SSC Board Science Unit Test
Chapters 1 & 2 with Answers
Chapter 1: Laws of Motion – Questions & Answers
Very Short Answer (1 mark)
Q1. What is inertia?
A1. Inertia is the property of a body by which it resists any change in its state of motion or
rest.
Q2. State the SI unit of force.
A2. The SI unit of force is Newton (N).
Q3. Write Newton’s Third Law of Motion.
A3. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Q4. Give one example of action-reaction force.
A4. When we jump off a boat, the boat moves in the opposite direction.
Q5. What is momentum?
A5. Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of a body. Momentum = mass ×
velocity.
Short Answer (2 marks)
Q1. Explain Newton’s First Law with one example.
A1. Newton’s First Law states that a body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion
will remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force. Example: A ball will not roll
unless pushed.
Q2. A body of mass 2 kg moves with velocity 3 m/s. Calculate its momentum.
A2. Momentum = mass × velocity = 2 × 3 = 6 kg·m/s.
Q3. State the relation between mass, acceleration, and force.
A3. Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma).
Q4. What is the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces?
A4. Balanced forces do not change the state of motion, while unbalanced forces cause
acceleration or change in motion.
Long Answer (3/4 marks)
Q1. Explain Newton’s three laws of motion with examples.
A1. First Law: A body remains in its state unless an external force acts. Example: A
stationary object stays still.
Second Law: F = ma, force causes acceleration.
Third Law: Action = -Reaction. Example: Walking, where foot pushes backward and body
moves forward.
Q2. A bullet of mass 10g is fired from a gun of mass 2kg. If bullet moves with 400 m/s,
calculate recoil velocity.
A2. Using conservation of momentum:
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
Initial momentum = 0
0 = (0.01×400) + (2×v)
v = -2 m/s (negative sign indicates opposite direction).
Q3. Define and explain Law of Conservation of Momentum with example.
A3. Law states that total momentum before and after collision is equal.
Example: Two billiard balls colliding and transferring motion.
Chapter 2: Work and Energy – Questions & Answers
Very Short Answer (1 mark)
Q1. Define work.
A1. Work is said to be done when a force applied on an object displaces it in the direction of
the force.
Q2. Write the SI unit of energy.
A2. The SI unit of energy is joule (J).
Q3. What is potential energy?
A3. Potential energy is the energy possessed by a body due to its position or configuration.
Q4. What is power?
A4. Power is the rate at which work is done. Power = Work/Time.
Q5. Write the formula for kinetic energy.
A5. K.E. = (1/2)mv²
Short Answer (2 marks)
Q1. A force of 10 N moves an object through 5 m. Calculate work done.
A1. Work = Force × Displacement = 10 × 5 = 50 J
Q2. State two conditions where work done is zero.
A2. (i) Displacement is zero. (ii) Force is perpendicular to displacement.
Q3. Differentiate between kinetic and potential energy.
A3. Kinetic: Energy of motion. Potential: Energy due to position.
Q4. Define 1 kilowatt-hour.
A4. 1 kilowatt-hour = 1000 watts × 3600 seconds = 3.6 × 10^6 joules
Long Answer (3/4 marks)
Q1. Derive the formula for kinetic energy.
A1. Work done = Force × distance = (ma) × d
Using v² = u² + 2ad and initial velocity u = 0:
K.E. = (1/2)mv²
Q2. A ball of mass 2 kg is placed at height 5 m. Find its P.E. (g=10 m/s²)
A2. P.E. = mgh = 2 × 10 × 5 = 100 J
Q3. Explain Law of Conservation of Energy with example.
A3. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
Example: In a pendulum, potential energy converts to kinetic and back.
Q4. Define power and calculate power if 1000 J work is done in 10 s.
A4. Power = Work / Time = 1000 / 10 = 100 W
