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EIA Study Guide

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process in India, highlighting its definition, importance, and historical context. It outlines the legal framework, major environmental laws, EIA notifications, and the procedural cycle involved in conducting an EIA. Key takeaways emphasize the need to understand the legal framework, major laws, and the EIA cycle for effective environmental management.

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11 views2 pages

EIA Study Guide

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process in India, highlighting its definition, importance, and historical context. It outlines the legal framework, major environmental laws, EIA notifications, and the procedural cycle involved in conducting an EIA. Key takeaways emphasize the need to understand the legal framework, major laws, and the EIA cycle for effective environmental management.

Uploaded by

ropapak439
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Study Guide: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in India

1. INTRODUCTION TO EIA
- Definition: EIA is a structured process to predict environmental consequences of proposed projects
before decisions are made.
- Importance: Ensures sustainable development, prevents environmental damage, supports legal
compliance.
- History in India: Initiated after the 1972 Stockholm Conference; first EIA in 1977 (river valley
projects); formal EIA Notification in 1994; updated in 2006.
- Legal Framework: Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 forms the basis; EIA Notifications under this
act govern the process.

2. MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN INDIA


- Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
- Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
- Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
- Forest Conservation Act, 1980
- Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
- Biological Diversity Act, 2002
Each of these laws interacts with the EIA process to ensure projects meet environmental
safeguards.

3. EIA NOTIFICATIONS
- The 2006 EIA Notification divides projects into Category A and Category B.
- Category A projects are appraised by the central authority (MoEFCC), Category B by SEIAA.
- Key steps: Screening, Scoping, Public Consultation, Appraisal.
- Numerous amendments have refined exemptions, timelines, and compliance requirements.

4. EIA CYCLE & PROCEDURE


Steps include:
1. Screening - Determine need for EIA.
2. Scoping - Identify key environmental issues.
3. Baseline Data Collection - Measure existing environmental status.
4. Impact Prediction - Anticipate project impacts.
5. Mitigation Measures - Propose ways to reduce adverse effects.
6. EMP Preparation - Draft Environmental Management Plan.
7. Public Hearing - Gather community feedback.
8. Submission & Appraisal - Review by expert committees.
9. Decision Making - Approval or rejection.
10. Post-Approval Monitoring - Ensure compliance during operation.

5. EIA REPORTING & EMP PREPARATION


- EIA Report: Baseline data, predicted impacts, mitigation strategies, risk assessment, and
monitoring plan.
- EMP: Specifies action items, budget allocation, responsible agencies, and schedules.

6. CASE STUDY
Example: Stone mining project in Jharkhand.
- Identify biodiversity risks.
- Assess water pollution potential.
- Prepare mitigation strategies and EMP.

7. KEY TAKEAWAYS
- Understand legal framework and procedures.
- Be familiar with major environmental laws.
- Know the EIA cycle thoroughly.

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