By

Dr. Yasser Abdelhamid

 2D arrays
 http://www.javatpoint.com/
 Pearson Education, Inc. slides

Dr. Yasser Abdelhamid

 Thebrackets of the array type can be
associated with the element type or with the
name of the array

 Thereforethe following two declarations are

equivalent:
double[] prices;
double prices[];

 Thefirst format generally is more readable

and should be used

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 An initializer list can be used to instantiate
and fill an array in one step
 Thevalues are delimited by braces and
separated by commas
 Examples:

int[] units = {147, 323, 89, 933,

540,269, 97, 114, 298, 476};

char[] grades = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D',

’F'};

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 Note that when an initializer list is used:
 the new operator is not used
 no size value is specified

 The size of the array is determined by the number

of items in the list

 Aninitializer list can be used only in the array

declaration
 See Primes.java

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//********************************************************************
// Primes.java Author: Lewis/Loftus
//
// Demonstrates the use of an initializer list for an array.
//********************************************************************

public class Primes

{
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Stores some prime numbers in an array and prints them.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] primeNums = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19};

System.out.println("Array length: " + primeNums.length);

System.out.println("The first few prime numbers are:");

for (int prime : primeNums)

System.out.print(prime + " ");
}
}

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 Output
//********************************************************************
// Primes.java Author: Lewis/Loftus
// Array length: 8
// Demonstrates The
the first
use of few
an initializer list for
prime numbers are:an array.
//********************************************************************
2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19
public class Primes
{
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Stores some prime numbers in an array and prints them.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] primeNums = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19};

System.out.println("Array length: " + primeNums.length);

System.out.println("The first few prime numbers are:");

for (int prime : primeNums)

System.out.print(prime + " ");
}
}

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Declaring and Using Arrays
Arrays of Objects
Two-Dimensional Arrays

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 A one-dimensional array stores a list of elements
 A two-dimensional array can be thought of as a
table of elements, with rows and columns

one two
dimension dimensions

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 Tobe precise, in Java a two-dimensional
array is an array of arrays
A two-dimensional array is declared by
specifying the size of each dimension
separately:
int[][] table = new int[12][50];
 Anarray element is referenced using two
index values:
value = table[3][6]
 Thearray stored in one row can be specified
using one index

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//********************************************************************
// TwoDArray.java Author: Lewis/Loftus
//
// Demonstrates the use of a two-dimensional array.
//********************************************************************

public class TwoDArray

{
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Creates a 2D array of integers, fills it with increasing
// integer values, then prints them out.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[][] table = new int[5][10];

// Load the table with values

for (int row=0; row < table.length; row++)
for (int col=0; col < table[row].length; col++)
table[row][col] = row * 10 + col;

// Print the table

for (int row=0; row < table.length; row++)
{
for (int col=0; col < table[row].length; col++)
System.out.print(table[row][col] + "\t");
System.out.println();
}
}
}
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 //********************************************************************
// TwoDArray.java Author: Lewis/Loftus
//
// Demonstrates the use of a two-dimensional array.
//********************************************************************
Output
public class TwoDArray
0 { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
10 // Creates
11 12 a 2D array
13 of 14
integers,15fills it
16with increasing
17 18
// integer values, then prints them out.
19
20 //-----------------------------------------------------------------
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
public static void main(String[] args)
29
{
30 31 int[][]
32 table =33new int[5][10];
34 35 36 37 38
39
40 41 // Load
42 the table
43 with 44
values 45 46 47 48
49 for (int row=0; row < table.length; row++)
for (int col=0; col < table[row].length; col++)
table[row][col] = row * 10 + col;

// Print the table

for (int row=0; row < table.length; row++)
{
for (int col=0; col < table[row].length; col++)
System.out.print(table[row][col] + "\t");
System.out.println();
}
}
}
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 Which of the following are valid declarations?
Which instantiate an array object? Explain
your answers.
 int primes = {2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11};
Invalid; an int cannot be declared and initialized using an
intializer list. The brackets are missing.
 float elapsedTimes[] = {11.47, 12.04, 11.72, 13.88};
Valid; the brackets can be placed either after the element type
or after the reference variable. However, this is not the
preferred technique. This declaration creates an array object.
 int[] scores = int[30];
Invalid; the right hand side of the assignment operator
must contain either an initializer list or a new operation.
 int[] primes = new {2,3,5,7,11};
Invalid; “new” on the right hand side of the assignment
operator is neither necessary nor acceptable.
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 int[] scores = new int[30];
Valid; the assignment is correct Java syntax. This
declaration creates an array object.
 char grades[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'f'};
Valid; the brackets can be placed either after the element
type or after the reference variable. However, this is not
the preferred technique. This declaration creates an array
object.
 char[] grades = new char[];
Invalid; the size of the array must be indicated when the
array is instantiated.

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 Write an array declaration and any necessary supporting
classes to represent the following statements:
a. students’ names for a class of 25 students
String[] students = new String[25];
b. students’ test grades for a class of 40 students
int[] grades = new int[40];
or, for simple letter grades:
char[] grades = new char[40];
or, for letter grades that include pluses and minuses
String[] grades = new String[40];
c. students’ names for a class and homework grades for each
student
Student[] myClass = new Student[MAX];
public class Student
{
private String name;
private int[] grades;
}

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d. for each employee of the L&L International Corporation:
the employee number, hire date, and the amount of the last
five raises

Employee[]employees = new Employee[MAX];

public class Employee
{
private int employeeNumber;
private String hireDate;
private double raise[] = new double[5];
}

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 Describe what problem occurs in the following code.
What modifications shouldbe made to it to eliminate
the problem?
int[] numbers = {3, 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 12, 32, 3, 12, 6};
for (int count = 1; count <= numbers.length; count++)
System.out.println(numbers[count]);
The for loop fails to print the 0th element of the array, and
attempts to print the nonexistent 11th element of the
array. As a consequence, an
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown. The
problem can be eliminated by providing a for loop which
initializes count to 0 (rather than 1) and tests if count is
less than (rather than less than or equal to)
numbers.length.

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 Write code that sets each element of an array called
nums to the value of the constant INITIAL.
for (int index = 0; index < nums.length; index++)
nums[index] = INITIAL;
 Write code that prints the values stored in an array
called names backwards.
for (int index = names.length-1; index >= 0; index--)
System.out.println(names[index]);
 Write a method called sumArray that accepts an array of
floating point values and returns the sum of the values stored
in the array.
public float sumArray(float[] values)
{
float sum = 0;
for (int index = 0; index < values.length; index++)
sum += values[index];
return sum;}

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