General Biology
Chapter 8: Cellular Reproduction
S. Benseman
1. Compare the types of cell division in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cell division vs Eukaryotic cell division is very different. Prokaryotic cells
replicate DNA while Eukaryotic cells Duplicate it. For a Prokaryotic cell it’ll replicate the
cell, then the cell wall and the plasma membrane will separate, cross walls will form and
then they’ll officially separate. While in Eukaryotic cells will duplicate and then they’ll
align at the metaphase plate, and then they will finally separate.
2. Define the following terms:
a. Sister chromatids: Are duplicated chromosomes that have the same alleles for
each gene.
b. Homologous Chromosomes: Are chromosomes that have matching pairs and
have different versions of the same genes.
3. Draw AND describe below what happens in each phase of the cell cycle.
Interphase Interphase 1 Interphase
A cell will double everything
in the cytoplasm and then
it’ll grow in size.
Mitosis Meiosis 1 Meiosis 2
1. Prophase Prophase 1 Prophase 2
Where the cells will start to Homologous
divide from a single cell into chromosomes will pair up
two identical daughter cells. and exchange genetic
materials and then
condense themselves. The cells will be
condensed again
2. Metaphase Metaphase 1 Metaphase 2
The duplicated cells will line The homologous
up in the center of the cell chromosome pairs will
before they split line up in the middle
The chromosome has two
sister chromatids and line
up.
3. Anaphase Anaphase 1 Anaphase 2
Homologous
chromosomes separate
and then pulled towards
opposite sides.
The sister chromatids The sister chromatids
separate and are pulled separate and are pulled in
towards opposite sides of opposite directions.
the cell.
4. Telophase Telophase 1 Telophase 2
Its the last stage where the When they get to the
Sit on opposite sides and
cells that are divided in two opposite sides they are
then nuclear envelopes are
produce two identical then reformed from
formed around them and
daughter cells. nuclear envelopes around
then split into four haploid
the chromosomes and
daughter cells
then divide into two
haploid daughter cells.
5. Cytokinesis Cytokinesis Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm divides and has
two daughter cells. Divided into two haploid
daughters
Divided into four haploid
daughter cells.
4. How many sets of chromosomes do each of the following types of cells have?
a. Diploid cell: 46
b. Haploid Cell: 23
c. Polyploid cell: 2+ sets of 23
d. Gametes: 23
5. Complete the table below.
Mitosis Meiosis
# of 2 4
daughter
cells
produced
Daughter Same as parent cell Different than parent cell
cells same
as, or
different
from parent
cell?
Which cells Eukaryotic Eukaryotic
carry out the
process?
Are the Haploid Haploid
daughter
cells diploid
or haploid?
6. Explain how independent assortment of chromosomes, crossing over, and random
fertilization contribute to genetic diversity in offspring during meiosis.
In Meiosis it’ll start with the chromosomes will swap and mix up genes (crossing over).
Then it will go on to the next step of Meiosis where the cells will line up and each cell will
become different (Independent assortment) . And to end it any sperm can join with any
egg that it comes in contact with (Random Fertilization). So with this it will create
different offsprings with different genetic traits.
