Data Communication & Networks - Short Summary
1. Data Communication
Exchange of data between devices using a transmission medium.
2. Components
Sender, Receiver, Message, Medium, Protocol.
3. Transmission Modes
Simplex (one way), Half-Duplex (both ways, one at a time), Full-Duplex (both ways simultaneously).
4. Transmission Types
Serial (one bit at a time), Parallel (multiple bits at a time).
5. Transmission Media
Guided (Twisted pair, Coaxial, Fiber optic), Unguided (Radio waves, Microwaves).
6. Network Types
LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), PAN (Personal
Area Network).
7. Network Topologies
Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, Tree.
8. Network Devices
Router, Switch, Hub, Modem, Access Point.
9. Protocols
Data Communication & Networks - Short Summary
TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS.
10. IP Addressing
IPv4 (32-bit), IPv6 (128-bit), Subnetting.
11. Error Detection
Parity, Checksum, CRC.
12. OSI Model
7 layers - Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
13. Security
Firewall, Encryption, VPN.
14. Wireless Networks
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Cellular (3G, 4G, 5G).