Sharpen Your Understanding NCERT Based MCQs

1 Which theory states that life came out of 4. Which of the following was not the How many of the above statements are
decaying and rotting matter like straw, mud, connotation of special creation theory? true?
etc.? [NCERT Pg. 127I
(1) Spontaneous generation theory [NCERT Pg. 128] (1) One
(2) Theory of Biogenesis (1) All living organisms that we see today (2) Two
(3) Oparin and Haldane hypothesis were created as such.
(3) Three
(4) Special Creation theory (2) Diversity was always the same since
creation.
(4) Four
2 Read the following statements and choose
the correct option. (3) Earth is 4000 million years old. 6. Evolution of life forms had Occurred due to
[NCERT Pg. 127]
Statement A: Formation of life was use and disuse of organs, this theory was
(4) Diversity will remain same in future.
preceded by chemical evolution. given by [NCERT Pg. 134, 135]
5. The novelty and brilliant insight of Darwin
Statement B: First forms of life could have Was
(1) French naturalist Lamarck
come from pre-existing non-living organic [NCERT Pg. 135]
molecules. (a) Nature selects those individuals which (2) Hugo de Vries
(1) Only statement A is incorrect. have variations, which are heritable and (3) Charles Darwin
(2) Only statement B is incorrect. which make resource utilization better
(4) Alfred Wallace
for few.
(3) Both A andBstatements are incorrect. 7. Choose the option that represents artificial
(4) Both A andB statements are correct. (b) Nature selects those individuals which
have variations, which enable only those
selection by anthropogenic action.
i Spark discharge in Miller's experiment
simulated to reproduce and leave more progeny. [NCERT Pg. 131]
[NCERT Pg. 127, 128] (1) Herbicide resistant varieties
(1) Reducing atmosphere (c) Evolution is due to large, directionless
(2) UV radiations variations. (2) Industrial melanism
(3) Low temperature (d) New species arise due to inheritance of (3) Antibiotic resistant microbes
(4) Lightning acquired characters. (4) Breeds of dogs created by man
8. When the same structure develops along (1) 0.4 (2) 0.24
11. Selectthe option which shows embryological
different directions due to adaptation to evidence of evolution. [NCERT Pg. 130,131] (3) 0.48 (4) 0.36
different needs, this is A (1) Fossils in different sedimentary layers 15. Match the following columns and
evolution
cho0se the
and these structures are B Choose (2) Vestigial gill slits in embryos of all
correct option. [NCERT Pg. 137-1401
vertebrates
the option which correctly fills the blanks. Column Column-|
(3) Forelimbs of mammals
[NCERT Pg. 130] (4) Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins
a. Dinosaurs Tyrannosaurus rex
A B suddenly
12. Which of the following is an incorrect disappeared
(1) Convergent statement? [NCERT Pg. 128, 129,134]
Homologous |b. Fish-like reptile (i) 65 mya
(2) Divergent (1) Populations have built in variation in
Analogous characteristics. C. Biggest (iii) |Ichthyosaurs
(3) Divergent Homologous (2) Existing living forms share similarities to dinosaur
(4) Convergent Analogous varying degrees not only among
themselves but also with the life forms d. Coelacanth fish (iv) |350 mya
9. Select the option indicating analogous that existed millions of years ago.
structures.
(1) a(i), b(ii), c(i), d(iv)
[NCERT Pg. 130, 131]
(3) Adaptive ability is not inherited. (2) a(iv), b(i), c(iii), d(ii)
(1) Sweet potato and potato (4) Fitness is the end result of the ability to
(3) a(ii), b(), c(ii), d(iv)
(2) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of adapt and get selected by nature.
Cucurbita 13. When more individuals acquire peripheral (4) a(iv), b(ii), c(i), d(i)
character value at both ends of the 16. Select the correct sequence w.r.t. evolution.
(3) Vertebrate hearts distribution cuve,; this type of natural [NCERT Pg. 138,139)
(4) Forelimbs of whale, cheetah, bat and selection is called [NCERT Pg. 137)
man (1) Stabilising selection (1) Chlorophyte ancestors ’ Rhynia-type
plants Seed ferns
10. Embryological support for evolution (2) Directional selection
proposed by Ernst Haeckel was disapproved (3) Disruptive selection Progymnosperms
(2) Seed ferns ’
by [NCERT Pg. 129] (4) Progressive selection Progymnosperms ’

14. If frequency of a dominant allele, in a

Cycads ’ Angiosperms
(1) Karl Ernst von Baer
population which is in genetic equilibrium, is (3) Sauropsids Thecodonts
(2) Karl Landsteiner 0.6, then calculate frequency of Therapsids ’ Mammals
(3) Karl Fischer heterozygotes in that population.
(4) Psilophyton ’ Progymnosperms
(4) Karl Pearson [NCERT Pg. 136,137] Seed ferns ’ Angiosperms
 17. Given below are cranial capacities and (1) Tasmanian wolf and tiger cat in Australia 24. The theory that dismissed the idea of
features of ancestors of modern man. spontaneous generation but did not answer
(2) Numbat and Flying phalanger in
Choose the option which does not correctly Australia how the first life came on earth was
describe the cranial capacity and features of (3) Darwin's finches in Galapagos island proposed by [NCERT Pg. 127]
the respective fossil mentioned. (4) Lemur and spotted cuscus in Australia (1) Lamarck (2) Haldane
[NCERT Pg. 140,141] 20. Select the odd one among the following (3) Darwin (4) Pasteur
w.r.t. placental mammals and Australian
A B C marsupials. [NCERT Pg. 134] 25. Different structures evolving for the same
function in unrelated organisms is
(1)Homo habilis 650-800 cc Probably did not (1) Lemur (2) Numbat
exemplified by [NCERT Pg. 130,131]
eat meat (3) Sugar glider (4) Bandicoot
(2) Homo erectus 900 cc Fossils 21. Spark discharge during Miller's experiment (1) Similarity in haemoglobin found in
resulted in chemical interactions between all humans and chimpanzees
discovered in
1891 except [NCERT Pg. 127] (2) Brain of Aves and mammals
(1) CH4, NH3 (2) H20, H2 (3) Bone pattern in fore limbs of whale and
(3) Java man 900 cC Existed around
1.5 mya (3) NH3, O2 (4) CH4, H2 wings of bat
22. Select the correct statement from the
(4) Neanderthal 1400 cc Lived in near (4) Flippers serving as limbs in penguins
following. [NCERT Pg. 127,128]
man east and central and dolphins
(1) Formation of biomolecules preceded the
Africa between 26. Read the given statements.
appearance of the first cellular forms of
1,00,000-10,000 life. [NCERT Pg. 129,134]
years back
(2) All life forms that evolved 4000 years (0) The rate of appearance of new forms is
18. Cave paintings by pre-historic humans can before were in water environment only. linked to the life cycle or the life span.
be seen at Bhimbetka rock shelter in (3) The Big Bang theory attempts to explain (II) Natural selection works on reproductive
to us the originof earth.
[NCERT Pg. 141] fitness of the individual or population.
(4) Life appeared on earth exactly 500
(1) Andhra Pradesh million years after formation of universe. Which of the following options is not correct
for the above statements.
(2) Madhya Pradesh 23. Who among the following also came to
similar conclusion as Charles Darwin with (1) (0) is true.
(3) Uttar Pradesh reference to natural selection as mechanism
of evolution? (2) Both (1) & (|1) are false.
(4) Himachal Pradesh [NCERT Pg. 129]
example of (1) Alexander Oparin (2) Alfred Wallace (3) Both (|) & (||) are true.
19. Which of the following is not an
Pg. 133, 134] (3) Thomas Malthus (4) S. L Miller (4) (1) is true.
adaptive radiation? [NCERT
27. Plate with spikes was a predominant feature 30. Select the sequence of organisms on the 34. Change in frequency of alleles Maps
in a
of dinosaur named [NCERT Pg. 130] basis of their appearance in the ecological population results in 2 AA: Aa
time scale. [NCERT Pg. 138,139] aa ratio,
(1) Brachiosaurus (2) Tyrannosaurus what inference can be
() Invertebrates
drawn from t?
(3) Triceratops (4) Stegosaurus
(I) Sea weeds [NCERT Pg. 137)
28. Giraffes slowly over the years came to (1) New species is formed
acquire long necks. The French naturalist (1) Fish like reptiles
((V) Jawless fishes (2) Its an evolutionary population
behind this conjecture was
[NCERT Pg. 134,135] (1) () () (V) - () (3) Population is non evolutionary
(1) Charles Darwin (2) (|) - (IV) (1) - (|) (4) Nature support new phenotype
(2) Thomas Malthus (3) (11) - (l) (IV)-()
35. Select the incorrect statement from the
(4) () - (II) () (V)
(3) Jean Baptiste Lamarck 31. Choose the close of
given options. [NCERT Pg. 127) 3
living relatives
(4) Louis Pasteur dinosaurs. [NCERT Pg. 139] (1) Present day universe is a cluster of
29. Choose the incorrect match from the (1) Birds and mammals galaxies, which were formed due to
following. [NCERT Pg. 127,133,132] (2) Thecodonts and therapsids condensation of gases under gravitation.
(3) Crocodiles and birds (2) Water was broken down into H2 and O:
(1) Theory of Units of life called
(4) Only crocodiles due to high temperature at the time of
Panspermia spores were
transferred to 32. Which of the following feature develops first evolution of life.
different planets
in human evolution? [NCERT Pg. 141]
(1) Agriculture (3) Life appeared almost 4 billion years back.
including Earth
(2) Cave painting (4) Early greek thinkers thought life came on
(2) Theory of Earth is about 4.5 earth through units of life called spores.
(3) Meat eating
special creation billion years old (4) Burying dead ones 36. Chemical evolution was more or less
(3) Anthropogenic No variant is 33. Which of the given conditions are in the accepted after [NCERT Pg. 127]
actions W.r.t completely wiped favour of Hardy-Weinberg principle?
(1) Experiment of Louis Pasteur
industrial out [NCERT Pg. 137]
melanism (1) Migration of alleles into or out of the (2) Theory of panspermia
population
(4) Darwin's finches - Adaptive radiation (3) Miller's spark discharge experiment
(2) Recombination during gametogenesis evolution
and homology in (4) Embryological support for
beak structure
(3) Chance events in a population
(4) Genetic equilibrium proposed by Ernst Haeckel
 a7 Evolution is astochastic process based on 40. Birds with average-sized wings survived in Is favoured by natural selection
A in nature andB_ in the organisms. a severe storm more successfully than with b. Leaves more progeny
Choose the option which fills the blanks A longer or shorter wings. It illustrates a type
and B correctly. [NCERT Pg. 132] C Has higher fitness
of natural selection in which
A B d. Contribute less to gene p0ol
[NCERT Pg. 137I
(1) Chance mutation Chance events (1) More individuals acquire peripheral (1) a, b only (2) b, c only
(2) Chance events Chance mutation character value. (3) a, b, d only (4) a, b, conly
(3) Gene migration Constant gene pool (2) All individuals acquire values other than 43. Out of the organisms listed below, which of
mean character value.
(4)Selective mating Convergent evolution the following represent the proper sequence
38. Read the following statements A and B and
(3) Single peak is obtained in the middle of from the earliest in the fossil record to the

choose the correct option. distribution curve as natural selection latest? [NCERT Pg. 139]
[NCERT Pg. 132,128,129] can lead to stabilization.
a Therapsids
Statement A: Mutations are random and (4) More individuals acquire value other
directionless while Darwinian variations are b. Pelycosaurs
than mean character values.
small and directional.
Dinosaur
41. Select the incorrect statement W.r.t.
Statement B: In a mixed population, those
Australopithecines. [NCERT Pg. 140] d. Progymnosperms
that can better-adapt, survive and increase
in population size. (1) a, b, d, c (2) b, d, a, c
(1) Probably lived in EastAfrican grasslands
(1) Both the statements A and B are correct
(2) Hunted with stone weapons (3) d, b, a, c (4) d, b, C, a
(2) Both the statements A and B are
(3) Essentially ate fruit 44. Vhich of the following plants do not
incorrect exist
(3) Only statement A is correct (4) They walked like gorillas about 15 mya beyond Permian period of Palaeozoic era?
(4) Only statement B is correct 42. According to Darwin, how many of the [NCERT Pg. 138]
is
39. Which of the following organism following features are suitable to an (1) Bryophytes
phylogenetically a close living relative of
[NCERT Pg. 139] organism which are well camouflaged in its (2) Arborescent lycopods
birds?
surroundings so that it avoids detection by
(1) Dinosaurs (2) Crocodiles (3) Herbaceous lycopods
its predators
(4) Thecodonts [NCERT Pg. 1321
(3) Mammals (4) Ferns
 light years
? Thinkingin Context
15. The prOcess of evolution of different species
1 Stellar distances are measured in 9 The fitness, according to Darwin, refers in a given geographical area starting from
[NCERT Pg. 126] to fitness.
ultimately and onlyReproductive
Evolutionary biology [NCERT Pg. 129] point and literally radiating to other areas o
2. is the study of history of life forms geography is called Adaptive radiation
Branching descent, Natural selection
on earth. [NCERT Pg. 126] 10. and are the two key
3. In 1953 S.L. Miller, anAmerican
scientist, concepts of Darwinian theory of Evolution. [NCERT Pg. 1331
created electric discharge in a closed flask [NCERT Pg. 134) 16. When more than one adaptive radiation
Hydrogen, Methane, Ammonia and appeared to have occurred in an isolated
containing 11. The rate of appearance of new forms is
Watervapour
at 800 °C. [NCERT Pg. 127] linked to the or geographical area (representing different
life cycle, life span habitats), one can call this Convergent
4. The first non-cellular forms of life could have [NCERT Pg. 134]
evolution
originated 3bya ago. They would have Five factors are known to affect Hardy [NCERT Pg. 134)
12.
been giant molecules like RNA, PROTEIN Weinberg equilibrium. These are
polysaccharides 17. Sum total of all the allelic frequencies is
etc. These capsules reproduced and
1
their molecules perhaps. [NCERT Pg. 127] Gene migration, Genetic drift, Mutation, natural selection, Genetic recombination [NCERT Pg. 136]
[NCERT Pg. 137]
5 The first cellular form of life did not possibly Stochasticprocess based on 18. When more individuals acquire value other
13. Evolution is a
originate till about 2000 million years ago. than the mean character value, this type of
chance Events in nature and chance
[NCERT Pg. 128] Mutation in the organisms. Evolution is not a natural selection is caled selection.
directed in the Sense of Directional [NCERT Pg. 137)
6. Miller in his experiment, observed formation process

of Amino acids [NCERT Pg. 127] determinism. [NCERT Pg. 132]

19. Alfred Wallace, a naturalist who worked in
7. Evolution for Darwin wasGradual while 14. Before industrialization in England ie.,
1850's, white wingedmoths were mnore while Malay had also Come to similar
Hugo de Vries believed
Mutationscaused in
conclusions as that of Darwin around the
after industrialization i.e., in 1920's, dark winged
speciation. [NCERT Pg. 135] same time. [(NCERT Pg. 129)
Saltation moths were more than white winged moths.
8. Single step large mutation is called No variant is completely wiped out. 20. Darwinian variations are small and
[NCERT Pg. 135] directional
[NCERT Pg. 131,132] [NCERT Pg. 135]