FIoT Unit 5 Updated QB with Answers

Q. No Question (s) Marks BL CO

UNIT – V
Q a) What is cloud computing ?
Ans:Cloud computing refers to the use of hosted services, such as data
1 storage, servers, databases, networking, and software over the internet. 1M L1 C325.6
The data is stored on physical servers, which are maintained by a cloud
service provider.
Q b) What is sensor cloud ?
Ans: A sensor cloud is a platform that integrates wireless sensor
networks (WSNs) with cloud computing, providing a scalable and 1M L1 C325.6
flexible infrastructure for storing, visualizing, and managing sensor
data, enabling powerful analysis and remote management of sensors.
Q c) List out IoT applications?
Ans: IoT applications span a wide range of fields, including smart
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homes, smart cities, agriculture, healthcare, transportation, and
industrial automation.
Q d) What is GSM?
Ans: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a widely 1M L1 C325.6
used digital cellular technology for voice and data communications.
Q e) What is cloud Database ?
Ans:A cloud database is a database management system that is hosted
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and accessed through a cloud computing platform, rather than residing
on physical hardware within a traditional data center
Q a) What are the main types of cloud services ,and what are their key
differences?
Ans: The main types of cloud services are infrastructure-as-a-service
(IaaS), platform-as-a-service (PaaS), and software-as-a-service (SaaS).

SaaS PaaS IaaS

1. It is a software 1.It is a model in 1.It is a model in
distribution model in which the third party which the third party
which the third party provider hosts provider hosts
provider hosts application servers, storage and
applications and development other virtualized
makes them available platforms and tools compute resources
2 to costumers over the on its own and makes them 3M L3 C325.6
Internet. infrastructure and available to
makes them available costumers over the
to costumers over the Internet.
Internet.
2. No need to be a 2.A piece of proper 2.Need to have
technical expert to technical knowledge excellent technical
use it is necessary for knowledge
developing
applications
3. Most consumers 3.PaaS is popular 3.IaaS is popular
and businesses focus among application among researchers
 on SaaS developers and developers

4. The cost of using 4.The cost of using 4.The cost of using

SaaS is minimum PaaS is low SaaS is highest

Q b) Explain about Sensor - Cloud with Neat Diagram ? 3M

Ans:The sensor cloud architecture shown in fig below has three main
components:
1. Physical Sensors Infrastructure,
2. Cloud and Virtualization Infrastructure,
3. User and their Applications

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1.Physical Sensors Infrastructure:

The Physical layer of Sensor-Cloud consists of heterogeneous sensor

nodes that are deployed in a widespread area. Typically, this layer
contains several types of sensor nodes (such as camera sensor, light
sensor, motion sensor, sound sensor, etc.) that measure the changes
around them. The sensor data is collected by the sensing unit, then
passed to the processing unit which handles various data manipulation
and computing tasks. It is then transmitted through the communication
unit to the base stations. This can be either directly in a single-hop
routing, or through several intermediate nodes in a multi-hop routing
model. The base station receives data from all the sensor nodes in the
networks, performs additional tasks such as aggregation and
compression, and then transmits data directly to the cloud.
 However, the physical sensors may be owned by different owners,
where they have to maintain and keep their sensing networks in good
and working conditions in order to perfectly provide their services
through the cloud according to a registration agreement.

2. Cloud and Virtualization Infrastructure:

The cloud platform is considered as a shared pool with high- efficient
computing resources that are available to many clients as public utility
services (IaaS, SaaS, or PaaS) without any concern about where the
resources are located or the other details .In Sensor-Cloud paradigm,
the data gathered by the sensor nodes is received, stored, and managed
by management modules in the cloud. The data then offered as high-
level services using virtualization schemes by which the users from
different geographical areas can access the shared data based on their
application requirements, without concerning about the actual physical
sensors location.

Using standard techniques, the cloud service provider enables the users
to request the needed virtual sensors automatically through a user
interface. They can control and make use of all the monitoring
functions of the given virtual sensors, which can be a combination of
functions of different types of physical sensors in different WSNs.
Generally, the cloud infrastructure consists of several modules, that
together perform the total functionality of the Sensor-Cloud and
provide services to various user applications. This includes resource-
registry, resource-management & control, data storage, virtualization,
security, etc.

3. User Application Interface:

It is also known as the application layer and this layer consists of

various users who are registered with one or more applications in the
Sensor-Cloud database and start using sensing virtual sensors to serve
their applications. Registered users can request virtual sensors to
execute the tasks from the available templates provided by service
providers. The users have a choice to prepare their own template from
virtual sensors or by adjusting the current service templates and allow
other parties to share their own templates. Every user can manage and
control their virtual sensors and also can observe the condition of their
virtual sensors through the website. However, the user can
release the resources based on the application requirements and destroy
the template when they are no longer required.

Q c) Explain about Smart cities and homes with Neat Diagrams ? 3M

Ans:A smart city is an intelligent city that integrates digital
technologies into its networks, services and infrastructure making it L2 C325.6
more efficient and livable for the benefit of its inhabitants and
business.Smart homes are a part of Smart City
The role of IoT in Smart City is discussed below:

1. Smart Infrastructure:
IoT enables cities to equip their infrastructure with sensors and devices
that collect data on the condition of roads, bridges, buildings, and other
assets. This data is used for monitoring and preventing accidents,
optimizing maintenance, and enhancing the safety of city dwellers.

2. Waste Management:
IoT facilitates efficient waste management in cities. Smart waste bins
equipped with fill-level sensors can transmit data to waste management
authorities when they need emptying, eliminating the need for fixed
collection schedules that may result in unnecessary trips and fuel
consumption. This not only reduces costs but also minimizes the
environmental impact of waste collection.

3. Surveillance System:
IoT-driven security solutions are evolving rapidly to enhance public
safety. Surveillance cameras equipped with facial recognition
technology can help law enforcement identify and locate individuals
with criminal records or missing persons. Moreover, emergency
response systems can be integrated with IoT platforms to enable rapid
and coordinated responses to incidents such as fires, accidents, or
natural disasters.

4. Transportation System:
IoT allows for the creation of intelligent transportation systems.
Sensors on roads and in vehicles gather information about traffic, road
conditions, and public transport occupancy. This helps reduce traffic
congestion, lower emissions, and improve the efficiency of public
transportation.

5.Efficient Energy Consumption:

Smart cities use IoT to optimize energy consumption. Sensors control
lighting and other energy consuming devices, reducing costs and
environmental impact.

The role of Cloud computing in Smart City is discussed below:

1.Data Management and Storage at Scale:

One of the primary challenges smart cities face is managing the vast
amounts of data generated by IoT devices and sensors. Cloud
computing offers scalable and cost-effective solutions for data storage,
ensuring that cities can handle increasing volumes of information
without running into infrastructure bottlenecks.

The cloud provides a centralized platform for data management,

enabling secure data storage, easy access for stakeholders, and
integration with various analytics tools. With real-time data processing,
cloud solutions allow cities to react instantly to traffic conditions,
public safety concerns, or energy needs, optimizing resource allocation
and enhancing citizen services.

2.Interconnectivity and System Integration

In a smart city, multiple systems like transportation, energy, water,
emergency services, and more must work together to function
efficiently. Cloud computing facilitates seamless integration and
interconnectivity between different municipal systems and departments
encouraging collaboration. By using cloud-based platforms, cities can
ensure that data flows smoothly across all systems, enabling more
comprehensive coordination of activities.

For instance, traffic management systems can be connected to public

transportation networks and emergency services, allowing for better
route optimization and quicker response times in emergencies. Cloud
computing also supports interoperability between devices, ensuring that
new IoT technologies and legacy systems can work together
effectively.

3.Enhanced Citizen Services and Operational Efficiency

One of the most visible impacts of cloud computing on smart cities is
the improvement of citizen services. By leveraging cloud-based
technologies, cities can offer more personalized, efficient services to
their residents. For example, smart transportation systems can adjust in
real-time to reduce congestion, while smart grids can balance supply
and demand more effectively, reducing energy waste and costs.
 4.Security and Privacy in Smart Cities
As smart cities rely on interconnected systems and data-driven
operations, ensuring the security and privacy of this data is challenging.
Cloud computing providers are aware of these challenges and offer
robust security frameworks that include encryption, access control,
threat detection, and compliance with international standards.
Advanced encryption techniques protect sensitive data both in transit
and at rest, ensuring that personal information remains secure.

5.Sustainability and Smart Resource Management

Cloud computing also plays a pivotal role in driving sustainability
initiatives within smart cities. With the ability to process and analyze
vast amounts of data in real time, cities can optimize resource
management. Smart grids can balance energy loads, Water
management systems can monitor usage and reduce waste, and Air
quality sensors can inform environmental policies. By utilizing the
cloud, cities can make more informed decisions that contribute to long-
term environmental sustainability.

Q d) Explain about Connected Vehicle using GSM with Neat Diagram? 3M

Ans:A connected vehicle using GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communications) leverages a combination of GPS (Global Positioning
System) and GSM technology to enable real-time tracking and
communication. The system utilizes a GPS module to determine the
vehicle's location, and a GSM modem to transmit this data to a central
server or the vehicle owner's mobile device via SMS or data transfer.

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Components and Functionality:

o Vehicle:
The vehicle itself is equipped with a GSM modem, a GPS receiver, and
potentially other sensors.
o GSM Network:
The GSM network provides the wireless communication infrastructure
for transmitting data between the vehicle and the central server.
o Central Server:
A central server or application receives and processes data transmitted
 from the vehicle, such as its location, speed, and other relevant
information.
o Communication:
The GSM modem in the vehicle transmits data using the GSM network
to the central server.

Q e) Explain in details on Infrastructure as Service in Cloud Computing ?

Ans: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a cloud computing model
where a provider delivers essential IT infrastructure like virtual
machines, storage, and networking over the internet.
Key aspects of IaaS:
 On-demand access:
Users can access virtual machines, storage, and networking resources
as needed.
 Pay-as-you-go:
Users are charged based on the resources they consume, not a fixed
subscription.
 Flexibility and scalability:
3M L4 C325.6
IaaS allows users to quickly scale up or down their resources as
needed, adapting to changing workloads.
 Managed infrastructure:
The cloud provider manages the underlying hardware and
infrastructure, including maintenance, upgrades, and security.
 Virtualization:
IaaS utilizes virtualization technologies to create virtual machines and
resources from physical hardware.
 Examples:
Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, Amazon Web Services are examples
of IaaS providers.

Q a) Explain about Advantages of Sensor - Cloud in Detail ?

Ans: the advantages:
1. Enhanced Data Management:
 Centralized Data Storage and Access:
The cloud provides a centralized location for storing and accessing
sensor data, making it readily available for various applications and
users.
 Real-time Data Analysis:
Cloud-based platforms offer robust processing capabilities, enabling
near real-time data analysis and decision-making.
3 5M L3 C325.6
 Simplified Data Sharing and Collaboration:
The cloud facilitates easy sharing of sensor data with different users
and organizations, promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing.
2. Reduced Human Intervention and Automation:
 Automated Service Provisioning:
The cloud automatically provisions services when users make a
request, eliminating the need for manual configuration and
deployment.
 Dynamic Resource Allocation:
IT resources and sensors are automatically released when they are no
 longer needed, optimizing resource utilization and reducing costs.
 Reduced Operational Costs:
The pay-as-you-go model and automated resource management
contribute to lower operational costs compared to traditional sensor
data management approaches.
3. Increased Efficiency and Scalability:
 Improved Efficiency:
The automation and centralized nature of sensor-to-cloud systems
improve efficiency in data management and analysis.
 Scalability:
Cloud platforms are highly scalable, allowing organizations to add or
remove IoT devices without worrying about infrastructure limitations.
 Faster Time to Market:
The ease of deployment and scalability of cloud-based systems enable
faster development and deployment of sensor-based applications.
4. Enhanced Security and Reliability:
 Data Security:
Cloud providers offer robust security measures to protect data,
including encryption and access controls, ensuring data confidentiality
and integrity.
 Reliability:
The cloud infrastructure is designed for high reliability, ensuring
continuous availability of sensor data and services.

Q b) Explain about Smart GRID with Diagram? 5M

Ans:

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A Smart Grid is an electricity network that uses advanced technology

to monitor and manage power flow, improving efficiency, reliability,
and sustainability.
 The diagram illustrates the key components of a smart grid:
1. Generation: Power is generated from various sources,
including conventional power plants, renewable energy sources
(solar, wind), and potentially distributed generation from
customers.
2. Transmission: High-voltage transmission lines carry power
from generation sources to substations.
3. Substations: Substations transform the voltage for distribution
to customers.
4. Distribution: Low-voltage distribution networks deliver power
to consumers.
5. Smart Meters: Smart meters at customer locations monitor
energy consumption and provide data to the grid.
6. Communication Network: A communication network
connects all components, enabling real-time data exchange and
control.
7. Centralized Control System: A centralized control system
manages the grid, making decisions based on real-time data.
8. Customer Devices: Smart appliances and devices can
participate in demand response programs or integrate with
distributed generation systems.

Q c) Explain about Healthcare Application with Raspiberry Pi with Neat 5M

Diagram?
Ans: A Raspberry Pi-based healthcare application utilizes the small
computer as a central hub to collect, process, and potentially transmit
data from various sensors and devices. This allows for remote patient
monitoring, data analysis, and even real-time alerts based on
predefined thresholds. For instance, it can monitor vital signs like heart
rate, blood pressure, temperature, and ECG, and store this data locally
or remotely.

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Key Components and Functionality:

 Sensors:
 Various sensors like ECG, heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, and
oxygen saturation sensors are used to collect patient data.
 Raspberry Pi:
The Raspberry Pi acts as the central processor, collecting data from
sensors, processing it, and potentially sending it to cloud servers for
storage and analysis.
 Connectivity:
The Raspberry Pi can be connected to the internet via Wi-Fi or
Ethernet for data transmission and remote access.
 Cloud Storage:
Data can be stored securely on cloud servers for long-term storage,
analysis, and access by authorized personnel.
 Alert System:
The system can be configured to send alerts (e.g., SMS or email) when
vital signs exceed predefined thresholds, notifying medical staff of
potential emergencies.
. Remote Access: Medical staff can remotely access the data and
monitor the patient's health status.

Q d) Explain about Software as Service in Cloud Computing ? 5M

Ans:

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Software as a Service (SaaS) is a cloud computing model where users

access software applications over the internet, typically through a web
browser, instead of purchasing and installing them locally.
Key aspects of SaaS:
 Cloud-based delivery: SaaS applications are hosted on the
provider's servers and accessed remotely.
 Subscription model: Users pay a fee (usually monthly or
annually) to access the software.
 No installation or maintenance: Users don't need to install or
manage the software on their own devices, as the provider
handles these tasks.
 Access from anywhere: Users can access SaaS applications
from any internet-connected device.
  Cost-effective: SaaS can be more affordable than traditional
software, as users only pay for what they use and avoid
hardware and software costs.
Examples of SaaS applications:
 Email (e.g., Gmail, Outlook)
 Office suites (e.g., Microsoft Office 365, Google Workspace)
 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) (e.g., Salesforce)
 Project management tools (e.g., Asana, Trello)
 Cloud storage (e.g., Dropbox, Google Drive)
 Streaming services (e.g., Netflix, Spotify)

Q e) Explain about Sensor - Cloud for agriculture ? 5M

Ans: Sensor-cloud technology in agriculture involves using various
sensors to collect data from agricultural fields and transmitting this data
to the cloud for storage, analysis, and decision-making. This enables
farmers to monitor crops, soil, and weather conditions, optimize
resource use, and make informed decisions for improved productivity
and sustainable farming practices.

How it works:

1. Data Collection:
Sensors like moisture sensors, temperature sensors, and camera-
equipped drones collect data from the field.
2. Data Transmission:
This data is transmitted wirelessly (e.g., via Wi-Fi, cellular networks)
to a central cloud platform.
3. Data Storage and Analysis:
The cloud platform stores the data, analyzes it, and may use algorithms
to identify trends, predict outcomes, or generate alerts.
4. Decision Making: L2 C325.6
Farmers can access the analyzed data through dashboards or apps,
enabling them to make informed decisions about irrigation,
fertilization, pest control, and other aspects of farming.

Benefits:
 Precision Farming:
Sensor-cloud technology enables precision farming by providing real-
time data about specific areas of the field, allowing farmers to optimize
resource use.
 Improved Efficiency:
Automated monitoring and data analysis reduce labor costs and
optimize resource allocation.
 Enhanced Decision Making:
Access to data and insights allows farmers to make informed decisions
that improve crop yield and quality.
 Early Detection of Problems:
Sensors can detect issues like soil moisture imbalances, pest
infestations, or diseases early on, allowing for timely intervention.
 Sustainable Practices:
 By optimizing resource use and identifying potential problems, sensor-
cloud technology promotes more sustainable agricultural practices

Q a) Analyze the components and architecture of cloud computing. Break 10M

down its key services and deployment models, and explain how they
interact within a cloud environment.
Ans:

Cloud computing architecture is the framework that underpins the

4 delivery of computing services over the internet, comprising both front- L4 C325.6
end and back-end components. It involves various services and
deployment models that interact to provide resources and applications
to users.

Key Services:
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
Provides virtualized computing resources like servers, storage,
and networking, allowing users to deploy and manage their
own software.
 Platform as a Service (PaaS):
Offers a platform for developers to build, run, and manage
applications, including tools for development, deployment,
and databases.
 Software as a Service (SaaS):
Delivers applications over the internet, typically accessed
through a web browser or client application, without the user
needing to manage the underlying infrastructure.
Deployment Models:
 Public Cloud:
Resources and services are owned and managed by a third-
party cloud provider and are available to the general public.
 Private Cloud:
Resources are dedicated to a single organization and can be
 hosted on-premises or in a third-party data center, offering
greater control and security.
 Hybrid Cloud:
Combines elements of both public and private clouds,
allowing organizations to leverage the strengths of each
model.

Interaction within a Cloud Environment:

1. Client Access:
Users access the cloud through the front-end, which includes
their devices and browsers.
2. Resource Allocation:
The back end manages the allocation of computing resources
like servers and storage based on user requests.
3. Service Delivery:
IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS provide the specific services that users
utilize, such as hosting applications, developing software, or
accessing applications.
4. Networking:
The underlying network infrastructure connects the front-end
and back-end components, enabling communication and data
transfer.
5. Data Storage and Retrieval:
Cloud storage solutions manage the storage and retrieval of
data, ensuring its availability and security.
6. Application Deployment and Management:
The cloud platform provides tools for deploying, managing,
and scaling applications, allowing for efficient resource
utilization.

Qa) b) Evaluate the features and capabilities of an IoT platform, 10M

comparing its components and functions. Provide a diagram to
support your analysis?
b) Ans:An IoT platform facilitates communication and management of
interconnected devices by providing a framework for data collection,
processing, and application development. It encompasses components
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like devices, gateways, cloud infrastructure, and user interfaces,
enabling secure and reliable IoT deployments. Features include device
management, data analytics, security, and edge computing, allowing
users to monitor, control, and automate IoT applications.
c)
d)
e)
f) Components and Functions:
g)
h) 1. Devices/Sensors:
i) These are the physical devices (e.g., smart sensors, actuators) that
collect and transmit data.
j) Function: Sense environmental conditions, measure parameters, and
interact with the physical world.
k) 2. Gateway:
l) A device that acts as a bridge between devices and the cloud, often
handling data aggregation and processing.
m) Function: Filters, processes, and transmits data from multiple devices
to the cloud, potentially performing edge processing.
n) 3. Cloud Infrastructure:
o) A centralized infrastructure for storing, processing, and analyzing data
from devices.
p) Function: Provides storage, compute, and networking resources for
IoT applications, enabling real-time data processing and analytics.
q) 4. Data Analytics:
r) Tools and services for analyzing data collected from devices.
s) Function: Identify patterns, predict outcomes, and derive insights from
IoT data, enabling data-driven decision-making.
t) 5. User Interface:
 u) A platform for users to interact with IoT data and applications.
v) Function: Provides dashboards, reports, and controls for monitoring,
managing, and interacting with IoT devices and applications.
w)
Qx) c) Design a comprehensive IoT-based solution for Smart Homes and 10M
Smart Cities, integrating various applications and technologies with
Diagrams ?
Ans: A comprehensive IoT-based solution for Smart Homes and
Smart Cities involves connecting a network of IoT devices, processing
the data they generate, and using that data to optimize various aspects
of urban life and home automation. This can be visualized through
diagrams showcasing the communication flow between devices, cloud
platforms, and end-users.
y)

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z)
I. Smart Home IoT
 Sensors and Actuators:
Connect smart devices like temperature sensors, light switches,
security cameras, and smart appliances to a central hub.
 Connectivity:
Use Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks to facilitate
communication between devices and the cloud.
 Central Hub:
A central smart home hub (like a smart speaker or a dedicated server)
acts as the brain of the system, coordinating device actions and user
interactions.
 User Interface:
Control devices via smartphone apps, voice commands, or wall-
mounted panels.
 Cloud Integration:
Store and analyze data remotely for long-term trends and personalized
insights.
 Examples:
 Smart Lighting: Adjust lighting based on time of day,
occupancy, or user preferences.
 Smart Thermostat: Optimize heating and cooling
based on occupancy and schedules.
 Smart Security: Monitor security systems remotely and
receive alerts for unusual activity.
 Smart Appliances: Control appliances like
refrigerators, washing machines, and ovens remotely.
II. Smart City IoT
 Sensors and Actuators:
 Traffic Management: Install sensors on roadways,
traffic lights, and vehicles to collect data on traffic flow
and congestion.
 Parking: Use sensors to identify available parking spots
and guide drivers.
 Waste Management: Track the fill level of waste bins
and optimize collection routes.
 Environmental Monitoring: Monitor air quality, noise
levels, and other environmental conditions.
 Public Safety: Deploy cameras and sensors to monitor
public spaces and detect potential threats.
 Energy Efficiency: Use smart grids and sensors to
optimize energy distribution and consumption.
 Public Transport: Monitor public transport schedules
and passenger flow.
 Connectivity:
Establish a robust network using cellular, Wi-Fi, or LoRaWAN for
communication between devices and the cloud.
 Data Processing and Analytics:
 Cloud Platforms: Use cloud services to store and
analyze large volumes of data.
 Data Visualization: Create dashboards to display real-
time information on city performance.
 Machine Learning: Use AI to analyze data, predict
trends, and optimize city services.
 Examples:
 Smart Traffic Management: Optimize traffic flow by
adjusting traffic signals based on real-time conditions.
 Smart Parking: Guide drivers to available parking
spots, reducing congestion.
 Waste Management: Optimize collection routes and
reduce fuel consumption.
 Air Quality Monitoring: Provide real-time data on air
quality to inform residents.
Bit c 10M Qn Diagram: