Name:
Abdul
radzak,
Buhar
iTBsEd-
soci
alst
udi
es
Subj
ect
:SSE115(I
slami
chi
stor
y)
Lesson1
Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty:
1
A.Di
rect
ion:
Basedont
het
opi
c,wr
it
ear
efl
ect
ionpaperaboutt
hel
i
feoft
hePr
ophet
.
Muhammadwast
hepr
ophetandf
ounderofI
slam.Mostofhi
sear
lyl
i
fewasspent
asamer
chant
.Atage40,hebegant
ohav
erev
elat
ionsf
rom Al
l
aht
hatbecamet
he
basi
sfort
heKor
anandt
hef
oundat
ionofI
slam.By630hehaduni
fi
edmostofAr
abi
a
underasi
ngl
erel
i
gion.Asof2015,t
her
ear
eov
er1.
8bi
l
li
onMusl
i
msi
nthewor
ldwho
pr
ofess,
“Ther
eisnoGodbutAl
l
ah,
andMuhammadi
shi
spr
ophet
.”
Muhammadwasbor
nar
ound570,ADi
nMecca(
now i
nSaudiAr
abi
a).Hi
sfat
her
di
edbef
orehewasbor
nandhewasr
aisedf
ir
stbyhi
sgr
andf
atherandt
henhi
suncl
e.
Hebel
ongedt
oapoorbutr
espect
abl
efami
l
yoft
heQur
aysht
ri
be.Thef
ami
l
ywas
act
ivei
nMeccanpol
i
ticsandt
rade.Manyoft
het
ri
besl
i
vingi
ntheAr
abi
anPeni
nsul
aat
t
het
imewer
enomadi
c,t
radi
nggoodsast
heycr
isscr
ossedt
hedeser
t.Mostt
ri
beswer
e
pol
ythei
sti
c,wor
shi
ppi
ngt
hei
rownsetofgods.Thet
ownofMeccawasani
mpor
tant
t
radi
ng and r
eli
giouscent
er,homet
o manyt
empl
esand wor
shi
p si
teswher
ethe
dev
otedpr
ayedt
othei
dol
soft
hesegods.Themostf
amoussi
tewast
heKaaba
(
meani
ngcubei
nAr
abi
c).I
tisbel
i
evedt
ohav
ebeenbui
l
tbyAbr
aham (
Ibr
ahi
mto
Musl
i
ms)andhi
ssonI
smai
l
.Gr
adual
l
ythepeopl
eofMeccat
urnedt
opol
ythei
sm and
i
dol
atr
y.Ofal
lthegodswor
shi
pped,
iti
sbel
i
evedt
hatAl
l
ahwasconsi
der
edt
hegr
eat
est
andt
heonl
yonewi
thoutani
dol
.Inhi
sear
lyt
eens,Muhammadwor
kedi
nacamel
car
avan,f
oll
owi
ngi
nthef
oot
stepsofmanypeopl
ehi
sage,bor
nofmeagerweal
th.
Wor
kingf
orhi
suncl
e,hegai
nedexper
iencei
ncommer
cialt
radet
rav
eli
ngt
oSy
riaand
ev
ent
ual
l
yfr
om t
heMedi
ter
raneanSeat
otheI
ndi
anOcean.I
nti
me,
Muhammadear
ned
ar
eput
ati
onashonestandsi
ncer
e,acqui
ri
ngt
heni
ckname“
al-
Ami
n”meani
ngf
ait
hful
ort
rust
wor
thy
.Inhi
sear
ly20s,Muhammadbeganwor
kingf
oraweal
thymer
chant
womannamedKhadi
j
ah,
15y
ear
shi
sseni
or.Shesoonbecameat
tract
edt
othi
syoung,
accompl
i
shedmanandpr
oposedmar
ri
age.Heaccept
edandov
ert
hey
ear
sthehappy
uni
onbr
oughtsev
eralchi
l
dren.Notal
lli
vedt
oadul
thood,butone,Fat
ima,woul
dmar
ry
Muhammad’
scousi
n,Al
iibnAbiTal
i
b,whom Shi
’
iteMusl
i
msr
egar
dasMuhammad’
s
successor
.
Muhammadwasal
sov
eryr
eli
gious,occasi
onal
l
ytaki
ngj
our
ney
sofdev
oti
ont
o
sacr
edsi
tesnearMecca.Ononeofhi
spi
l
gri
magesi
n610,
hewasmedi
tat
ingi
nacav
e
onMountJabalaI
-Nour
.TheAngelGabr
ielappear
edandr
elay
edt
hewor
dofGod:
“
Reci
tei
nthenameofy
ourLor
dwhocr
eat
es,cr
eat
esmanf
rom acl
ot!Reci
tef
ory
our
l
ordi
smostgener
ous….
”Thesewor
dsbecamet
heopeni
ngv
ersesofsūr
ah(
chapt
er)96
oft
heQur
'an.MostI
slami
chi
stor
iansbel
i
eveMuhammadwasi
nit
ial
l
ydi
stur
bedbyt
he
r
evel
ati
onsandt
hathedi
dn’
trev
ealt
hem publ
i
clyf
orsev
eraly
ear
s.Howev
er,Shi
’
a
t
radi
ti
onst
ateshewel
comedt
hemessagef
rom t
heAngelGabr
ielandwasdeepl
y
i
nspi
redt
oshar
ehi
sexper
iencewi
thot
herpot
ent
ialbel
i
ever
s.I
slami
ctr
adi
ti
onhol
ds
t
hatt
hef
ir
stper
sonst
obel
i
evewer
ehi
swi
fe,Khadi
j
aandhi
scl
osef
ri
endAbuBakr
(
regar
dedast
hesuccessort
oMuhammadbySunniMusl
i
ms)
.Soon,
Muhammadbegan
t
ogat
herasmal
lfol
l
owi
ng,i
nit
ial
l
yencount
eri
ngnoopposi
ti
on.Mostpeopl
einMecca
ei
theri
gnor
edhi
m ormockedhi
m asj
ustanot
herpr
ophet
.Howev
er,
whenhi
smessage
condemnedi
dolwor
shi
pandpol
ythei
sm,manyofMecca’
str
iball
eader
sbegant
osee
Muhammadandhi
smessageasat
hreat
.Besi
desgoi
ngagai
nstl
ongst
andi
ngbel
i
efs,
t
hecondemnat
ionofi
dolwor
shi
phadeconomi
cconsequencesf
ormer
chant
swho
cat
ered t
othe t
housands ofpi
l
gri
ms who came t
o Mecca ev
eryy
ear
.Thi
s was
especi
all
ytr
uef
ormember
sofMuhammad’
sownt
ri
be,t
heQur
aysh,whower
ethe
guar
diansoft
heKaaba.Sensi
ngat
hreat
,Mecca’
smer
chant
sandl
eader
sof
fer
ed
Muhammad i
ncent
ives t
o abandon hi
s pr
eachi
ng,buthe r
efused.
Incr
easi
ngl
y,t
he
r
esi
stancet
oMuhammedandhi
sfol
l
ower
sgr
ew andt
heywer
eev
ent
ual
l
yfor
cedt
o
emi
grat
efr
om Meccat
oMedi
na,aci
ty260mi
l
est
othenor
thi
n622.Thi
sev
entmar
ks
t
hebegi
nni
ngoft
heMusl
i
m cal
endar
.Ther
eMuhammadwasi
nst
rument
ali
nbr
ingi
ng
anendt
oaci
vi
lwarr
agi
ngamongstsev
eraloft
heci
ty’
str
ibes.Muhammadset
tl
edi
n
Medi
na,bui
l
dinghi
sMusl
i
m communi
tyandgr
adual
l
ygat
her
ingaccept
anceandmor
e
f
oll
ower
s.
Bet
ween624and628,t
heMusl
i
mswer
einv
olv
edi
naser
iesofbat
tl
esf
ort
hei
r
sur
viv
al.I
nthef
inalmaj
orconf
ront
ati
on,TheBat
tl
eoft
heTr
enchandSi
egeofMedi
na,
Muhammadandhi
sfol
l
ower
spr
evai
l
edandat
reat
ywassi
gned.Thet
reat
ywasbr
oken
byt
heMeccanal
l
iesay
earl
ater
.Bynow,Muhammadhadpl
ent
yoff
orcesandt
he
bal
anceofpowerhadshi
ft
edawayf
rom t
heMeccanl
eader
stohi
m.I
n630,
theMusl
i
m
ar
mymar
chedi
ntoMecca,t
aki
ngt
heci
tywi
thmi
nimum casual
ti
es.Muhammadgav
e
amnest
ytomanyoft
heMeccanl
eader
swhohadopposedhi
m andpar
donedmany
ot
her
s.Mostoft
he Meccan popul
ati
on conv
ert
ed t
oIsl
am.Muhammad and hi
s
f
oll
ower
sthenpr
oceededt
odest
royal
loft
hest
atuesofpagangodsi
nandar
oundt
he
Kaaba.
