Here’s a **printable PDF-style document** for **Grade 7 Natural Science
Term 2 Notes**. You can copy this into a word processor (like Microsoft Word
or Google Docs) and format it further if needed.
---
# **Grade 7 Natural Science – Term 2 Notes**
**Name:** ________________________
**Class:** _______ **Date:** _________
---
## **1. Properties of Materials**
### **Physical Properties**
| Property | Definition | Example |
|-------------------|------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| **Hardness** | Resistance to scratching | Diamond (hard), Chalk
(soft)|
| **Strength** | Ability to withstand force | Steel (strong), Plastic
(weak)|
| **Flexibility** | Can bend without breaking | Rubber (flexible), Glass
(brittle)|
| **Thermal Conductivity** | Conducts heat well | Metal (good), Wood
(poor) |
| **Electrical Conductivity** | Conducts electricity | Copper (conducts),
Plastic (insulates)|
### **Chemical Properties**
- **Reactivity**: How easily a material reacts (e.g., iron + oxygen → rust).
- **Flammability**: Can burn (e.g., paper = flammable, water = non-
flammable).
### **Uses of Materials**
- **Metals**: Wires (conductivity), buildings (strength).
- **Plastics**: Bottles (lightweight, waterproof).
- **Glass**: Windows (transparent).
---
## **2. Separating Mixtures**
| Method | How It Works | Example |
|-----------------|----------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| **Hand Sorting**| Picking out different items | Removing stones from rice
|
| **Sieving** | Separates solids by size | Sand vs. gravel |
| **Filtration** | Filters solids from liquids | Coffee filter |
| **Magnetism** | Attracts magnetic metals | Iron from sand |
| **Evaporation** | Liquid → gas, leaves solid | Salt from seawater |
| **Distillation**| Boils & condenses pure liquid | Pure water from saltwater
|
**Solutions:**
- **Solute** (e.g., salt) + **Solvent** (e.g., water) = **Solution**.
- **Soluble** (dissolves) vs. **Insoluble** (doesn’t dissolve).
---
## **3. Acids, Bases & Neutrals**
### **pH Scale**
- **Acids (pH < 7)**: Sour (lemon juice, vinegar).
- **Neutral (pH = 7)**: Water.
- **Bases (pH > 7)**: Bitter, slippery (soap, baking soda).
### **Indicators**
- **Litmus Paper**:
- Red → Blue (base).
- Blue → Red (acid).
- **Universal Indicator**: Shows exact pH (rainbow colors).
### **Neutralization Reaction**
**Acid + Base → Salt + Water**
*Example:* Stomach acid + Antacid → Relief.
---
## **4. The Earth & Its Resources**
### **Layers of the Earth**
1. **Crust** (solid rock).
2. **Mantle** (semi-liquid rock).
3. **Outer Core** (liquid iron/nickel).
4. **Inner Core** (solid iron, hottest).
### **Types of Rocks**
| Type | How It Forms | Example |
|-----------------|---------------------------|------------------|
| **Igneous** | Cooled lava/magma | Granite, Basalt |
| **Sedimentary** | Compressed sediments | Sandstone |
| **Metamorphic** | Heat + pressure | Marble |
### **Energy Sources**
- **Non-renewable**: Coal, oil (millions of years to form).
- **Renewable**: Solar, wind (sustainable).
---
## **5. The Solar System**
### **Planets (Order from Sun)**
1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune
**Mnemonics:** *"My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles"*
### **Key Features**
- **Inner Planets**: Rocky, small (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars).
- **Outer Planets**: Gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune).
- **Earth**: Only planet with liquid water and life.
### **Other Space Objects**
- **Asteroids**: Rocky, in asteroid belt (Mars/Jupiter).
- **Comets**: Ice/dust with tails (e.g., Halley’s Comet).
- **Meteors**: "Shooting stars."
---
## **Revision Activities**
✔ **Quiz Yourself**: Cover notes and recall key points.
✔ **Draw Diagrams**: Rock cycle, solar system.
