Modern Control Systems Question Bank

UNIT-I

1. Obtain the state model of the system whose state diagram of a linear system
is given below.

2. Obtain the two different state models for the system whose transfer function
is
( ) ( )
=
( ) ( )( )

3. Obtain the three different models for the system whose transfer function is
( )
=
( )

4. Determine the canonical state model of the system, whose transfer function
( )
is T(s) = .
( )( )( )

5. Obtain the state space representation of the system whose differential

equation is given by
⃛+2 ̈ +3 ̇ +6 = ̈ − ̇ +2
Also draw the SFG for the system.

6. Diagonalize the following system

1 1 −1 1
̇X = 2 0 1 x + 1 u
−1 2 1 0

Y = [1 0 0] x
 0 1
7. Find eAt for A= using caylay-hamilton technique.
−4 −4

8. Explain the Gilbert’s method of testing controllability.

9. Explain the kalman’s method of testing observability.

10. Comment on the complete state observability of the following system using
(i) kalman’s test (ii) Gilbert’s test

0 1 0
̇ = 0 0 1 X Y= [1 −1 1]X
−6 −11 −6

11. Comment on the complete state controllability of the following system using
(i) kalman’s test (ii) Gilbert’s test

1 0 2 1
̇ = 0 2 1 X+ −1
0 0 3 1

−2 0
12. Compute eAt for matrix A = by using power series method.
1 −1

13. A linear time invariant system is described by the following state model
ẋ 0 1 0 0
ẋ = 0 0 1 x + 0 u and Y = [1 0 0]x
ẋ −6 −11 −6 2

Transform this state model into a canonical state model. Also compute the
state transition matrix, eAt.

UNIT-2

1. Consider a linear system describing by the transfer function

( )
( )
= ( )( )
Design a feedback controller with a state feedback so that the closed
loop poles are placed at -2, -1±j1.
 2. What is state observer and full-order state observer? Explain in detail.

3. Explain any one method to determine the state feedback gain matrix K.

4. Explain the necessary and sufficient condition for arbitrary pole

placement.

5. Design a full-order state observer for the following system described by

−1 1
the state model ẋ = Ax, where A= , C = [1 0]. The desired
1 −2
eigenvalues for the observer matrix are = −5 and = −5.

6. Explain the pole placement by state feedback.

7. Explain the separation principle in detail.

8. Derive the transfer function of the observer based controller.

9. A system is described by
0 1 0 0
̇= 0 0 1 x+ 0 u
−1 −5 −6 1
Using state feedback control u= -kx, it is desired to have closed loop
poles are at (-1± 2) and − 10. Find the state feedback matrix using
Ackermann’s formula.

10. Examine Controllability and Observability for the System given by,
−2 0 1
A= ; B= ; C = [ 0 1]
−1 −1 1

UNIT-3
1. Explain the limit cycle phenomenon in nonlinear control systems.
2. Derive the describing function of dead-zone nonlinearity.
3. Explain common physical nonlinearities.
4. Explain isocline method for construction of phase trajectories.
5. Explain delta method for construction of phase trajectories.
6. Derive the describing function of dead-zone and saturation
nonlinearity.
7. Explain singular points in nonlinear control systems.
8. What is jump resonance? Explain in detail.
9. Explain Lyapunov’s Stability Criterion.

UNIT-4

1. Derive the pulse transfer function of digital controller.

2. Explain spectrum analysis of sampling process and signal

reconstruction.

3. Determine the z- transform of the following discrete sequences.

(i) f(k) = u(k) (ii) f(k) = (1/2)ku(k)

4. Determine the inverse z-transform of the following z-domain

functions.
.
(i) F(z) = (ii) F(z) =

5. Determine the stability by using Jury’s stability analysis of the

system whose characteristic equation is
P(z) = − 0.2 − 0.25 + 0.05

6. Determine the stability by using bilinear transformation of the

system whose characteristic equation is
P(z) = 5 − 2 + 2 = 0

7. Derive the pulse transfer function of the closed loop sampled data
control system.
 UNIT-5

1. Explain any two optimal control problems by state variable

approach.

2. The block dia. as shown in fig. Consider G(s) = 100/ and R(s)
= 1/s. Determine the optimal value of parameter K such that
J= ∫ ( ) is minimum

3. Consider the linear plant of a system characterized by transfer

function
G(s) = 100/
Obtain the optimal transfer function of the system is to make the
output c(t) follow a unit step input r(t) minimizing
J = ∫ {(r(t) − c(t)) + 0.25u (t)}dt
Where u(t) is the actuating signal of the plant.

4. Determine the optimum damping coefficient which minimizes

the following performance index J= ∫ ( ) . Where E is the
error. The initial conditions are (0) = 2, ̇ (0) = 0, where is
the output.
 Important topics of modern control system
UNIT I: STATE SPACE ANALYSIS

The Concept of State and State Models, State Diagram, State Space and State Trajectory, State Space

Representation using Phase Variable and Canonical Variables, Solution of State Equation, State

Transition Matrix and its Properties, Eigen Values, Eigen Vectors, Model Matrix, Diagolization,

Generalized Eigen vectors, Computation of State Transition Matrix using Laplace Transformation,

Power Series Method, Cayley-Hamilton Method, Similarity Transformation Method. Controllability

and Observability Tests: Kalman's test, Gilbert's Test, Controllability and Observability Canonical

Forms.

UNIT II: POLE PLACEMENT TECHNIQUES

Controller Design by State Feedback, Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Arbitrary Pole

Placement-State Regulator Problem and State Regulator Design, Evaluation of State Feedback Gain

Matrix K, Selection of Location of Desired Closed Loop Poles, State Observer Design, Full

Order/Reduced Order Observer Design, Observer Based State Feedback Control, Separation

Principle.

UNIT III: NONLINEAR CONTROL SYSTEM

Introduction, Properties of Nonlinear System, Behavior of Non-Linear System, Classification of

Nonlinearities, Common Physical Nonlinearities: Saturation, Friction, Backlash, Dead-Zone, Relay,

On-Off Nonlinearity, Nonlinear Spring, Limit cycle, Jump resonance. Phase-Plane Method, Singular

points, Stability of Nonlinear System, Construction of Phase Trajectories, Describing Functions

Method, Stability Analysis by Describing Function Method. Lyapunov’s Stability Analysis, Lyapunov’s

Stability Criterion, Direct Method of Lyapunov and the Linear Systems, Method of Construction of

Lyapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems.

 UNIT IV: OPTIMAL CONTROL

Introduction to Optimal Control, Parameter Optimization: Servomechanism, Optimal Control

Problem: Transfer Function and State Variable Approach, State Regulator Problem, Infinite Time

Regulator Problem, Output Regulator and the Tracking Problem, Parameter Optimization:

Regulators.

UNIT V: DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

Introduction to Discrete Time Systems, Necessary for Digital Control System, Spectrum Analysis of

Sampling Process, Signal Reconstruction, Difference Equations, Z transforms, and the Inverse Z

transform, Pulse Transfer Function, Time Response of Sampled Data Systems, Stability using Jury

Criterion, Bilinear Transformation.

REFERENCES books:

1) Katsuhiko Ogata, Modern Control Engineering Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi.

2) I. J. Nagarath and M. Gopal, Control system Engineering, New Age International (P) Ltd.

3) Katsuhiko Ogata, State Space Analysis of Control Systems, Prentice Hall Inc, New Jersey.

4) Benjamin C. Kuo and Farid Golnaraghi, Automatic Control Systems, 8th Edition, John Wiley &

Sons.

5) H. Khalil, Nonlinear Control systems, Prentice Hall Inc, New Jersey.

6) Brogan W. L., Modern Control theory, Prentice Hall International, New Jersey.

7) Jean-Jacques E, Slotine, Weiping Li, Applied Nonlinear Control, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey.

8) Donald Kirk, Optimal Control Theory, an Introduction, Prentice Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs, New

Jersey.

9) Brain D., Anderson and J. B. Moore, Optimal Control, Prentice Hall.

10) Andrew P., Sage, Optimum Systems Control, Prentice Hall.

11) M. Gopal , Digital Control & State Variable Methods, TMH.

12) A. Nagoor Kani, Control System, RBA Publications.