Communication The exchange of information by signs and signals, speaking, writing or using some other medium and means is called communication.Objectives of Effective Communication —_—_————— 9 * Sending, receiving and understanding the message or information. * Development of Interpersonal Skills. * To express effectively with maximum efficiency.Communication Cycle ———_—_—__ 9 * Communication cycle is the process by which a message is sent by one individual, and it passes through a chain of recipients. * The timing and effectiveness of a communication cycle is based on how long it takes for feedback to be received by the initial sender.Communication Cycle ————EESESE SY [sever] Effective Communication Cycle [ sesver]Elements of Communication QD Sender: The person or entity originating the communication. Message: The information that the sender wishes to convey. Encoding: how the sender chooses to bring the message into a form appropriate for sending. Channel: the means by which the message is sent.Elements of Communication ——_—_—_—_—_—_—— Receiver: The person or entity to whom the message is sent. Decoding: How the receiver interprets and understands the message. Feedback: The receiver's response to the message.Types of Communication Facial ExpressionVerbal / Oral Communication —_—_—_—_—_—_—_—_ ED * People use words to exchange thoughts, feelings, and ideas with others. * It refers to spoken words being used to convey a message. * Effective oral communication is a two way process and involves both speaking and listening.Verbal / Oral Communication ———— * Oral communication can be done either by using mechanical devices like telephone, loudspeaker, tape recorder, or face-to-face interactions; more formal ways include presentations at business meetings,, Classroom lectures, and commencement speech given to a graduation ceremony, etc.Factors to improve Verbal Communication Skill ——SESES=SE=EEE—= J Vv Speech Q Pronunciation QO Vocabulary Quality Q) Rhythm Q Tone and PitchTips to improve Oral / Verbal communication eS Learn to Listen While Speaking. Learn to listen as you're speaking. ... 6 Use Concise Language. ... e Mind Your Body Language. ... 6 Take on Their Perspective. ®@ Make an audio video recording of your reading. Take note of the areas you need to work on.Advantages of Verbal communication > a UL Tetaten ei iT Libel PUES SRM coy 03 ileees the spot without any delay. The sender can Roepe rae aS (tts lta Oral communication is the easiest way of Ease of Preparation communication as it does not require preparation of any material.Disadvantages of Verbal communication > J 0) mee, UL PSU ecu ects ea 03 Tica lid ec ec Ta Tchners COME ue Oe ne ec ancy Ca CL Le Sometimes verbal communication can be really expensive if you need to communicate in a language that you are not familiar with. You will need aniExtra person to play the part of translator for you. Communication CostNon Verbal Communication EEE) * Non - verbal communication is the use of body language, gestures and facial expressions to convey information to others. It can be intentional or unintentional.Types of Non Verbal Communication ") mae =x:QO >) Body tanguage Body language is the way someone situates their body naturally depending on the situation, the environment and how they are feeling, For example, someone might cross their arms if they are feeling angry or nervous.Types of Non Verbal Communication 3(0) a SS COO communication is facial expressions. Using the OU CEC RCC MUI Ura se Coke Ae) be very effective when communicating both emotion EMO uel imTypes of Non Verbal Communication —_————_d Touch 04 Some people also use touch as a form of communication. Most commonly, it is used to communicate support or comfort. This form of communication should be used sparingly and only when you know how the receiving party feels about touch. It should never be used to convey anger, frustration or any other negative emotions in the workplace.Advantages of Non Verbal Communication Dn RU ay cy especially if it is blocked by noise, interruption, long-distance, Pee eee eed eat er od etd Pen ech Mem cre ee een hae ect ke) yes. ‘The message of non-verbal communication reaches the receiver very fast. Non-verbal cues ofcommunicationSign and symbol can also communicate some messages very quickly than written or oral messages. Reducing wastage of timeDisadvantages of Non Verbal Communication > J 0) ae eS Gestures seen as positive in one culture (Like BTM Se) mM MOSTYN ol SSUES eh ta Le (orscaneacen’ / 1, In non-verbal communication, long . 4. conversation and necessary explanation not possible ~ ~~ | not possible.Visual Communication o—___________g + Visual communication is the act of using photographs, videos, art, drawings, sketches, charts and graphs to convey information. + Visuals are often used as an aid during presentations to provide helpful context alongside written and/or verbal communication. + Since people have different learning styles, visual communication might be more helpful for some to consume ideas and information.Advantages of Visual Communication > 2 0) air ne VL Helps in Quick @ Visual communication helps to take quick 03 ee Cece eC cut eam teed uate ck aka Visual techniques help to prevent the wastage of time Written and oral communication takes much time exchange information. But number of receiversare communicated at a time through visual method Prevents wastage of timeDisadvantages of Visual Communication > J 0°) sony Bian Gestures seen as positive in one culture (Like 03 Culture-bound ¥ the thumbs-up gesture in the USA) may be seen as obscene in another culture. Difficult to understand and requires a lot of repetitions in visual communication. Since it uses gesturespostures expressions, eye contact, touch ete. for communication others which may not be understandable for the sinple Difficult to UnderstandWritten Communication ——$—$——______9 + Written communication is the act of writing, typing or printing symbols like letters and numbers to convey information. + It is helpful because it provides a record of information for reference. + Writing is commonly used to share information through books, pamphlets, blogs, letters, memos, e - mail, SMS and more. + Emails and chats are a common form of written communication in the workplace.Advantages of Written Communication 0 | It is suitable for long distance communication and repetitive standing orders. Q It creates permanent record of evidence. It can be used for future reference. Q It gives the receiver sufficient time to think, act and react. Q It can be used as legal document. @ It can be sent to many persons at a time.Advantages of Written Communication —_—_——_——9 V0 It is suitable for sending statistical data, chart, diagram, pictures, etc. Q Order, allocation of work, job distribution, etc. in written form reduce ambiguity and help in fixation of responsibility. Q Uniformity in work procedure can be maintained through written communication. Q It is easy to send unpleasant or bad news through written communication.Disadvantages of Written Communication It cannot maintain strict secrecy which would have been possible in oral communication. QO Written communication has no scope for immediate clarification if not understood properly. Q Being written in nature it is less flexible and cannot be changed easily. @ It is not effective in the case of emergency.Feedback 0 ee Y Feedback is the final component and one of the important factors in the process of communication. Q It is defined as the response given by the receiver to the sender. The sender needs response of the receiver in order to decide effectiveness of communication. QO Feedback can be negative or positive.Feedback Q Feedback plays an important part in communication because it tells both the source and the receiver, how their messages are being interpreted. Q In communication process, receivers respond to the messages received from sender, Q This response of the receiver to sender’s message is called feedback. This feedback could be a non - verbal smile/sigh/nod/frown etc.Types of Feedback General Feedback Descriptive FeedbackTypes of Feedback 0 EE (ta) States “or "opeit information on where the student did well or not so well. Example: “I like the way you described your Grandpa’s character. It makes me feel like I know a «him too.’’Types of Feedback General Feedback General feedback on the other hand is very non-specific, such as “good job” or “you did great.”Types of Feedback Descriptive Feedback Descriptive feedback is specific information, in the form of written comments or verbal conversations, that help the learner understand what she or he needs to do in order to improve. Descriptive feedback is the most powerful tool for improving student’s learning7 C’s of Communication Completenessw e = The communication must be complete. It should convey all facts required by the audience. Conciseness means communicating what you want to convey in least possible words without forgoing the other C’s of communication. . Message should be clear to the receiver Concrete communication implies being particular and clear rather than fuzzy and general. Courtesy in message implies the message should show the sender’s expression as well as should respect the receiver. The sender of the message should be sincerely polite, judicious, reflective and enthusiastic. . Correctness in communication implies that there are no grammatical errors in communication. Message should be coherent to the receiver means it should make senseCommunication Barrier ——————__—_4 + In many communications, the message may not be received exactly the way sender intended and hence it is important that the communicator seeks feedback to check that their message is clearly understood. + There exist many barriers to communication and these may occur at any stage in the communication process. + Effective communication involves overcoming these barriers and conveying a clear and concise message.Communication Barrier Prejudice BarriersCommunication Barrier If your surroundings do not support proper communication, it can also act as a barrier to appropriate interaction. You would not be able to understand what your friend is saying if you both are at rock concert due to the noise coming from the surrounding.Communication Barrier Language can be a barrier to an effective communication. Not using words another can understand will certainly stop your message from being conveyed. This not only applies to actual languages but also expressions, format used, buzz words and other jargon (special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand. J»Communication Barrier Our experience sometimes, inhibits us from understanding and communicating clearly. If you fall while riding a bicycle, you might be afraid of riding a bicycle again in the future due to your experience. So, if someone is telling you the advantage of cycle rides, you might not understand his/her point of view.Communication Barrier Ethnic, religious, and social differences can often create misunderstandings when trying to communicate. These differences can also affect one’s perception and create confusion in getting a message.Communication Barrier Having preconceptions can very well ruin the chances of proper communication. Expectations and prejudices which may lead to false assumptions or stereotyping. People often hear what they expect to hear rather than what is actually said and jump to incorrect conclusions.Communication Barrier We all can very well relate to this. Sometimes, our feelings stop us from effective communication. If one is consumed with emotion he will have difficulty in understanding what is communicated. Hostility, anger, fear, and other emotions make it hard to hear outside one’s own self.Communication Barrier If we are upset about something, we try to avoid conversation topics that remind us of the thing that is making us angry.Communication Barrier Personal factors are different for each. For example, lack of confidence makes communication difficult for some people.Overcoming Barriers —— ESSOvercoming Barriers 2D ‘Active listening’ means, actively listening. That is fully concentrating on what is being said rather than just ‘hearing’ the message of the speaker. Active listening involves listening with all senses. As well as giving full attention to the speaker. By providing this 'feedback' the person speaking will usually feel more at ease and therefore communicate more easily, openly and honestlv.Overcoming Barriers ——=) It’s important to remember the audience that you're speaking to, and use language that can be easily understood. Avoid using medical terminology or jargon when speaking to clients and their families. People are often intimidated by such language, and can be afraid to admit that they don’t understand the message being delivered. An important tool to use when speaking is to pause occasionally and ask questions to ensure that your message is being understood as intended.Overcoming Barriers a +--+ 2 Feedback is an integral part of the communication cycle. While the feedback that we give to speaker/sender may occasionally be negative; it is important that it be constructive in nature. The intent of the feedback should be to further the abilities of the speaker. This will strengthen the interpersonal relationship, and enhance future communications.