CSE 100

Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Lab

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Drawing: A drawing is a graphic representation of an object, or a part of it, and is the
result of creative thought by an engineer or technician. When one person sketches a
rough map in giving direction to another, this is graphic communication. Graphic
communication involves using visual materials to relate ideas. Drawings, photographs,
slides, transparencies, and sketches are all forms of graphic communication. Any
medium that uses a graphic image to aid in conveying a message, instructions, or an
idea is involved in graphic communication.

Engineering drawing: The engineering drawing, on the other hand, is not subtle, or
abstract. It does not require an understanding of its creator, only an understanding of
engineering drawings. An engineering drawing is a means of clearly and concisely
communicating all of the information necessary to transform an idea or a concept in to
reality. Therefore, an engineering drawing often contains more than just a graphic
representation of its subject. It also contains dimensions, notes and specifications

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
TRIANGLES: A triangle is a closed plane figure with three straight sides
and their interior angles sum up exactly 1800. The various kinds of
triangles: a right triangle, an equilateral triangle, an isosceles triangle, and
an obtuse angled triangle

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

QUADRIALTERAL: It is a plane figure bounded by four straight sides.
When opposite sides are parallel, the quadrilateral is also considered to be a
parallelogram.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

POLYGON: A polygon is a closed plane figure with three or more straight
sides. The most important of these polygons as they relate to drafting are
probably the triangle with three sides, square with four sides, the hexagon
with six sides, and the octagon with eight sides.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Regular Pentagon

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Regular Hexagon

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

 Types of Lines

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Visible/Object Lines

Dark, heavy lines.

Used to represent the outline or contour of the object being drawn.
Define features you can see in a particular view.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Hidden Lines:

Light, narrow, short, dashed lines.

Shows the outline of a feature that cannot be seen in a particular view.
Used to help clarify a feature, but can be omitted if they clutter a drawing.
Hidden lines should always begin and end with a dash. Exception: When the
hidden line begins or ends at a parallel visible or hidden line.
Dashes should join at corners.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Section Lines:

Thin line usually drawn at a 45 degree angle.

Indicates the material that has been cut through in a sectional view.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Center Lines:

Thin line consisting of alternating long and short dashes.

Used to represent the center of round or cylindrical features, or the symmetry of a feature.
Center lines should start and end with long dashes.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Dimension Lines:

Thin lines capped on the ends with arrowheads and broken along their length to provide a space
for the dimension numeral.
They indicate length.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Extension Lines:

Thin lines used to establish the extent of a dimension. Can also be used to show extension of a
surface to a theoretical intersection as shown in (b). Begin 1.5mm from the object and extend
to 3mm beyond the last dimension. They should not cross dimension lines.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Leader Lines:

Thin lines used to connect a specific note to a feature.

Also used to direct dimensions, symbols, item number and part numbers on a drawing.
Commonly drawn at 45, 30 and 60 degrees.
Has a short shoulder (3-6mm) at one end beginning at the center of the vertical height of
text, and a standard dimension arrowhead at the other end touching the feature.
Leader lines should not cross each other.
Leader lines should not be excessively long.
Leader lines should not be vertical or horizontal.
Leader lines should not be parallel to dimension lines, extension lines or section lines.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Arrowheads:

Used to terminate dimension lines and leader lines and on cutting-plane lines and viewing plane lines.
They should be three times as long as they are wide.
They should be the same size throughout the drawing.
The filled arrowhead is generally preferred because of its clarity.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Cutting Plane Lines:

Thick broken line that is terminated with short 90 degree arrowheads.

Shows where a part is mentally cut in half to better see the interior detail.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Line Precedence:

If two lines occur in the same place, the line that is considered to be the least important is omitted.
Lines in order of precedence/importance are as follows:
- Cutting plane line
- Visible line
- Hidden line
- Centerline

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Perspective Projections

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Projection:

Projections transform points from n (here, n = 3) dimensional space into a space of

dimension less than n (here, n = 2)
Points to be considered,
- Location of object
- Location of observer
- Plane of projection
- Projectors/lines of projection

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Parallel Projections:

Parallel Projection is a type of projection where the line of sight or projectors are parallel
and are perpendicular to the picture planes. It is subdivided in to the following three
categories: Orthographic, Oblique and Axonometric Projections.

Orthographic projections: are drawn as multi view drawings, which show flat
representations of principal views of the subject.
Oblique Projections: actually show the full size of one view.
Axonometric Projections: are three-dimensional drawings, and are of three different
varieties: Isometric, Dimetric and Trimetric.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Orthographic Projections:

Orthographic projections are drawings where the projectors, the observer or station point remain parallel to
each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection.
Orthographic projections are further subdivided into axonometric projections and multi view projections.
Effective in technical representation of objects.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Orthographic Projections and Isometric Drawing

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Introduction:
Orthographic projection = 2-D representation of a 3-D object.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

The Six Principal Views:
The 6 principal views are created by looking at the object, straight on, in the directions indicated.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

The Glass Box Method:

The object is placed in a glass box.

The sides of the box represent the 6 principal planes.
The image of the object is projected on the sides of the box.
Things to notice:
1. The projection planes.
2. The projectors.
3. How surfaces A and B are projected.
The box is unfolded creating the 6 principal views.

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Isometric to Orthographic Drawing

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Orthographic to Isometric Drawing

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

 Structural drawing
Plan view, Elevation view and Cross sectional view

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU

Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU
 Thanks
to
Everyone
Md. Rakib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Eengineering, FU