Welcome to

Relations and Functions

Class – XII
 Lecture Outline

1.3 Introduction to Functions

1.4 Kinds of Functions

1.5 Composition of a Function

1.6 Inverse of a Function

 1.3 Introduction to Functions
A relation 𝑓 from a set 𝐴 to the set 𝐵 is said to be function or mapping, if every element
of set 𝐴 has associated with unique element in set 𝐵 and it is denoted by 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵.

The relation 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵} is said to be function if and only if there exists 𝑏 ∈
𝐵 such that (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 for all 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 and if (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅 then 𝑏 = 𝑐.
 1.3 Introduction to Functions

Real Function, Domain, and Range of Some Special Functions

Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 be a function and, if 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑅, 𝐵 ⊆ 𝑅, then the function 𝑓(𝑥) is called a real

function.
1.3 Introduction to Functions
 Question
1
The domain of the function f x = 𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 2 +
𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4

Ans: (b)
 Question
1
The domain of the definition of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = + log10 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 is
4−𝑥 2

A) (−1,0) ∪ (1,2) ∪ (2, ∞)

B) (−2, −1) ∪ (−1,0) ∪ (2, ∞)
C) (1,2) ∪ (2, ∞)
D) (−1,0) ∪ (1,2) ∪ (3, ∞)

Ans: (a)
 Question
If the domain of the function log 5 18𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 77 is (𝛼, 𝛽) and the domain of the
2𝑥 2 +3𝑥−2
function log (𝑥−1) 2 is (𝛾, 𝛿), then 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 𝛾 2 is equal to:
𝑥 −3𝑥−4

A) 186
B) 179
C) 195
D) 174

Ans: (a)
 Question
The domain of the function f x = 𝑥 2 − 4|𝑥| + 3 is

1. (−∞, 3]

2. [1, ∞)

3. (−∞, −3] ∪ −1, ∞

4. −∞, −3 ∪ −1,1 ∪ [3, ∞)

Ans: (b)
 Question
log 𝑥+1 𝑥−2
The domain of the function f x = , x𝜖𝑅, is
𝑒 2 log𝑒 𝑥 −(2𝑥+3)

1. −1, ∞ − {3}

2. 2, ∞ − {3}

3. 𝑅 − {3}

4. R−{−1,3}

Ans: (b)
 Question
The domain of the function f x = sin(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)

𝝅 𝝅
Ans: 𝟐𝒏𝝅 − 𝟐 , 𝟐𝒏𝝅 + 𝟐 , 𝒏𝝐𝑰
 Question
The domain of the function f x = log 2 ( log 4 (log 2 ( log 3 (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 23))))
is

Ans: (−∞, −𝟖) ∪(4, ∞)

 Question
1
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = be a function defined on 𝑅. Then the range of the
7−sin 5𝑥
function 𝑓(𝑥) is equal to:

[06-04-2024 Shift 2]
1 1
a) ,
8 5

1 1
b) ,
7 6

1 1
c) ,
7 5

1 1
d) ,
8 6

Ans: (d)
 Question
1
Let the range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ be [𝑎, 𝑏]. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 ar
2+sin 3𝑥+cos 3𝑥
𝛼
respectively the A.M. and the G.M. of 𝑎 and 𝑏, then is equal to
𝛽

A) 𝜋
B) 𝜋
C) 2
D) 2

Ans: (c)
 Question
𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1
Let 𝑓: ℝ − {2,6} → ℝ be real valued function defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = .
𝑥 2 −8𝑥+12

Then range of 𝑓 is

21
A) −∞, − ∪ [1, ∞)
4

21
B) −∞, − ∪ (0, ∞)
4

21
C) −∞, − ∪ [0, ∞)
4

21 21
D) −∞, − ∪ ,∞
4 4

Ans: (d)
 Question
x2
Then the range of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = is
x4 +1

a) (0, ½)
1
b) 0,
2

c) 0, ∞

d) 0,2

Ans: (b)
 Question
Then the range of the function f x = 3 − 𝑥+ 𝑥 + 2 is

a) 2, 7

b) 5, 10

c) 2 2, 11

d) 5, 13

Ans: (b)
 Question
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋[x2 −1]
Then the range of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = is
x4 +1

a) R

b) −1,1

c) {0,1}

d) {0}

Ans: (d)
 Question
1
Consider the function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) satisfying the condition 𝑓 𝑥 + =
𝑥
1
𝑥2 + (𝑥 ≠ 0). Then the
𝑥2

a) domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is R
b) domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is R − −2,2
c) range of 𝑓(𝑥) is −2, ∞
d) range of 𝑓(𝑥) is [2, ∞)

Ans: (b,d)
 Question
𝑥
If the domain of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = , [x] is G.I.F, is [2,6), then the
1+𝑥 2
range is

a) (5/26, 2/5]

5 2
b) ,
37 5

5 2 9 27 18 9
c) , − , , ,
26 5 29 109 89 53

5 2 9 27 18 9
d) , − , , ,
37 5 29 109 89 53

Ans: (b)
 1.3 Introduction to Functions
Even Functions
A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝑅 is said to be even function, if 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴.

1. The graph of an even function is symmetric about

𝑦 - axis.

2. If (𝑥, 𝑦) is a point on the graph of even function,

then (−𝑥, 𝑦) is also a point on the graph.

3. Every constant function is even function.

 1.3 Introduction to Functions
Even Functions
 1.3 Introduction to Functions
Even Functions
Example: Is 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆−𝒙 an even function ?
 Question
𝜋 𝜋
Let f: − , → 𝑅 be given by f x = (log 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )3
2 2

Ans: (0)
 1.3 Introduction to Functions
Odd Functions: A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝑅 is said to be odd
function, if 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴.

4. The graph of an odd function is symmetric about the

origin, it is symmetrical in opposite quadrants.

5. If (𝑥, 𝑦) is a point on the graph of odd function, then

(−𝑥, −𝑦) is also a point on the graph.

6. Even power of even function or odd function is always

even function.

7. Every function can be uniquely expressed as sum of

even and odd functions, i.e., 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥),
1
where 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(−𝑥)) is an even function
2
1
and ℎ(𝑥) = (𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(−𝑥)) is an odd function.
2
 1.3 Introduction to Functions
Odd Functions:
 Question
If f x = 𝑎𝑥 5 + 𝑏𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 is an odd function then d=

Ans: (0)
 Question
If f x + 𝑔(𝑥) = e−x where f(x) is an even function g(x) is odd function
then, f(x)=

e−x
1. 2

ex + e−x
2. 2

ex − e−x
3. 2

𝑒𝑥
4. 2

Ans: (2)
 Question
Check which of the following are odd or even or neither ?

𝑎𝑥 −1
1. 𝑓1 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 +1
;𝑎 > 0

1+𝑎𝑘𝑥
2. 𝑓2 𝑥 = 1−𝑎𝑘𝑥
;𝑎 > 0
 Question
Check which of the following are odd or even or neither ?

1. 𝑓3 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − |𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥|
−𝑥 2 sin2 𝑥
2. 𝑓4 𝑥 = 𝑥. 𝑒
 Question
Check which of the following are odd or even or neither ?
𝑥 𝑥
1. 𝑓5 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 −1 + 2 + 1

2. 𝑓6 𝑥 = log 𝑒 (𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 1)
 Question

𝟒 𝟒
Is 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟑 an odd function?
 1.4 Kinds of Functions: one-one
One – to –one Function
A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is said to be a one-to-one function or an injection, if different elements of
𝐴 have different images in 𝐵. Thus, 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is one-to-one, 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑎) ≠ 𝑓(𝑏) for all 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈
𝐴. If 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is one-to-one function, then 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑏) ⇔ 𝑎 = 𝑏 for all 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴.

Note: Suppose that a function is given in the form of ordered pairs. If two ordered pairs do not
have same second element, then the function is one-to-one function.
 1.4 Kinds of Functions: one-one
One – to –one Function
1.4 Kinds of Functions: one-one
 1.4 Kinds of Functions

One – to – one Function

If a function 𝑓(𝑥) is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing in its domain, then the
function is one-to-one function.
Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 be a function, such that 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0 or 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴. Then, the
function is one-to-one function.
If the continuous graph of a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) intersects every horizontal line (parallel
to the 𝑥-axis) at most once, then the function is one-to-one. This property ensures that
each input value corresponds to a unique output value, making it a one-to-one
function. This is called horizontal line test.
1.4 Kinds of Functions
 1.4 Kinds of Functions
Number of one-to-one functions:

If 𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑚, 𝑛(𝐵) = 𝑛, then the number of one to one functions defined from the set
𝐴 to the set 𝐵 is, 𝑛 𝑃𝑚 when 𝑚 ≤ 𝑛. If 𝑚 > 𝑛 then the number of one-to-one functions
from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is zero.
 1.4 Kinds of Functions: one-one
One – to – one Function
Example:
1. f(x)= 3x+5
2. g(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐
3. h(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑
4. f(x)= 𝒙
5. g(x)= x 𝒙
𝒙−𝟐
6. h(x)=
𝒙−𝟑
 Question
Which of the following functions is not injective?
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1|, 𝑥 ∈ [−1, ∞)

1
b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + , 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)
𝑥

c) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5, 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)

d) 𝑘(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞)

Ans: (b)
 Question

𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1
Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function such that 𝑓(𝑥) = . Then
𝑥 2 +1

A) 𝑓(𝑥) is many-one in (−∞, −1)

B) 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one in (−∞, ∞)
C) 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one in [1, ∞) but not in (−∞, ∞)
D) 𝑓(𝑥) is many-one in (1, ∞)

Ans: (b)
 1.4 Kinds of Functions: many-one
Many-to-One Function

A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is said to be a many-to-one function if two or more elements of set

𝐴 have the same image in 𝐵.

Thus, 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is a many-to-one function, if there exists two distinct elements 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴,

such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦). If the function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is not one-to-one, then it is many-to-
one function.
 1.4 Kinds of Functions: many-one
Many-to-One Function
 1.4 Kinds of Functions
Many-to-One Function
1. Every constant function whose domain has more than one element is many-to one
function.
2. All even functions, and all polynomial functions of even degree are many-to-one
functions.
3. Polynomial functions of odd degree are either many-to-one or one-to-one functions.
4. If a function is given in the form of a set of ordered pairs and the second element
of at least two ordered pairs are same, then the function is many-to-one.
If the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is given and the line parallel to 𝑥-axis cuts the curve at
more than one point, then function is many-to-one.
5. All periodic functions are many-to-one functions.
 1.4 Kinds of Functions: many-one
Many-to-One Function

Let A = {1,2,3,4} and B = {1,4,9,16}. Then the number of many-one functions

𝑓: A → B such that 1 ∈ 𝑓( A) is equal to :

A) 151
B) 139
C) 163
D) 127

Ans: (a)
 1.4 Kinds of Functions: Onto or Surjective
Onto Function or Surjection

A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is onto if each element of 𝐵 has at least one pre-image in 𝐴.

If there exists 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 for every 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 such that 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑏, then the function is onto.

If the range of 𝑓(𝑥) is same as the codomain of 𝑓(𝑥), then the function is onto.

If there is any element in 𝐵 which has no pre-image in 𝐴, then the function 𝑓(𝑥)
is not onto, it is called into function.
1.4 Kinds of Functions: Onto or Surjective
1.4 Kinds of Functions: Onto or Surjective
 1.4 Kinds of Functions
Number of onto functions:

• If 𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑚, 𝑛(𝐵) = 𝑛, and 1 ≤ 𝑛(𝐵) ≤ 𝑛(𝐴), then the number of onto

functions from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is 𝑛𝑚 − 𝑛𝐶1 (𝑛 − 1)𝑚 + 𝑛𝐶1 (𝑛 − 2)𝑚 − ⋯

• If 𝑛(𝐴) < 𝑛(𝐵), then the number of onto functions is zero.

1.4 Kinds of Functions: Into function
 1.4 Kinds of Functions
Bijection

A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is a bijection if it is one-to-one as well as onto.

A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is bijective function, if it is one-to-one, i.e., 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦) ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑦

for all 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴, and it is onto, i.e., for all 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵, there exists 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦.

If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two finite sets and 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is bijective function, then 𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑛(𝐵).
The number of bijective functions from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is 𝑛(𝐴) !
 1.4 Kinds of Functions
Bijection
 Question
Let N be the set of all natural numbers, Z be the set of all integers and
𝑛
, if 𝑛 is even
2
𝜎: 𝑁 → 𝑍 be defined by 𝜎(𝑛) = ቐ 𝑛−1
− , if 𝑛 is odd
2

a) 𝜎 is one - one but not onto

b) 𝜎 is onto but not one-one
c) 𝜎 is one - one and onto
d) 𝜎 is neither one - one nor onto

Ans: (c)
 Question
𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 is
1 + |𝑥|

a) One – one
b) Onto but not one – one
c) One - one but not onto
d) neither one - one

Ans: (c)
 Question
Let a function f: N → N be defined by
2𝑛, 𝑛 = 2,4,6,8, … …
𝑛 − 1, 𝑛 = 3,7,11,15, … …
𝑓(𝑛) = 𝑛 + 1
, 𝑛 = 1,5,9,13, … …
2
then, 𝑓 is

A) one-one but not onto

B) onto but not one-one
C) neither one-one nor onto
D) one-one and onto

Ans: (d)
 Question
𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1
Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function such that 𝑓(𝑥) = . Then
𝑥 2 +1

A) 𝑓(𝑥) is many-one in (−∞, −1)

B) 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one in (−∞, ∞)
C) 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one in [1, ∞) but not in (−∞, ∞)
D) 𝑓(𝑥) is many-one in (1, ∞)

Ans: (c)
 Question
1
If 𝑓: 𝑅 → (0,1] defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = , then 𝑓 is
𝑥 2 +1

a) Not one - one

b) Not onto
c) Not one - one but onto
d) One - one but not onto

Ans: (c)
 Question

Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 +300𝑥 + 5sin 𝑥, then 𝑓 is

a) one - one onto.

b) one - one into.
c) many one onto.
d) many one into.

Ans: (a)
 Question
Which of the following functions is not injective?

a) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1|, 𝑥 ∈ [−1, ∞)

1
b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + , 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)
𝑥

c) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5, 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)
d) 𝑘(𝑥) = e−𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞)

Ans: (b)
 Question
𝑓: 𝑅+ → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ (0,1), 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ [1, ∞) is

a) onto.
b) one - one.
c) neither one - one nor onto.
d) one one onto.

Ans: (b)
 Question
For real 𝑥, let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 + 1, then

a) 𝑓 is one - one but not onto on 𝑅.

b) 𝑓 is onto on 𝑅 but not one - one.
c) 𝑓 is one - one and onto on 𝑅.
d) 𝑓 is neither one - one nor onto on 𝑅.

Ans: (c)
 Question
If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3, then 𝑓 is

a) A function
b) One one
c) Onto
d) One one onto

Ans: (a)
 Question
𝑥 2 −4
If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 +1
then 𝑓(𝑥) is

a) one - one and not onto.

b) one - one and onto.
c) not one - one but onto.
d) neither one - one nor onto.

Ans: (d)
 Question
𝑥 2 +4𝑥+30
𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = is
𝑥 2 −8𝑥+18

a) one-one and onto.

b) many-one and onto.
c) one-one and into.
d) many-one and into.

Ans: (d)
 Question
𝑥 2 +2𝑥−15
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = ,𝑥 ∈ ℝ is
𝑥 2 −4𝑥+9

A) both one-one and onto.

B) onto but not one-one.
C) neither one-one nor onto.
D) one-one but not onto.

Ans: (c)
 Question
If the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|(𝑥 − sin 𝑥),
then which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) 𝑓 is one-one, but NOT onto

B) f is onto, but NOT one-one
C) 𝑓 is BOTH one-one and onto
D) 𝑓 is NEITHER one-one NOR onto

Ans: (c)
 Question
𝜋 𝜋
Let 𝑓: − , → 𝑅 be given by 𝑓(𝑥) = [log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥)]3 . Then,
2 2

A) 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function

B) 𝑓(𝑥) is a one-one function
C) 𝑓(𝑥) is an onto function
D) 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function

Ans: (a,b,c)
 1.5 Composition of a Function
If 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and 𝑔: 𝐵 → 𝐶 are two functions, then the composite function of 𝑓 and 𝑔
is 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐶, will be defined as (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴.
The function (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) is simply the 𝑔 − image of 𝑓(𝑥) where 𝑓(𝑥) is 𝑓 image of
element 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴.' The function 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 will exist only when the range of 𝑓 is the subset of
domain of 𝑔. The function 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 does not exist if the range of 𝑔 is not a subset of
domain of 𝑓.
1.5 Composition of a Function
1.5 Composition of a Function
 Question
1
If 𝑓 𝑥 = . Find (f ∘ f(𝑥)) is
1−x

Ans: (c)
 Question
If 𝑓 𝑥 = x+1; 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 and g 𝑥 = 𝑥 ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3. Find (f ∘ f)(𝑥), (f ∘
g)(𝑥), (g ∘ f)(𝑥) and g ∘ g 𝑥 .

Ans: (c)
 1.5 Composition of a Function
Important points to remember about composition of function:

1. The functions 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 and 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 may not be always defined.

2. If both 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are onto functions, then 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 is onto, if exists.

3. If 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 is one-to-one function, then 𝑓(𝑥) is one-to-one function.

4. If 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 is onto function, then 𝑔(𝑥) is onto function.

5. If 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is any function, then 𝑓 ∘ 𝐼𝐴 = 𝐼𝐵 ∘ 𝑓 = 𝑓.

6. If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are even functions, then 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is also an even function.

 1.5 Composition of a Function
Important points to remember about composition of function:
7. If 𝑓 is even and 𝑔 is an odd function, then 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is an even function.
8. If 𝑓 is odd and 𝑔 is even function, then 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is even function.
9. If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are odd functions, then 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is odd function.
10. Composition of two functions is not commutative. It means that 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 ≠ 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓
11. Associative property holds good in composition of functions. (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔) ∘ ℎ = 𝑓 ∘
(𝑔 ∘ ℎ)
 Question
𝛼𝑥
If 𝑓(𝑥) = ,𝑥 ≠ −1, then the value of 𝛼 for which 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥 is
𝑥+1

a) 2
b) − 2
c) 1
d) -1

Ans: (d)
 Question
If 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 and 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 3 + 2 𝑥 +𝑥, then 𝑓 𝑥 =

a) 1 + 2𝑥 2
b) 2 + 𝑥 2
c) 1 + 𝑥
d) 2 + 𝑥

Ans: (b)
 Question
𝑥, if 𝑥 ∈ 𝑄
If 𝑓(𝑥) is defined on [0,1] as 𝑓(𝑥) = ൜ where (𝑓 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) =
1 − 𝑥, if 𝑥 ∉ 𝑄

a) 1
b) 𝑥
c) 1 − 𝑥
d) 1 + 𝑥

Ans: (b)
 Question
𝑥+1
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = , fof (𝑥) = 𝑓 2 (𝑥); fofof (𝑥) = 𝑓 3 (𝑥), fofofof (𝑥) =
𝑥−1
𝑓 (𝑥) …. then 𝑓 2008 (𝑥) = -
4

a) 𝑥
b) 𝑓(𝑥)
c) 0
1
d)
𝑥

Ans: (a)
 Question
1 1
The function y = f(x) satisfying the condition f x + = x3 + is
x x3

a) f(x) = x 2
b) f(x) = x 3 − 2
c) f(x) = x 2 + 2
d) f(x) = x 3 − 3x

Ans: (d)
 Question
Let 𝑓, 𝑔: 𝐑 → 𝐑 be defined as:
e𝑥 , 𝑥≥0
𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 1| and 𝑔(𝑥) = ቊ
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥≤0
Then the function 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) is

A) neither one-one nor onto.

B) one-one but not onto.
C) both one-one and onto.
D) onto but not one-one.

Ans: (a)
 Question
log e 𝑥, 𝑥>0
Let 𝑓: 𝐑 → 𝐑 and 𝑔: 𝐑 → 𝐑 be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = ቊ −𝑥 and
e , 𝑥≤0
𝑥, 𝑥 ⩾ 0
𝑔(𝑥) = ቊ 𝑥 .Then, gof : 𝐑 → 𝐑 is :
e , 𝑥<0

A) one-one but not onto

B) neither one-one nor onto
C) onto but not one-one
D) both one-one and onto

Ans: (b)
 Question
4𝑥+3 2 2 2
If 𝑓(𝑥) = ,𝑥 ≠ and (𝑓 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥), where 𝑔: ℝ − →ℝ− ,
6𝑥−4 3 3 3
then (𝑔o𝑔o𝑔)(4) is equal to

A) -4
19
B)
20
19
C) −
20

D) 4

Ans: (d)
 Question
2 + 2𝑥, −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0 −𝑥, −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
If 𝑓(𝑥) = ൝ 1 − , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 ; 𝑔(𝑥) = ቊ
𝑥 , then range of
3
𝑥, 0<𝑥≤1
(𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) is

A) [0,1)
B) [0,3)
C) (0,1]
D) [0,1]

Ans: (d)
 Question
−1 −5 2𝑥+3
Let 𝑓: 𝐑 − → 𝐑 and 𝑔: 𝐑 − → 𝐑 be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) =
2 2 2𝑥+1
|𝑥|+1
and 𝑔(𝑥) = . Then, the domain of the function fog is :
2𝑥+5

7
A) 𝐑 − −
4

B) R
5 7
C) 𝐑 − − , −
2 4
5
D) 𝐑 − −
2

Ans: (d)
 Question
If for 𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞), 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = |sin 𝑥|, 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] = (sin 𝑥)2 , then

a) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥

b) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥|
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = sin 𝑥
d) 𝑓, 𝑔 cannot be determined

Ans: (a)
 Question
5
If 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 and (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 +5 , then 𝑓 is equal to
4

1
a)
2
1
b) −
2

3
c) −
2
3
d)
2

Ans: (b)
 Question
The functions 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are defined as

𝑓(𝑥) = ቊ 0 when 𝑥 is rational

1 when 𝑥 is irrational

𝑔(𝑥) = ൜−1 when 𝑥 is rational then (𝑓o𝑔)

0 when 𝑥 is irrational

(𝜋) + (𝑔o𝑓)(𝑒) + 10 =

Ans: (9)
 Question
2010𝑥+165 2010
If 𝑓(𝑥) = ,𝑥 > 0 and 𝑥 ≠ then the least value of
165𝑥−2010 165

4
𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) +𝑓 𝑓 is
𝑥

Ans: (4)
 Question

A continuous function f satisfies the property f(f(x)) = 1 − x. Then

1 3
the value of f +f is
4 4

Ans: (1)
 Question
−1 −5 2𝑥+3
Let f: R − → R and g: R − → R be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = and
2 2 2𝑥+1
|𝑥|+1
𝑔(𝑥) = . Then the domain of the function fog is:
2𝑥+5

[27-01-2024-Shift 2]
5
a) 𝑅 − −
2

b) R
7
c) 𝑅 − −
4

5 7
d) R − − , −
2 4

Ans: (a)
 Question
2 + 2𝑥, −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
𝑥 −𝑥, −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
If 𝑓(𝑥) = ቐ ; 𝑔(𝑥) = ቊ
1− ,0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
3

then range of (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥)) is

[29-01-2024-Shift 1]

a) (0,1]

b) [0,3)

c) [0,1]

d) [0,1)

Ans: (c)
 Question
4x+3 2 2 2
If f(x) = ,x ≠ and (fof) (x) = g(x), where g: ℝ − →ℝ− , then
6x−4 3 3 3
(gogog) (4) is equal to

[31-01-2024- Shift 1]
19
a) −
20

19
b)
20

c) −4

d) 4

Ans: (d)
 Question
log e x, x>0
Let f: 𝐑 → 𝐑 and g: 𝐑 → 𝐑 be defined as f(x) = ቊ −x and
e , x≤0
𝑥 ,𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑔(𝑥) = ቊ 𝑥 . Then, gof ∶ 𝐑 → 𝐑 is:
𝑒 ,𝑥 < 0

[01-02-2024- Shift 1]

a) one-one but not onto

b) neither one-one nor onto

c) onto but not one-one

d) both one-one and onto

Ans: (b)
 Question
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = sin sin sin 𝑥 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 and g(x) = sin 𝑥 for all x ∈ R.
6 2 2
Let (𝑓o𝑔)(𝑥) denote f(g(x)) and (𝑔o𝑓)(𝑥) denote g(f(x)). Then which of the
following is/are true?

1 1
A) Range of f is − , .
2 2
1 1
B) Range of f ∘ g is − , .
2 2
𝑓(𝑥) 𝜋
C) lim𝑥→0 = .
𝑔(𝑥) 6

D) There is an 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 such that (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 1.

Ans: (a,b,c)
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 be a function defined by 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) such that 𝑓(𝑥) is both one-one and
onto. Then, there exists a unique function 𝑔: 𝐵 → 𝐴 such that (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝐼𝐴 , and
(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝐼𝐵 . The function 𝑔(𝑥) is called the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) and it is denoted by
𝑔 = 𝑓 −1 .
1.6 Inverse of a Function
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
1
If 𝑓 𝑥 = . Find f −1 𝑥 .
1−x

Ans: (c)
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
1
If f:[1,∞] → 2, ∞ is given by 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + . Find f −1 𝑥 .
x

Ans: (c)
 Question
14. 𝑓: [0, ∞) → [4, ∞) is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +4 then 𝑓 −1 (13) = _________ .
1.6 Inverse of a Function
1.6 Inverse of a Function
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
5. Working rule to find the inverse of a function:
i. Check whether the function 𝑓(𝑥) is invertible or not, i.e., check whether 𝑓(𝑥)
is bijective.
ii. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 be a bijection, put 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦. Solve the equation 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) to
obtain 𝑥 in terms of 𝑦. Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦 to obtain the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥).
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
6. If 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and 𝑔: 𝐵 → 𝐶 are two bijections, then 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐶 is a bijection and
(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)−1 = 𝑓 −1 ∘ 𝑔−1 .

7. If 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 then either 𝑓 −1 = 𝑔 or 𝑔−1 = 𝑓. In this case, 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔 ∘

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥.
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
1
If f:[1,∞] → 2, ∞ is given by 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + . Find f −1 𝑥 .
x

Ans: (c)
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥, g(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1, then 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) is invertible in the domain

𝜋
a) 0,
2

𝜋 𝜋
b) − ,
4 4

𝜋 𝜋
c) − ,
2 2

d) [0, 𝜋]

Ans: (b)
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be given by 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 − 1, 𝑥 ≥ −1. Then the set of
values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is given by

a) {0}
b) {−1,0}
c) {−1}
d) {0,1}

Ans: (b)
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 4, 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 + 3𝑥
and 2 𝑔−1 ∘ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) > 𝑓 −1 ∘ 𝑔−1 (𝑥), then 𝑥 ∈

a) (1, ∞)
1
b) ,∞
2

1
c) − , ∞
2

d) (14, ∞)

Ans: (d)
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1, then 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) is invertible
in the domain

𝜋
a) 0,
2

𝜋 𝜋
b) − ,
4 4

𝜋 𝜋
c) − ,
2 2

d) [0, 𝜋]

Ans: (b)
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
The inverse of 𝑦 = 5log 𝑥 is :

A) 𝑥 = 5log 𝑦
1
B) 𝑥 = 𝑦 log 5

1
C) 𝑥 = 5 log 𝑦

D) 𝑥 = 𝑦 log 5

Ans: (b)
 1.6 Inverse of a Function
82x −8−2x
The inverse function of f(x) = ,x ∈ (−1, 1), is :
82x +8−2x

1 1−x
A) log e
4 1+x

1 1−x
B) log 8 e log e
4 1+x

1 1+x
C) log 8 e log e
4 1−x

1 1+x
D) log e
4 1−x

Ans: (c)
Miscellaneous questions on Functions
 Question
2−|x|
If the domain of the function f(x) = cos −1 + log e (3 − x) −1
is
4
[−𝛼, 𝛽) − {𝑦}, then 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 is equal to :

[30-01-2024-Shift 1]

a) 12

b) 9

c) 11

d) 8

Ans: (c)
 Question
2𝑥+3 2𝑥−1
If the domain of the function f(x) = log e + cos −1 is
4𝑥 2 +𝑥−3 𝑥+2
(𝛼, 𝛽], then the value of 5𝛽 − 4𝛼 is equal to

[30-01-2024-Shift 2]

a) 10

b) 12

c) 11

d) 9

Ans: (b)
 Question
Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3, … .7} and let 𝑃(1) denote the power set of 𝐴. If the number
of functions 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝑃(𝐴) such that 𝑎 ∈ 𝑓(𝑎), ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 is 𝑚𝑛 , 𝑚 and 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁
and 𝑚 is least, then 𝑚 + 𝑛 is equal to
[30-01-2024-Shift 1]

Ans: (44)
 Question
𝑥 2 −25
If the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = +log10 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 is
4−𝑥 2
(−∞, 𝛼)𝑈[𝛽, ∞), then 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 3 is equal to :

[01-02-2024- Shift 2]

a) 140

b) 175

c) 150

d) 125

Ans: (c)
 Question
If a function 𝑓 satisfies 𝑓(𝑚 + 𝑛) = 𝑓(𝑚) + 𝑓(𝑛) for all 𝑚, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 𝑓(1) = 1,
then the largest natural number 𝜆 such that ∑2022 2
𝑘=1 f(𝜆 + k) ≤ (2022) is equal
to _______
[09-04-2024 Shift 1]

Ans: (1010)
 Question
−𝑎 if − 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
Letf (𝑥) = ቊ where 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑓|𝑥|) − |𝑓(𝑥)|)/2.
𝑥+𝑎 if 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎
Then the function 𝑔: [−𝑎, 𝑎] [−𝑎, 𝑎] is

[08-04-2024 Shift 2]

a) neither one-one nor onto

b) both one-one and onto

c) one-one

d) onto

Ans: (a)
 Question
Let [𝑡] be the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑡. Let 𝐴 be the set of al
𝑥3
prime factors of 2310 and 𝑓: 𝐴 → ℤ be the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log 2 𝑥2 + .
5
The number of one-to-one functions from 𝐴 to the range of 𝑓 is:

[08-04-2024 Shift 1]

a) 20

b) 120

c) 25

d) 24

Ans: (b)
 Question
𝑒𝑥, 𝑥≥0
Let 𝑓, g: R → R be defined as 𝑓(x) = |x − 1| and 𝑔(𝑥) = ቊ .
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥≤0
Then the function 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) is

[05-04-2024 Shift 2]

a) neither one-one nor onto.

b) one-one but not onto.

c) both one-one and onto.

d) onto but not one-one.

Ans: (a)
 Question
2𝑥
Consider the function f: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = . If the
1+9𝑥 2
210 x
composition of f, (f o f o o. . f)(x) = , then the value of 3𝛼 + 1 is
1+9𝛼x2
10times
equal to .....
[04-04-2024 Shift 2]

Ans: (1024)
 Question
The function f: N − {1} → N; defined by f(n) = the highest prime factor of
n, is :

[27-01-2024- Shift 1]

a) both one-one and onto

b) one-one only

c) onto only

d) neither one-one nor onto

Ans: (d)
 Question
3
8. The domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 is
4+2sin 𝑥

5𝜋 𝜋
(1) − ,
6 3

𝜋 7𝜋
(2) − ,
6 6

𝜋
(3) − ,𝜋
6

𝜋 𝜋
(4) − ,
2 2
 Question
13. If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1, then 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) is invertible in the domain
𝜋
(1) 0,
2

𝜋 𝜋
(2) − ,
4 4

𝜋 𝜋
(3) − ,
2 2

(4) [0, 𝜋]
 Question
15. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 2, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3, then
𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 −1 (3) = ________.
 Question
2𝑥−3
16. Let 𝑓 be a real-valued invertible function such that 𝑓 = 5𝑥 − 2, 𝑥 ≠ 2
𝑥−2
Then the value of 𝑓 −1 (13) is _______
 Question
17. If the function 𝑓: [1, ∞) → [1, ∞) is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥(𝑥−1) , then find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).
 Question
18.
 Question
19.
 Question
20.
 Question
21.
 Question
23. If the functions f & g are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 4, 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2 for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅,
1
respectively then 𝑔−1 𝑓 −1 (5) = then 𝐾 =
𝐾
 Question
24. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 + 3𝑥, then
𝑔−1 𝑜𝑓 −1 (5) =
 Question
1
3 −1
1 𝑚
25. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3; 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5 then(𝑓𝑜𝑔) (8) = then 𝑘 + 𝑚 =
𝑘
Thank You