21); Safeguards
against arbitrary arrest &detention (Art. 22)

UNIT IV:
Fundamental Right – III; Right against Exploitation (Art. 23-24); Right to Freedom of
Religion (Art. 25-28); Cultural & Educational Right (Art. 29-30); Right to Constitutional
remedies (Art. 32-35)

UNIT V:
Directive Principles & Fundamental Duties; Directive Principles of State Policy (Art.36-
51); Fundamental Duties (Art. 51A); Basic Features of Constitution & Procedure for
Amendment of Constitution.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. V. N. Shukla, Constitution of India, Eastern Books Company
2. D. D. Basu, Constitutional Law of India, Prentice Hall
3. M. P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Austin, The Indian Constitution – Cornerstone of a Nation, Oxford University Press
2. J. N. Pandey, Constitutional Law of India
3. Subba Rao, G.C.V Indian Constitutional Law, Eastern Book Company
 Faculty of Law United University

(SEMESTER 1)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB106T - FAMILY LAW - I

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Understand the family as an institution and the personal laws governing marriage,
divorce, adoption, maintenance, and guardianship.
2. Analyze judicial decisions and legislative acts related to family law.
3. Gain practical insights into laws related to family matters, especially marriage and
divorce, within different personal laws.
4. Develop skills for practicing as a matrimonial lawyer or working on women's and
children's rights at domestic and international levels.

UNIT I: Introduction to Personal Laws

Sources of Hindu Law- Ancient Sources – Shrutis & Smritis, Commentaries & Digest,
Custom; Modern Sources – Judicial Decisions, Legislation, Equity, Justice, and Good
Conscience. Sources of Muslim Law- Primary Sources – Quran, Sunnat, Ahadis, Ijma, Qiyas;
Secondary Sources – Custom, Judicial Decision, Legislation, Equity, Justice and Good
Conscience; Schools of Hindu Law & Muslim Law, Concept of family: Nuclear family
and joint family, Joint Hindu Family (Mitakshara and Dayabhaga): Mitakshara joint family
Mitakshara coparcenary - formation and incidents, Property under Mitakshara law-separate
property and Copercenary property, Dayabhaga coparcenary - Formation and incidents,
Property under Dayabhaga Law, Karta of the joint family-his position, powers, privileges and
obligations, Alienation of property-separate and coparcenary, Debts-doctrines of pious
obligation and antecedent debt. Partition and Reunion Joint Hindu Family as a social security
institution and impact of Hindu Gains of Learning Act and various tax laws on it.

UNIT II: Marriage and Kinship:

Who is a Hindu, who is a Muslim, who is a Christian?; Marriage under Hindu Law:
Nature, Definition, and Forms of Marriage. Conditions for Marriage & Registration of
Marriage. Marriage Ceremonies and proof of Marriage. Degree of Prohibited relationship and
Sapinda relationship. Grounds of Void & Voidable Marriage; Marriage under Muslim
Law: Definition, Nature, and Scope of Muslim Marriage (Nikah). Difference between Hindu
& Muslim Marriage. Essential Conditions of Muslim Marriage. Classification of Muslim
Marriage. The distinction between Shia & Sunni Law of Marriage. Concept of dower(Mehr);
Essential conditions of marriage for valid Christian Marriage 4/ Indian Christian Marriage
Act, 1882, special marriage Act, kinds of marriages under Hindu and Muslim systems.

UNIT III: Matrimonial Remedies

Annulment, Restitution of Conjugal Rights; Judicial separation, Divorce Conditions for grant
of matrimonial remedies under Hindu Marriage Act, Indian Divorce Act. Matrimonial
Remedies for Muslims (Talaq, Ila, Zihar, Tafwiz, khula, Mubara). Muslim wife’s grounds of
divorce 4/ Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939; Bars to Matrimonial Relief.
 Faculty of Law United University

UNIT IV: Maintenance

Maintenance of divorced wives, neglected wives, minor children and parents under Hindu
Marriage Act & Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act; Maintenance of Muslims wives
during and after divorce; Protection of Rights on Divorce Act, 1986. S.125 of Cr.P.C. Child
and the family

UNIT V: Guardianship of person

Natural, Testamentary and Guardian appointed by court; Guardianship of minors’ property
Defacto Guardian; Guardianship under Muslim Law Meaning , Appointment and Removal of
Guardianship; Kinds of guardianship- guardianship in marriage, person and property.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Faiz Badruddin Tyabji, Muslim Law
2. Paras Diwan, Modern Hindu Law, Central Law Agency
3. Vasudha, Towards Uniform Civil Code, ILI Delhi

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Maine’s Treatise on Hindu Law and Usage
2. Mulla, Principles of Hindu Law, LexisNexis
3. Mulla, Principles of Mohammadan Law, LexisNexis
 Faculty of Law United University

SEMESTER – II

(SEMESTER 2)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLPCLB201T - CONTRACT-II
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Understand advanced concepts of contract law, including indemnity, bailment, agency,
and the sale of goods.
2. Apply the provisions of the Indian Contract Act 1872 and other related laws critically.
3. Develop skills for analyzing legal provisions in practical scenarios related to contracts.
4. Gain confidence in engaging with contract law for both physical and electronic
agreements.

UNIT I: Contract of Indemnity (s. 124, 125) and Guarantee (s. 126- 147): Concept &
Definition; Essentials of Indemnity and Guarantee; Rights and Liabilities of parties;
Difference between Indemnity and Guarantee

UNIT II: Contract of Bailment (s. 148- 171) & Pledge (s. 172-179); Concept & Definition;
Essentials of Bailment & Pledge; Rights and Liabilities of Parties

UNIT III: Contract of Agency (s. 182-189, 196-200,201-210); Concept & Definition; Kinds
of Agency; Creation of Agency; Termination of Agency

UNIT IV: The Sale of Goods Act, 1932: Introduction, Concept, and formation of contract of
sale; Conditions and Warranties; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor and Doctrine of Nemo dat quod
non habet; Performance of the Contract, Duties of seller and buyer; Rules relating to delivery
of goods; Unpaid Seller: concept; Suit for Breach of Contract

UNIT V: The Partnership Act, 1930: Definition of Partnership and Partner; Partnership at
Will, Particular Partnership. Registration of firm: Application of Registration and Effects of
Non-Registration. Right, Duties and Liabilities of Partner; Relation of partners to Third
Parties; Incoming and outgoing partners; Dissolution of Firm

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dr. Avtar Singh, Law of Contract & Specific Relief, Eastern Book Company
2. Dr. R. K. Bangia, Sale of Goods Act, Allahabad Law Agency
3. M. Krishnan Nair, Indian Contract Law, Orient Longman

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Cheshire, Law of Contract, Butterworths
2. J. Beatson, Anson's Law of Contract, Oxford University Press
3. Pollock & Mulla, Indian Contract Act 1872, LexisNexis
 Faculty of Law United University

(SEMESTER 2)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB202T - LEGAL WRITING AND GENERAL ENGLISH

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Enable students to use grammatically acceptable and appropriate language in legal
contexts.
2. Help students develop skills in writing concise and clear legal arguments, free from
ambiguity.
3. Equip students with the necessary communication skills for academic, professional, and
legal settings.
4. Strengthen students' command over legal terminology, maxims, and essay writing.

UNIT I: Communication: What is Communication? Characteristic features of Effective

Communication. People Skills - Importance and Roles of Soft Skills, Work ethics, Emotional
Intelligence, Body Language, Leadership, Teamwork, Self-Management. Language: Nature,
features, meaning and definitions

UNIT II: Grammar, Usage & common errors in English; Writing for clarity and Conciseness
(Avoiding, repetition & ambiguity); Common Errors in usage; Use of appropriate words;
Rearrangement of sentences

UNIT III: Legal Language; Introduction to Language and Communication; Use of Legal
Phrases and Terms; List of Legal Terms; Latin Maxim; Pair of Words; One- Word
substitution

UNIT IV: Précis Writing; Method to prepare Precis; Example; Legal Essay Writing;
Preparation for Essay Writing; Essays on- Law and Morals, Human Rights, Socialism in
India, Delay defeats Justice, Dowry System

UNIT V: Translations; Translation From English to Hindi; Legal Words; Some Legal Words
With Their Explanation; Letter Writing

TEXT BOOKS:
1. C. Tripathi, Legal Language, Legal Writing, and General English, Central Law
Publications
2. Wren & Martin, English Grammar & Composition
3. M. Madhu, Legal English, Asia Law House

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. T. E. Bery, The Most Common Mistakes in English
2. Lord Denning, Command of Language in the Profession of Law
3. David Green, Contemporary English Grammar Book
 Faculty of Law United University

(SEMESTER 2)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB203T - ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Develop an understanding of environmental law and its relevance in today's world.
2. Analyze key environmental legislations and tools for environmental protection.
3. Explore the role of the judiciary in protecting the environment.
4. Understand the importance of sustainable development and the legislative response to
environmental degradation.

UNIT I: Meaning, Scope and dimensions of the Environment and Sustainable

Development.
Concept of Environment and various factors associated with it. Legal framework adopted and
applied in Environmental Protection laws. Concept of Sustainable Development: Meaning
and Scope of Sustainable Development. National and International attempts towards
Sustainable Development: : International & National Legal Response: Report of the World
Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), Our Common Future, (Brundtland
Report), 1987-Caring for Earth Document World Summit on Sustainable Development
(WSSD), 2002 (Johannesburg Summit)- Plan of Implementation, Johannesburg Declaration-
Rio+20. Introduction to Environmental Policy in India: Historical background and
Contemporary approach: Environmental Policy Instruments- The National Forest Policy,
1988- The National Water Policy, 2002-The Wildlife Conservation Strategy, 2002- The
National Environment Policy, 2006. Legal Remedies for Environmental Protection: Classical
and Common approach.

UNIT II: Constitutional approach towards the Environmental Protection Laws.

Intersection of Constitutional Philosophy in Environmental Protection: Federal Framework-
Right to Environment-Constitutional Operationalization of Fundamental Right to Pollution
Free Environment-Articles 14, 19(1) (g), 21, 48-A and 51-A (g) of the Constitution-
Environmental Law Making-Parliamentary power under Article 253 to amend law made
under Article 252-Constitutional Status of Fundamental Environmental Principles:
Precautionary Principle, Polluter Pays Principle, Inter-generational Equity, Intra-generational
Equity, Public Trust Doctrine. Creating Human Rights for accountability towards
Environmental Protection: Right-Duty Perspective; Human Right to Environment v. Right to
Development; World Charter for Nature, 1982; Legal framework for Regulation of
Hazardous Industries: Legal & Institutional Framework-The Hazardous Wastes (Management
and Handling) Rules, 1989 as amended in 2000 and 2003. Creating accountability towards
Environmental Protection through Liability Principles: Emerging Trends-Basel Convention
on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, 1989;
Basel Protocol on Liability and Compensation, 1999; Stockholm Convention on Persistent
Organic Pollutants, 2001
 Faculty of Law United University

UNIT III: Law as a medium of Environmental Protection: Legal Perspectives.

Environment Protection Act, 1986: Important Features- Enforcement & Working of the Act.
Water Act, 1974: Salient Features-Regulatory Mechanism- Enforcement & Working of the
Act. The Water Cess (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1977. Air Act, 1981: Salient
Features- Regulatory Mechanism- Enforcement & Working of the Act. Noise Pollution
Rules, 2000: Salient Features-Enforcement & Working of the Act.

UNIT IV: Legal Remedies available for the protection of Environment and promoting
Sustainable Development.
Wildlife Protection Law: Wildlife Policy in India-Salient Features of Wildlife Protection Act,
1972-Enforcement & Working of the Act. Forest Protection Laws: Forest Policy-Salient
Features of Forest Conservation Act, 1980-Regulatory Mechanism & Enforcement-
Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act,
2006 (Forest Rights Act). The Biological Diversity Act, 2002: Regulation Biological
Diversity and Legal Order-Bio-diversity and Legal Regulation-Utilization of flora and fauna
Experimentation on Animals -Legal and Ethical issues -Genetic Engineering. Environmental
Planning for Sustainable Urban and Rural Environment: Master Plans, Zoning, Health and
Sanitation-73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution- Displacement, Resettlement and
Rehabilitation.

UNIT V: Promotion of Environmental Pro Advocacy and Litigation.

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA): Public Participation & Environment Protection. The
National Green Tribunal Act, 2010; Environmental Justice-Access to Environmental Justice.;
Administrative, Statutory and Constitutional Remedies :available for Environmental
Protection in India.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Shyam Diwan & Armin Rosencranz, Environmental Law and Policy in India, Oxford
University Press
2. Dr. N. V. Pranjape, Environmental Laws and Management in India, Thomson Reuters
3. P. Leelakrishnan, Environmental Law in India, Butterworths

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Surendra Malik & Sudeep Malik, Supreme Court on Environmental Law
2. Md. Zafar Mahfooz Nomani, Environment Impact Assessment Laws, Satyam Law
International
3. The State of India’s Environment – A Citizen’s Report by the Centre for Science and
Environment
 Faculty of Law United University

(SEMESTER 2)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB204T - PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Develop knowledge of the nature and scope of public international law.
2. Understand the structure of the international legal system and the roles of international
organizations.
3. Analyze key areas of public international law, including the law of treaties, state
responsibility, and human rights.
4. Apply principles of international law to solve contemporary legal issues involving state
and individual actors.

UNIT I:
Basic Aspects of International Law; Nature and basis of International Law, definition of
International Law, Relationship between Municipal Law and International Law, Sources of
International Law (Treaties custom, general principles, recognized by civilized Nation, ICJ
decisions). State as subject of international law: essentials of statehood, not fully sovereign
states and other entities, right and duties of states, modes of acquisition and loss of State
territory, state responsibility.

UNIT II:
Recognition succession: Concept of recognition, theories, kinds and consequences of
recognition, recognition. Individual as a subject of International Law: The Basic
modification, post charter in the position: Nationality, extradition, UNO & Human Rights,
UDHR, Covenant on Civil Political Rights, 1966, Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural
Rights, 1966.

UNIT III:
Equitable resource utilization and justification: law of sea air space, law of outer space,
common heritage of mankind. State jurisdiction: Basis of jurisdiction sovereign immunity,
diplomatic privileges and immunities.

UNIT IV:
Law of Treaties: Making of Treaty, Reservations to treaty, Pacta sunt servanda, modes of
termination of treaty, Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes etc.

UNIT V:
UNO, Principles and Purpose of UNO, Security Council (Composition, powers and
functions), General Assembly (Composition, powers and functions, ECOSOC (Composition,
powers and functions) Trusteeship Council, ICJ (Composition, types of jurisdiction)
International Economic Institutions:
a) WTO (Organization and functions)
 Faculty of Law United University

b) IMF (Compositions, powers and functions)

c) IBRD (Composition, powers & function) and
d) UNCTAD.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ian Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law, Oxford University Press
2. Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law, Cambridge University Press
3. H. O. Agarwal, International Law and Human Rights, Central Law Publications

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. J. G. Starke, Introduction to International Law, Aditya Books
2. Oppenheim, International Law
3. S. K. Kapoor, Public International Law, Central Law Agency
 Faculty of Law United University

(SEMESTER 2)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB205T - CONSTITUTIONAL LAW – II

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Provide an understanding of the Indian Constitution, including the structure and functions
of the central and state governments.
2. Analyze the powers and relationships between various organs of government.
3. Understand the autonomy of constitutional bodies like the Supreme Court, high courts,
and the Election Commission.
4. Develop the ability to critically analyze recent constitutional judgments.

UNIT I: Election, Qualifications and Terms of Office of President; Privileges, Powers and
Duties of President; Impeachment of President; Functions and Powers- Judicial Functions-
Pardoning Power (Article 72); Legislative Functions- Participation, Rule Making,
Declaration of Emergency, Financial Emergency, Ordinance Making Power, Effect of an
Ordinance, Justiciability of Ordinance Making Power; The Vice – President; Qualifications
&Election of Vice-President; Functions& Terms of Office of Vice; Council of Ministers;
Appointment of Minister; Council of Ministers & Cabinet, Working of the Executive,
President – A Titular Head, Prime Minister, Cabinet, Collective Responsibility; The State
Executive; Extent of Executive Power of the State; Delegation of Executive Power by the
Union to the States.

UNIT II: Union & State Legislature; The Union Legislature – Parliament; Composition of
Parliament & Houses of Parliament; Duration & Sessions of the Houses of Parliament;
Qualification for Membership of Parliament; Powers of Speaker, Deputy speaker &
Chairman; Ordinary, Money Bills & Financial Bills; Parliament’s Control over Financial
System- Committee on Estimates, Committee on Public Accounts, Consolidated Fund of
India &Contingency Fund of India; The State Legislature; Composition & Duration of State
Legislature; Qualification of Membership of State Legislature

UNIT III: Union & State Judiciary; The Union – Supreme Court; Composition of Supreme
court; Qualifications & Appointment of Supreme Court Judges & National Judicial;
Appointment Commission; Impeachment of Judge of Supreme court; Jurisdiction of Supreme
court- Original, Writ, Appellate, Advisory; Powers to Punish for Contempt & Concept of
Curative Petition
The State – High Court; Appointment, Transfer of Judge of High Court; Terms of Office&
Removal of Judge of High Court; Jurisdiction & Powers of High Court

UNIT IV: Distribution of Legislative & Executive Powers; Distribution of Financial Powers
& Finance Commissions; Administrative relations between the Union & States; Inter-State
Relations & Freedom of Trade & Commerce; Trade commerce and intercourse within the
territory of India, Services under the Union and the states, Emergency Provisions; Freedom
 Faculty of Law United University

of Trade, Commerce & intercourse; Power of the Parliament to impose restrictions on trade
commerce and intercourse

UNIT V: Fundamental Principles of Elections; Nature of the Right to Vote or Contest an

Election; Election Commission; Commission- A Multi Member Body ; Power and Function
of Election Commission; Legislative Power Regarding Elections; Election Disputes; Public
Services; Attorney-General for India ; Advocate-General; Comptroller & Auditor General

TEXT BOOKS:
1. N. Shukla, Constitution of India, Eastern Book Agency
2. D. D. Basu, Shorter Constitution of India, Prentice Hall
3. M. P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Glanville Austin, Indian Constitution – Cornerstone of the Nation, Oxford University
Press
2. H. M. Seervai, Constitutional Law of India, Universal Law Publishing Co.
3. Jagdish Swarup, Constitution of India, Modern Publications
 Faculty of Law United University

(SEMESTER 2)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB206T - FAMILY LAW – II

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Understand property, inheritance, and guardianship under Hindu and Muslim personal
laws.
2. Analyze historical and contemporary legal principles of succession and inheritance.
3. Develop skills for practicing in family courts, focusing on succession, adoption, and
guardianship issues.
4. Gain insight into the provisions of the Indian Succession Act and its relevance in today's
legal environment.

Unit I: Property: Concept of property; Meaning of Property; Types of property; Property:

Scope; Evolution. Schools of Hindu Law; Right to Succession

Unit II: Inheritance: Inheritance- Hindus, historical perspective of traditional Hindu law as
a background to the study of Hindu succession Act, 1956; Succession to property of a Hindu
male dying intestate under the provisions of Hindu Succession Act. 1956. Devolution of
interest in Mitakshara coparcenary with reference to the provisions of Hindu Succession Act,
1956. Succession to property of Hindu female dying intestate under the Hindu Succession
Act. 1956. Disqualifications relating to succession, General Rules of Succession, Hindu
Succession amendment Act, 2005.

Unit III: Muslim law of Inheritance:

Muslim Law of Inheritance and Succession: Rules governing Sunni and Shia law of
inheritance. Differences between Shia and Sunni Law, Administration of Estates; Wills under
Muslim Law; Indian Succession Act: Domicile; Intestate Succession; Will-Codicil
Interpretation; Revocation of Will.; Bequests: Conditional; Contingent or void bequests;
Legacies; Probate and letters of administration; Executor-administrators; Succession
certificate.

Unit IV: Guardianship: Guardianship of person; Meaning under Muslim Law; Meaning
under Hindu Law; Essential; Natural; Testamentary; Guardian appointed by court.;
Appointment and Removal of Guardianship; Guardianship of minor’s property; Defacto
Guardian.

Unit V: Legitimacy and Adoption; Legitimacy of a child: Meaning; Legitimacy under

Hindu Law; Legitimacy under Hindu Law; Rights of a legitimate and illegitimate child;
Adoption under Hindu Law: Conditions of a valid adoption; Capacity to adopt; Capacity to
be adopted; Property and succession rights of a child after adoption
Adoption under Muslim Law: Conditions of a valid adoption; Capacity to adopt; Capacity
to be adopted; Property and succession rights of a child after adoption
 Faculty of Law United University

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Paras Diwan, Family Law, Central Law Agency
2. Mulla, Principles of Hindu Law, Lexis Nexis
3. Mulla, Principles of Mohammedan Law, Lexis Nexis

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. G. C. V. Subba Rao, Family Law in India, S. Gogia & Company
2. Asaf A. A. Fyzee, Outlines of Mohammedan Law, Oxford University Press
3. Tahir Mahmood, The Muslim Law of India, Law Book Company
 Faculty of Law United University

SEMESTER II
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
PTSPPLB20T & PROFESSIONAL PROFICIENCY (COURT HIERARCHY &
FILING PROCESS)

COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Better representation of him/her in terms of communication skills, overall personality
development and aptitude building required for jobs.
2. This program will help students becoming employable and ready for Industries /corporate
and other Public and Private Sector jobs.

UNIT I:
Introduction to Court Hierarchy
 Understanding Jurisdiction:
 Civil, criminal, and specialized courts (e.g., Family Court, Consumer Forum).
 Appellate and original jurisdictions.
 Hierarchy of Courts:
 Supreme Court
 High Courts
 District and Sessions Courts
 Tribunals (e.g., NGT, CAT, ITAT)

UNIT II:
Filing Process
 Selection of the Correct Court:
 How to determine jurisdiction (territorial, pecuniary, subject-matter).
 Court fee and other prerequisites.
 Preparation of Case Papers:
 Drafting a plaint/petition/complaint.
 Affidavits, annexures, and supporting documents.
 E-Filing and Physical Filing:
 Step-by-step procedure for electronic filing in various courts.
 Manual submission process at court registries.
UNIT III:
Tribunals and Specialized Forums
 Introduction to Tribunals:
 Structure and jurisdiction of prominent tribunals.
 Distinction between tribunals and regular courts.
 Practical Filing in Tribunals:
 Unique procedures (e.g., filing before NCLT, Consumer Forums).
 Common challenges and solutions.

UNIT IV:
Understanding Listing Mechanisms:
 How cases are listed for hearing.
 Role of cause lists.
Faculty of Law United University

SEMESTER – III
 Faculty of Law United University

SEMESTER III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB301T - ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Understand the role of administrative law in ensuring just and efficient governance.
2. Analyze the relationship between administrative law and constitutional law, focusing on
the doctrine of separation of powers and rule of law.
3. Evaluate the scope of delegated legislation, administrative discretion, and judicial review
of administrative actions.
4. Gain insight into grievance redressal mechanisms, including the role of the Ombudsman
and the Right to Information Act.

Unit I: Meaning, nature and scope of Administrative law: Evolution of Administrative

Law with special reference to USA, UK, France, and India. Constitutional Law and
Administrative Law: A Critical Analysis. Rule of Law: Principles as laid down by Droit
Administartif and Henry VIII Clause. The doctrine of Separation of law with reference to
USA and India. Scope of Delegated legislation under Administrative Law.

Unit II: Meaning, Nature and Scope of Administrative Adjudication: Meaning and Scope
of Administrative Adjudication; Reasoning and Growth of Administrative Adjudication and
Need in the present scenario. Nature of Administrative discretion and need in the process of
Governance. Meaning and Nature of Administrative Adjudicatory Bodies: Tribunals Need,
Nature, Jurisdiction and Procedure, Overview of Tribunals in India with Special Reference to
Administrative Tribunals established under the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, Civil
Courts vis-à-vis Tribunals, Legal Status and Jurisdictional Conflicts.

Unit III: Delegated legislation: Meaning and Analysis: Introduction to Delegated

Legislation: Meaning and Scope of Delegated Legislation. Delegated Legislation and
Constitution of India, Power of Exclusion & Inclusion and Power to Modify Statute-
Conditional Legislation and Delegated Legislation. The doctrine of Ultra Vires, Doctrine of
Excessive Delegation ('Delegatus non potest Delegare’). Substantive & Procedural Judicial,
Procedural and Legislative Control. Administrative Directions and Delegated Legislation and
Sub-Delegation. Rationality and Exercise of Control on Delegated Legislation: Parliamentary
Control, Procedural Control and Judicial Control.

Unit IV: Fundamentals of Administrative Discretion in Administrative Law: Meaning of

Administrative Discretion. Administrative Discretion and Rule of law. Administrative
Process and Judicial Review: Writ Jurisdiction, Appeal by Special Leave (Art. 136)- Judicial
Review of Administrative Action through Writs- Grounds of Judicial Review. Natural
Justice- Doctrine of Legitimate Expectation and Doctrine of Proportionality
Unreasonableness and Non-exercise of discretionary power. Locus-standi and Public Interest
Litigation. Concept of State Monopoly: Corrective Measures against arbitrary action or for
acting against public policy, Liability of Public and Private Corporations. Legal remedies and
 Faculty of Law United University

Accountability, Committee on public undertakings, Estimates Committee and other

committees involved.

Unit V: Grievance Redressal Mechanism for Dispute Settlement and Concept of

OMBUDSMAN & Right To Information Act: Concept of Conciliation and Mediation and
role of Social Action Groups; Role and relevance of Media, Public Participation in Policy
Making; Concept of Institution of Lokpal and Lokayuktas (Ombudsman) and the Right to
Information Act, 2005.Concept of Judicial Standards and Accountability in Governance.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dr. U. P. D. Kesari, Administrative Law, Central Law Publication
2. A. B. Kafaltiya, Textbook on Administrative Law, Universal Law Publishing
3. H. W. R. Wade & C. F. Forsyth, Administrative Law, Oxford University Press

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Indian Law Institute, Cases and Material of Administrative Law
2. Report of the Law Commission on Administrative Law
3. M. P. Jain, Principles of Administrative Law, Lexis Nexis

SEMESTER III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB302T - COMPANY LAW
 Faculty of Law United University

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Understand the legal structure and framework governing companies in India.
2. Analyze the process of incorporation, management, and winding up of companies.
3. Examine the roles and responsibilities of directors, shareholders, and other stakeholders
in corporate governance.
4. Evaluate the legal provisions related to corporate financing, corporate social
responsibility (CSR), and company meetings.

Unit I: Incorporation and Formation of Company:

Company and Other Forms of Business Organizations; Different Kinds of Company: One
Person Company, Foreign Company; Process of Incorporation- Nature and Content; Doctrine
of Indoor Management; Doctrine of Ultra Vires; Doctrine of Constructive Notice;
Memorandum and Articles of Association

Unit II: Corporate Financing:

Prospectus and Statement in lieu of Prospectus; Shares, Share Capital and Debenture,
Debenture Bond; Classification of Company Securities; Inter-corporate Loans; Role of Court
to Protect Interests of Creditors and Share holders, Class Action Suits, Derivative Actions.

Unit III: Corporate Governance:

Kinds of Company Meetings and Procedure; Powers, Duties, and Kinds of Director:
Independent Director, Women Director; Different Prevention of Oppression and
Mismanagement; Investor Protection Insider Trading; Corporate Fraud; Auditing Concept

Unit IV: Corporate Social Responsibility:

CSR- Meaning, Concept, and Relevance; Historical Backdrop; Position in India; Challenges
faced in the evolution; CSR and Companies Act, 2013

Unit V: Corporate Breakdown:

Meaning of Winding up, Liquidation and Dissolution; Modes of Winding-up; Winding up by
the Tribunal; Analysis of grounds of Winding- up by Tribunals.; Liquidators-Appointment,
Powers ,and Functions

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Avtar Singh, Company Law
2. T. P. Ghosh, Companies Act 2013
3. Ramaiyya, Guide to Companies Act 2013

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Charlesworth & Morse, Company Law
2. Gower & Davies, Principles of Modern Company Law
3. Nicholas Bourne, Principles of Company Law
Faculty of Law United University

SEMESTER III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB303T - BANKING AND INSURANCE LAW
 Faculty of Law United University

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Understand the basic principles and tools of banking and insurance law.
2. Analyze the role of banking and insurance laws in the development of the Indian
economy.
3. Examine the regulatory framework governing banking operations, including the role of
the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
4. Develop insights into the laws governing various forms of insurance, including life,
marine, and property insurance.

Unit I: Introduction:
Nature and development of Banking. History of Banking in India; Kinds of Banks and their
functions; Controls by Government and its agencies. Lending, credit policy. Reconstruction
and reorganization. Banker Customer relationship. Legal character

Unit II: Social Control over banking:

Nationalization; Protection of depositors; Nature and types of accounts; Special customers of
Bank and precautionary measures; Registration of banking companies; Insured banks;
Liability of DIC to depositors.

Unit III: The Central Bank:

Evaluation of Central Bank; Its functions; As Bankers’ Bank; Bankers’ to Government; Note
issuing authority; Credit control; Exchange control; Non-banking Companies; Financial
companies

Unit IV: General Principles of Law of Insurance:

Nature of insurance contract; Proposal, policy, parties; Consideration; Need for utmost good
faith; Insurable interest; Indemnity; Constitutional perspectives; Commencement of risk,
attachment and duration; The Insurance Act, 1938 and the Insurance Regulatory Authority
Act, 2000; Life insurance: nature and Scope; Event insured against life insurance contract;
Circumstances affecting the risk; Amount recoverable under the policy; Double insurance
and reinsurance

Unit V: Marine Insurance:

Nature and scope; Consideration of marine policies; The Marine Insurance Act, 1963;
Insurable interest, insurable value; Condition, express warranties, construction of terms of the
policy; voyage- deviation, perils of the sea; Assignment of policy; Return of premium;
Property Insurance; Fire insurance; The Emergency Risks (factories) Insurance; The
Emergency Risks (Goods) Insurance; Policies covering risk of explosion; Glass plate
policies; Burglary and theft policies; Livestock policies; Goods in transit insurance

TEXT BOOKS:
1. P. N. Varshney, Banking Law and Practice
2. Avtar Singh, Banking and Negotiable Instruments
 Faculty of Law United University

3. M. L. Tannan, Banking Law and Practice in India

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. R. N. Chaudhary, Banking Laws
2. V. R. Harpwood, Modern Insurance Law

SEMESTER III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB304T - HUMAN RIGHTS
 Faculty of Law United University

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Understand the conceptual, philosophical, and historical foundations of human rights.
2. Analyze the role of international human rights norms and institutions in protecting human
rights globally.
3. Develop knowledge of the legal framework for the enforcement and protection of human
rights in India.
4. Explore the societal issues that impact human rights, focusing on vulnerable groups and
the need for balance between rights and duties.

Unit I: Conceptual Background Of Human Rights:

Concept of Human Rights; Origin and Development of Human Rights; Rights: inherent,
inalienable, universal, indivisible. Values: Dignity, liberty, equality, justice, unity in
diversity; Need for balance between Rights and Duties, Freedom and Responsibility

Unit II: Philosophical and Historical Perspectives:

Theories of human rights; History of human rights civilization; Human rights movements

Unit III: International Human Rights Standards:

UN Charter; Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948; International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights 1966; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
1966; International Covenants on Inhuman Acts- Genocide, Apartheids, Torture, Slavery,
Slave Trade, Forced and Compulsory labour, Traffic in Persons and Prostitution, Women
Racial Discrimination. Vulnerable groups and Human Rights, Women, Children and Migrant
workers, Refugees, Older Persons, Disabled persons, Indigenous People
.
Unit IV: Human Rights and Duties In India:
Evolution: Independence movement, making of the Constitution; Indian Constitution:
Fundamental Rights; Directive Principles; Fundamental duties; Their Interrelationship;
Enforcement and protection mechanism of human rights in India; Judiciary; National Human
Rights Commission and other Commissions and Committees; Non-governmental
organizations; Information Media; Education

Unit V: Societal Problems and Importance of Internalizing Human Rights:

Core Problems: Poverty, underdevelopment, and illiteracy; Women, children, and the
disadvantaged groups; Importance of internalizing Human Rights Values-Urgent need for not
only sensitizing others about human rights, Self-inculcation, Duty to respect others' rights and
each other's human dignity.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. D. D. Basu, Human Rights
2. Upendra Baxi, The Future of Human Rights, Oxford University Press
3. S. K. Kapoor, International Law and Human Rights, Central Law Agency
 Faculty of Law United University

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Patanjali Nandan Chaturvedi, The United Nations & The Human Rights
2. Henry Steiner & Philip Alston, International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, and
Morals
3. Mamta Rao, Law Relating to Women and Children

SEMESTER III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB305T - LABOUR LAW - I
COURSE OUTCOMES:
 Faculty of Law United University

1. Gain an understanding of the history and evolution of labour laws and trade unionism in
India.
2. Analyze key labour legislations, including the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and the
Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923.
3. Understand the processes of collective bargaining and dispute resolution mechanisms in
the industrial sector.
4. Explore the concept of strikes, lock-outs, and the legal provisions governing them under
labour law.

Unit I: History And Evolution Of Labour Legislation And Trade Unionism:

Evolution of Labour legislation: Origin and development. Evolution of concept of master
and servant relationship; Theory of Laissez Faire; Role of the International Labour
Organization in setting labour standards; History of Trade Unionism in India and relevance
in present context. Definition of Trade Union and Trade Dispute; Registration of Trade
Unions. Legal Status of Registered Trade Union. Mode of Registration. Powers and Duties of
Registrar. Cancellation and Dissolution of Trade Union. Procedure for Change of Name.
Amalgamation and Dissolution of Trade Union; Disqualifications of Office-bearers, Right
and Duties of Office-bearers and Members; General and Political Funds of Trade Union;
Civil and Criminal Immunities of Registered Trade Unions; Recognition of Trade Union.

Unit II: Introduction of The Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 and its Provisions:
Meaning and nature of Industrial Disputes. Definition of Industry and Workman-Industrial
Dispute. Meaning and Concept of Collective Bargaining. Conditions Precedent: Merits and
Demerits. Bargaining Process and Impact of Globalization on Collective Bargaining.
Mechanism for the settlement of industrial Disputes, Unfair labour practices.

Unit III: Introduction And Scope Of Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act,
1946:
Definitions under the Industrial Employment (Standing Order) Act, 1946. Procedure for
Certification of Standing Orders. Duration and modification of Certified Standing Orders.
Domestic enquiry and disciplinary proceedings given under the Act.

Unit IV: Introduction And Scope Of The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923:
Definition of Dependent. Partial and Total Disablement. Workmen’s Compensation and
Disablements. Employer’s Liability to Pay Compensation. Meaning of Notional Extension of
Employer’s Liability. Calculation of Compensation under the Act. Introduction and Scope of
the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961: Salient Features of the Act. And Maternity Benefits.

Unit V: Meaning And Nature Of Economic Exploitation: Coercive Approach Towards

Labour Welfare:
Meaning and Concept of strike; Gherao, Bandh and Lock-out. Types of Strike and Rights to
Strike and Lock-out. General Prohibition of strikes and lock-outs. Prohibition of Strikes and
Lock-outs in Public Utility Services. Illegal Strikes and Lock-outs. Justification of Strikes
 Faculty of Law United University

and Lock-outs. Penalties for Illegal strikes and Lock-outs. Wages for Strikes and Lock-outs.
Definition of Lay-off and Retrenchment. Compensation: Compensation to Workmen in Case
of Transfer of Undertaking Closure. Closure, Prevention and Regulation, Conditions:
Precedent for Retrenchment, Special Provisions Relating to Lay-off, Retrenchment and
Closure in Certain Establishments, Procedure for Retrenchment and Re-employment of
Retrenched Workmen and Penalty, Disciplinary Action and Domestic Enquiry. Prerogative of
Management during the Pendency of Proceedings and Notice of Change.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. S. N. Misra, Labour & Industrial Law, Central Law Publication
2. V. G. Goswami, Labour Law
3. Y. S. Purohit, Industrializing Economy and Labour Market in India, Mittal Publication

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Indrani Mukherjee, Industrial Workers in a Developing Society, Mittal Publications
2. Dr. S. R. Myneni, Labour Laws, Asia Law House
3. E. A. Ramaswamy, The Worker and Trade Union, Allied Publishers

SEMESTER III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB306T - PROPERTY LAW
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Understand the basic and advanced concepts of the law of transfer of property.
 Faculty of Law United University

2. Analyze the various modes of transferring property, such as sale, exchange, mortgage,
lease, and gift.
3. Apply the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, in practical scenarios.
4. Develop skills for interpreting property-related laws and analyzing legal provisions
related to the transfer of immovable property.

Unit I: Introduction
Concept & Meaning of Property; Kinds of Property; Interpretation Clause (Section 3):
Distinction between Movable and Immovable Property- Attestation- Actionable Claim-
Doctrine of Notice

Unit II: Transfer Of Property By Act Of Parties

Meaning of Transfer of Property(Section 5): Modes of Transfer of Property What Property
may be Transferred (Section 6)-Doctrine of Feeding the Grant by Estoppels (Section 43);
Competency of a Person to Transfer Property (Section 7): Conditional Transfer (Sections 10,
11, 25)-Rules against Perpetuity (Sections 13, 14, 15)- Vested and Contingent Interest
(Sections 19 and 21); Doctrine of Election (Section 35): Transfer by Ostensible Owner
(Section 41)- Lis Pendens and Part-Performance (Sections 52, 53A)

Unit III: Specific Transfer-I

Laws Relating to Sale, Exchange and Mortgage (Sections 54-56, 118-120, 58-60, 81, 91)

Unit IV: Specific Transfer-Ii

Law Relating to Lease and Gift (Sections 105-111, 122-127)

Unit V: Easement
Concept and Meaning of Easement; Creation and Extinction of Easement; License-
Difference between Easement and License

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dr. R. K. Sinha, The Transfer of Property Act, Central Law Agency
2. G. C. V. Subba Rao, Law of Transfer of Property
3. Avtar Singh, Textbook on Property Law

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Mulla, Transfer of Property Act
2. Poonam Pradhan Saxena, Property Law
3. G. P. Tripathi, Law of Transfer of Property
SEMESTER III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
PTSPPLB30T & PROFESSIONAL PROFICIENCY (LEGAL RESEARCH &
WRITING)
 Faculty of Law United University

COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Better representation of him/her in terms of communication skills, overall personality
development and aptitude building required for jobs.
2. This program will help students becoming employable and ready for Industries /corporate
and other Public and Private Sector jobs.

UNIT I:
Fundamentals of Legal Research
 Introduction to Legal Research
 Meaning, Nature, and Scope of Legal Research
 Types of Legal Research: Doctrinal and Non-Doctrinal Research
 Importance of Legal Research in Legal Practice and Academia
 Research Methodology
 Identifying a Research Problem
 Formulating Hypothesis
 Objectives and Scope of Research
 Sources of Legal Information
 Primary Sources: Statutes, Case Laws, Constitutions, Treaties
 Secondary Sources: Commentaries, Journals, Digests, Encyclopedias
 Electronic Resources: Legal Databases (e.g., SCC Online, Manupatra, HeinOnline)

UNIT II:
Research Design and Data Collection
 Research Design
 Concept and Types of Research Design
 Preparation of Research Proposal
 Data Collection Techniques
 Doctrinal Research Method: Library-based and Case Law Analysis
 Empirical Research Method: Surveys, Questionnaires, and Interviews
 Sampling Techniques in Empirical Research
 Tools for Data Analysis
 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
 Use of Statistical Tools in Legal Research.

UNIT III:
Legal Writing Skills
Introduction to Legal Writing

 Characteristics of Effective Legal Writing: Clarity, Precision, and Coherence

 Faculty of Law United University

 Types of Legal Writing:

 Academic Writing: Research Papers, Essays, and Dissertations

 Professional Writing: Legal Opinions, Case Comments, and Legislative Drafting

Drafting Legal Documents

 Memorandum of Law
 Legal Briefs and Client Opinions
 Case Summaries and Headnotes
 Referencing and Citation Techniques
 Introduction to Citation Styles: Bluebook, OSCOLA, and MLA
 Avoiding Plagiarism in Legal Research

UNIT IV: Writing and Presenting a Legal Research Report.

 Structuring a Legal Research Report
 Introduction, Literature Review, Research Methodology, Findings, Analysis, Conclusion,
and Recommendations
 Drafting Techniques
 Language, Style, and Tone in Legal Writing
 Footnotes, Endnotes, and Bibliography Preparation
 Presentation of Research
 Preparing for Oral Presentation of Research Work
 Use of Visual Aids in Presentations
 Handling Questions During Presentation
 Ethics in Legal Research
 Integrity and Honesty in Research
 Confidentiality and Respect for Intellectual Property
 Faculty of Law United University

SEMESTER – IV

SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB401T - INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Understand the legal framework governing international trade, including treaties,
conventions, and the role of international institutions.
2. Analyze the principles of free trade, tariffs, and non-tariff barriers, as well as the dispute
settlement mechanisms of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
3. Evaluate the impact of international trade agreements on domestic legal systems.
4. Develop an understanding of key international trade regulations, including anti-dumping,
subsidies, and safeguards.

Unit I: The World Trade Organization- I:

Introduction to International trade and the law of the WTO, Sources of WTO Law, Basic
rules and principles of WTO Law. Economic Theories of free trade-Absolute Advantage
theory; Comparative Advantage theory; Heckscher–Ohlin theory; Leontief Paradox and New
trade theory. Historical background- of WTO- Evolution of GATT as a trading institution and
transition of GATT to WTO; Marrakesh Agreement. WTO as an International institution-
Origin of WTO; Mandate of WTO; Membership of WTO; Institutional structure of the WTO;
Decision-making in the WTO; Other Issues-status of WTO; budget of WTO.; WTO Dispute
Settlement - Dispute Settlement Understanding; Principles of dispute settlement; Institutions
of WTO settlement; WTO dispute settlement proceedings; Main challenges to the WTO
dispute settlement system. Principles of Non-discrimination-Most favored nation treatment
and National treatment obligation. Dumping-Anti-dumping Measures

Unit II: World Trade Organization-II:

WTO Jurisprudence on TBT and SPS Agreements-Agreement on Sanitary and Phy to
Sanitary Measures; Agreement on Technical barriers to Trade; WTO and environment
protection. General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATs) - Meaning of trade in services.
General obligations. Specific obligations. Financial services. Telecommunication services,
India and the GATs. Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) - IPRS
covered by TRIPs. Rights of patentees under the TRIPs. Compulsory licensing. Public health
and the TRIPs. Indian response to the TRIPs. Agreement on Agriculture; Trade Related
Investment Measures (TRIMS)

Unit III: Transnational Transactions And Resolution:

Transnational Commercial Laws: Meaning and scope of Transnational Commercial Law.
Evolution of Law Merchant. Sources of Transnational Commercial Law. Movement towards
unification of national commercial laws. UNIDROIT and UNCITRAL. International
Carriages- Carriage of goods by sea; Carriage by air; Multimodal transportation. International
 Faculty of Law United University

Sales of goods- Vienna Convention on Contract for International Sale of Goods; Drafting of
International Commercial contracts- an Introduction. International Payments- The role of
International Chamber of Commerce in the development of Transnational Commercial Laws;
Uniform Customs and Practices on Documentary Credits.

Unit IV: International Commercial Arbitration and the role of ICSID and UNCITRAL:
General Principles of International Commercial Arbitration: Formation, validity and scope
and enforcement of Arbitration Agreements. Parties to an arbitration agreement and
procedural stages of arbitration; Role of Courts. Law relating to International Commercial
Arbitration. Role of ICSID in settlement of Investment Disputes.

Unit V: Law And Policy On Trade And Investment- Indian Perspective:

Introduction to Law and Policy of Export-Import Trade in India; Foreign Trade
(Development and Regulation) Act, 1992. Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. Special
Economic Zones and International trade; Law relating to Customs- Customs Act, 1962;
Foreign Investment in India-Liberalization in the nineties. Foreign Investment Promotion
Board. Current issues relating to foreign direct investment. The Industries (Development and
Regulation) Act and its application.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Raj Bhala, International Trade Law: Theory and Practice, Lexis Nexis
2. Indira Carr, International Trade Law, Cavendish Publishing
3. Peter Van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization,
Cambridge University Press

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. John H. Jackson, The World Trading System, MIT Press
2. Michael J. Trebilcock, The Regulation of International Trade, Routledge
3. S. K. Verma, An Introduction to International Trade Law, Pearson Education
 Faculty of Law United University

SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB402T - LAW OF EVIDENCE
Course Outcome:
1. Analyze and define the concept and general nature of evidence, and illustrate the different
types of evidence and court procedures relating to evidence.
2. Analyze the rule relating to the relevance of evidence and admissibility of evidence
before the court.
3. Evaluate the rules relating to dying declaration and admissibility of dying declaration.
4. Determine and analyze the standard of proof and burden of proof in civil and criminal
cases, and specify types of presumptions.
5. Analyze and evaluate the rules governing examination in chief, cross-examination and
reexamination, and establish the procedures in the conduct of a civil or criminal trial.
6. Determine the rules relating to competence and compellability of witnesses in relation to
case study material.

Course Content
Unit I: Introductory: Conceptions of evidence in classical Hindu and Islamic Jurisprudence;
The Introduction of the British “Principles” of evidence; The Main Features of the Indian
Evidence Act, 1872. Applicability of Evidence Act, Administrative Tribunals, Industrial
Tribunals, Commissions of Enquiry, Court-martial. Central Conceptions in Law of Evidence.
Facts: Section 3 defines relevant facts/facts in issue, Evidence: Oral and documentary and
real Primary and secondary evidence, Circumstantial Evidence and Direct and indirect
Evidence-Hearsay Evidence, “proving” not proved and “disproving”, Witness, Appreciation
of Evidence Presumption (Section 4), The Doctrine of res gestae (Sections 6,7,8), Test
identification parade, DNA Testing(Sec.9), Evidence of Common Intention (Section 10), The
problems of relevancy of “Otherwise” Irrelevant Facts (Section 11), Proof of Custom
(Section 13), Facts concerning state of body and mind (Sections 14,15 & 16).

Unit II: Admissions and Confessions: General Principles concerning Admissions (Sections
17-23); Differences between “Admission” and “Confession”, The problems of non-
admissibility confessions caused by, “any inducement, threat or promises” (Section 24);
Inadmissibility of confession made before a police officer, (Section 25); Admissibility of
“Custodial” Confessions (Section 26); Admissibility of information” received from an
accused person in custody; with special reference to the problem of discovery based on “joint
statement” (Section 27); Confession by co-accused (Section 30), the problems with the
judicial action based on a “retracted confession”. Statement of persons who cannot be called
as witnesses:
• Dying declarations (Section 32) the judicial standards for appreciation of evidentiary
value of dying declarations.
• Other statements by persons who cannot be called as witnesses, Sections 32(2) to (8) and
33:
 Faculty of Law United University

Unit III: Relevance of judgments: General Principles (Sections 40-44); Admissibility of

Judgments in Civil and Criminal matters (Section 43), “Fraud” and collusion” (Section 44).
Expert testimony: General principles (Sections 45-51), Who is an expert? Types of expert
evidence, the problems with expert testimony. Evidence of character.

Unit IV: Oral evidence: General principles concerning Oral Evidence (Sections 59-60),
exceptions to hearsay evidence. Documentary evidence: General Principles concerning
documentary evidence, primary and secondary evidence,(Section 61-66) Public document
and private document(Sections 74-78) Cardinal principle relating to documentary evidence
(Sections 91-92) attested documents (Section 67-72) Ambiguous documents (Section 93-100)
presumptions regarding documents (Section 79-90).

Unit V: Witnesses: Competency and compellability of witnesses, Examination of witnesses,

Competency to testify (Section 118-122); Privileges of communications: matrimonial
privileges(Section 122) State Privilege (Section 123), Professional Privilege (Sections
126,127,128); Accomplice (Section 133); General Principles of Examination (Sections 135-
166), Leading Questions (Sections 141-143), Lawful Questions in Cross-Examination
(section 146), Hostile witness (Section154), Impeaching of the standing the credit of
witnesses (Section 155), Refreshing the memory (Sec. 159); Burden of proof: The general
conception of burden of proof (Section 101-104), General and Special Exceptions to burden
of proof, Presumption as to dowry death (Sections 113-B), The Scope of the doctrine of
judicial notice (Sections56-57) Facts admitted need not be proved (Sec 58). Estoppels’: What
is Estoppels? Estoppels, Res judicata and waiver; and presumption, Promissory estoppel,
(Secs. 115-117) Improper admission and of witness in civil and criminal cases. (S. 167).

Text Books:
1. Batuk Lal: The Law of Evidence, Central Law Agency, Allahabad.
2. M. Monir: Principles and Digest of the Law of Evidence, the Universal Book Agency,
Allahabad.
3. Vepa P. Saradhi: Law of Evidence, Eastern Book Co., Lucknow.
4. Avtar Singh: Principles of the Law of Evidence, Central Law Publications.
5. V. Krishnama Chary: The Law of Evidence, S. Gogia & Company, Hyderabad

Reference Books
1. The Indian Evidence Act by Dr V Nageswara Rao 3rd Edition, Lexis Nexis.
2. Relevancy, Proof and Evaluation of Evidence in Criminal Case, Justice U L Bhat, 1st
Editon Lexis Nexis.
 Faculty of Law United University

SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB403T - MEDIA AND LAW
Course Outcome:
1. To promote for the benefit of the public compliance with ethical standards of conduct and
with the law by journalists, broadcasters, and all others engaged in or responsible for the
media.
2. To advance the education and training of the public and in particular members of
charitable and non-charitable voluntary organizations in India and elsewhere in all forms
of communication media and in particular the effective utilization thereof.
3. This type of law emphasizes on fields like freedom of speech, defamation, privacy,
censorship, contempt and freedom of information.

Course Content
Unit I: Introduction to Mass Media: Mass media - Types of – Press Films, Radio
Television: Ownership patterns – Press – Private – Public; Ownership patterns – Films –
Private, Ownership patterns – Radio & Television, Public; Difference between visual and
non-visual media – impact on people’s minds.

Unit II: Dimensions &Constitutionality of Media: Press – Freedom of speech and

Expression – Articles 19 (1) Includes Freedom of the press, Laws of defamation, obscenity,
blasphemy and sedition; Law relating to employees wages and service conditions, Price and
page Schedule Regulation, Newsprint and Control Order, Advertisement, Press and the
Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act Films; Censorship of films; The
Cinematography Act; Difference between films and press.

Unit III: Radio and Television: Government Monopoly: Effect of television on people;
Report of the Chanda Committee, Government Policy; Commercial advertisement, Internal
security of serials, etc; Freedom to telecast.

Unit IV: Regulation and Regulatory bodies of Media: Radio and television subject to the
law of defamation and obscenity, Power to legislate – Article 246 read with the seventh
schedule; Power to impose a tax – licensing and license fee. Copy Right Act, 1999;
Defamation; Print Media and Registration Act, 1867. Bodies:
• Press Council of India,
• Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of India ;
• Central Board for Film Certification;
• Advertising Standards Council of India;
• Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995

Unit V: Judiciary on Media Freedom: Judicial Review of Media Freedom and related case
studies.
Text Books:
1. M.P. Jain, Constitutional Law of India (1994) Wadhwa.
 Faculty of Law United University

2. H.M. Seervai, Constitutional Law of India Vol. 1. (1991) Tripathi, Bombay.

3. Rajeev Dhavan “On the Law of the Press in India” 26 JI.L/288 (1984).
4. Rajeev Dhavan, “Legitimating Government Rehtoric: Reflections on some Aspects of the
Second Press commission”26 J.L/.391 (1984) .
5. Soli Sorabjee, Law of Press Censorship in India (1976).

Reference Books:
1. History of Press, Press Laws and Communications, BN Ahuja, Surjeet Publications.
2. Mass Media Laws and Regulations in India, Venkat Iyer (Edited), Bahri Sons.
3. Media Ethics, Barrie Macdonald and Michel Petheram, Continuum International
Publishing Group.

SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
 Faculty of Law United University

FLUCLB404T - COMPETITION LAW

Course Outcome:
1. The fundamentals of Competition Law and the essential doctrines governing it.
2. The legal features of a company and their implications in business.
3. The legal framework of Competition Law and its regulatory functions.

Course Content
Unit I: History and development of competition law: History and development of
competition law; Historical development in; US; EU; Development in India – Hazari Study,
Mahalanobis Committee, Monopolies Inquiry Commission, Sachar Committee, Enactment of
MRTP Act, 1969, Raghavan Committee, Competition Act, 2002. 7Basic Concepts: Goals of
Competition Law, Competition Policy and Competition Law. Models of Competitive Market,
Monopoly- Monophony, Oligopoly, Monopolistic, Perfect Competition and Workable
competition Efficiency. Market- Types of Market - Relevant Product market, Relevant
Geographic Market, Enterprise; Agreement, Cartel and Consumer.

Unit II: Regulation under Competition Act, 2002: Regulation of Collusion in the Market
and Abuse of Dominant Position; Anti- Competitive Agreements under the Competition Act,
2002; Appreciable Adverse Effect on Competition in the Market; Determination of Relevant
Market; Rule of Reason and Per se Rule; Horizontal and Vertical restraints. Determination
and Regulation of Cartel, Bid Rigging; Exemptions, Penalties under Indian Competition
Law; Dominance in the Market, Relevant Market, Appreciable Adverse Effect on
Competition in the Market. Abusive Conducts under the Competition Act, 2002, Types of
abuse- Exclusionary Abuse, Exploitative Abuse; Penalties; Prevention of Abuse of
Dominance under Indian Competition Law

Unit III: Nature of Regulations: Regulations of Combinations; Combinations; Merger;

Acquisition; Amalgamation; Takeover; Horizontal, Vertical and Conglomerate Mergers;
Combinations covered under the Competition Act, 2002; Penalties; Regulation of
Combinations under Indian Competition law

Unit IV: Competition Advocacy: Competition Advocacy and Emerging Trends in

Competition Law; Competition Advocacy in India and other jurisdictions; Intellectual
Property Rights and Competition Law; Relation between International Trade Law and
Competition Law; Possibility of International Competition Law.

Unit V: Enforcement Mechanisms under the Competition Act, 2002: Enforcement

Mechanism; Enforcement Mechanisms under the Competition Act, 2002; Competition
Commission of India (CCI); Constitution of the CCI; Powers and Functions; Jurisdiction of
the CCI - adjudication and appeals; Director General; Removal of Competition Appellate
Tribunal (CAT); Introduction of NCLAT- Appellate Tribunal

Textbooks:
 Faculty of Law United University

1. Conceptual Foundation of Competition Law in India: Law and Interpretation of the

Competition Act, 2002

SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB405T - LABOUR LAW-II
 Faculty of Law United University

Course Outcome
1. The students will understand and know about the Meaning and Scope of Social Security
and the Protection of the vulnerable sections of Labour.
2. The students will understand the Nature and Scope of The Minimum Wages Act, 1948
and its provisions for the welfare of the workforce.
3. The students will understand the Nature and Scope of The Payment of Wages Act, 1936
to ensure just and right wages for the workforce.
4. The students will be able to understand the Nature and Scope of The Factories Act, 1948,
its significant provisions and its functions in Factories establishments.
5. The students will understand the Nature and Scope of The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
and The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 for the welfare of the workforce.

Course Content
Unit I: Meaning and Scope of Social Security and Protection of the Vulnerable sections
of the Labour: Concept, Evolution and Constituents of Social Security. Object of Social
Security Laws-, Social Security and Constitution. International Labour Organization on social
security of the labour. Meaning and Understanding of Unorganised Labour. Bonded Labour
Legislation; Abolition of Bonded Labour and Implementation of the Act. Contract Labour:
Meaning and Relevance. Labour Standards and World Trade Organization (WTO).

Unit II: Introduction and Scope of The Minimum Wages Act, 1948: Concept of
Minimum Wage, Fair Wage, Living Wage and Need Based Minimum Wage.Minimum
Wages Act, 1948 and Constitutional Relevance. Procedure for Fixation and Revision of
Minimum Wages. Fixation of Minimum Rates of Wage by Time Rate or by Piece Rate.
Procedure for Hearing and Deciding Claims. Concept of Authorized Deductions and
Remedial Measures under the act.

Unit III: Introduction and Scope of The Payment of Wages Act, 1936: Object Scope and
Application of the Act. Definition of Wage under the Act.Responsibility for Payment of
Wages. Fixation of Wage Period.Time of Payment of Wage. Deductions and its limit as given
in the Act.

Unit IV: Introduction and Scope of The Factories Act, 1948: Concept of “Factory”.
Approval, Licensing and Registration of Factories. Meaning of Manufacturing Process,
Worker and Occupier. General Duties of Occupier. Measures to be taken in Factories for
Health, Safety and Welfare of Workers. Working Hours of Adults. Employment of Young
Person and Children and protection available. Annual Leave with Wages. Provisions
Regulating Employment of Women in Factories and various protective measures available.
Unit V: Introduction and Scope of The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 and The
Employees State Insurance Act, 1948: Nature and Provisions of Equal Remuneration Act,
1976. Meaning of Same Work or Work of Similar Nature. Obligations of Employer as
defined by the Act. Provisions of Remedial Measures available for labour Rights
 Faculty of Law United University

Enforcement. Nature and Scope of the Employees State Insurance Act, 1948. Application &
Scope of the Act. Constitution Validity and relevance of the Act. Meaning of Employee,
Family & Dependent. Meaning of Employment-Injury and Workmen.

Text Books
1. Labour& Industrial Law, S. N. Misra, Central Law Publication, Allahabad.
2. Industrializing Economy and Labor Market in India, Y. S. Purohit: Mittal Publication,
New Delhi.
3. Labour Law, V.G.Goswami.

Reference Books:
1. Industrial Workers in a Developing Society, Indrani Mukherjee: Mittal Publications,
New Delhi.
2. Labour Laws, Dr. S.R. Myneni: Asia Law House, Hyderabad.
3. The Worker and Trade Union, E. A. Ramaswamy, Allied Publishers, New Delhi.

SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB406T - CYBER LAW

Course Outcome:
 Faculty of Law United University

1. Make Learners Conversant With The Social And Intellectual Property Issues Emerging
From ‘Cyberspace
2. Explore The Legal And Policy Developments In Various Countries to Regulate
Cyberspace.
3. Develop The Understanding Of the Relationship Between Commerce And Cyberspace.
4. Give Learners In-Depth Knowledge Of the Information Technology Act And the Legal
Frame Work Of the Right To Privacy, Data Security, And Data Protection.
5. Make a Study On Various Real-Time Crimes

Course Content
Unit I: Introduction: Overview of cyber-law; Basic concepts like cyber-law, cyberspace;
Building blocks of cyberspace; Evolution of Internet and types of net; Defining computer,
computer network, computer system, computer system; Cyber Jurisprudence at International
and Indian Level
Unit II: Jurisdictional Aspects in Cyber Law: Issues of the jurisdiction in cyberspace;
Types of jurisdiction; The Test evolved-Minimum Contacts Theory, Sliding Scale Theory
and Effects Test and International targeting. Jurisdiction under IT Act, 2000

Unit III: Cyber Crimes& Legal Framework: Civil wrongs under IT Act; Cyber Crimes
against Individuals, Institutions, and State; Various other offenses under IT Act, 2000;
Appropriate bodies for redressing civil and criminal offense.

Unit IV: Right to Privacy and Data Protection on internet: Concept of privacy and Threat
to privacy on the internet; Self - regulation approach to privacy; Ingredient to decide
confidentiality of information; Breach of sensitive personal information and confidentiality
under IT Act and penalties for the same. Right of Interception under IT Act. Privacy invasion
by individuals, state and corporate bodies.

Unit V: A digital signature, Electronic Signature, E-Contracting, E-Governance, and E-

Commerce: Concept of public key and private key; Certification authorities and their role;
Creation and authentication of digital signature; Concept of electronic signature certificates;
Salient features of E-contract; Formation of E-contracts and Types; Indian Approach on E-
contracts; Electronic Governance - Concept of electronic records and electronic signatures-
Rules for attribution, acknowledgment and dispatch of such records; E-commerce-Salient
Features and advantages and challenges posed; Models of E-commerce like B2B,B2C, and
examples; Indian Laws on E-commerce.

Text Books
1. Karnika Seth, Computers, Internet and New Technology Laws published by LexisNexis.
2. Apar Gupta, Commentary on Information Technology Act published by LexisNexis
3. Rohas Nagpal, Cyber Crime and corporate liability published by Wolter Kluwers
4. K. Kumar, Cyber Laws: Intellectual property & E-Commerce, Security, 1st Edition,
Dominant Publisher.
 Faculty of Law United University

Reference Books:
1. Vakul Sharma, Handbook Of Cyber Laws Macmillan India Ltd, PHI,
2. Justice Yatindra Singh, Cyber Laws, Universal Law Publishing, 1st Edition, New Delhi.

SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
PTSPPLB40T & PROFESSIONAL PROFICIENCY (CLIENT COUNSELLING AND
PRE-TRIAL PREPARATIONS)
 Faculty of Law United University

COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Better representation of him/her in terms of communication skills, overall personality
development and aptitude building required for jobs.
2. This program will help students becoming employable and ready for Industries
/corporate and other Public and Private Sector jobs

UNIT I:
Introduction to Client Counselling
 Concept, Importance, and Objectives of Client Counselling.
 Types of Client Counselling (Legal Advice, Emotional Support, Strategic Guidance)
Essential Skills for Effective Client Counselling
 Communication Skills
 Empathy and Active Listening
 Ethical Considerations and Professional Responsibility
Stages of Client Counselling:
 Initial Contact, Fact-Gathering, Problem Identification, and Solutions.
 Techniques and Approaches to Client Counselling (Directive vs. Non-Directive
Counselling).

UNIT II: Techniques of Fact-Finding and Case Evaluation

 Fact-Finding: Methods, Sources, and Challenges
Interviewing Techniques for Effective Fact-Gathering
 Structured and Unstructured Interviews
 Recording and Documenting Information.
 Assessing the Strength and Weakness of a Case.
 Identifying Legal Issues and Setting Priorities.
 Confidentiality and Attorney-Client Privilege in Fact-Finding.
.
UNIT III: Pre-Trial Preparations
 Drafting and Filing of Legal Documents (Pleadings, Affidavits, Applications)

 Drafting of Notices, Legal Opinions, and Contracts.

 Pre-Trial Motions and Strategy Development.

 Preparing for Negotiation, Mediation, and Arbitration.

 Briefing Counsel and Preparing Witnesses for Trial.

 Practical Exercises on Client Counselling and Drafting.

UNIT IV: Trial Readiness &Mock Client Counselling

 Preparing the Trial File and Case Summary.
 Mock Client Counselling and Pre-Trial Preparations (Practical Assessment)

SEMESTER V
 Faculty of Law United University

SEMESTER V
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB501T - INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES

Course Outcome: By the end of the course you are expected to:
1. Understand and explain the doctrine of judicial precedent.
2. Distinguish between findings of fact and law.
3. Distinguish between ratio decidendi and obiter dicta.
4. Explain the application of the Constitution and legislation as sources of legal authority.
5. Distinguish between the various rules and approaches to statutory interpretation.
6. Organize and manage your time and resources effectively.

Course Content
Unit I: Introduction to Interpretation of Statutes: Meaning of Interpretation of Statutes,
Objects & Kinds of Interpretation of Statutes. Difference Between Construction and
Interpretation, Concept and Power of Interpretation.

Unit II: Primary Rules: Literal or Grammatical Rule, Golden Rule, Mischief Rule (Rule in
the Heydon’s case) Purposive Rule. Secondary Rules or Subsidiary Rules of Interpretation:
Noscitur a Sociis, Ejusdem Generis, Reddando Singula Singulis.

Unit III: Aids to Interpretation ana Commencement of Statutes; Retrospective effect of

Statutes, Repeals and Temporary Statutes: Internal Aids: Definitions; Interpretation
clauses General Clauses Act, Proviso, Exceptions and saving clauses. External Aids: General
Travaux preparatoires or surrounding circumstances, Parliamentary History, Commencement
of Statutes, Retrospective effect of Statutes, Consequences of Repeals, Temporary Statutes.

Unit IV: Interpretation with reference to the subject matter of Statutes: Taxing Statutes,
Penal Statutes Remedial and Beneficial Statutes. Rules of statutory interpretation: their judge
made character, Legalism and Creativity: Mischief and Golden Rule, Rule of Construction in
Fiscal And Criminal Statutes, Technicality: Rules as to necessary and implied repeal: Rule
for interpretation of codifying, consolidating and amending statute.

Unit V: Constitutional interpretation, differentiation from statutory interpretation Rex Vs

Burah as example, Literal interpretations, Harmonious construction, Reference to constituent
assembly debates, Pith and substance, Occupied field, Residuary power, Repugnancy,
Amending power Directive Principles as source of constitutional nterpretation. stare decisis,
the doctrinehas inherited by us, Techniques of innovation (Subversion) of stare decisis,
Supreme Court’s authority to over rule its own decisions (Eg: Antulay Case), Advisory
jurisdiction and its import on precedent, retrospective overruling in India, Objections to
judicial review as anti-majoritarian. Principles of legislation: Principles of the civil code,
principles of the penal code of punishments.
 Faculty of Law United University

Text Books:
1. D. D. Basu — Limited Government and Judicial Review.
2. G.P Singh “Principles of Statutory Interpretation, (9th Edition) 2008, Wadhwa, Nagpur.
3. Vepa P. Sarathi: Interpretation of Statutes, Eastern Book Co, Lucknow
4. Chatterjee: Interpretation of Statutes.
5. S. Bindras’s Interpretation of Statutes, 2007, Lexis Nexis Butterworths, New Delhi.
6. P, Interpretation of Statutes, (2008) Orient Publishing, New Delhi.
7. Bakshi, P.M. Interpretation of Statutes. (2008) Orient Publishing, New Delhi.

Reference Books:
1. Jeremy Bentham: Theory of Legislation, Butterworths Publications.
2. St. Langan (Ed.) Maxwell: Interpretation of Statutes, Butterworths Publications
3. Crawford: Interpretation of Statutes, Universal Publishers, Delhi
4. Dias – Jurisprudence – Chapters 7, 8, and 15

E-Sources:
1. Westlaw International. ...
2. Hein Online. ...
3. LexisNexis. ...
4. JSTOR (Journal Store) ...
5. National (Indian) Online Legal Research Databases. ...
6. Manupatra. ...
7. Indlaw.
8. Indian kanoon

SEMESTER V
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB502T - CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE
Course Outcome:
 Faculty of Law United University

1. Enable the students to understand the procedure as litigation strategy.

2. To Know the detail procedure for redressal of civil rights
3. The development of trends and transmission of civil law and procedural implications.
4. Incorporation of substantive civil law doctrines into practical aspects in Mock
trails/practical training/drafting
5. To know where the suit is to be filed? The essential forms and procedure for institution of
suit, the document sin support and against, evidence taking and trial, dimensions of an
interim order, the peculiar nature of the suits, the complexities of executing a decree and
provisions for appeal and revision are all matters which a lawyer for any side is to be
familiar with.
7. Students will be able to recognize and address issues that arise in Civil Procedure that
implicate relevant ethical, moral, and religious principles.

Course Content
Unit I: Introduction: Conceptions of Civil Procedure: Historical background of CPC.
The jurisprudential aspect. The Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2002:
Definitions - Decree [section 2(2)], Judgment [section 2(9)], Legal Representative [section
2(11)], Mesne Profits [section 2(12)], Order [section 2(14)], Inherent power of the
court(S.151); Suits: Concept of Law Suit, Order I, Parties to Suit, Order II, Frame of Suit,
Order IV, Institution of suits, Bars & Suit: Doctrines of Sub Judice & Res Judicata, Place of
Suing (Section 15, 20) - Territorial Jurisdiction., “Cause of Action” and Jurisdictional Bars,
Summons (Sections 27, 28, 31, Orders IV, VI, IX), Service of Foreign Summons (Section
29), Power for Order (Section 30 order XI).

Unit II: Pleadings: (Order VI), Material Facts, Forms of Pleading, Condition Precedent,
Presumptions of Law, Striking Out/Amendment. Plaint: (Order VII), Particulars (esp., in
money suits/suits for immovable Property), Showing of doferosni’s interest and liability,
Ground of Limitation, Return of Plaint, Rejection of Plaint, Production and listing of
Documents, Written Statement, Counter Claim, Set-off, Framing of issues; Appearance and
Examination: Appearance, Ex-parte procedure, Default of Portion, Summoning and
attendance of witnesses, Examination, Admissions, production, importing, return of
documents, hearing, affidavit; Adjournments: Order XVII, Adjournment, Judicial Discretion
& problems Arrears;

Unit III: Judgment and decree: Concepts of judgment, Decree, and Interim Orders and stay
Injunctions, Appointment of Receivers, Costs. Execution: (Order XXI), Concept of
“Execution”, General Principles of Execution, Power for Execution of Decrees (Section 38-
46), Procedure for Execution (Section 51-54), Enforcement: Arrest and Detention (section
55-59), Attachment (Section 60-64), Sale (Section 65-67). Suits in Particular Cases: Suits by
or against Government (Section 79-82), Suits by Aliens and by or Against Foreign Rulers,
Ambassadors and (Section 91-93), Suits relating to public matters, Incident and
supplementary proceedings (Section 75-78, 94-95), and Suits against Minors, persons with
unsound mind, indigent persons etc., Interpleader suits.
 Faculty of Law United University

Unit IV: Appeals: Appeals from Original Decrees (Section 96-99-A) and Order XLI.,
Appeals from Appellate Decrees (Sections 100-101), Appeals from Orders (Sections 104-
106) (Order XLII), General Provisions Relating to Appeals (Section 107-108), Appeals to
the Supreme Court (Section 108).

Unit V: Commissions: The Rationale of Commissions, Order XXVI, Socio-Legal

Commissions of Inquiry in “Social Action” or “Public Interest Litigation”. Limitation:
Concept of Limitation – Why limitation, General principles of limitation, Extension –
sufficient causes – acknowledgment, Legal disability – Condonation – when comes to an end,
Limitation Act, 1963 (excluding Schedules).

Text Books:
1. Mulla: Code of Civil Procedure: Tripathi (Abridged Edition), (Student Edition).
2. A.N. Saha: Code of Civil Procedure.
3. C.K. Takwani: Civil Procedure, 4th Edition, Eastern Book Co., Lucknow, 2007.
4. B. B. Mitra: Limitation Act, 17th Edition, Eastern Law House, Calcutta, 1974,
5. Allahabad, 1973.
6. Sanjiva Row: Limitation Act, 7thEdn. (in 2 Vol.s), Law Book Co., Allahabad, 1973.
7. Sanjiva Row: Code of Civil Procedure, 3 rd Edn, (in 4 Vols), Law Book Co, Allahabad.

Reference Books:
1. AIR Commentaries on Limitation Act, W.W. Chitaley, AIR Ltd., Nagpur.
2. B. M. Prasad & S. K. Sarvaria, Mulla’s Code of Civil Procedure (17th ed., 2007)

E-Sources:
1. Westlaw International. ...
2. Hein Online. ...
3. LexisNexis. ...
4. JSTOR (Journal Store) ...
5. National (Indian) Online Legal Research Databases. ...
6. Manupatra. ...
7. Indlaw.
8. Indian kanoon

SEMESTER V
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB503T - CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY
Course Outcome:
 Faculty of Law United University

1. Analyse and define the concept of crime and antisocial behaviour in the society and the
difference between crime and morality as the concept of crime changes from society to
society.
2. Analyse the various views given by philosophers on criminology.
3. Evaluate the reasons behind the crime and significance of Penology in the present society
and theories of the punishments and its application in the criminal justice system.
4. Determine and analyse the role and function of the Police in the administration of
criminal justice system as they plays important role in maintaining law and order.
5. Analyse and evaluate the role of prison and prison officers in execution of the punishment
given by the court.

Course Content
Unit I: Dimensions of Crime in India :
Nature and extent of Crime in India, Reporting of Crime statistics and problem of accurate
reporting of Crime, Victim Studies, self-reporting, Costs of Crime, Some factors for
evaluating the rate of crime in India-Territory: Population: Heterogeneity: Human values,
General approaches to crime control, Continental approaches: Social defence, Social
approaches: Crime Prevent Control, Crimes of the powerful, Organised crime-smuggling,
traffic in narcotise, White collar crime:- corruption in public life, Socio-economic crime:
Adulteration of Food and Drugs: fraudulent trade practices, Crimes in the professions-
Medical, Legal, Engineering, State Criminality., Perpetrators of
Ordinary crime, The situation criminal, The chronic offender, Criminality of Women., Young
offenders, Criminal gangs, Crimes of the marginalized with special reference to Forest
offences; States offenders, vagrants, prostitution.

Unit II: The Police and to Criminal Justice:

The Police system, Structural organisation of police at the centre and the states, Mode of
recruitment and training, Powers and duties of police under the police acts, Criminal
Procedure Code and other laws, Arrest, search and seizure and Constitutional imperatives,
Methods of police investigation, Third degree methods, Corruption in police, Relationship
between police and prosecution, Liability of police for custodial violence, Police Public
relations., Select aspects of National Police Commission Report.

Unit III: Punishment:

Punishment of Offenders Some discarded modes of punishment, Corporal punishment :
Whipping and flogging : Mutilation and Branding, Transportation Exile, Public execution,
An appraisal of these modes of punishment, Punishments under the Indian Criminals Law,
Capital punishment, Imprisonment, Fine, Cancellation or withdrawal of licences, etc., The
prison system, Administrative organisation of prisons, Mode of recruitment and training, The
Jail Manual, Powers of prison officials, Prisoners classification - Male, Female : Juvenile and
Adult : Under trial, Constitutional imperatives and prison reforms and convicted prisoners,
Open Prisons, Violation of prison code and its consequences, Appraisal of imprisonment as a
mode of punishment.
 Faculty of Law United University

Unit IV: Treatment and correction of Offenders:

The need for reformation and rehabilitation of offenders undergoing
punishment/imprisonment, Classification of offenders through modern diagnostic techniques,
The role of psychiatrists, psychoanalysts and social workers in the prison, Vocational and
religious education and apprenticeship programmes for the offenders, Group counselling and
re- socialisation programmes, Prisoners organisations for self-government., Participation of
inmates in community services, An appraisal of reformative techniques, Suggested forms of
treatment of offenders under the IPC (Amendment) Bill, 1972, Efficacy of imprisonment as a
measure to combat criminality and the search for substitutes.

Unit V: Re-socialization:
Re-socialization processes Probation, The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, The attitude of
judges towards probation, Mechanism of probation and standards of probation services,
Problems and prospects of probation, The suspended sentence, Parole, Nature of Parole,
Authority for granting parole, Supervision paroles, Parole and conditional release, Release of
the offender, Problems of the released offender, Attitudes of the community towards released
offender, Prisoner Aid Societies and other voluntary organization, Governmental action, An
appraisal. Nature and Development, its expanding dimensions, typology of victims,
compensation, compensation by application of Article 21 and 300A, victim and criminal
justice, emerging trends and policies

Text Books:
1. Ahmmad s, criminology aand penology, Central law Agency, Alhabadiddiqui
3. Iyer, Prospective in Criminology, Law and Social Change;
4. Ross, H. Lawrence (Ed.), Law and Deviance (1981);
5. Suthcrland, E. and Cressy, Principles of Criminology (1978);
6. Walker, N., Crime and Criminology (1961): A Critical Introduction (1987);
7. J.M. Sethna, Society and to Criminal (1980); A. Siddique, Criminology: Problems and
Perspectives, Central Law Agency. Lucknow
8. M. Ponioan, Crinology and Penology, Poineer Books, Delhi.
9. E. Sutherland, White Collar Crime (1949);

Reference Books:
1. Katherine S Williams, Textbook on Criminology, 1999
2. Loveland, Frontiers of Criminality, 1995
3. Manheim H, comparative Criminology, 1965
4. Walker, N. Crime and Criminology, 1987

E-Sources:
1. Westlaw International. ...
2. Hein Online. ...
3. LexisNexis. ...
 Faculty of Law United University

5. JSTOR (Journal Store) ...

SEMESTER V
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB504T - PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
Course Outcome:
1. The student will be aware of the rules and regulations of the Bar Council of India.
 Faculty of Law United University

2. The student will have the knowledge of The Advocates Act, 1961 and will be an informed
professional knowing well about their rights such as right to strike (Lawyers).
3. The student will know about the consequences of their actions and words such as
contempt of court and disciplinary proceedings.
4. This course will enable the student to be aware of professional ethics and the professional
accounting system.

Course Content
Unit I: Professional Ethics: History, importance and contribution of the legal profession.
Enrollment of advocates and establishment of Bar Councils. Meaning, Nature and need of
ethics of legal profession.

Unit II: Duties of an advocate: Duties of advocate to the court. Duties of advocate to the
clients. Duties of advocate to the society. Duties of advocate to the colleagues.

Unit III: Punishment for professional or other misconduct: Meaning of professional or

other misconduct. Nature and extent of punishment. Remedies against the order of
punishment. Remedies against the order of punishment. Important case laws: Prahlad Saran
Gupta v. Bar Council of India. Hikmat Ali v. Ishwar Prasad Arya and others. P.D. Gupta v.
Ram Murit and others.

Unit IV: Meaning of contempt of court: Object and importance of contempt law, Civil and
Criminal Contempt. Contempt jurisdiction of the Subordinate court. Nature and extent of
punishment for contempt of court.

Unit V: Categories of contempt of court and its Remedies: Defence open to the
contemnor in criminal contempt. Defence open to the contemnor in civil contempt.
Remedies against the punishment for contempt of court. Important cases on contempt of court
- Delhi Judicial Services Association v. State of Gujarat (AIR 1995 SC 2176); Mohd. Aslam
v. Union of India (AIR 1995 SC 548); In re Vinay Chandra Mishra (AIR 1995 SC 2348);
Supreme Court Bar Association v. Union of India (AIR 1998 SC 1895); State of Rajasthan v.
Prakash Chand (AIR) 1998 SC 1344).

Text Books:
1. Professional Ethics, Accountancy for Lawyers and Bench-Bar Relations by Dr. S.P.
Gupta.
2. Legal and Professional Ethics by P. Ramanatha Aiyer.
3. Professional Ethics by Raju Ramachandran Legal Ethics.
4. Accountability for lawyer & Bench- Bar Relations by Kailash Rai.
5. Professional Ethics by Sirohi.

Reference Books:
1. Lawyers (English, Paperback, Oagile Bethuel Key Dingake)
 Faculty of Law United University

2. Professional Responsibility (Hudson David L.)

3. International Rule of Law and Professional Ethics (Popovski Vesselin)

E-Sources:
1. SCC Online: https://www.scconline.com
2. Manupatra: https://www.manupatrafast.com
3. HeinOnline: https://home.heinonline.org
4. JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/
5. Legal Services: India https://www.legalserviceindia.com/

SEMESTER V
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB505T - TAXATION LAWS
Course Outcome: At the end of this course, a student will have developed ability to:
1. Understand the evolution and definitions in income tax in India
2. Understand and determine the residential status and incidence of tax.
 Faculty of Law United University

3. Understand and determine the agricultural income

4. Determine the income from salaries
6. Computation of income from house property
7. Computation of profits and gains of business or profession
8. Determine capital gains and income from other sources

Course Content
Unit I: Basic Concepts: Constitutional Validity of Taxation Laws, Classification of Taxes,
Tax Planning – Avoidance - Evasion and Management, Chargeability; Definitions,
Residential Status and Scope of Total Incomes; Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement,
Incomes which do not form part of Total Income (Exempted Incomes).

Unit II: Heads of Incomes and Related Issues: Salaries: Chargeability, Allowances,
Perquisites, Profit in Lieu of Salaries, Retirement Benefits, Termination Compensations. Tax
Treatment related with House Property, Profits and Gains from Business & Professions,
Capital Gains, Tax Treatment of Residual Incomes, General Deductions, Clubbing of
Incomes, Set-off and Carry Forward of Losses.

Unit III: Assessment & Procedures: Refunds & Reliefs, Advance Tax, TDS, TCS, Filing of
Returns, Assessments & Procedures, Income Tax Authorities, Tribunal Proceedings, Penalty
& Prosecution, Search and Seizure.

Unit IV: Indirect Taxes: Goods & Services Tax: Value Added Tax, Taxes Subsumed,
CGST Provisions, Transfer, Input Tax Credit, Authorities, Filings & Proceedings, ITAT.
Basics of Customs Duty Law Assessment of Imported and Export Goods and Procedural
Aspects.

Unit V: Professional Tutelage: Income Tax: Analysis of Tax Provisions for Charitable
Trusts, Analysis of Tax Provisions for Companies, Filing of Tax Returns of various persons;
Hands-on Interpretation of Advance Ruling Provisions, Interpretation of Transfer Pricing
Policy, Case Studies - Tax Planning and Tax Holidays. Professional Tutelage: Goods &
Services Tax, Hands-on practice of Registration under GST, Filing and Dispute Settlement.

Reference Books:
1. Chaturvedi & Pithisaria, Income Tax Act with Relevant Tax Allied Acts, 2021 Institute
2. Vinod Singhania & Kapil Singhania - Direct Taxes Law and Practice, Taxmann
3. V.S. Datey – Indirect Tax Laws, Taxmann

SEMESTER V
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB506T - ADR CLINICAL LAW
Course Outcome:
After the successful completion of the Course:
 Faculty of Law United University

1. Students will understand the Meaning and Relevance of the Arbitration and Conciliation
process.
2. Students will be equipped with a holistic approach towards the Legal framework available
for ADR and specific Legal Acts.
3. Students will be able to understand the Legal perspective of ADR Tribunals in India and
their work.
4. Students will understand the meaning, nature and scope of Conciliation as a way of
accelerating Justice in Society.
5. Students will get an insight of various models of ADR in India and their scope of
operation.

Course Content
Unit I: Introduction To The Concept Of Alternate Dispute Resolution And Types Of
ADR: Alternate Dispute Resolution – Alternative To Formal Adjudication; Types Of ADR
Unilateral, Bilateral, Triadic (Third Party), Intervention, Advantages & Limitations;
Distinction Between Arbitration–Conciliation And Negotiation; Judicial Dispute Resolution:
Nature, Scope; Advantages And Disadvantages Of Such Resolution. Difference Between
Judicial Settlement And Alternate Dispute Resolution: A Balanced Comparison.

Unit II: Meaning and Nature of ADR as Legal tool for Justice Delivery and
Introduction to the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996: Introduction to the
Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, Historical perspective of ADR in India; ADR as an
alternative Legal remedy / Efforts of United Nations commission on International Trade Law.
(UNICITRAL Model law), Nature & Scope Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, Judicial
Intervention, Arbitration Agreement, Interim Measures by courts & arbitral tribunal,
Constitution Of arbitral Tribunal / Appointment of Arbitrator, Grounds for changing the
arbitrator, Jurisdiction of Arbitral Tribunal

Unit III: Introduction to Arbitration Tribunal and its working: Conduct of Arbitral
Proceedings, Time limit for Arbitral Award, Fast track procedure, Termination of
proceedings, Making of Arbitral Award, Form & Content, Application of setting aside
arbitral award, Finality of Arbitral Awards, Enforcement of Arbitral Awards, Appeals

Unit IV: Meaning, Nature and Scope of Conciliation: Introduction, Nature and Scope of
Conciliation, Meaning and Definition of Conciliation, Commencement of Conciliation
Proceeding, Appointment of Conciliators, Powers and functions of conciliators, Settlement
agreements, Conciliation Proceedings and Enforceability, Termination of Conciliation
proceedings.

Unit V: Various Alternative Models of Dispute Resolution in India: Various alternative

Models of Dispute Resolution in India, Role of Panchayat in Dispute Resolution, Role of
Grama Sabha in Dispute Resolution, Different mechanisms of Dispute Resolution in: Lokpal,
Lokayukta, LokAdalats, Family Court, Counselling centres and Tribunals, Gram Nyayalaya.
 Faculty of Law United University

Text Books:
1. Alternative Dispute Resolution: The Indian Perspective, Shashank Garg, OUP India; New
edition.
2. The Law of Arbitration and Conciliation, Avtar Singh, Eastern Book Company.

Reference Books:
1. Justice Dr. B.P. Saraf and Justice S.M. Jhunjhunwala, Law of Arbitration and conciliation
– Snow White Publication, New Delhi.
2. S.K. Chawla, Law of Arbitration and conciliation – Eastern Law Book Corporation,
Kolkata.
3. P.C. Markanda, Law Relating to Arbitration and conciliation: Wadhwa& Company,
Nagpur.

E-Sources:
1. Journal of Dispute Redressal, University of Missouri School of Law in conjunction with
the Center for the Study of Dispute Resolution.
2. Alternative Dispute Resolution Research, Harvard Law School Library.

SEMESTER V
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
PTSPPLB50T & PROFESSIONAL PROFICIENCY (CIVIL LAW PRACTICES,
LAND, REVENUE LAW APPLICATIONS AND EXECUTION OF DECREES)

COURSE OUTCOMES:
 Faculty of Law United University

The outcome of this course is as follows:

1. Better representation of him/her in terms of communication skills, overall personality
development and aptitude building required for jobs.
2. This program will help students becoming employable and ready for Industries /corporate
and other Public and Private Sector jobs.

UNIT I:
Introduction to Civil Law
 Jurisdiction and Hierarchy of Civil Courts
 Essential Ingredients of a Civil Suit
Drafting Pleadings
 How to Draft a Plaint and Written Statement.
 Common Mistakes in Pleadings

UNIT II:
Summons Service & Applications.
 Summons Service
 Issuance and Process of Serving Summons
 Handling Non-appearance and Ex-parte Orders
Interim Applications
 How to Apply for Temporary Injunctions and Interlocutory Orders
 Drafting and Filing Interim Relief Applications

UNIT III:
Understanding Revenue Records
 Types of Revenue Records: Khasra, Khatauni, and Jamabandi
 Reading and Interpreting Revenue Records
Revenue Court Procedures
 Jurisdiction of Revenue Courts
 Filing and Handling Revenue Disputes

UNIT IV:
Execution Process
 Overview of Sections 36-74 of CPC
 Modes of Execution: Against Property, Persons, and for Specific Performance
Handling Objections and Appeals
 Objections under Section 47 CPC
 Appeals, Revision, and Stay of Execution

SEMESTER VI

SEMESTER VI
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB601T - CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
 Faculty of Law United University

Course Outcome:
1. Identify the stages in investigation and procedure of trial in criminal cases.
2. Explain the powers, functions, and duties of police and criminal courts.
4. Critically analyze the recent amendments in the Cr PC.
5. Employ and promote adoption of humane and just practices in administration of criminal
justice.
6. The right to legal representation in Indian criminal trials and to apply such principles in a
factual scenario.

Course Content
Unit I: Jurisprudential and Constitutional perspectives - Articles 14, 20, 21 & 22; The
rationale of criminal procedure; Salient features of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973.
Constitution of criminal courts and the significance of the segregation of magistrates into
judicial and executive magistrate’s categories under the code. Important definitions:
Investigation, first information, cognizable and non-cognizable offence, bailable and non
bailable offences, complaint, inquiry, charge, trial, summons and warrant cases,
compoundable and non-compoundable offences, discharge and acquittal, appeal, revision and
reference.

Unit II: Investigation proceedings: Initiation of investigation proceedings (sec.154-157);

Interrogation powers of police officer (Secs.160& 161); Evidentiary value of FIR and
statements made to police officer (Sec.162 of Cr.P.C. and Sec.145 &157 of Evidence Act);
Arrest with and without a warrant : Exercise of power and execution rules (Secs.41-60 & 70-
80); Preventive powers of the Police (Sec.149-153); Rights of arrested person (Secs.50, 50A,
54-57, 75, 76, 303, 304 of Cr.P.C & Art. 22); Search and Seizure (Secs. 51, 93-103, 165,166
& 166A, 166B); Proclamation and attachment (Sec.82-89); Recording of confessions and
statements (Sec.164); Special remand order (Secs.167); Police diary (Secs.172); Police report
(Sec.173); Inquest proceedings (Secs.174-176); Jurisdiction of Courts Inquiry proceedings:
General principle of jurisdiction of criminal courts (Sec.177); Exceptions to the principle
(Sec.178-188); Inquiry Proceeding: Initiation of Inquiry proceedings (Sec.190-194);
Exceptions to the general principle of moving criminal courts (Secs.195-199); Complaint
Proceeding: Complaint to magistrates (Secs.200-203); Inquiry proceedings before magistrates
(Secs.204-209); Bail provisions (Secs.436-450); Grant of Bail, including anticipatory bail;
Cancellation of Bail ; Compulsory release
 Faculty of Law United University

Unit III: Trial Proceedings: Concept of fair trial: Presumption of innocence, right of silence
& right to speedy trial (Sec. Ss.273, 300, 303-304, 313, 316, 317, 319, 321, 327, 406, 409;
Articles 20 (1) (3), 22(1), 39A of the Constitution); Charge: Content and form (Secs.211-
217); General principle to be tried separately for every charge and its exceptions (Secs.218-
224); Trial before a court of session (Secs.225-237); Trial of warrant cases before
magistrates(Sec.238-250); Trial of summons cases (Sec.251-265); Summary trials (Secs.260-
265); Pleas and limitations to bar trial: Principle of Autrefois acquit and autrefois convict
(Secs.300& Art 20); Compounding of offences (Sec.320); Withdrawal from prosecution
(Secs.321); Irregular proceedings (Secs.461,462 & 479); Limitations to take cognizance of
offences (Secs.467-473); Evidence in inquires and trials Secs.272-283); Tender of pardon
(Secs.307-309); Provisions as to Accused persons of unsound mind (Secs.328-339).

Unit IV: Security and Maintenance proceedings: Security for keeping peace and for good
behavior (Secs.106-124); Maintenance of Public order and tranquility: Unlawful Assemblies
(Secs.129-132); Public Nuisance (Secs133-144); Disputes as to immovable property
(Secs.145-148); Maintenance of wives, children and parents: Order of maintenance
(Secs.125); The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986; Procedure,
alteration and enforcement (Secs.127&128).

Unit V Judgment, Appeals, Reference, Revision and Execution: Judgment: Mode and
other provisions (Sec.353-365); Confirmation of death sentence (Secs.366-371); Appeals
(Secs.372-394); Reference and Revision (Sec.395-405); Transfer of criminal cases (Secs.406-
412); Execution, suspension, remission and commutation of sentences (Secs.413-435),
Inherent Powers of the High Court (Sec 482).

Text Books:
1. RatanLal and DhirajLal: Indian Penal Code, Wadhwa& Co.
2. Achutan Pillai: Criminal Law, Butterworth Co.
7. Gour K.D.: Criminal Law - Cases and material, Butterworth Co.
8. R.V. Kelker, Lecturers on Criminal Procdedure Code
9. S.N. Mishra, Criminal Procedure Code.

Reference Books:
 Faculty of Law United University

1. Kenny's: Outlines of Criminal Law.

2. Bail: Law and Procedures (Janak Raj Jai, 4th Edition, 2009)

E-Sources:
1. Westlaw International. ...
2. Hein Online. ...
3. LexisNexis. ...
4. JSTOR (Journal Store) ...
5. National (Indian) Online Legal Research Databases. ...
6. Manupatra. ...
7. Indlaw.
8. Indian kanoon

SEMESTER VI
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB602T - DRAFTING, PLEADING & CONVEYANCING

Course Outcome:
1. This student will be able to acquire skills required for an Advocate i.e. the skill of drafting
Conveyancing and pleadings.
 Faculty of Law United University

2. It will further develop the ability to draft effectively.

3. This course will develop skills of writing purposefully i,e. articulation, legal research, and
of qualities of language, its clarity and precision.

Course Content:
Unit I: Basics of Drafting and Conveyancing : Basics of Drafting and Conveyancing
include the meaning and definition of drafting, distinction between drafting and
conveyancing, general principles of drafting all sorts of deeds and conveyancing and other
writings, interpretation of deeds and documents, meaning of conveyancing, basic
fundamentals of conveyancing, requirements/parts of conveyance, and division of
instruments of conveyancing.

Unit II:Pleadings :Meaning and object of pleadings in general include general principles of
pleadings, functions of pleadings, oral pleadings, particulars of pleadings, alternative and
inconsistent pleadings, amendment of pleadings, plaint, written statement, interlocutory
applications, affidavit, execution petition, memorandum of appeal, and revision application.

Unit III:Complaint (FIR, informatory petition, protest), criminal miscellaneous petitions, bail
applications, memorandum of appeal, and revision application.

Unit IV: Deed: Meaning of deed, basic components of deeds, types of deeds and inter-se
difference between various deeds, requisites of deed including sale deed, mortgage deed,
lease deed, gift deed, promissory note, power of attorney, will, and partnership deed.

Unit V: Agreements : General principles of valid agreement, guiding principles for drafting
of agreement deed, drafting of various agreements such as sale agreements, arbitration
agreements, lease agreement, notices, guiding principles for drafting of notice, and drafting of
various model notices.

Text Books:
1. G. M. Kothari and Arvind G. Kothari: Drafting, Conveyancing and Pleadings, N.M.
Tripathi (P.) Ltd., Bombay.
2. P. C. Mogha: The Indian Conveyancer, Eastern Law House, Kolkata.
3. Nitin Khanna & A.C. Moitra: The Indian Draftsman; Guide to Legal Drafting, University
Book Agency, Allahabad.
4. S. K. Verma: Conveyancing Drafting & Interpretation of Deeds, Law Publishers,
Allahabad.
5. Dr. J. C. Verma: Commercial Drafting & Conveyancing, Bharat Law House, New Delhi.

Reference Books:
1. Pleadings, Draftings& Practice (Civil & Criminal) - Law, Principles, Procedure & Model
(K.S.Gopala Krishnan Advocate High Court of A.P. (Author), Hon'ble Mr. Justice
Mr.RameshMadhavBapat Judge High Court of A.P))
 Faculty of Law United University

2. Better Drafting Civil & Criminal, (Justice B.K. Behera's)

E-Sources:
1. SCC Online https://www.scconline.com
2. Manupatra https://www.manupatrafast.com
3. HeinOnline https://home.heinonline.org
4. JSTOR https://www.jstor.org/
5. Legal Services India https://www.legalserviceindia.com/

SEMESTER VI
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB603T - INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS

Course Outcome: After the successful completion of Course Curriculum, a student will be
able to:
1. Explain various types of Intellectual Property i.e., Copyright, Patent, Trademark, Design
and so on.
 Faculty of Law United University

2. Distinguish between concepts such as assignment, licensing, infringement and passing off
under related laws of IP.
3. Critically analyze various provisions under the Intellectual Property Law.
4. Know and understand the importance of the recent amendments and emerging issues
under the Intellectual Property Law.

Course Content:
Unit I: Introduction: Intellectual Property Rights: Concept, Nature and Kinds; Intellectual
Property Law: Concept & Aspects of Protection, Legal Frameworks [History & Sources];
Principles of Treatments of IPRs.

Unit II: Intellectual Property In Patent Rights: Patent –Concept, Subject Matter, Nature
and Kinds, Genesis, Emergence and International Legal Frameworks; Rights and
Obligations of the Patentee: Negative (Patent) Rights, Positive Rights, ‘Working the Patent’
Obligation. Balancing the Patent Rights: Limitations-Geographical, Temporal and
Exceptional [mainly use for Non-Commercial Purposes (Section 47, Compulsory Licensing)
Unit III: Intellectual Property In Copyright: Copyright–Concept, Subject Matter, Nature
and Kinds, Genesis, Emergence and International Legal Frameworks; Rights of the
Author/Owner of Copyright: Negative (Copyright) Rights, Positive Rights. Author’s
Special/Moral Rights (Sec.57). Balancing the Copyright Rights: Limitations-Geographical,
Temporal and Exceptional (mainly Fair Dealings or Permitted Acts)-Non-Voluntary
Licensing.

Unit IV: Intellectual Property In Trademarks: Trademark Rights–Concept, Subject

Matter, Nature and Kinds, Genesis, Emergence and International Legal Frameworks. Rights
of the Registered Proprietor/User of Trademark: Negative (Trademark) Rights; Positive
Rights. Balancing the Trademarks Rights: Limitations-Geographical, Temporal and
Exceptional [mainly the Limits on Effect of Registered Trademark (Section 30)].

Unit V: Intellectual Property In Design, Geographical Indication Rights, And Of Sui

Generis Nature: Design Right-Concept, Subject Matter, Nature and Kinds, Rights of the
Proprietor Negative and Positive); Geographical Indication Right -Concept, Subject Matter,
Nature and Kinds. Rights of the Registered Proprietor and Authorized User(Negative and
Positive Rights); Intellectual Property Rights of Sui Generis, Nature: Semiconductor
Integrated Circuit Layout Design Right (Layout Design Right) - Plant Varieties Right (Plant
Patent) - Biological Diversity Rights.

Text Books:
1. Alka Chawla: Copyright and Related Rights: National and International Perspectives,
MacMillan India Ltd., Delhi
2. Ashwani Bansal: Law of Trademarks in India with introduction to Intellectual Property
Laws, Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, New Delhi.
3. Catherine Colston: Principles of Intellectual Property Law, Sweet & Maxwell, London
 Faculty of Law United University

4. Dr. B. L. Wadehra: Law relating to Patents, Trademarks, Copyright, Design and

Geographical Indications, Universal Law Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Dr. S. R. Myneni: Law of Intellectual Property, Asia Law House, Hyderabad.

Reference Books:
1. IPR, Bio-safety and Bioethics (by Dr Goel Deepa)
2. WTO, Internationalization and the Intellectual Property Rights Regime in China ( by
Qing jiang Kong)
3. Intellectual Property Rights in WTO and Developing Countries ( by Sabanna Talwar)

E-Sources:
1. SCC Online: https://www.scconline.com
2. Manupatra: https://www.manupatrafast.com
3. HeinOnline: https://home.heinonline.org
4. JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/
5. Legal Services India: https://www.legalserviceindia.com/

SEMESTER VI
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB604T - LAW RELATING TO WOMEN AND CHILDREN
Course Outcome:
1. To give an insight into Women and Children Law in proper perspective
2. It will make the students understand the actual realization of women and child rights.
3. Analyzing the contribution of legal instrument towards gender equality
4. The course will sensitize the students towards persistent infringements of women and
child rights
 Faculty of Law United University

5. It will give clear the perspective towards the burning problems relating to women and
children endeavor to redress them.

Course Content
Unit I: Position of Women in Pre - Independence Period- Vedic Period, Post Vedic Period,
Medieval Period; Women's Position during the British Period, Social Reforms Movement,
Nationalist Movement. Women's Movement- Liberal Movement, Radical Movement;
Women & Constitution of India- The Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Right to Constitutional
Remedies, Directive Principles of State Policy.

Unit II: Global Status of Women: Reference of U.N. Charter Conventions: ICCPR,
ICESCR, Convention on the Political Rights of Women, 1953, CEDAW, 1979.

Unit III: Protection and Safeguards under Law of Crimes: Offences Affecting Public
Decency & Morals. Offences against human body (marital rape); Offences related to
marriage &cruelty; Law related to Dowry Prohibition & Domestic violence; Prevention of
Immoral Trafficking and Forced Prostitution; Cyber Crime and the Victimization of Women;
Termination of pregnancy and related privacy concerns.

Unit IV: Laws Relating to Protection of Children: International scenario; Declaration of

the Rights of the Child, 1959; Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989; The World
Summit for Children, 1990; United Nations Conference of Environment and Development,
1992; World Conference on Human Rights, 1993; International Labour Organization (ILO);
Indian perspective; Child trafficking and abuse.

Unit V: Juvenile Justice: International instruments; Development; Juvenile Justice Act,

1986; Juvenile justice (care and protection of children) act, 2015; Some decisions.

Text Books:
1. Law relating to Women and Children Author: Mamta Rao Publisher: Eastern Book
Company
2. Women and Law, From Impoverishment to Empowerment Author: Lalita Dhar Parihar
Publisher: Eastern Book Company
3. (Engendering Law) Treatise on women and law, Author: Amita Dhandha and Archana
Parashar, Publisher: Eastern Book Company

Reference Books:
1. Feminism in the Subcontinent and Beyond: Challenging Laws, Changing Laws, Author:
Jaya Sagade, Vedna Jivan and Christ, Publisher: Eastern Book Company
2. Women, Peace, and Security, Author: Sahla Aroussi, Publisher: Eastern Book Company
3. Law Relating to Women & Children, Author: S. C. Tripathi, Publisher: Eastern Book
Company
4. Women, Justice and the Rule of Law, Author: Asha Bhandari and Rekha Mehta
 Faculty of Law United University

5. Publisher: EBC
6. Women Under Islam Gender, Justice and the Politics of Islamic Law, Author: Christina
Jones-Pauly and Abir Dajani Tuqan (eds), Publisher: I. B. Tauris.

SEMESTER VI
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB605T - EQUITY AND TRUST

Course Outcome:
1. To develop fundamental understandings of equity, trust and fiduciary relationship.
2. To understand the background and history of The Roman, English and Indian Legal
System.
3. To understand maxims forms the foundations of all the legal provisions and principles.
4. To understand the concept of Trust Laws in India.
 Faculty of Law United University

Course Content
Unit I: Equity: Origin and growth of Equity, Nature and Scope of Law and Equity, Sources
of Law, Equity as a Source of Law.
Equity under The Roman, English and Indian Legal System: Importance of Equity under
Roman, English and Indian Legal Systems, Importance of English Equity in the Indian Legal
System.

Unit II: Equitable Rights and Interests: Nature of Equitable Rights and Interests under Indian
Law, classification of Equitable Rights, Maxims of Equity: Working Principles of Equity,
Equity will not suffer a wrong to be without a remedy, Equity follows the law, He who seeks
equity must do equity, He who comes into equity must come with clean hands, Delay defeats
equities, Equality is equity, Equity looks to the intent rather than the form, Equity imputes an
intention to fulfill an obligation. Equity acts in personam, Application of the maxim under
Indian Law.

Unit III: Introduction: History of the Trust, Definition of trust and its comparison with other
analogous relations: Trust and Condition, Trust and bailment, Trust and Agency, Trust and
Contract and Trust and power of appointment, Essentials of trusts, The making of Indian Law
of Trust and provisions of law of Trust, Religious Trusts. Classification of Trusts: Express
Private Trusts, Express Public (or charitable) Trusts, Creation of trusts.

Unit IV: Trustees: Appointment of Trustees, Rights, Duties and liabilities, Rights and
Powers, Disabilities. Rights and liabilities of the Beneficiary, Discharge of Trustees,
Extinction of Trusts.

Unit V: Fiduciary Relationship: Meaning and scope, Definition, Kinds of Fiduciary relations.

Text Books:
1. Aquil Ahmad, Equity, Trusts and Specific Relief.
2. Desai S.T., Equity, Trusts and Specific Relief.
3. Gandhi B.M., Equity, Trusts and Specific Relief, Eastern Book Company.
4. Jhabwala N.H, Elements of Equity, Trusts and Specific Relief.
5. Rao Subha GCV, Equity, Trust and Fiduciary Relation.
6. Singh G.P., Equity, Trusts, Mortgage and Fiduciary Relations, Central Law Agency.

Reference Books:
1. S. Krishnamurthy Aiyar, Principles and Digest of Trusts laws
2. R. H. Mandsley and E. H. Burn, Trust and Trustees
3. Philip H. Pettit, Equity and Law of Trust

E-Sources:
1. Westlaw International. ...
2. Hein Online. ...
 Faculty of Law United University

3. LexisNexis. ...
4. JSTOR (Journal Store) ...
5. National (Indian) Online Legal Research Databases. ...
6. Manupatra. ...
7. Indlaw.
8. Indian Kanoon.

SEMESTER VI
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
FLUCLB606P - MOOT COURT
Course Outcome:
1. Students will learn to read and analyze Supreme Court opinions
2. He/She will gain an understanding of key constitutional law concepts
3. He/She will understand different methods of constitutional law argumentation
4. Developing critical thinking, logical reasoning, and analytical skills
5. Improvement in their public speaking and rhetoric skills.

Course Content
 Faculty of Law United University

Unit I: Moot Court Introduction: Every Student may be required to do at least three moot
courts in a year. The moot court work will be on assigned problems and it will be evaluated
for written submission and for oral advocacy.

Unit II: Moot Court Decorum; Courtesy; Attire; Body Language; Use of Notes; Presentation.

Unit III: Preparation of Memorial: Rules for Memorial Submission- Memorials must be
printed on A4 size white paper. The body of the memorial must be in Fonts Times New
Roman, Size 12 and footnotes in Fonts Times New Roman in Size 10. Each page must have a
margin of at least one-inch on all sides. Do not add any designs or borders on the pages.
Memorials should be submitted with differently colored Title Page for each side: Title page
in red colour for Petitioner / Appellant. Title page in blue colour for respondent. The
Memorial should not exceed 20 typed pages (line space 1.5) and shall consist of the following
Parts: Table of Contents, Statement of Facts, Statement of Jurisdiction, List of References
and Cases, Statement of Issues, Summary of Arguments, Detailed Pleadings, Prayer;
Affidavit, if necessary; Relevant Annexure may be kept by the student and may be used
during oral arguments, if necessary.

Unit IV: Mock Trial: The students would be required to conduct a trial. The students will be
divided into teams of lawyers and witnesses. Each student will be required to function as a
lawyer and witness in the trials being simulated in the classes. Students’ performance will be
evaluated on the basis of equal marks being assigned for case analysis, written submissions,
examination-in-chief, Cross-examination, and final arguments.

Unit V: Moot Court Diary: Each Student is required to maintain a moot court diary as the
diary is an integral part of the course and students will be evaluated in terms of
thoughtfulness and reflections about their learning experience.

SEMESTER VI
SUBJECT CODE & NAME:
PTSPPLB60T & PROFESSIONAL PROFICIENCY (ALTERNATE DISPUTE
RESOLUTION (ADR) TECHNIQUES)

COURSE OUTCOMES:
1. Discuss different methodologies and techniques used in research work.
2. Explain basic computer skills necessary for the conduct of research
3. Assess the basic function and working of analytical instruments used in research

UNIT I:
Introduction to ADR
 Meaning, objectives, and scope of ADR
 Faculty of Law United University

 Discussion: Why ADR is important in modern legal systems

Types of ADR Mechanisms
 Lecture on Negotiation, Mediation, Conciliation, and Arbitration
 Legal Framework of ADR in India Provisions under the CPC, 1908 (Section 89)
 Overview of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

UNIT II:
Arbitration Agreement and Arbitral Tribunal
 Essential components of an arbitration agreement
 Interactive Exercise: Drafting an arbitration clause
 Constitution and powers of arbitral tribunals
Arbitral Award and Enforcement
 Process of making an arbitral award
 Grounds for setting aside an award (Section 34)
 Enforcement of awards (domestic and international)

UNIT III:
Introduction to Mediation and Conciliation
 Differences between mediation and conciliation
 Legal framework for conciliation in India
 Stages of Mediation
 Pre-mediation, mediation process, and agreement.
 Role and Skills of a Mediator.
Conciliation Process
 Appointment and duties of a conciliator
 Interactive Exercise: Simulating conciliation of a dispute

UNIT IV: Lok Adalats and Other ADR Mechanisms

 Understand the concept, structure, and procedure of Lok Adalats.
 ADR mechanisms such as ODR and Ombudsman.
Lok Adalats: Concept and History
 Origin and development of Lok Adalats.
 Role of Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
 Procedure and Functioning of Lok Adalats
 Composition and jurisdiction of Lok Adalats
 Interactive Exercise: Mock Lok Adalat session
 Permanent Lok Adalats and Other Mechanisms
 Distinction between Lok Adalats and Permanent Lok Adalats
Introduction to Ombudsman and Online Dispute Resolution (ODR)

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Garg.B.L. Karadia, R., Agarwal,F. and Agarwal, U.K., 2002. An introduction to Research
Methodology, RBSA Publishers.
2. Kothari, C.R.(2008). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. Second Edition.
New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Sinha, S.C. and Dhiman, A.K., 2002. Research Methodology, Ess Ess Publications. 2
volumes.
 Faculty of Law United University

E RESOURCES AND OTHER DIGITAL MATERIALS:

1. https://www.jstor.org/stable
2. https://www.jstor.org/stable