4.

d &fblock elements
Select the correct option from the given choices:
1.Copper is a d-block element because
a)lt contains partially filled d-orbital in its ground state
b)lt contains partially filled d-orbital in its stable oxidation state
c) It contains partially filled d-orbital both in its ground state & stable oxidation state
d)it doesn't contains partially filled d-orbital in its ground state
2.ldentify the set of paramagnetic ions among the following
a) Ti, Cu, Mn b) Sc, TP, VÝ* c) V, Co, Zn d) Ni, Cu', Zn2
3. What will be the value of xin Fe" if value is magnetic moment is 24 BM?
a) +1 b) +2 c) +3 d) +6
4. All Cu(l0) halides are known except lodides, the reason is
a) Cu² has much more negative hydration enthalpy b) lodide is bulky ion
c)Cu has low size. d) Cu' oxidises I into I,
5. The electron configuration of element with Z= 24 is
a) 3d4s b) 3d4s c) 3d°4s! d) none
6. The element showing oxidation state +7 is
a) Cr b) Mn c) Co d) V
7. Cul ion is colouress whie Cu² ion is coloured because
a) cuprous ion has incomplete d-orbital and cupric ion has a complete d-orbital
b) both have half filled p and d-orbitals
c) cuprousion has a compete d-orbital andcupric ion has an incomplete d- orbital
d) both have unpairedelectrons in the d-orbitals
8. Which of the following ions are coloured?
a) Cu' b) Zn'* c) Tit d) y3+
9. Which of the following ion has least magnetic moment?
a) Cu2+ b) Ni?* c) Co* d) Fe?*
10. The lanthanoid contraction is responsibe for the fact that
a) Zr and Zn have the same oxidation state
b)Zr and Hfhave about the same radius
c) Zr and Nb have similar oxidation state
d) Zr and Yhave the same radius
11.Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is wellknown to exhibit +4 oxidation
state.

a) Ce b)Pr c)Lu d)Lu

12. The gas liberated when Lanthanoids react with acids is
a) H, b) CO, ) CH, d) N,
43
13.Cu' ion is not stable in aqueous solutions, due to
a) It has high hydration enthalpy b) It has low hydration enthalpy
c) Small size d) None of the above
14. Bronze is a alloy of
a) Manganese-zinc b) Copper-tin c) Copper - nickel d) Scandium - Titanium
15. The 'spin only' magnetic moment of M²(aq) ion (Z =27).
a) 4.87 b) 5 c) 3.87 d)6
16. Alloys are readily formed by transition metals because of
a) Variable oxidation state b) They form complex compounds
c) similar radii d) Form transition elements
17. The EM+/M value for copper is positive (+ 0.34V). What is possible reason for this?
a) Copper has a high value of atomization enthalpy and low hydration enthalpy.
b) Copper has small size
c) Because of Lanthanoid contraction
d) Because of variable oxidation state
18. Transition elements exhibit higher enthalpies of atomisation
a) Because they exhibit variable oxidation state
b) Because of availability of higher number unpaired electron for metallic bonding
c) Because of magnetic nature
d) Because they are radioactive
19. In the series Sc (Z= 21) to Zn (Z = 30), the enthalpy of atomisation of zinc is the lowest,,
i.e., 126 kJ mot', because
a) Zinc shows only one oxidation state b) Zinc has small size
c) Zinc has one unpaired electron d) Zinc has no unpaired electron
20. The second ionisation enthalpy value of Cr and Cu is
exceptionally high because,
a) Both contains 1 unpaired electron
b) No unpaired electrons
c) M ions have the d' and d configurations
respectively.
d) Because of Lanthonoid contraction
21. Chlorocompounds of Vanadium has spin only magnetic
moment 1.73 B.M. The
Vanadium Chloride has the formula
a)vCi, b)VCI, c) VCl, d) VCl,
22. Among the transition elements the element with lower
melting point belongs to
a) Group 3 b) Group 11 c) Group 6 d) Group 12
23. Which of the following ions has maximum
magnetic moment
a) Mn? b) Fe? c) Ti? d) Cr?
24. Of the following elements which is not expected to display an
oxidation state of +6 in
any of its compounds? 44
 a) Ti b)Cr c) Mn d)W
25.Which of the following does not correctly represent the correct order of the property
indicated against it
a) Ti< V< Cr< Mn :lncreasing number of oxidation states
b) Ti< v"3< Cr< Mn : Increasing magnetic moment
c).Ti<V< Cr<Mn :Increasing melting point
d) Ti<V <Cr< Mn' :Increasing second ionization enthalpy
26. The electronic configuration of Cu(ll) is 3d whereas that of Cu(l) is 3d10, Which of the
following is correct?
a) Cu(ll) is more stable b) Cu(l1) is less stable
c) Cu(l) and Cu(ll) are equaly stable
d) Stability of Cu(l) and Cu(l) depends on nature of copper salts
27. The non transition element among the following is
a) Cr b) Fe c) Cu d) Zn28. Generally transition elements form
coloured salts due to the presence of unpaired electrons. Which of the following
compounds will be coloured in solid state?
a) ScCi b) CuF, c) Znf, d+Cu,cl,
29.KMnO, acts as an oxidising agent in acidic medium. The number of moles of KMnO,
that willbe needed to react with one mole of sulphide ions in acidic solution is
a) 2/5 b) 3/5 c) 45 d) 1/5
Bo,
30. Which of the following is amphoteric oxide? Sno, Sno no,
Mn,0,,Cr0,, Cr,0,, Cro, v,0,, V,0, Os, Sb,
a) v,0,,Cr,0, b) Mn,0,, Cro, c) Cro, V,0, d) v,0,, V,0,
Questions carrying TWO marks
1. Give reasons: i. Actinoids show variable Oxidation state.
i. Zr and Hf have almost identical radii. (J 2014)
Ans: i. Due to comparable energies of 5f, 6d, 7s atomic orbitals.
ii. Due to lanthanoid contraction.
2. What is the stable oxidation state of cerium? Why? (M 2014)
Ans: The stable oxidation state is +4,The cerium attains a stable noble gas
configuration of xenon by the loss of four electrons.
3. Whydo transition elements form complex compounds? Name the element in 3d series
which exhibits highest oxidation state? (U 2014, J 2017)
Ans: i. Due to high polarising power (high charge /small atomic size) metal accept lone
pairs of electrons &from complex compounds.
i. Because of vacant d-orbital metal can accept lone pair of electrons form ligands.
Manganese exhibit highest oxidation state (+7). 45
.j3d- Transition metals and their compounds are good catalysts. Give two reasons.
(M 2014)
Ans: Transition metals are good catalysts because of
i) Their ability to adopt multiple oxidation state.
i) Their ability to form complexes.
i) Finely powdered transition metal provides large surface area.
5. Give any two differènces between Lanthanoids and actinoids.
Lanthaniods Actinoids

|In Lanthanoid elements the last electron In Actinoid elements last electron enters into St
enters into 4f atomic orbital atomic orbital
|The shield ing effect produced by 4fThe shielding effect produced by 5f electron is
electron is more. |less.
6. Caculate spin only magnetic moment of Fe 2. (Atomic number of lron is 26)
Ans: Fe'*: [Ar]3d°4sº
n=4

=/n(n +2)
=444+2) =4.9 B.M
7. What are interstitial compounds? Give two characteristics of
interstitial compounds.
(Aug 2021)
Ans: The compounds formed by the trapping of small atoms like H, C, Netc into
crystals
lattice of meals.
Characteristics: 1. High melting point than the pure metal. 2. Very hard.
3. Chemically inert. 4. Retain metallic conductivity.
(Write any two)
8 a) Write achemical equation to show the
interconversion of chromates and dichromate in
aqueous solution.
b) Complete the equation: SC,o,- +2MnO, +16H* ’
Ans: a)
"2C-0," +2H* ’ Cr,0, +H,0
Chromate dichromate
(yellow colour) (Orange redcolour)
b) 5C,0, + 2MnO, +16H" ’ 2Mn
(9) What is lanthanoid contraction? Write one +8H,0+10C0,
consequence of lanthanoid contraction.
Ans: Regular decrease in the sizes of lanthanoid
elements with increase in atomic number
is known as lanthanoid contraction.
Consequence: Radii of 4d transition series elements are verv much
similar to the radii o
corresponding elements of 5d transition series.
10 a) Write general electronic configuration of actinoids?
46
 b) What is actinoid contraction?
Ans: a) [Rnsrl-"6d-! 7s'
b) The gradualdecrease in atomic and ionic sizes of actinoid elements with increase in atomic
number is known as actinoid contraction.

11. Give reason : a) Mn exhibit the higher oxidation state +7 among 3d series
transition elements. b) Cu² is paramagnetic &Cu' is diamagnetic.
Ans: a) Due to participation of all the electrons of 3d and 4s orbitals in bonding.
b) Cu: [Ar]3d1°4s' Cu': (Ar)3d1°4s° 1 |1! 11 11
No unpaired electron .So Cu' is diamagnetic.
Cu*: (Ar]3d°4s° 1L
Due to the presence of one unpaired electron Cu² is paramagnetic.
12. Give reason: Transition metals generally form coloured compounds.
Ans:When visible light falls on the metal ion or compounds the unpaired electrons
of d- subshelljump from lower energy d-orbital to higher energy d- orbital by absorbing light
of particular wavelength in visible region and the combination of unabsorbed light is sensed
by our eye as complimentary colour.
13. Give reason: a) Most of the transition metals have high melting point and boiling point.
b) Second ionizing enthalpy of copper is exceptionally high.
|Ans: a) Due to the involvement of more number of unpaired electrons in metal bonding.
b) Due to most stable 3d10 electronic configuration.
14. What are Lanthanoids? Write the most common oxidation state of Lanthanoids.(MQP)
Ans: The 14 elements following Lanthanum are called Lanthanoids or the elements in
which differentiating electron enters the 4f orbitals are called Lanthanoids.
The most common oxidation state of Lanthanoids : +3

Questions carrying THREE marks:

1a) Calculate the magnetic moment of Ce?
b)Which is more stable among Fe and Fe?

Ans: a) Cr: (Ar]3d94s! Cr: (Ar]3d³45°

n=2

u= fran+ 2)BM =/3(3 +2) =15

=3.87 BM
b) Fe?": (Ar]3d4s° 11|T|1

Fe": (Ar]3d4s° 1
Fe' is more stable than Fe'due to its half filled electronic configuration.
47
2. Give reason: a) Solution containing Cu² ion is coloured where as Cu' is colourless. b)Name
the 3d element which contains highest number of unpaired electrons in the ground state
(02015)
Ans: (a) Cu -3d° 4s' Cu 3dl°4s0 11
Since no unpaired electron, Cu* solution is colourless.
Cu* -3d° 4s°
Due to the presence of one unpaired electron, Cu²" solution is coloured.
(b) Chromium:
z4Cr- 3d'4s!
Chromium has six unpaired electrons.
3. a. 3d -series elements exhibit variable oxidation states. Why?
b. Calculate the magnetic moment of Mn²* ion. Atomic number of Mn =25.
Ans:a. Due to participation of 4s &3d electrons in bonding (because of energies of 4s &
3d subshell is almost same).
b. u=nn+2)B.M, n= number of unpaired electron.
Mn =3d'48
Mn 2* = 3d4s°
unpaired electron n=5.
=nn +2)B.M = (5 +2)B.M =35B.M= 5.92 B.M
4. Give reason (one each) for the following. (M 2015)
a. Transition metals are good catalytic agent.
b. Second ionization enthalpy of copper is very high.
c. The spin only magnetic moment of Se* is zero (z = 21 )
Ans: a. Because of their ability to adopt multiple oxidation state or their ability to form
complexes or finely powdered transition metal provides large surface area.
b. Cu-3d1°4s'. Due to extra stability of completely filled (3d10) d-orbitalt, the second
ionization
energy of copper is high.
c. The electronic configuration of ,,Sc- 3d 4s?, Sc* 3d°4s° Since there is no
unpaired electron,
the spin only magnetic moment of Sc* is zero.
5. Explain the following observations:
a. Both Cr & Mn* have d configusation but Cr2* is reducing when Mn' is
oxidising
b. Transition elements are known to form many interstitial
compounds.
c. Mn(ll) shows maximum paramagnetic character amongst divalent ions of the first
transition series.
Ans: a. ,,Cr -3d$4s, Crz* - 3d 460 Cr3-3d4s0
Here Cr3* is more stable than Cr therefore Cr2 readily changes to Cr3 and act as
stron5
reducing agent.
48
 Mn-3d$4s, Mn -3d54s0, Mn3*- 3d°4s°,
Here Mn* is more stable than Mn', Hence Mn" readily reduce to Mn" and acts as oxidizing
agent.
b. Transition elements are capable of entrapping smaller atoms of other elements such as
C, H, N in the interstitial sites of their crystal lattice.
c. Mn2* - 3d545° It has maximum number of unpaired electrons
6. a. Name the metal in 3d series which possesses maximum number of oxidation state.
b. Among Zn & Cu which is colourless.
c. Between Ti & V2* which ion contains more number of unpaired
electrons? (M 2014)
Ans: a. Manganese (Mn) which possesses maximum number of oxidation state (+7).
b. Zn - 3d1°4s Zn -3d10450,
Zn is colourless due to presence of completely filled 'd' orbital.
Cu - 3d10°4s! Cuz* - 3dP4s0
Due to the presence of one unpaired electron Cu?+ is coloured.
c. Ti- 3d²4s? Ti2*-3d²4s0
V - 3d4s? V2-3d?4s°
Thus V2* shows more number of unpaired electrons.
7. Give reasons: i. Most of the transition metals have high M.P & B.P
ii. 2nd lonisation enthalpy of Cu is exceptionaily high.
iii. Atomic size of 4d & 5d series elements are almost the same?
Ans: i. Due to the involvement of (n-1) d and ns electrons in metallic bonding.
ii. Due to the extra stability of di0 configuration of Cu' ion.
iii.Due to lanthanoid contraction.
8.a) Give reasons:i) Generally ther is increase in density along 3d series of transition metals.
ii) Third ionisation enthalpy of manganese isunusually high.
b) Which of the following ions is coloured in aqueous solution?
i) Sc i) Co iii) Cu
Ans:a) (i) Decrease in metallic radius coupled with increase in atomic mass causes increase
in density
ii)Since d configuration in Mn is disturbed
b) Co*
9.Give reason: i) Actinoid contraction is greater from element to element.
ii) Actinoids show variable oxidation states.
Ans: i) Due to p0or shielding by 5f electrons
ii) 5f, 4d, 6s have nearly same energy.
10. Give reason: i) Cu? (aq) is more stable than Cu'
49
i) lonisation enthalpy increases along transition elements from left to right
ii) Zn has highest value for E° (M / M2*)among 3d series elements
Ans: i) Due to much more negative AHd of Cu'
1) Due to increase in nuclear charge as electron fill the inner 'd' orbitals.
iii) Due to the removal of the electron from stable di° configuration of Zn2*
11. Write the structure of chromate ion.
Ans:

Cr

12. Which is the gas liberated when,

i. crystals of potassium permanganate is heated to 513K
ii. Acidified potassium permanganate treated with oxalate ion at 333K
iii. Complete the follbwing equation:
2MnO,+3Mn +2H,0’ +4H+
Ans: i. Oxygen (0,) ii. Carbon dioxide (C0,).
iii. 2Mn0, +3Mn* + 2H,0’ 5MnO, + 4H"
13. Name the metal of the 1t row transition series that
i) has maximum number of unpaired electrons in its
ground state.
ii) has zero spin only magnetic moment in its +2 oxidation
state.
iii) exhibits maximum number of oxidation state.
Ans:i) Chromium: ,Cr-|ArBd4s' 6 unpaired electron.
ii)Zn -3d10 4s² , Zn 2+-3al° 4s°, No unpaired electron. n = 0.
iii) Manganese shows maximum number of oxidation state (+7).
14. Write íonic equations for reaction of
dichromate ions with
i) Hydroxyl ions. i) Fe2* ions in acidic medium. ii)In which one of
the above two reactions will
the oxidation number of chromium remains unchanged.
Ans: i. Cr,o, + 2 OH ’ 2Cro,+ H,0
ii. Cr 0, +14 H'+6 Fe?’ 2Cr + 6Fe +7 H,0
ii. First equation
15. Describe the manufacture of potassium
dichromate from chromite ore.
Ans:a) Concentration of chromite ore: Chromite ore is
powdered and concentrated by
gravity separation method.
b) Roasting of Concentrated ore: The
concentrated ore is roasted with excess of Soaiur
Carbonate in revorboratory furnace at 1200K in the presence of air. Chromic oxide of the ore
is converted to sodium chromate.
50
 1200K
4Fe0.Cr,O, +8Na,CO, +70, 8Na,CrO, +2Fe,0, +8CO,
c) Filtration of sodium chromate solution and acidification to get sodium
dichromate
2Na,CrO,+ H,SO, ’ Na,Cr,0, + Na,SO, + H,0
d) Conversion of sodium dichromate into potassium dichromate by treating it with potassium
chloride:
Na,Cr,0, + 2KCl ’K,Cr,0, + 2NaClI
Potassium dichromate crystals are removed by filtration and purified by recrystallisation.
16. Give reasons:
i.Transition elements exhibit variable oxidation state.
ii. Ti* ion is colourless.
iii. Cu* ion is diamagnetic.
Ans: i. Due to participating of ns & (n-1)delectrons in bónding because of energies of ns &
(n-1) d subshell is almost same.
i. TË-3d²4s², Ti-31° 4s°.
It does not contain any unpaired electron in the d-orbitals
iii. Cu -3d°4s'. Cu'- 3d1°4s°.
It does not contain any unpaired electron in the d-orbitals
17. How potassium permanganate is prepared from Mn0,? Give equation. (M 2017) or
18. Describe the manufacture of potassium permananate from pyrolusite?
Ans: Step i): The finely powdered MnO, (Pyrolusite) is fused with Potassium hydroxide
and an oxidizing agent like KN0,. This produces the dark green Potassium manganate
(K,MnO,).
2MnO, +4 KOH +0, ’2K,MnO4 + 2H,0
Step ii):Potassium manganate in acidic medium undergo disproportionation to give
permanganate.
3 MnO,- +4H*’2 MnO4 +MnO, +2H,0
**********k********************** **********

51