SOCIAL SCIENCES: HISTORY

GRADE 4
TOPIC: TRANSPORT THROUGH TIME

NAME:

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TERM 3: Vocabulary

Terminology Definition
A system or means of carrying people and goods from one
transport place to another place
An open vehicle that has two wheels and is pulled by
cart animals

goods The things people buy and sell

environment The world around us, including nature and buildings

fuel Something that is used to make energy or heat

coach A vehicle with four wheels that is pulled by horses

exhaust fume Smoke or gas that comes out of tailpipes of cars

A covered vehicle with four wheels that is used to
wagon transport goods and people

tame animal A domesticated animal

transportation Moving people or things from one place to another place

air pollution Making the air dirty

The increase in the temperature of the Earth’s
global warming atmosphere

elephant trunk Long nose of an elephant

hump A big bump on a camel’s back

harbour Landing area for ships at the coast

A flat structure of logs used as boat that move with the
raft flow of the river

steam A hot air which provides lots of energy

canoe A narrow wooden boat moved by poles or paddles

Large piece of cloth that blows in the wind and moves
sail objects

pirates Robbers who steal ships and things on them

invention A thing that somebody has made for the first time

cargo Goods that are carried on ships

reed A boat made from tied reeds

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paddles The objects people use to move something

glider An aeroplane that does not use an engine to fly

hydrogen A highly flammable gas

The bag containing the hot air in hot air balloon and
envelope airship

runway A road at an airport where planes land and take off

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 Content: Transport through time

ACTIVITY 1: How transport has changed people’s lives over time on land, water

and in the air

1. Oral and written assessment:

Discussion on:

1.1 Definition of transport

1.2 The transport mode you use to come to school?

1.3 Mention other kinds of transport that you know.

1.4 How transport has changed people’s lives over time on land, water and in the air?

Written work:

1.5 Complete the table by writing the type of transport you mentioned in 1.3 and 1.4

and others in the suitable column.

Transport on land Transport on water Transport in the air

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.
(12)

Content: Transport on land

ACTIVITY 2.1: Animals

2.1.1 Name at least three animals that are used as transport. (3)

2.1.2 Name three jobs that animal can do for people. (3)

2.1.3 Which animal can be used in the desert? State a reason. (2)

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2.1.4 Where do camels get their energy from? (1)

2.1.5 Which animal use its trunk to lift heavy loads? (1)

(10)

ACTIVITY 2.2: Carts, wagons and coaches

2.2.1 Use the pictures to complete the table on different kinds of transport. (9)

1. 2.

3.

Type of vehicle Animals used to pull Number of wheels

the vehicle

1.

2.

3.

2.2.2 In what way do you think the wheels have changed transport on land? (2)

(11)

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ACTIVITY 3.1: The bicycle and the motor car

SOURCE A

Bicycles have been around for a very long time and did not always look like they do
today. The first bicycle was invented about 200 years ago. It was made of wood and
it did not have pedals. To move forward you had to push your feet against the ground
and riders wore out their boots very quickly.

Different types of bicycles were invented and the other bicycle was called the safety
bicycle. Th safety bicycle was much safer than the previous inventions. It looked
more than the bicycles we know today. It had rubber tyres and brakes. The back
wheel was moved by a chain while the rider pedalled. The rider could steer the front
wheel by moving the handlebars.

The first motorcars were invented in the 1880s. they were designed as carriages with
horses missing. Two important inventors were Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz, who
lived in Germany. Today, Mercedes Benz motorcars are still made in the Daimler-
Benz factories in Germany.

Source: www.sahistory .org.za

1. 2.

3. 4.

3.1. Study source A and the above pictures and answer the questions.

3.1.1 Which two pictures depicts oldest forms of land transport? (2)

3.1.2 How many wheels do bicycles have? (1)

3.1.3 Name the two things on safety bicycles that were not part of earlier kinds

of bicycle. (2)

3.1.4 Name two things that bicycles are used for. (2)

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3.1.5 Explain in your own words how did the rider of the first bicycle move the bicycle

forward. (1)

3.1.6 How was the first motorcar designed? (1)

3.1.7 How is the first motorcar different from the modern motorcars? (1)

3.1.8 How is the car different from the bicycle? (1)

3.1.9 Mention one similarity in the modern motorcar and modern bicycle. (1)

3.1.10 Explain how the two kinds of transport (bicycle and car) have changed the
lives of people. (2)

(14)
ACTIVITY 3.2: The steam engine and the train

SOURCE B

An engine is a machine that makes things move or work. Engines need fuel to work.
Fuel can be petrol, wood or coal. The first vehicles used steam engines to make them
move. Steam engines use coal fire to heat water which makes steam. The steam that
forms then uses energy to make the engine work. The first steam engine was used to
pump water out of mines. The steam engine was a very important invention.

Source: Social Sciences: Millennium series Grade4

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SOURCE C

The first successful kind of steam transport was the steam train called the Rocket was
built by George Stevenson in 1829. The Rocket was the beginning of the railway
transport.
People used trains to transport goods across the land and also to get to work.

Source: Social Sciences: Millennium series Grade 4

3.2 Study Source B and Source C and answer the questions:

3.2.1 What kind of fuel is used in steam engine and steam train? (1)

3.2.2 Explain how the steam is formed. (1)

3.2.3 What was the first steam engine used for? (1)

3.2.4 The steam train was used to transport and (2)

State whether the statement is true or false

3.2.5 The steam train is very fast. (1)

3.2.6 What do we call the fastest train in South Africa that operates between

Johannesburg and Pretoria? (1)

(7)

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Activity 4.1: Common forms of transport and goods on land today

Picture 1 Picture 2

Picture 3 Picture 4

4.1 Look at the different types of transport and complete the table. (8)

Picture Name of transport Used mostly for people or

mostly for goods

1.

2.

3.

4.

(8)

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 Content: Environmental damage

ACTIVITY 4.2: Exhaust fumes in a big city

SOURCE D

Case study: The impact of exhaust fumes on the environment

Air pollution

The ways in which we travel have changed a lot over the last few centuries.
Transport has become faster, easier and sometimes cheaper. But the
developments in technology have not always been good for the
environment.

Cars are bad for the environment. The exhaust fumes that come from cars
contain poisonous gases and pollute the air. The most dangerous gas that
comes from cars (and planes) is carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a
greenhouse gas. All of the pollution, particularly the greenhouse gases, that
is being released into the air is resulting in ‘Global Warming’.
People living in the cities have to breathe in these exhaust fumes every
day, and this can damage their lungs and become sick more easily. In other
big cities, the environment is badly polluted by exhaust fumes that people
have to wear masks.

Source: www.sahistory.org.za

4.2 Use Source D, your knowledge and the vocabulary list to answer the questions:

4.2.1 Define the term, air pollution. (1)

4.2.2 What pollutes the air according to the source? (1)

4.2.3 The most dangerous gas that comes from cars is called

which is a gas that is released into the air and

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 resulting in (3)

4.2.4 What is Global Warming? (1)

4.2.5 How does air pollution affect the environment and people? (2)

4.2.6 What do people in big cities do to prevent inhaling the exhaust fumes? (1)

4.2.7 Write a paragraph of four to five sentences about air pollution from exhaust

fumes. (4)

(13)

Content: Transport on water

ACTIVITY 5a: Rafts, canoes and reeds boats

1. 2.

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 3.

5.1 Study the pictures and write the names of the boats: (3)

5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3

5.2 Use the pictures to help you describe how each boat move. (3)

5.2.1 Picture 1:

5.2.2 Picture 2:

5.2.3 Picture 3:

5.3 What were these boats used for? (1)

(7)

Activity 5b: The first sailing ships

1. 2.

5.4 Answer the following questions:

5.4.1 Why are these ships called the sailing ships? (1)

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5.4.2 What kind of power do they use to move? (1)

5.4.3 What is the name of ship number 2? (1)

ACTIVITY 6: The first steamships and the modern forms of water transport

6.1 Match column A and column B. write answers in answers column. (6)

Column A Column B Answer Column

6.1.1 Steamship Special ships that transport oil

6.1.2 Harbour People use them for fun

6.1.3 Oil tankers It uses steam to move

6.1.4 Cargo It is used for holiday cruises

6..1.5 Cruise liner A special landing area for ships at

the coast

6.1.6 Jet skis and Wind Goods that are carried on ship
surfing

(9)

Content: Transport in the air

ACTIVITY 7: Write brothers and the invention of the first aeroplane

7.1 Use the words listed below to fill in the spaces. (4)

Wind; birds; wings; flying machine.

The Wright brothers were very interested in flying. They spent a lot of time watching
the way used the wind in flight. They saw that birds change
the shape of their to turn when they fly. They realised that their

must do the same. To be able to fly, they knew they had

to be in a place that had a lot of .

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SOURCE E

The extract about the Wright brothers.

The Wright brothers and the invention of the first aeroplane

The Wright brothers, Wilbur and Orville were two Americans who had tried
to make an aeroplane for years. In 1903 they designed and built a small
aeroplane called Flyer, which had a light but powerful engine. They worked
hard to make the aeroplane fly. This was the first aeroplane that could lift
a person into the air and fly by its own power, flew naturally at an even
speed, and descended without damage.

Source: www.sahistory.org.za

7.2 Read the source and answer the questions.

7.2.1 How were Wilbur and Orville related to each other? (1)

7.2.2 When was their first aeroplane invented? (1)

7.2.3 What was the name of the wright brothers’ first plane? (1)

7.2.4 A person who operates the flying controls of an aircraft is called …

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 (1)

7.2.5 State whether the statement is true or false. Correct the statement if false. (2)

The Wright brothers were the South Africans.

(10)

ACTIVITY 8a: Balloons, airships and modern forms of air transport

Hot air balloon Airship

Helicopter The Airbus A380

8.1 Study the pictures and compare balloons and airships by listing the differences in

a table. (8)

Characteristics Hot air balloons Airships

8.1.1 Describe the shape

of the balloon

8.1.2 How did it stay in the

sky?

8.1.3 How was it moved

and steered?

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 8.1.4 Where did the
passengers sit?

8.2 Choose the correct option:

8.2.1 They are used as ambulances…

A Jet planes C Hot air balloons

B Helicopters D Wright brothers

8.2.2 It is a double decker (two floors) plane…

A Airbus A380 C Propeller

B Flyer D Ferries

8.2.3 Mark Shuttleworth used it to travel into space in 2002…

A The Boeing 747 C Airship

B Engen D A space shuttle

8.2.4 It is a Super fast plane…

A Concorde C Ocean liner

B Runway D Gautrain

(4)

ACTIVITY 8b: Paragraph writing

8.3 Use the information from the sources, and your own knowledge to write a

paragraph of four to five sentences, in your words about how transport has

changed people’s lives over time. (4)

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 (12)

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