Sheet kesSt
ana RS
i ImA that are nominally uniform
thin
resistanu Of B
Mathunati Cally t o
ratto
in thic kneSS
Sheet
Sheet
resistiits of ma trial to thickrness of matrial
mor Pronound w ith
tesis tanu 1A
Sheet resiatanu 1
Scaling Jhu Orera tianhistor | devi
Par of
abbec orerall
resistanto which
Power of desiqn
timing and
-W
Sheet reAibtanu modal
A
between a DppoAia faces
Conhider resistanu RAB
area
a
Cross Sectiorn
RAG PL A s unifomM
b
beetweenfaCes
tweenfates of a unifom
iS hngth iSP,
where
matcrialwhose rekis tivry
Conducting
Slab Of
and thicknes s t
width
RAB P.L
E
Of Square shape
s of Square Shape
resiktive material
I6 L ie
i,e
then P. Rs
RAB
LE
of a
dr eu
a Square.
of Square
independunt
Ks s Comple tly has
matrial
Srde Square
Atab of
for e H per
Icm per Stc quare i
a
Same resistane
eAactl hey hare sami thickness
Jhe ac ual values r assocra ttd with layers Un
a Mos CirCuit dupend bn the thickness Oflayer
and resistiviy ofs material
22904
RS Ohm per square
5Hm brbit 2Hm or blt tum
Metal 0 03
10>50 20>45 204Ss
iffus om u d
St licde 2
1 5 30 1530
I51b0
Poystlico
2X 10 2x 1ot
ntranÁistor
Channel
P tron stor 9o A
PA LD
Chonel
201
C99uNi 9d
Orbi 2um
Mupical Sheet egistanu .
5m
and 2 pm
22
comes Smaller, Ks Con tributi on
be
AS line wid th Currtny availabl
inCreases. NEh
N h
to RC delay from S- lo
ranqtng
Sheet r e s i s tan
PotystliCon adrantage s
S Oppartnt that Som of
it
offset n ter Connect reS ' s t a n u a t
Could
Scaling low Sheet
resiStanu
qate level htre-fore by
StltCdesi,which are forned by dupositing
thninkrinq
neta C)Polys?l'con Ond
hare been inreltiqated as intertonn ectung
medium
uel 2 P
Copacitanle
SAondard unit of i
Capacitan (
tan dard
unit Of
Jhe
channe Mo
MOS
9alto
Capacitanú of Tt1 dinotd
de find a dimunion
traniAtor
havin q1 k t
havin g
b q y MOS protesS
may be
evalua led for on
for 5 um 25uM
5 Hmx SuM
Anta Standard Cquare
Cana ci t a n u 4I0pf
2
or 4u
2um 2um
S tand ard quare
Area
&*1D P m
Capacitane
&X Io O 603 2PE
4 um
Vou rO PEx 0 /m 2
2Mm 2 um
Copacitonu Su Tupi
-Cal
&atu to
Chan nu 4
3 7S
itusi 0n
Capaci
Poty silito to b6 o6 tant
ubihrau o4
ual) to urkhe 0 3 O33 O 33 valuu)
Mita2 bSubsthat O2 D
fvr
O17
Mut2 t mtd) O S Mo
uel 2 Ps O 2 0 2 O 2
rjhe dilay unit (n
h Atandasd gat aa beung
Capacitanu beung
Char Qed through Onu fatur Aiz re AtAtante RA
thun clulay untt IR (n channel)xI D4
Vop
nd
or 5 H
ld x OolPF 0'lSec.
0 0 6 4 4 n Sec
For 2um T: 2x 10 io 0032 PF
tumi tkd
Svery ctose to traMi t
Delay unit
d 25 Hm VSeC to n sec Cm
HoVds 6s0Cm x 3
O13 nse C
inverter duloy
nMOS irer ter In ordur to achiere
Conkider 4:l1atio
rotio) Kpu will be 44 Fpd
1 Zpu lo Zpd
KN
Kpu 4 R 4-0
Calodid tnver tera,
Conhidur a pai of
b we totl be Cortanl
Over par
thn dulot
-
5T-
Td Zpu 4-:
2d
CM OS inverters th nMos ratio
lhi Consdering
T-
rul no
no lonqu applis
2 - 5T- 25Kn
Rpu
IOK , 20c
Rpd 2 pca
Naura asummetry o usually equal size Pullup p trais tors
ana
and type pul) doun tonAistor enist Jhe ay mmey
of reAstan Vatues Can be eltminad bynCreakn
width fPderia C.hannel a f a c t o r of 2 o 3,
A more jormal eltimation Of CmoS inverter dlay
A omotnverttr m qinuraeither chorq
or
drichargs
lood o n d thurt by rietunt. and hall
a Canactve
not zuo and estimatuo thut paiamiluy
timL a
tollowA
Rise Hm £stimatiom
in satura tion
uS asSume that P devia Stays
Charqing period of Coad Capaci tor CL
or
tor entire
modeled as
Jhe Circuit may be
to be
asSumed
AS Prs
Saturation
ase ApLvas Ivepl J
-
dsp
Yin: Ygs
2 ve
Vout Current
charge a n d
Jhis
inte its maqnitude is appro1imaely
RISe tfme model. Comstant
Vout Td Sp t
2 C
Vout p Vgs-Vepl3E
2 CL
t 2 CL Vout
p CVgs-IVe e
t Tr wnen Vout: Voo
2 VpD C ib Vtp 0:2 VpDD
T
ApC YpD -IVeplJ
VpD C 3 CL
s p lo s VpD ApYppD
Tall time EStimation:
Similary to discharqe of CL through n-tramiktdr
the Circuit model iS qiven
iven a
ds
C Vout
Vin
Tdsn t
Vout
CL
Tdsn p 2
Cvas Vo)
CLVout 3CL
Idsn n VoD
Caecitive loads
rtvin Lar
large Capacitive
driving Comporátivey
Jhe proble of
must be Propoa ted
Loads a r SeS when SignalS
chip to off Chp Generally off chup
rom on
than
may be SeveralJ Or ders higher
Capacitances
on chup LCq vaues
CL iS Offchip
For e C lo
Canacitan
Ca sCaded inver ttrAas drivers
intended to drive Carge Canacive
In verters
Present low pullup and pull down
loads must
esrStane
resiStan le values for Zpd and Zpu imply
Low tmply
LDw L:h ratios In o ther wordS, channe ls must be
Low
widi to reduu rekistan , ,in Conhequen
made very
meet this conditt on ocCupres a lar qe
ioverter to
area
Large
Lil ratto and sun
Sunu ngth
ungh
BeCause of
Low
fcature S i u the
reduud be
Can't be
region be Come s Arqnit Cont
and a
Larq
larqu
qat which in turn
rS presented at input,
Capaci tanu
a
Slows dow rat Of Chanq of voltageL
tnput
to abore Problem S to
1S to
The remedy
whrch is
Casladed invertrS, each on of
Use
Ataq by width factor f
larqer than preading a
I:f CL
Super BufferS
Jhe aSymme try of Conren tonal inverter SS
clearly undeSt ra ble and 9tres Se to
Signifiant
when inye tter S used to
delay ProblemS an
drire more Aiqni fitant CanaciEtve loads.
Vop In verting tpe Super
buffer S as
Show
T
in ique
Vou
alhen Vin 0 , i S
Vin on and 2, 4 a
obb and TiS ri Se
utckly to Vpp and Vout is VoD.
Vin VoD, , Ta, Ty are on and
lhun
Cund Vout isend)0 .
obb
Vio T2 13 T4 Vout
H
L ON OFF O OFF
ON OFP ON
H ON
Non-inrerting ype Super buffer
VoD
Vout
Vin T
Ty
Scaltng of Mos Cirtuits
Scalinq modlh Jhe mosE Lommony used medek
are Constannt electric fetd Scaling mod
Contant Voltaq Ataling modl
Combined Voltaq and dtmeion caling
modl
Scaingfactors in Ordur to acco modali th
the abore
3 modus &Scaling tactors ar used-k , V3
modl
I Combined Vot tagu
Vol tag and dinension Acaling
Acalinq
for Sappy
S choSen os S calng actor
oidu thick ness and
D and
ge VpD and 9ali
linnar
dimen Aion
other
o is used for ol)
a y
euctnic fred Sealing modul
Constant
t
voltaq Scalung mudu l
Constant
or devi Parameters
Scaltng
Scaling Sactors
Gat Area Aq
Ag: L
W and hlidth tchanne) rekpe ctivel
L, au
dunqth dimensios thut ah
As Both are
Staud by
Ag i staud by Ya
unit Area : Con
Gatu Canaci t a n u per
Co CA Eo A
A A
AS 1s Scaud by VA
Co YIp
Co is Scaud by
anu ' Cq
Gai Canaci t
Co Cor Co A Co.L hN
C
C
Acalud by
bu
A
ACalud, by
and n l ahL Atalud
AS Co
Co
V
C Ccalud by Al
Parasitic Capacitanu G
Ca o A
where
re An is area of dyulutiom requon
A d wrdth of oluputiorv
Ored t Scaud by /a and width 1%
Ataud by &
C i Acalud by Ye
Saturation Currtnt
Co C vge. Ve
Y p) P
L dealud b4
an calud by
,
Staud by ,
be cau Se Co
gsVe a
Coud by Vs
S
Scaud by Yp
Tdss
Carrent dunsi y
J: Tass aua iA
A ond
staud
As Tdss i
As
Acolud by a
Scalud by l p
per
hatt tq
Switching Enerq
Cq VpD ACcaud by
and Vpp i
i Ataud by la
Cq by
healud
Eg i
YpE
Carrler dikity in channd m
Co is
SCalud by /
be cause
Qon: Co Vgs and Vgs il Scald by
Ron i Ccaud by
Channul RestAtanu Ron
Kon
W An and
channul
in channu
mobilityr
m obilit fn
His
Carrier
Widln a c atalud by
whert
unqth, lud by )
iA
a ssumud Lostrant
n
S
Kon
bLalud by
Kom ib
ati dula T
by
is
Scaud by l) Cq tAScalud
Ta Ron Ron
Ta 1 Al
Td i s s
talud b4 Ala
requun fo
Maimum eperaung
HCo
he
f o is -Acaud by
ower DiAsi pation Per a t
and Ron 1A
V po Ac Scalud by A
A taud by'
Ps
Pgd Eq fo nd fo bby s
Acalud by and
As As Eq 1
gd 2 Y 2
both are
Atalud by V
AS
Pg16hcalud by
Pa unni
itt arta
u
disSipatiom per
ower
Pa
Scaud by
Scalud bt
and Agi
scaud bby Vp
As Pq i
Po
Acad by l p
Pa 1
Power Speed Product P
Pq Td A
T
Pai Acalud bs Vp ond
1Acalud b4 la
Pr 1A calud bby
Paramutus Combinud V¢D Conktant Euctricfreld Cors tant ha ltaqe
ACalung moclu Acaltng modul - calng modu
VDD Suppu Vo ttaq
Channul ungth
Channu hlidth
Gau oid thickr Ya
Ag Aati orto
Co hau Conaci tanuper
unit r t a
Gal Cara citanu V Va
C Panaitic
Capacitanu
on Carier durbitr
Ron Channd
re sistan
dgs Saturotion
Curent
Current dimity
4 Switthndray
Power oli SS ipattom Ys V
Per qai
Power dissi potton
Power
Per i t
unit o
Orea
Gau oulayr
Maa ore fo Va
TqunlytD
Speed Power
Produ ct Ya3
Scalinoq Ef tec didftrent scaun mocus
