DATE : 04/05/2025 TEST BOOKLET CODE

46

TIME :3.00 hrs M.M. : 720

Questions & Solutions

for
NEET-UG-2025
Important Instructions :
1. The Answer Sheet is inside this Test Booklet. When you are directed to open the test Booklet, take out the Answer Sheet and
fill in the particulars on ORIGINAL Copy carefully with Blue/Black ball point pen only.
2. The test is of 3 hours duration and the Test Booklet contains 180 multiple-choice questions (four options with a single correct
answer) from Physics, Chemistry and Biology. (Botany and Zoology).
3. Wherever the symbols/constants are not mentioned, they are to be considered as per their standard meaning/value.
4. Each Question carries 4 marks, For each correct response, the candidate will get 4 marks. For each incorrect response, one
mark will be deducted from total scores. The Maximum marks are 720.
5. Use Blue/Black Ball point Pen only for writing particulars on this page/marking responses on Answer sheet.
6. Rough work is to be done in the space provided for this purpose in the Test Booklet only.
7. On completion of the test, the candidate must hand over the Answer Sheet to the Invigilator before leaving the Room/Hall.
The candidates are allowed to take away this Test Booklet with them.
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write your Roll No. anywhere else except in the specified space in the Test Booklet/Answer Sheet.
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13. The candidate should not leave the Examination Hall without handing over their Answer Sheet to the Invigilator
on duty and sign (with time) the attendance sheet twice. Cases, where a candidate has not signed the attendance sheet
second time, will be deemed not to have handed over the Answer Sheet and dealt with as an Unfair means case.
14. Use of Electronic/Manual Calculator is prohibited
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Room / Hall. All cases of unfair means will be dealt with as per Rules and Regulations of this examination.
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18. If a candidate marks more than one answers for a question in the OMR Sheet, it will be treated as incorrect and negative
marking will be applicable.
 NEET-2025 (CODE: 46) Dt 04-05-2025)

PHYSICS
1. A physical quantity P is related to four observations a, b, c and d as follows :
P  a3b2 /c d
The percentage errors of measurement in a, b, c and d are 1%, 3%, 2% and 4% respectively. The
percentage error in the quantity P is
(1) 2% (2) 13% (3) 15% (4) 10%
Ans : (2)
dP da db dc 1 dd
Solutions : 3 2    13%.
P a b c 2 d
2. The intensity of transmitted light when a polaroid sheet, placed between two crossed polaroids at
22.5° from the polarization axis of one of the polaroid, is ( I0 is the intensity of polarized light after
passing through the first polaroid) :
I I I I
(1) 0 (2) 0 (3) 0 (4) 0
4 8 16 2
Ans : (2)
I
Solutions : 0 .
8
3. A 2 amp current is flowing through two different small circular copper coils having radii ratio
1 : 2. The ratio of their respective magnetic moments will be
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 2 : 1 (3) 4 : 1 (4) 1 : 4
Ans : (4)
Solutions : Magnetic moment = I  A, where I is current in the coil and A is area of the circular coil.
4. Consider the diameter of a spherical object being measured with the help of a Vernier calipers.
Suppose its 10 Vernier Scale Divisions (V.S.D.) are equal to its 9 Main Scale Divisions (M.S.D.).
The least division in the M.S. is 0.1 cm and the zero of V.S. is at x = 0.1 cm when the jaws of
Vernier calipers are closed.
If the main scale reading for the diameter is M = 5 cm and the number of coinciding vernier division
is 8, the measured diameter after zero error correction, is
(1) 5.08 cm (2) 4.98 cm (3) 5.00 cm (4) 5.18 cm
Ans : (2)
Solutions : 1 MSD = 0.1 cm
LC = 0.01 cm
Zero error = –0.1 cm
Reading = MSR + LC × (VSR)
MSR = 5 cm
VSR = 8
measurement = 5 + 0.01 × 8 = 5.08
Correct reading = measurement – Zero error
= 5.08 – 0.1 = 4.98 cm

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5. A photon and an electron (mass m) have the same energy E. The ratio  photon / electron  of their de
Broglie wavelengths is : (c is the speed of light)
2m 1 E
(1) c 2mE (2) c (3) (4) E 2m
E c 2m
Ans : (2)
hc
 2m
Solutions : Photon  E  c .
Electron h E
2mE
6. De-Broglie wavelength of an electron orbiting in the n = 2 state of hydrogen atom is close to (Given
Bohr radius = 0.052 nm)
(1) 0.67 nm (2) 1.67 nm (3) 0.067 nm (4) 2.67 nm
Ans : (1)
h h
Solutions :     0.67 nm.
P 2mK
7. An unpolarized light beam travelling in air is incident on a medium of refractive index 1.73 at
Brewster’s angle. Then -
(1) reflected light is partially polarized and the angle of reflection is close to 30°
(2) both reflected and transmitted light are perfectly polarized with angles of reflection and
refraction close to 60° and 30°, respectively
(3) transmitted light is completely polarized with angle of refraction close to 30°
(4) reflected light is completely polarized and the angle of reflection is close to 60°
Ans : (4)
Solutions : By Brewster’s law
tan   1.73  3
  tan1  3
  60
Reflected light is completely polarized.
8. The kinetic energies of two similar cars A and B are 100 J and 225 J respectively. On applying
breaks, car A stops after 1000 m and car B stops after 1500 m. If FA and FB are the forces applied
by the breaks on cars A and B respectively, then the ratio FA/FB is
2 1 1 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 2 2
Ans : (1)
v2
Solutions : v   2as,  a.
2s
9. A wire of resistance R is cut into 8 equal pieces. From these pieces two equivalent resistances are
made by adding four of these together in parallel. Then these two sets are added in series. The net
effective resistance of the combination is
R R R R
(1) (2) (3) (4)
32 16 8 64
Ans : (2)

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 NEET-2025 (CODE: 46) Dt 04-05-2025)

R R R
Solutions : Req    .
32 32 16
10. An oxygen cylinder of volume 30 litre has 18.20 moles of oxygen. After some oxygen is withdrawn
from the cylinder, its gauge pressure drops to 11 atmospheric pressure at temperature 27oC. The
mass of the oxygen withdrawn from the cylinder is nearly equal to
100
[Given, R  J mol1 K 1 , and molecular mass of O2 = 32, 1 atm pressure = 1.01  105 N / m ]
12
(1) 0.144 kg (2) 0.116 kg (3) 0.156 kg (4) 0.125 kg
Ans : (2)
PV
Solutions : n2  2  14.544 mol
RT
n  18.2  14.544  3.656 moles
m  n  M  3.656  0.032  0.116 kg.
11. In a certain camera, a combination of four similar thin convex lenses are arranged axially in contact.
Then the power of the combination and the total magnification in comparison to the power (p) and
magnification (m) for each lens will be, respectively
(1) p4 and 4m (2) 4p and m4 (3) p4 and m4 (4) 4p and 4m
Ans : (2)
Solutions : For combination of lens peffective   p. And meffective  m1  m2  m3  m4 .
12. AB is a part of an electrical circuit (see figure). The potential difference “VA – VB”, at the instant
when current I = 2 A and is increasing at a rate of 1 amp / second is
i
A 2 B
1H 5V
(1) 6 volt (2) 9 volt (3) 10 volt (4) 5 volt
Ans : (3)
di
Solutions : The voltage across 2 Ω is 4 volt and polarity . And the voltage across inductor is L . Which
dt
is 1 and polarity .
13. A body weighs 48 N on the surface of the earth. The gravitational force experienced by the body
due to the earth at a height equal to one-third the radius of the earth from its surface is :
(1) 27 N (2) 32 N (3) 36 N (4) 16 N

Ans : (1)
2
 R 
Solutions : gh  g  
RR /3 
9
gh  g
16
9
W2  48   27 N.
16

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14. A full wave rectifier circuit with diodes (D1) and (D2) is shown in the figure. If input supply voltage
Vin  220sin 100  t  volt, then at t = 15 m sec
D1

Vin
D2
RL

(1) D1 is reverse biased, D2 is forward biased

(2) D1 and D2 both are forward biased
(3) D1 and D2 both are reverse biased
(4) D1 is forward biased, D2 is reverse biased
Ans : (1)
Solutions : The time period is 20 m sec hence in 15 m sec D1 is in reverse bias and D2 is forward bias.
15. Two cities X and Y are connected by a regular bus service with a bus leaving in either direction
every T min. A girl is driving scooty with a speed of 60 km/h in the direction X to Y notices that a
bus goes past her every 30 minutes in the direction of her motion, and every 10 minutes in the
opposite direction. Choose the correct option for the period T of the bus service and the speec
(assumed constant) of the buses.
(1) 25 min, 100 km/h (2) 10 min, 90 km/h
(3) 15 min, 120 km/h (4) 9 min, 40 km/h
Ans : (3)
Solutions : Bus crosses every 30 minute in the direction of motion
Relative velocity = V – 60
Distance between two
30
d   V  60   ...  1
60
From opposite direction, relative velocity = V + 60
10
d   V  60   ...  2 
60
By using (1) and (2)
V  120 km / h
10
d  V  T   V  60  
60
T  15 min.
16. The Sun rotates around its centre once in 27 days. What will be the period of revolution if the Sun
were to expand to twice its present radius without any external influence? Assume the Sun to be a
sphere of uniform density.
(1) 105 days (2) 115 days (3) 108 days (4) 100 days
Ans : (3)
Solutions : By using angular momentum conservation.

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I1 1  I22
2 2 2  2 2
Mr1   Mr2 
5 T1 5 T2
r12 r22

T1 T2
r2 4r2
  T2  108days
27 T2
17. The electric field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by
Ez  60cos  5x  1.5  109 t  V / m.
Then expression for the corresponding magnetic field is (here subscripts denote the direction of the
field)
(1) Bx  2  107 cos  5x  1.5  109 t  T (2) Bz  60cos  5x  1.5  109 t  T
(3) By  60sin  5x  1.5  109 t  T (4) By  2  107 cos  5x  1.5  109 t  T
Ans : (4)
E
Solutions :  C, where C is a speed of light and E, B and direction of propogation of wave are mutually
B
perpendicular.
18. Two identical charged conducting spheres A and B have their centres separated by a certain
distance. Charge on each sphere is q and the force of repulsion between them is F. A third identical
uncharged conducting sphere is brought in contact with sphere A first and then with B and finally
removed from both. New force of repulsion between spheres A and B (Radii of A and B are
negligible compared to the distance of separation so that for calculating force between them they
can be considered as point charges) is best given as :
2F F 3F 3F
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 2 8 5
Ans : (3)
kq
Solutions : F  2 ... 1
d
q 3q
Finally charge on ball A is and charge on ball B .
2 4
kq 3
F'  2 
d 8
3
F'  F
8
19. An electric dipole with dipole moment 5  106 Cm is aligned with the direction of a uniform electric
field of magnitude 4  105 N / C . The dipole is then rotated through an angle of 60° with respect to
the electric field. The change in the potential energy of the dipole is :
(1) 1.0 J (2) 1.2 J (3) 1.5 J (4) 0.8 J
Ans : (1)

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Solutions : Ui  PEcos   2 J
Uf  PEcos60  1 J
U  1.0 Joule.
20. A microscope has an objective of focal length 2 cm, eyepiece of focal length 4 cm and the tube
length of 40 cm. If the distance of distinct vision of eye is 25 cm, the magnification in the microscope
is
(1) 125 (2) 150 (3) 250 (4) 100
Ans : (1)
L D
Solutions : The overall magnification  .
f0 fe
21. The output (Y) of the given logic implementation is similar to the output of an/a _________ gate.
A
Y
B

A
(1) NAND (2) OR (3) NOR (4) AND
Ans : (3)
Solutions : Y  A  B.
22. A uniform rod of mass 20 kg and length 5 m leans against a smooth vertical wall making an angle
of 60o with it. The other end rests on a rough horizontal floor. The friction force that the floor exerts
on the rod is (take g = 10 m/s2)
(1) 100 3 N (2) 200 N (3) 200 3 N (4) 100 N
Ans : (1)
Solutions :

Balancing torque about point of contact with ground.

5 3 5
mg    fr 
2 2 2
3
200   fr
2
fr 100 3

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23. The current passing through the battery in the given circuit, is
1.5

A
B  C
 5.5
E
F D
3 
1/3  5V
(1) 0.5 A (2) 2.5 A (3) 1.5 A (4) 2.0 A
Ans : (1)
Solutions : Balance wheat stone bridge is formed so, 6Ω resistance between A and D is neglected.
8 1
So, R    7  10Ω
3 3
V
I   0.5 A.
R
24. A model for quantized motion of an electron in a uniform magnetic field B states that the flux
passing through the orbit of the electron is n(h/e) where n is an integer, h is Planck’s constant and e
is the magnitude of electron’s charge. According to the model, the magnetic moment of an electron
in its lowest energy state will be (m is the mass of the electron)
he heB heB he
(1) (2) (3) (4)
m m m m
Ans : (1)
Solutions : As given,
nh
Flux  
e
nh
B  r2  ...  i 
e
Now magnetic moment of rotating electron is
evr
M
2
For electron undergoing circular motion in magnetic field
mv eBr
r v
eB m
ev eBr
M 
2 m
nh
Br2 
e
e2 nh
M 
2m e
For n  1

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he
M
2m

25. Which of the following options represent the variation of photoelectric current with property of light
shown on the x-axis ?
Photoelectric

Photoelectric
current

current
(A) (B)

0 0
Intensity of light Intensity of light

Photoelectric
Photoelectric

current
current

(C) (D)

0 0
Frequency of light Frequency of light
(1) A and C (2) A and D (3) B and D (4) A only
Ans : (4)
Solutions : Photoelectric current  intensity of incident radiation.
26. An electron (mass 9  1031 kg and charge 1.6  1019 C) moving with speed c/100 (c = speed of

light) is injected into a magnetic field B of magnitude 9  104 T perpendicular to its direction of

motion. We wish to apply an uniform electric field E together with the magnetic field so that the
electron does not deflect from its path. Then (speed of light c = 3  108 ms 1 )
 
(1) E is perpendicular to B and its magnitude is 27  102 V m1
 
(2) E is parallel to B and its magnitude is 27  102 V m1
 
(3) E is parallel to B and its magnitude is 27  104 V m1
 
(4) E is perpendicular to B and its magnitude is 27  104 V m1
Ans : (1)   
Solutions : In the combined field if there is no deflection then E  B  V.
27. Consider a water tank shown in the figure. It has one wall at x = L and can be taken to be very wide
in the z direction. When filled with a liquid of surface tension S and density  the liquid surface
makes angle 0  0  1 with the x-axis at x = L. If y(x) is the height of the surface then the
equation for y(x) is

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 NEET-2025 (CODE: 46) Dt 04-05-2025)

y
0

x
x=L
dy
(take   x   sin  x   tan  x  , g is the acceleration due to gravity)
dx
d 2 y g d2y g dy g d 2 y g
(1)  y (2)  (3)  x (4)  x
dx2 S dx 2 S dx S dx 2 S
Ans : (1)
Solutions : P  gy …(1)
2
dy
P  S …(2)
dx 2
From Equation (1) and (2)
d 2 y g
 y.
dx 2 S
28. A pipe open at both ends has a fundamental frequency f in air. The pipe is now dipped vertically in
a water drum to half of its length. The fundamental frequency of the air column is now equal to
3f f
(1) f (2) (3) 2f (4)
2 2
Ans : (1)
V
Solutions : f 
2
V V
f'    f.
   2
4 
2
29. A parallel plate capacitor made of circular plates is being charged such that the surface charge
density on its plates is increasing at a constant rate with time. The magnetic field arising due to
displacement current is :
(1) constant between the plates and zero outside the plates
(2) non-zero everywhere with maximum at the imaginary cylindrical surface connecting peripheries
of the plates
(3) zero between the plates and non-zero outside
(4) zero at all placed
Ans : (2)
Solutions : Enclosed displacement current will be maximum at surface of cylinder
 
  dl  µ0Id
B
Magnetic field will be non-zero everywhere and maximum at surface.

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30. Three identical heat conducting rods are connected in series as shown in the figure. The rods on the
sides have thermal conductivity 2K while that in the middle has thermal conductivity K. The left
end of the combination is maintained at temperature 3T and the right end at T. The rods are thermally
insulated from outside. In steady state, temperature at the left junction is T1 and that at the right
junction is T2. The ratio T1/T2 is

3T 2K K 2K T
T1 T2
4 5 5 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 4 2
Ans : (2)
Solutions :

3T 2K K 2K T
T1 T2
Here R is thermal resistance of side conductor.
Total rate of heat flow
 3T  T 
Q 
4R 2R
Now For T1
3T  T 1 T T 5T
  T1  3T  
R 2R 2 2
Now For T2
T2  T T T 3T
  T2  T  
R 2R 2 2
5T
T1 5
 2
T2 3T 3
2
31. A constant voltage of 50 V is maintained between the points A and B of the circuit shown in the
figure. The current though the branch CD of the circuit is :
C
1 2 B
A

3 D 4

50V
(1) 2.0 A (2) 2.5 A (3) 3.0 A (4) 1.5 A
Ans : (1)
Solutions : By KVL, I = 2 amp.

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32. In some appropriate units, time (t) and position (x) relation of a moving particle is given by
t = x2 + x. The acceleration of the particle is
2 2 2 2
(1)  3
(2)  3
(3)  (4)  3
 2x  1  x  1 2x  1  x  2
Ans : (1)
dt 1 1 dv
Solutions :   2x  1 and 2   2v, a  2v 3 .
dx v v dt

33. Two gases A and B are filled at the same pressure in separate cylinders with movable pistons of
radius rA and rB , respectively. On supplying an equal amount of heat to both the systems reversibly
under constant pressure, the pistons of gas A and B are displaced by 16 cm and 9 cm, respectively.
r
If the change in their internal energy is the same, then the ratio A r is equal to
B

3 2 3 4
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 3 2 3
Ans : (1)
Solutions : Q  W  U
 W  const
 PA  const
rA 3
  .
rB 4
34. In an oscillating spring mass system, a spring is connected to a box filled with sand. As the box
oscillates, sand leaks slowly out of the box vertically so that the average frequency   t  and
average amplitude A(t) of the system change with time t. Which one of the following options
schematically depicts these changes correctly?

(t) (t)

1) 2) t
A(t) A(t)

t t

(t) (t)

3) 4) t
t
A(t) A(t)

t t
Ans : (1)

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k
Solutions :  
m
k
 t  
m t
As m(t) decreasing so (t) will be increasing and at the end will be constant
As mass leaving the system without any relative velocity. So energy decreasing. As spring constant
is constant so amplitude should decrease.
35. A sphere of radius R is cut from a larger solid sphere of radius 2R as shown in the figure. The ratio
of the moment of inertia of the smaller sphere to that of the rest part of the sphere about the Y-axis
is :
Y

X
2R

7 7 7 7
(1) (2) (3) (4)
40 57 64 8
Ans : (2)
2m 2 m 2 7
Solutions : Ismall sphere =  R  R   mR2
5 8 8  40
2 2 7 57 2
Iremaining portion  m  2R   mR2 = mR
5 40 40
36. The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are separated by d. Two slabs of different dielectric constant
3 d
K1 and K2 with thickness d and , respectively are inserted in the capacitor. Due to this, the
8 2
capacitance becomes two times larger than when there is nothing between the plates.
If K1 = 1.25 K2, the value of K1 is
(1) 2.33 (2) 1.60 (3) 1.33 (4) 2.66
Ans : (4)
A 0 A
Solutions : 2  0 
d d 3d d
 
8 8K1 2K2
1 3 1
  1
4 4K1 K2

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3 5 3
 
4K1 4K1 4
8
K1 
3
37. There are two inclined surfaces of equal length (L) and same angle of inclination 45o with the
horizontal. One of them is rough and the other is perfectly smooth. A given body takes 2 times as
much time to slide down on rough surface than on the smooth surface. The coefficient of kinetic
friction  k  between the object and the rough surface is close to
(1) 0.40 (2) 0.5 (3) 0.75 (4) 0.25
Ans : (3)
Solutions : a  t2  constant, without friction a1 is g sin  . And with friction a2 is g (sin  –  cos  ) .
38. A bob of heavy mass m is suspended by a light string of length l. The bob is given a horizontal
velocity v0 as shown in figure. If the string gets slack at some point P making an angle  from the
horizontal, the ratio of the speed v of the bob at point P to its initial speed v0 is
P

O 

v0
m
1 1 1
 1 2  cos   2  sin   2 1
(1)   (2)   (3)   (4)  sin   2
 2 + 3sin    2 + 3sin    2 + 3sin  
Ans : (3)
Solutions : At the point of slaking V2 = rg sin  = u2 – 2gr (1 + sin  ).
39. A container has two chambers of volumes V1 = 2 litres and V2 = 3 litres separated by a partition
made of a thermal insulator. The chambers contains n1 = 5 and n2 = 4 moles of ideal gas at pressures
p1 = 1 atm and p2 = 2 atm, respectively. When the partition is removed, the mixture attains an
equilibrium pressure of :
(1) 1.6 atm (2) 1.4 atm (3) 1.8 atm (4) 1.3 atm
Ans : (1)
Solutions :

By conservation of Internal energy

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 NEET-2025 (CODE: 46) Dt 04-05-2025)

f f f
 1 2   2 3  P  5
2 2 2
8
P   1.6atm
5
40. To an ac power supply of 220 V at 50 Hz, a resistor of 20  , a capacitor of reactance 25  and an
inductor of reactance 45  are connected in series. The corresponding current in the circuit and the
phase angle between the current and the voltage is, respectively
(1) 7.8 A and 45o (2) 15.6 A and 30o (3) 15.6 A and 45o (4) 7.8 A and 30o
Ans : (1)
Solutions : R = 20, XL= 45, Xc= 20 

220
I
2
R2   XL  X C 
220
I
202  202
220
I  7.8 A
20 2
X  X c 0
tan   L   1    45
R 20
41. The radius of Martian orbit around the Sun is about 4 times the radius of the orbit of Mercury. The
Martian year is 687 Earth days. Then which of the following is the length of 1 year on Mercury ?
(1) 225 earth days (2) 172 earth days (3) 124 earth days (4) 88 earth days
Ans : (4)
2 3

Solutions :
 687  
 4r 
T2 r3
2
 687 
   64
 T 
687
T  88.
8
42. A balloon is made of a material of surface tension S and its inflation outlet (from where gas is filled
in it) has small area A. It is filled with a gas of density  and takes a spherical shape of radius R.
When the gas is allowed to flow freely out of it, its radius r changes from R to 0 (zero) in time T. If
the speed v(r) of gas coming out of the balloon depends on r and ra and T  S A R  then
1 1 1 5 1 1 1 7
(1) a   ,    ,   1,    ,   (2) a   ,    ,   1,   ,  
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 7 1 1 3
(3) a  ,   ,    ,   ,   (4) a  ,   ,   1,   1,  
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Ans : (2)

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Solutions : By writing dimension on both side

   
 T   MT 2 
L2  ML3  L 
On comparing dimension of T
1   2
1

2
On comparing dimension of M
0   
1

2
43. A particle of mass m is moving around the origin with a constant force F pulling it towards the
origin. If Bohr model is used to describe its motion, the radius r of the nth orbit and the particle’s
speed v in the orbit depend on n as
(1) r  n1/ 3 ;   n2/ 3 (2) r  n2/ 3 ;   n1/ 3
(3) r  n4 / 3 ;   n1/ 3 (4) r  n1/ 3 ;   n1/ 3
Ans : (2)
mv2
Solutions : F 
r
nh
mvr 
2
nh
r
2mv
mv2  2mv
F
nh
3
n v
1
3
v n
r  v2
2
r n 3

44. Two identical point masses P and Q, suspended from two separate massless springs of spring
constants k1 and k 2 , respectively, oscillate vertically. If their maximum speeds are the same, the
ratio (AQ/AP) of the amplitude AQ of mass Q to the amplitude AP of mass P is :
k k2 k1 k
(1) 1 (2) (3) (4) 2
k2 k1 k2 k1
Ans : (3)

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 NEET-2025 (CODE: 46) Dt 04-05-2025)

K1 K
Solutions : AP  2 A Q
m m
AQ K
 1.
AP K2
45. A ball of mass 0.5 kg is dropped from a height of 40 m. The ball hits the ground and rises to a height
of 10 m. The impulse imparted to the ball during its collision with the ground is
(Take g = 9.8 m/s2)
(1) 7 NS (2) 0 (3) 84 NS (4) 21 NS
Ans : (4)
Solutions : Impulse = change in momentum, momentum before collision = m  2g  40. And momentum
after collision is m  2g  10. And the change in momentum is sum of both.

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