LECTURE 1.
INTRODUCTION
Transport Phenomena I
CHEB417-01
2024 Spring Semester / MW 11:00 ~ 12:15
What is Chemical Engineering?
Chemical engineering occupies a unique position at the interface between molecular sciences
and engineering. Intimately linked with the fundamental subjects of chemistry, biology,
mathematics, and physics — and in close collaboration with fellow engineering disciplines like
materials science, computer science, and mechanical, electrical, and civil engineering — chemical
engineering offers unparalleled opportunities to do great things.
Traditionally linked to fuel combustion and energy systems, today’s chemical engineers are
spearheading new developments in medicine, biotechnology, microelectronics, advanced
materials, energy, consumer products, manufacturing, and environmental solutions. A new
generation of chemical engineering-trained entrepreneurs are forming innovative new businesses,
no doubt influenced by the fact that chemical engineers have served as CEOs of such leading
global businesses as 3M, DuPont, Intel, General Electric, Union Carbide, Dow Chemical, Exxon,
BASF, Gulf, and Texaco.
https://cheme.mit.edu/about/what-is-chemical-engineering/
What do chemical engineers do?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eDGHy5iu_M
What do chemical engineers do?
• Design processes to transport, transform, and produce materials
• Requires knowledge from physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics
• Have wide range of career opportunities
Career opportunities
What differentiates chemical engineers from chemists?
→ Scale up
Dimensional analysis
• Taking a small reaction and scaling it to happen on a larger scale
Small lab scale Large industry scale
Chemical engineering curriculum
• Physical chemistry (물리화학)
• Organic chemistry (유기화학)
• Engineering mathematics (공학수학)
• Reaction kinetics (반응공학)
• Thermodynamics (열역학)
• Fluid mechanics (유체역학) – Transport phenomena
• Energy and mass transfer (열(에너지) 및 물질 전달)
• Process control (공정제어)
• Separation process (분리공정)
What is transport phenomena?
• Exchange of something between two different positions
• People : immigration and emigration
• Money and goods : trade and economics
• Momentum, Heat & Mass
• Transport Phenomena:
• Momentum Transport (in fluid system) = Fluid Mechanics
• Mechanics = Science of “Force vs. Motion”
• Fluid mechanics: dealing with deformation and motion of fluid due to applied force
• Momentum: vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and a direction
1) Linear momentum: the product of the mass and velocity of an object
𝒑𝒑 = 𝑚𝑚𝐯𝐯
2) Angular momentum: the cross product of the object's position vector 𝒓𝒓 (relative to some
origin) and its momentum vector (𝒑𝒑)
𝑳𝑳 = 𝒓𝒓 × 𝒑𝒑
What is transport phenomena?
• Transport Phenomena II (now, Energy and Mass transfer):
• Heat and Mass transfer
• Heat, Mass: scalar quantity
• Why fluid flow first?
• 3 mechanisms of heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation
Transport phenomena in matter
• Transport phenomena are due to the activity of molecules
• If we could trace the activities of all molecules, the transport phenomena
would be, in principle, done
• We are basically interested in the collective effect rather than the detailed
activities of individual molecules (Continuum case)
Topic of next lecture
• For very small scales like nanometer scale, activities of individual molecules
should be studied to understand the system (Molecular dynamics, MD)
What are fluids?
nasa.gov
• a substance that flows; any liquid or gas
• a substance that continually deforms under an applied shear stress, or
external force
Examples related to transport phenomena
-Transport of
reactants and products
-Supply or removal of
reaction heat
-Physical or chemical
separation processes
Objective of this course
• Learn the basic principles of momentum transfer related to
fluid motion
• Learn important concepts such as material volume, linear
momentum principle, kinematics, stress tensor,
dimensional analysis
• Understand the fundamental equations that govern fluid
flows
Syllabus
• No prerequisite
• Preferred: Linear algebra, Differential equations
• Undergraduate level introductory course
• For graduate students, recommend taking CHEB642 instead
• Evaluation
• Attendance: (5%)
• HW Assignment: (15%)
• Mid term: (40%)
• Final: (40%)
• No required textbooks
• Lecture notes and additional materials will be distributed
References
• S. Whitaker, "Introduction to Fluid Mechanics", Krieger (1986)
• R.B. Bird, W.E.Stewart, and E.N.Lightfoot, "Transport Phenomena",
2nd ed, Wiley International, N.Y.(2002)
• R.F. Probstein, "Physicochemical hydrodynamics: An introduction",
Butterworths (1989)
Content
1. Introduction to fluid mechanics (continuum hypothesis)
2. Vector-Tensor analysis
3. Fluid statics (buoyancy force)
4. Kinematics (description of fluid motion)
- time derivatives
- two ways of description: Lagrangian and Eulerian
- the divergence theorem
- the transport theorem
- the continuity equation: material balance
5. Stress in a fluid (cause of fluid motion)
- stress vector
- stress tensor
- stress equation of motion
6. Differential equation of motion
- pressure
- constitutive equation
- Navier-Stokes equation
7. Dimensional analysis
- characteristic scales
- dimensionless numbers: Reynolds number
- Buckingham’s pi-theorem
8. 1-dimensional laminar flow
Contact
• For any question regarding the course material:
• Instructor: Hyomin Lee / Room 407, Environ. Eng. Building
/054-279-2336 / hyomin@postech.ac.kr
• For any question regarding HW and Exam:
• TA (Jaeyeong Kwon & Se Yeon Baek)
Jaeyeong Kwon (권재영) Se Yeon Baek (백세연)
jyeong.kwon@postech.ac.kr baek5669@postech.ac.kr
