Solving Modulus Functions Using Case Method
Example: |x - 1| + |x - 3|
Step 1: Identify Critical Points
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The modulus expressions are |x - 1| and |x - 3|.
Set them equal to zero to get critical points:
- x - 1 = 0 => x = 1
- x - 3 = 0 => x = 3
So the critical points are: x = 1 and x = 3
Step 2: Divide into Intervals Based on Critical Points
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1. Case 1: x < 1
2. Case 2: 1 <= x < 3
3. Case 3: x >= 3
Step 3: Evaluate the Expression in Each Interval
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Case 1: x < 1
Both expressions are negative, so remove modulus with a minus sign:
|x - 1| + |x - 3| = -(x - 1) - (x - 3)
= -x + 1 - x + 3 = -2x + 4
Case 2: 1 <= x < 3
x - 1 is non-negative, x - 3 is negative:
|x - 1| + |x - 3| = (x - 1) - (x - 3)
=x-1-x+3=2
Solving Modulus Functions Using Case Method
Case 3: x >= 3
Both expressions are non-negative:
|x - 1| + |x - 3| = (x - 1) + (x - 3)
= x - 1 + x - 3 = 2x - 4
Final Answer (Piecewise Function)
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|x - 1| + |x - 3| =
-2x + 4, if x < 1
2, if 1 <= x < 3
2x - 4, if x >= 3