Computer-

Aided Design
(CAD)
LEARNING OUTCOME (LO):

At the end of this c h a p t e r, students

should be able to:

 Produce 2D models using AutoCAD.

(W6)
 Produce 3D solid models using
AutoCAD. (W7)
 Produce 3D sur face models using
AutoCAD. (W8)
 Produce 3D mesh models using
AutoCAD. (W9)
Introduction
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computer systems to assist in
the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD
software is used in various industries for designing and drafting.

CAD has evolved significantly over the years. It originated in the 1960s
with the development of computer-aided drafting systems. The
technology has since advanced, incorporating 3D modeling, parametric
design, and collaboration features.

CAD plays a crucial role in industries such as manufacturing,

architecture, automotive, aerospace, and more. It enhances design
efficiency, accuracy, and collaboration, leading to improved product
quality and innovation.
The History of CAD
Basic Principles of CAD

A. Digital Representation of Objects

• CAD allows the creation of two-dimensional (2D) and three-
dimensional (3D) digital models. 2D modelling is typically used
for floor plans and schematics, while 3D modelling provides a
more realistic representation of objects or structures.
• CAD uses various methods for representing objects. Wireframes
consist of lines and curves outlining the shape. Surfaces add a
layer to define the object's outer appearance, and solids
represent objects as fully enclosed entities with volume.
Basic Principles of CAD

B. Geometric Modelling
• Geometric modelling involves creating basic elements such as
points, lines, curves, and surfaces. These elements are
combined and manipulated to form complex shapes and
structures in a digital environment.
• Parametric modelling allows the definition of design parameters
and relationships. Changes to one part of the model
automatically update related components, enabling efficient
design modifications and maintaining consistency.
Basic Principles of CAD

C. Constraints and Relationships

• Dimensional constraints specify the size and distance
relationships between elements in a CAD model. They ensure
that specific dimensions remain constant or change
proportionally when modifying the design.
• Geometric constraints define relationships based on shapes and
angles. They allow for the maintenance of specific geometric
properties during design modifications, ensuring accuracy and
consistency.
CAD Software
• AutoCAD
• SolidWorks • BricsCAD
• CATIA • SketchUp
• Siemens NX (formerly
Unigraphics) • ArchiCAD
• Autodesk Inventor • TurboCAD
• Rhino • Onshape
• Fusion 360 • DraftSight
• PTC Creo (formerly
Pro/ENGINEER) • TinkerCAD
• FreeCAD • Vectorworks
• Blender • ZWCAD
• ProgeCAD (formerly
IntelliCAD) • IronCAD
 Aspect AutoCAD ProgeCAD DraftSight TurboCAD ZWCAD SolidWorks SketchUp

Dassault Dassault
Developer Autodesk ProgeSOFT IMSI/Design ZWSOFT Trimble
Systèmes Systèmes
3D modelling,
General- General- General- General- General- 3D mechanical
Usage architectural
purpose CAD purpose CAD purpose CAD purpose CAD purpose CAD CAD
Design
Commercial, Commercial, Commercial, Commercial, Commercial,
License Commercial Commercial
educational educational educational educational educational
Modelling 2D and 3D 2D and 3D 2D and 3D 2D and 3D 2D and 3D Mostly 3D 3D
Yes Yes
Parametric Yes Limited (2D Yes Limited (3D
(Parametric (Parametric Yes (Parametric)
Modelling (Parametric) Parametric) (Parametric) Parametric)
3D) 3D)
Direct Yes (Direct Yes (Direct Yes (Direct Yes (Direct Yes (Direct Yes (Direct
Limited
Modelling editing) editing) editing) editing) editing) editing)
3D
Special Diverse add- DWG 2D Simulation, 3D warehouse,
Architectural SmartMouse
Features ons compatibility Constraints sheet metal extensions
tools
Emerging Trends in
CAD
• Generative design - A revolutionary approach that uses
algorithms and artificial intelligence to automatically
generate design options. It explores numerous possibilities,
optimizing for specified criteria and constraints.
• Augmented Reality (AR) - AR in CAD involves overlaying
digital information, such as 3D models, onto the real-world
environment. It enhances collaboration, visualization, and
understanding of complex designs in a real-world context.
• Virtual Reality (VR) - VR immerses users into a completely
virtual environment. VR in CAD allows designers to
experience and interact with 3D models at a human scale,
providing a more intuitive understanding of spatial
relationships.
• Cloud-Based CAD Solutions - These solutions leverage cloud
computing to offer advantages such as collaborative design,
real-time updates, accessibility from any device, and
scalable resources for handling complex simulations and
analyses.
Introduction to AutoCAD
An overview of the fundamental concepts and history of AutoCAD.
Introduction to AutoCAD
Get to know the basics of AutoCAD, its versions, and why it's the best choice for creating
impressive 2D and 3D designs. Learn about its features, tools, and the endless possibilities it
offers.

Powerful Features 2D and 3D Design Drafting and

Documentation
AutoCAD offers a range of AutoCAD is designed for
features that make it a both 2D and 3D design, AutoCAD makes it easy to
powerful tool for creating and providing endless create and document precise
editing designs of all scales. possibilities for creating designs for various
innovative and complex industries, from engineering
designs. to architecture.
Overview of
AutoCAD
• AutoCAD, short for Auto (logo of
company) and Computer-Aided
Design, is a powerful software
application designed for 2D and 3D
drafting and design.
• It is widely used by professionals in
various industries to create precise
drawings, models, and visualizations.
• AutoCAD facilitates the automation of
manual drafting tasks, providing
efficiency and accuracy in the design
process.
The Power of AutoCAD
AutoC AD has revolutionized the world of engineering and architecture, enabling
professionals to create accurate and complex designs. E xplore how AutoC AD has
transformed the industry with its vast range of tools and easy-to-use interface.

Transforming Design

AutoC AD's powerful tools help professionals to create perfect designs, with minimal errors.

Better Communication

AutoCAD's 3D modeling and visual graphics have improved communication between

clients and designers, leading to better results!
 1970s 1990s 2010s 2010s 2020s

Inception Introduction Transition Enhanced Current

of 3D to 3D Developme
Modelling Subscription Capabilities nts
Model and BIM
(Building
Information
Modeling)

Historical
Development
of AutoCAD AutoCAD 360
Becomes
Rise of Cloud AutoCAD
Industry- Integration Web and
Early Specific and AutoCAD
Versions Verticals Collaboration Mobile App

1980s 2000s 2010s 2018

AutoCAD
Version History
Vertical Integration
• Autodesk has created vertical products or industry-specific
versions of AutoCAD to cater to the unique needs of
different professional sectors. These specialized versions
are often referred to as "verticals" or "vertical applications.
• Vertical integration in AutoCAD involves extending the
software's capabilities to meet the requirements of specific
industries, such as architecture, civil engineering, electrical
design, and more. These vertical applications are built on
the AutoCAD platform and provide industry-specific tools,
workflows, and features that enhance productivity and
efficiency in those particular fields.
AutoCAD Verticals
• Advance Steel
• AutoCAD
Architecture
• AutoCAD Electrical
• AutoCAD Map 3D
• AutoCAD
Mechanical
• AutoCAD MEP
• AutoCAD Plant 3D
• Autodesk Civil 3D
Variants
• AutoCAD LT is the lower-cost version of AutoCAD, with reduced capabilities, first released in November
1993. Autodesk developed AutoCAD LT to have an entry-level CAD package to compete in the lower
price level. It lacks the ability to create, visualize and render 3D models as well as 3D printing, cannot
be used on multiple machines over a network, and does not support customization with LISP, ARX, .NET
and VBA.
• AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web (formerly AutoCAD WS and AutoCAD 360) is an account-based
mobile and web application enabling registered users to view, edit, and share AutoCAD files via mobile
device and web using a limited AutoCAD feature set — and using cloud-stored drawing files. The
program uses a freemium business model with a free plan and two paid levels, including various
amounts of storage, tools, and online access to drawings. 360 includes new features such as a "Smart
Pen" mode and linking to third-party cloud-based storage such as Dropbox. AutoCAD Web uses HTML5
browser technology available in newer browsers including Firefox and Google Chrome.
• AutoCAD is licensed, for free, to students, educators, and educational institutions, with a 12-month
renewable license available. Licenses acquired before March 25, 2020 were a 36-month license, with
its last renovation on March 24, 2020. The student version of AutoCAD is functionally identical to the
full commercial version, with one exception: DWG files created or edited by a student version have an
internal bit-flag set (the "educational flag"). When such a DWG file is printed by any version of
AutoCAD (commercial or student) older than AutoCAD 2014 SP1 or AutoCAD 2019 and newer, the
output includes a plot stamp/banner on all four sides. Objects created in the Student Version cannot
be used for commercial use. Student Version objects "infect" a commercial version DWG file if they are
imported in versions older than AutoCAD 2015 or newer than AutoCAD 2018.
Installation of Educational Version of AutoCAD
Create an Autodesk Account
Access the Education Community (https://www.autodesk.com/education/home)
Select AutoCAD
Choose the Version and Platform
Download AutoCAD
Run the Installer
Accept License Agreement
Choose Installation Type
Enter Serial Number (if required)
Choose Installation Location
Wait for Installation to Complete
Launch AutoCAD
Sign In with Your Autodesk Account
Complete the Activation Process
Start Using AutoCAD
 Launching AutoCAD
• Access the Start Menu (Windows) or Applications Folder (Mac) - On Windows, click the "Start" button, and in the search bar, type
"AutoCAD" to locate the program. On Mac, open the "Applications" folder.
• Locate the AutoCAD Icon - Look for the AutoCAD icon in the list of installed programs or applications.
• Double-Click the AutoCAD Icon - Double-click on the AutoCAD icon to launch the application.
• Wait for AutoCAD to Open - AutoCAD may take a moment to initialize. Be patient and wait for the program to open.
• Autodesk Sign-In (Optional) - If you have an Autodesk account, you may be prompted to sign in. This step is often optional but
provides access to additional features and cloud services.
• Select a Workspace (Optional) - AutoCAD may prompt you to choose a workspace. Workspaces are predefined setups of toolbars and
menus. You can choose the default or select a specific workspace based on your preference or industry.
• Explore the AutoCAD Interface - Once AutoCAD is launched, take a moment to explore the user interface. Familiarize yourself with
elements such as the Ribbon, Menu Bar, Command Line, and Drawing Area.
• Create a New Drawing (Optional) - You can start a new drawing by selecting "New" from the "File" menu or using the NEW command.
Choose a template or start from scratch.
• Begin Drawing - Start drawing using the available tools. Use commands like LINE, CIRCLE, and RECTANGLE to create basic geometry.
• Save Your Work - Save your drawing using the SAVE or SAVEAS command. Choose a location on your computer to store the drawing
file.
• Exit AutoCAD - When you're done working in AutoCAD, you can exit the program. Use the EXIT command or close the application
window.
 User Interface Overview
• Title Bar - Displays the name of the drawing file and the AutoCAD version. Includes options for file-
related actions like opening, saving, and plotting.
• Application Menu Bar - Contains menus for accessing a wide range of commands and settings. Common
menus include File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, and Window.
• Ribbon - Introduced in newer versions, the Ribbon organizes tools into tabs and panels. Provides a
visually organized set of commands related to drawing and drafting tasks.
• Quick Access Toolbar - Located above the Ribbon, it allows users to customize and access frequently used
commands.
• Command Line - Enables users to enter commands directly using text. Displays prompts and options for
the current command.
• Drawing Area - The central part of the screen where you create and edit your drawing. The grid, snap,
and ortho settings help in precise drawing.
• Model tab - Used for creating and editing the main drawing.
• Layout tabs - Provide layouts for plotting or creating multiple views.
• ViewCube - A visual aid for orienting and navigating the 3D model.
 User Interface Overview
• Navigation Bar - Offers tools for navigation, including pan, zoom, and orbit.
• Status Bar - Displays information about the drawing, such as coordinates, snap mode, and current layer.
Provides toggles for various modes like ortho, polar, and object snap.
• Palettes - Floating or docked windows that provide additional tools and settings. Common palettes
include Properties, DesignCenter, and Tool Palettes.
• Toolbars - Collections of icons representing commands. Older versions of AutoCAD used toolbars
extensively, while newer versions focus more on the Ribbon.
• Command Window - Displays command prompts and options. Users can type commands directly,
enhancing efficiency.
• Dynamic Input - Provides a command entry interface near the cursor, allowing for dynamic input of
values.
• InfoCenter - Offers access to help and documentation resources.
• Drawing Tabs - Display open drawing files for easy navigation between multiple drawings.
• Viewport Controls - Found in layouts, these controls help manage viewports for plotting and layout
design.
 Title
Toolbar Ribbon InfoCenter
bar
Viewport Quick Drawing
control access tab
ViewCube
toolbar
Drawing window
Application Navigation
menu bar

Model Layout Command Status

Cursor line bar
tab tab

UCS
icon
Mastering AutoCAD

AutoCAD is a powerful computer-aided design (CAD) software used by architects,

engineers, and designers across a wide range of industries. Mastering AutoCAD
opens up a world of possibilities, allowing you to create detailed 2D drawings, 3D
models, and complex technical designs with precision and efficiency. This
comprehensive guide will take you on a journey through the essential features and
advanced techniques of AutoCAD, equipping you with the skills and knowledge to
become an expert in this industry-leading design tool.
User Interface and Navigation
Customizable Workspace Intuitive Navigation Seamless Workflows

Familiarize yourself with the AutoCAD user Master the art of navigating through your Discover how to integrate AutoCAD with
user interface, which offers a highly your designs with ease, using keyboard with other design software, such as
customizable workspace. Arrange and keyboard shortcuts, scroll wheels, and SketchUp, Revit, and 3ds Max, creating a
organize the various toolbars, palettes, and intuitive pan and zoom controls. Quickly creating a seamless workflow that allows
palettes, and panels to suit your preferred Quickly move around your drawings and 3D allows you to move between different tools
preferred workflow and design needs. and 3D models to focus on specific areas or tools and platforms with ease.
areas or get a bird's-eye view of the entire
entire project.
Drawing Setup and Coordinate Systems
Systems
1 Drawing Setup
Understand the importance of properly setting up your AutoCAD drawing, including configuring
the units, scales, and drawing limits to ensure your designs are accurately represented and
optimized for specific project requirements.

2 Coordinate Systems
Explore the various coordinate systems available in AutoCAD, including the World Coordinate
Coordinate System (WCS) and User Coordinate System (UCS). Learn how to manipulate and
manipulate and switch between these systems to achieve the desired orientation and
and perspective for your designs.

3 Reference Points
Discover the power of using reference points, such as the origin, endpoints, and midpoints, to
midpoints, to precisely position and align your drawing elements. Mastering these techniques
techniques will greatly improve the accuracy and efficiency of your AutoCAD workflows.
workflows.
2D Drafting Tools and Techniques

1 Line, Circle, and Polygon 2 Editing Commands

Utilize the fundamental 2D drawing Master the array of editing commands,
drawing tools to create basic commands, such as Move, Copy,
geometric shapes and lines, laying the Rotate, and Scale, to precisely
laying the foundation for more manipulate your drawing elements and
complex designs. elements and refine your designs.

3 Precision Techniques 4 Annotations and Dimensions

Explore advanced techniques,
Dimensions
including the use of object snaps, Learn how to add text, dimensions,
running object snaps, and object dimensions, and other annotations to
tracking, to ensure your drawings annotations to your drawings,
maintain accurate dimensions and enhancing the clarity and
and alignments. communication of your designs.
Advanced 2D Drawing Commands
Polyline Hatching and Gradients
Unlock the versatility of the Polyline tool, which allows you to create complex Enhance your drawings with the use of hatch patterns and gradient fills, adding
complex shapes and paths with a single command, simplifying the creation of depth, texture, and visual interest to your designs.
creation of architectural elements, mechanical parts, and more.

Splines and Curves Blocks and Symbols

Explore the power of spline and curve commands, which enable you to create Discover how to create and utilize custom blocks and symbols, streamlining
to create smooth, organic shapes and flowing lines, perfect for industrial streamlining your design process and ensuring consistency across your
industrial design, product development, and creative projects. your drawings.
Precision Techniques
Object Snaps
Leverage the power of object snaps to accurately position and align your
align your drawing elements, ensuring precise and reliable designs.
designs.

Object Tracking
Utilize object tracking to quickly and efficiently create relationships
relationships between drawing objects, streamlining the design process
process and maintaining consistent dimensions.

Coordinate Entry
Discover the advantages of direct coordinate entry, enabling you to input
you to input precise numerical values to position and scale your drawing
drawing elements with unparalleled accuracy.
3D Modeling Fundamentals

Primitives Extrusion Rotation and Viewports and Navigation

Transformation Navigation
Start your 3D modeling journey Explore the extrusion command,
journey by mastering the command, which allows you to Learn how to manipulate your Develop proficiency in navigating
creation of basic 3D primitives, to convert 2D shapes into 3D your 3D models using advanced navigating and manipulating 3D
primitives, such as boxes, 3D solids, opening up a world of advanced commands like Rotate, 3D viewports, allowing you to
spheres, and cylinders, which world of possibilities for creating Rotate, Move, and Scale, to explore your models from
which serve as the building creating realistic, three- enabling you to fine-tune your various perspectives and gain a
blocks for more complex models. dimensional designs. your designs and achieve the gain a comprehensive
models. the desired form and understanding of your designs.
proportions. designs.
Advanced 3D Drawing Commands
Surfaces and NURBS Mesh Modeling Boolean Operations

Delve into the world of surface modeling Explore the versatility of mesh modeling, Harness the power of Boolean operations,
modeling and NURBS (Non-Uniform modeling, which allows you to create operations, such as Union, Subtract, and
Rational B-Splines), which enable you to detailed, high-resolution 3D models and Intersect, to combine, manipulate, and
to create organic, freeform shapes and suitable for a wide range of applications, manipulate, and refine your 3D models,
and intricate 3D designs with unparalleled applications, from product design to 3D models, unlocking endless possibilities for
unparalleled precision and control. 3D printing. possibilities for complex and innovative
innovative designs.
Working with Layers and Blocks
Layers 1
Understand the importance of effective layer management, allowing you to
organize your drawings, control visibility, and maintain a clear and structured
design environment. 2 Blocks
Discover the power of blocks, which enable you to create reusable design
design elements, improve consistency, and streamline your workflows,
Dynamic Blocks 3 workflows, ultimately increasing your productivity and efficiency.
Explore the advanced capabilities of dynamic blocks, which offer customizable
customizable parameters and intelligent behaviors, allowing you to create
create flexible, adaptable design components that can be easily modified and
modified and deployed across multiple projects.
Customizing AutoCAD for Productivity
Keyboard Shortcuts Custom Toolbars and Palettes
Unlock the power of keyboard shortcuts to streamline your Personalize your AutoCAD experience by creating custom
your design process and access frequently used commands with toolbars, palettes, and workspaces tailored to your specific needs
commands with lightning-fast efficiency, freeing up your hands to and preferences, ensuring your most-used tools and commands
hands to focus on the creative aspects of your work. are always within reach.

Macros and Scripts Customization and Plugins

Explore the world of AutoCAD macros and scripts, which allow Dive into the extensive customization options available in
allow you to automate repetitive tasks, streamline complex AutoCAD, including the ability to install third-party plugins and
complex workflows, and boost your overall productivity, freeing plugins and applications, further extending the software's
freeing up valuable time for more strategic and creative software's capabilities to meet your unique design requirements
endeavors. requirements and preferences.
 Customizing Workspaces for Efficient Workflow
• Open AutoCAD - Launch AutoCAD and open a drawing or start a new one.
• Access the Workspace Switching Menu - In the upper-left corner of the AutoCAD window, find the
workspace switching menu. It's typically labelled with the current workspace name.
• Choose a Workspace - Initially, AutoCAD may be set to a default workspace like "Drafting & Annotation" or
"3D Basics." Click on the workspace name to reveal a dropdown menu with various predefined
workspaces.
• Customize the Workspace - To create a custom workspace or modify an existing one, choose "Customize
Workspace" or a similar option from the menu.
• Customize the Ribbon - In the "Customize Workspace" dialog or similar interface, you can customize the
Ribbon by adding, removing, or rearranging panels and tools. This is where you can access commonly
used commands.
• Customize Toolbars - If you prefer using toolbars, you can customize their content and arrangement. Right-
click on any toolbar area to access the context menu for customization options.
• Adjust Palettes - Customize or add palettes (such as Properties or DesignCenter) for quick access to
specific tools or information. Palettes can be docked or floated on the screen.
 Customizing Workspaces for Efficient Workflow
• Set Keyboard Shortcuts - Access the "Customize User Interface" (CUI) dialog to create or modify keyboard
shortcuts for frequently used commands. Assigning keyboard shortcuts can significantly speed up your
workflow.
• Save Your Custom Workspace - Once you've made the desired changes, save your custom workspace. This
ensures that your modifications are retained for future sessions.
• Switch Between Workspaces - After saving your custom workspace, you can easily switch between
workspaces using the workspace switching menu. This allows you to adapt the interface to different tasks
or workflows.
• Export and Share Custom Workspaces (Optional) - If you want to use your custom workspace on another
computer, you can export it and share the configuration file. This is especially useful for maintaining a
consistent setup across multiple workstations.
• Review and Refine - Regularly review your workspace setup to ensure it aligns with your evolving
workflow. Refine and make adjustments as needed.
• Explore Additional Customization Options - AutoCAD offers extensive customization options beyond the
basic interface, including plot styles, linetypes, and template files. Explore these options to further tailor
AutoCAD to your needs.
Drafting & Annotation
Workspace
3D Basics Workspace
3D Modelling Workspace
Learning Guide
AutoCAD 2D Learning Guide
• Introduction to AutoCAD 2D • Layer Management
➢ Overview of AutoCAD and its Applications ➢ Creating and Managing Layers
➢ Importance of 2D Design in Various Industries ➢ Layer Properties and Overrides
• Getting Started with AutoCAD ➢ Layer Filters and States
➢ Installation and System Requirements • Annotation and Text
➢ User Interface Overview ➢ Adding Text to Drawings
➢ Workspace Customization ➢ Creating and Editing Multiline Text
• Basic Drawing Commands ➢ Dimensioning Tools and Techniques
➢ Lines and Polylines ➢ Leaders and Annotations
➢ Circles and Arcs • Object Snapping and Precision Tools
➢ Rectangles and Polygons ➢ Object Snapping Modes
➢ Ellipses and Splines ➢ Polar Tracking and Object Tracking
• Editing and Modifying Techniques ➢ Grips Editing for Precision
➢ Move, Copy, Rotate, and Scale Commands • Advanced Drawing Tools
➢ Mirror and Offset Tools ➢ Hatching and Gradients
➢ Trim and Extend Functions ➢ Regions and Boundaries
➢ Explode and Join Commands ➢ Drawing Templates for Consistency
AutoCAD 2D Learning Guide
• External References (Xrefs) • Collaboration and Cloud Integration
➢ Attaching and Detaching Xrefs ➢ AutoCAD 360 and Web App Features
➢ Managing Xrefs and Path Options ➢ Collaborative Workflows
➢ Overlay vs. Attach ➢ Sharing and Publishing Drawings
• Advanced Editing Techniques • Troubleshooting and Tips
➢ Advanced Copy and Array Commands ➢ Common Issues and Solutions
➢ Editing with Grips ➢ Productivity Tips for Efficient Drawing
➢ Fillet and Chamfer Functions • Practical Projects and Exercises
• Plotting and Printing ➢ Applying Skills to Real-world Projects
➢ Setting Up Layouts and Viewports ➢ Building a Portfolio
➢ Plot Styles and Plotting Options ➢ Feedback and Review Sessions
➢ Batch Plotting
• Customization and Shortcuts
➢ Workspace Customization
➢ Creating Custom Tool Palettes
➢ Command Aliases and Shortcuts
AutoCAD 3D Learning Guide
• Introduction to AutoCAD 3D • Editing and Modifying 3D Objects
➢ Overview of AutoCAD's 3D Capabilities ➢ 3D Move, Copy, Rotate, and Scale
➢ Applications of 3D Design in Various Industries ➢ Mirror and Array in 3D
• Getting Started with AutoCAD 3D ➢ Boolean Operations for 3D Editing
➢ Installation and System Requirements • Advanced 3D Modeling Techniques
➢ Introduction to the 3D Workspace ➢ Filleting and Chamfering in 3D
➢ Navigation and Viewport Controls in 3D ➢ Creating Complex 3D Solids
• Basic 3D Modeling Concepts ➢ Using Parametric Modeling in 3D
➢ Understanding 3D Coordinates • Materials and Rendering
➢ Creating Basic 3D Shapes: Cubes, Spheres, ➢ Applying Materials to 3D Objects
Cylinders
➢ Basic Rendering Settings
➢ Wireframe, Surface, and Solid Modeling
➢ Ray Tracing and Realistic Renderings
• Creating 3D Objects
• Lights and Cameras in 3D
➢ Extruding and Sweeping Profiles
➢ Placing Lights for Illumination
➢ Revolving Profiles for 3D Shapes
➢ Camera Views and Perspectives
➢ Lofting and Lofted Surfaces
➢ Adjusting Visual Styles
`AutoCAD 3D Learning Guide
• Creating 3D Mesh Objects • Animation and Visualization
➢ Introduction to Mesh Modeling ➢ Creating Basic Animations
➢ Editing and Refining Meshes ➢ Exporting 3D Models for Presentation
➢ Converting Meshes to Solids ➢ Virtual Walkthroughs and Flyovers
• Sections, Elevations, and 2D Views from 3D Models • Troubleshooting and Tips
➢ Generating Sections and Elevations ➢ Common 3D Modeling Issues and Solutions
➢ Creating 2D Views from 3D Models ➢ Productivity Tips for Efficient 3D Design
➢ Annotating 3D Drawings • XV. Practical 3D Projects and Exercises
• Managing 3D Space ➢ Applying 3D Modeling Skills to Real-world
Projects
➢ UCS (User Coordinate System) in 3D
➢ Building a 3D Design Portfolio
➢ Isometric Drafting and Viewports
➢ Feedback and Review Sessions
➢ Working with Multiple 3D Models
• Collaborative 3D Workflows
➢ Xrefs in 3D: Attaching External References
➢ Collaborating on 3D Projects
➢ Cloud Integration and 3D Design Collaboration
Shortcuts Guide
 One Key
Shortcuts
 Toggles &
Screen
Management
Hot Keys
Hot Keys
Hot Keys
Hot Keys
Hot Keys
Hot Keys
Hot Keys
Training Materials
AutoCAD Training
Documents
• AutoCAD 3D Modeling – Exercise Workbook by Steve Heather
• AutoCAD 2022 3D Modeling by Munir Hamad
• AutoCAD 2022 Beginning and Intermediate by Munir Hamad
• AutoCAD 2022 Beginners Guide by Amit Bhatt
• Autodesk AutoCAD 2022 Learn CAD With Ease (For Beginners)
by Madhumita Kshisagar
• Beginning AutoCAD 2021 – Exercise Workbook for Windows
by Cheryl R. Shrock & Steve Heather
• Engineering Graphics Essentials with AutoCAD 2022
Instruction: Text and Video Instruction by Kirstie Plantenberg
• Learn about AutoCAD – An Introduction to AutoCAD for
Beginners by Autodesk
AutoCAD Training
Videos

• AutoCAD for Beginners - Full University Course by

freeCodeCamp.org
• CAD in Bank Complete Tutorials channel by CAD in
black
• CAD, CAM, CAE and Engineering Videos channel by
SourceCAD
• Free CAD CAM Online Training channel by CAD CAM
Tutorials
Help
Recommended Settings for Industrial
Drawing Production
1.2 Drawing Quality Audit
The following tables outline various recommended formats for draughting, plotting
and printouts preparation for submission. This manner in which the parameter was
presented assumes that the AutoCAD medium was adopted for the process of
drawing preparation. Should manual process be adopted, the readers are directed to
the line style and thickness, text style and height, and dimension style specifications
for relevancy.

Recommended Plot Pen Settings

No. Colour Colour Index Line Weight
1 Red 1 0.5
2 Yellow 2 0.35
3 Green 3 0.3
4 Cyan 4 0.25
5 Blue 5 0.4
6 Magenta 6 0.6
7 White 7 0.2
8 Dark grey 8 0.15
9 Light grey 9 0.1
10 Miscellaneous 10-255 User defined
 Recommended Infrastructural Drawing Colour Scheme for Submission
(L=Layout, S=Specific details and T=Typical details)
No. Objects Apply to Apply as Colour Colour
Index
Earthworks/Geotechnical Drawings
1 Lot boundary L,S Profile Red 1
2 Earth/Soil T Spatial Brown 11
3 Earth drain L,T Outline Light blue 150
4 Silt trap basin L,T Spatial Light blue 150
5 Wash-tyre basin L,T Spatial Orange 40
6 Proposed level S Profile Red 10
7 Existing level S Profile Orange 30
8 Cut L,S Spatial Red 10
9 Fill L,S Spatial Light green 60
Road and Drainage Drawings
1 Retained soil S,T Spatial Brown 11
(Retaining wall)
2 Ground level S,T Profile Orange 40
3 Drain L,S Profile Blue 160/170
4 Culvert L,S Profile Light green 70
5 Pile (Bakau) T Spatial Brown 11
 Internal Sanitary and External Sewerage Drawings
1 Lot boundary L,S Profile Blue 5
2 Proposed sewer L,S,T Spatial Red 10
manhole
3 Existing sewer L,S Spatial Black 8/250
manhole
4 Ground level S,T Profile Blue 1
5 Approved sand S,T Spatial Yellow 51
6 Selected backfill S,T Spatial Light brown 31
7 Compacted backfill S,T Spatial Brown 11
8 Manhole cover – T Spatial Red 1
Embossed logo
9 Manhole cover – T Spatial Orange 20
Plate
10 Manhole cover – T Spatial Green 3/70
Supporting base
11 Soil pipe L,S Profile Red 1
12 Waste pipe L,S Profile Yellow 2/51
13 Gully trap L,S,T Spatial Yellow 2/51
Internal and External Water Supply Drawings
1 Lot boundary L,S Profile Purple 200
2 Earth/Soil T Spatial Brown 11
3 Existing pipe L,S Profile Blue 180
4 Proposed pipe and L,S Profile Red 1
riser
5 Dropper L,S Profile Dark green 3
6 Overflow and scour L,S,T Profile Orange 40
pipes
7 Water tank L,S,T Spatial Light green 70
8 Water meter T Spatial Red 1
9 Pipe T Profile Red 1
10 Concrete T Spatial Light green 70
11 Hydrant T Spatial Yellow 51
12 Symbol L,S Spatial Purple 200
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
1. Structural Drawings (1/4)
1.1 Layout plan – A0/ 1:1250/
Beam, slab and A1/ 1:1000/
column/wall A2/ 1:750/
floor layout A3 1:600/
1:500
1.1.1  Grid – Line 1:400/ 0.15 Centre
1:375/ [Dark grey (8)]
1.1.2  Grid – 1:300/ 0.2 Continu 0.5 3.5×
Circle, ext. 1:250/ [White (7)] ous [Red (1)]
& ref. 1:225/
1.1.3  Grid – 1:200/ 0.2 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
Dimen0073i 1:150/ [White (7) ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
on/ Leader 1:125/ (Cgst.)
1.1.4  Col./Wall/ 1:100 0.5 Continu 0.5 3.0×
Stump & [Red (1)] ous/ [Red (1)]
ref. Dashed
1.1.5  Exposed 0.3 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
form/edge & [Green (3)]/ ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
ref. 0.25 (Cgst.)
[Cyan (4)]
1.1.6  Concealed 0.3 Dashed 0.35 2.5×/
form/edge & [Green (3)]/ [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
ref. 0.25 (Cgst.)
[Cyan (4)]
1.1.7  Dimension/ 0.2 Continu 0.35 2.0×/
Leader [White (7) ous [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
(Cgst.)
1.1.8  Title – 0.5 6.0×
Specific [Red (1)]
1.1.9  Title – 0.6 8.0×
Generic [Magenta (6)]
1.1.1  Notes – 0.35 2.5×/
0 Specific [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
(Cgst.)
1.1.1  Notes – 0.35 3.0×
1 Generic [Yellow (2)]
1.1.1  Section line 0.4 Continu 0.4 3.5×/
2 & ref. [Blue (5)] ous [Blue (5)] 3.0×
1.1.1  Table/ 0.3 Continu
3 Schedule - [Green (3)] ous
Outline
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
1. Structural Drawings (2/4)
1.1.1  Table/ - - Ditto - 0.15 Contino
4 Schedule - Ditto [Dark grey (8)] us/
Projection - Dashed
line
1.1.1  Table/ 0.5 6.0×
5 Schedule - [Red (1)]
Heading
1.1.1  Table/ 0.5 5.0×
6 Schedule - [Red (1)]
Sub-
heading
1.1.1  Table/ 0.35 4.0×
7 Schedule - [Yellow (2)]
Content
1.1.1  Secondary 0.1 Various 0.1 Various
8 objects e.g. [Light grey (9)] [Light grey (9)]
architect's,
M&E's, etc.
1.2 Layout plan – A0/ 1:1250/
Slab details A1/ 1:1000/
A2/ 1:750/
1.2.1  Item 1.1.1 A3 1:600/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 1.1.18
1:500
1.2.2  Reinf. – 1:400/ 0.5 Continu 0.35 2.0×/
Rebar & ref. 1:375/ [Red (1)] ous [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
1:300/ (Cgst.)
1.2.3  Reinf. – 1:250/ 0.35 Continu 0.35 2.0×/
Links & ref. 1:225/ [Yellow (2)] ous [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
1:200/ (Cgst.)
1:150/
1.2.4  Reinf. – 1:125/ 0.3 Dashed 0.35 2.0×/
Wire mesh 1:100 [Green (3)] [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
& ref. (Cgst.)
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
1. Structural Drawings (3/4)
1.3 Layout plan – A0/ 1:1250/
Foundation A1/ 1:1000/
layout A2/ 1:750/
A3 1:600/
1.3.1  Item 1.1.1 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
1:500
to 1.1.18 1:400/
1.3.2  Fdn. & ref. 1:375/ 0.3 Continu 0.5 3.0×
1:300/ [Green (3)] ous/ [Red (1)]
1:250/ Dashed
1:225/
1:200/
1:150/
1:125/
1:100
1.4 Specific details A1/ 1:75/
plan – Beam A2/ 1:50/
details A3/ 1:30/
A4 1:25/
1.4.1  Item 1.1.1 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
1:20/
to 1.1.18 1:10/
1.4.2  Item 1.2.2 1:5/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 1.2.4 1:1
1.5 Specific details A1/ 1:75/
plan – Slab A2/ 1:50/
sections A3/ 1:30/
A4 1:25/
1.5.1  Item 1.1.1 1:20/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto – - Ditto -
to 1.1.18
1:10/
1.5.2  Item 1.2.2 1:5/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 1.2.4 1:1
1.6 Specific details A1/ 1:75/
plan – Staircase A2/ 1:50/
details A3/ 1:30/
A4 1:25/
1.6.1  Item 1.1.1 1:20/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 1.1.18
1:10/
1.6.2  Item 1.2.2 1:5/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 1.2.4 1:1
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
1. Structural Drawings (4/4)
1.7 Specific details A1/ 1:75/
plan – A2/ 1:50/
Column/wall A3/ 1:30/
schedule A4 1:25/
1:20/
1.7.1  Item 1.1.1 1:10/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 1.1.18 1:5/
1.7.2  Item 1.2.2 1:1 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 1.2.4
1.8 Specific details A1/ 1:75/
plan – A2/ 1:50/
Foundation A3/ 1:30/
details A4 1:25/
1:20/
1.8.1  Item 1.1.1 1:10/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 1.1.18
1:5/
1.8.2  Item 1.2.2 1:1 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 1.2.4
1.9 Typical details A1/ 1:75/
plan A2/ 1:50/
A3/ 1:30/
1.9.1  Item 1.1.1 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto – - Ditto -
A4 1:25/
to 1.1.18 1:20/
1.9.2  Item 1.2.2 1:10/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 1.2.4 1:5/
1:1
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
2. Earthworks/Geotechnical Drawings (1/3)
2.1 Layout plan – A0/ 1:1250/
Earthworks A1/ 1:1000/
layout A2/ 1:750/
A3 1:600/
2.1.1  Key & 0.5 85-90 0.35 2.5×/
1:500
location 1:400/ [Red (1)] [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
plans – 1:375/ (Cgst.)
Project spot
1:300/
& ref. 1:250/
2.1.2  Key & 1:225/ 0.15 Various 0.15 Various
location 1:200/ [Dark grey (8)] [Dark grey (8)]
plans – 1:150/
Others & 1:125/
ref. 1:100
2.1.3  Project 0.5 Continu
boundary [Red (1)] ous
2.1.4  Cut & fill – 0.5 Continu
Outline [Red (1)] ous
2.1.5  Cut & fill – Various 85-90
Space
2.1.6  Earthworks 0.25 Various 0.35 3.0×
fixtures e.g. [Cyan (4)] [Yellow (2)]
silt trap
basin, earth
drain, dam,
wash-tyre
basin,
slope,
fencing, etc.
& ref.
2.1.7  Dimension/ 0.2 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
Leader [White (7) ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
(Cgst.)
2.1.8  Title – 0.5 6.0×
Specific [Red (1)]
2.1.9  Title – 0.6 8.0×
Generic [Magenta (6)]
2.1.10  Notes – 0.35 2.5×/
Specific [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
(Cgst.)
2.1.11  Notes – 0.35 3.0×
Generic [Yellow (2)]
2.1.1  Section line 0.4 Continu 0.4 3.5×/
2 & ref. [Blue (5)] ous [Blue (5)] 3.0×
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
2. Earthworks/Geotechnical Drawings (2/3)
2.1.1  Secondary - - Ditto - 0.1 Various 0.1 Various
3 objects e.g. Ditto [Light grey (9)] [Light grey (9)]
architect’s, -
M&E’s, etc.
2.2 Specific details A1/ 1:75/
plan – A2/ 1:50/
Earthworks A3/ 1:30/
sections A4 1:25/
1:20/
2.2.1  Item 2.1.7 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
1:10/
to 2.1.13
1:5/
2.2.2  Project 1:1 0.5 Centre 0.5 4.0×
boundary [Red (1)] [Red (1)]
2.2.3  Proposed 0.5 Continu
profile [Red (1)] ous
2.2.4  Existing/ 0.25 Continu
Assoc. [Cyan (4)] ous/
profile Dashed
2.2.5  Cut & fill – Various 85-90
Space
2.2.6  Table/ 0.3 Continu
Schedule – [Green (3)] ous
Outline
2.2.7  Table/ 0.15 Contino
Schedule – [Dark grey (8)] us/
Projection Dashed
line
2.2.8  Table/ 0.5 6.0×
Schedule – [Red (1)]
Heading
2.2.9  Table/ 0.5 5.0×
Schedule – [Red (1)]
Sub-
heading
2.2.1  Table/ 0.35 4.0×
0 Schedule – [Yellow (2)]
Content
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
2. Earthworks/Geotechnical Drawings (3/3)
2.3 Typical details A1/ 1:75/
plan A2/ 1:50/
A3/ 1:30/
2.3.1  Item 2.1.7 A4 1:25/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 2.1.13
1:20/
2.3.2  Item 2.2.6 1:10/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 2.2.10 1:5/
2.3.3  Exposed 1:1 0.3 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
form/edge & [Green (3)]/0.25 ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
ref. [Cyan (4)] (Cgst.)
2.3.4  Concealed 0.3 Dashed 0.35 2.5×/
form/edge & [Green (3)]/0.25 [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
ref. [Cyan (4)] (Cgst.)
2.3.5  Reinf. – 0.5 Continu 0.35 2.0×/
Rebar & ref. [Red (1)] ous [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
(Cgst.)
2.3.6  Reinf. – 0.35 Continu 0.35 2.0×/
Links & ref. [Yellow (2)] ous [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
(Cgst.)
2.3.7  Reinf. – 0.3 Dashed 0.35 2.0×/
Wire mesh [Green (3)] [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
& ref. (Cgst.)
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
3. Road and Drainage Drawings (1/3)
3.1 Layout plan – A0/ 1:1250/
Road and A1/ 1:1000/
drainage layout A2/ 1:750/
A3 1:600/
3.1.1  Key & 0.5 85-90 0.35 2.5×/
1:500
location 1:400/ [Red (1)] [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
plans – 1:375/ (Cgst.)
Project spot
1:300/
& ref. 1:250/
3.1.2  Key & 1:225/ 0.15 Various 0.15 Various
location 1:200/ [Dark grey (8)] [Dark grey (8)]
plans – 1:150/
Others & 1:125/
ref. 1:100
3.1.3  Project 0.5 Continu
boundary [Red (1)] ous
3.1.4  Drain 0.5 Continu 0.35 3.0×
outline & [Red (1)] ous [Yellow (2)]
ref.
3.1.5  Road 0.3 Continu 0.35 3.0×
outline & [Green (3)] ous [Yellow (2)]
ref.
3.1.6  Road & 0.25 Various 0.35 3.0×
drainage [Cyan (4)] [Yellow (2)]
fixtures e.g.
stream,
OSD/ pond,
kerb, sump,
retaining
wall, etc. &
ref.
3.1.7  Dimension/ 0.2 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
Leader [White (7) ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
(Cgst.)
3.1.8  Title – 0.5 6.0×
Specific [Red (1)]
3.1.9  Title – 0.6 8.0×
Generic [Magenta (6)]
3.1.1  Notes – 0.35 2.5×/
0 Specific [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
(Cgst.)
3.1.1  Notes – 0.35 3.0×
1 Generic [Yellow (2)]
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
3. Road and Drainage Drawings (2/3)
3.1.1  Section line - - Ditto - 0.4 Continu 0.4 3.5×/
2 & ref. Ditto [Blue (5)] ous [Blue (5)] 3.0×
-
3.1.1  Secondary 0.1 Various 0.1 Various
3 objects e.g. [Light grey (9)] [Light grey (9)]
architect’s,
M&E’s, etc.
3.2 Specific details A1/ 1:75/
plan – A2/ 1:50/
Road/Drain/ A3/ 1:30/
Stream sections A4 1:25/
1:20/
3.2.1  Item 3.1.7 1:10/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 3.1.13 1:5/
3.2.2  Project 1:1 0.5 Centre 0.5 4.0×
boundary [Red (1)] [Red (1)]
3.2.3  Proposed 0.5 Continu
profile [Red (1)] ous
3.2.4  Existing/ 0.25 Continu
Assoc. [Cyan (4)] ous/
profile Dashed
3.2.5  Table/ 0.3 Continu
Schedule – [Green (3)] ous
Outline
3.2.6  Table/ 0.15 Contino
Schedule – [Dark grey (8)] us/
Projection Dashed
line
3.2.7  Table/ 0.5 6.0×
Schedule – [Red (1)]
Heading
3.2.8  Table/ 0.5 5.0×
Schedule – [Red (1)]
Sub-
heading
3.2.9  Table/ 0.35 4.0×
Schedule – [Yellow (2)]
Content
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
3. Road and Drainage Drawings (3/3)
3.3 Typical details A1/ 1:75/
plan A2/ 1:50/
A3/ 1:30/
3.3.1  Item 3.1.7 A4 1:25/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 3.1.13
1:20/
3.3.2  Item 3.2.5 1:10/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 3.2.9 1:5/
3.3.3  Exposed 1:1 0.3 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
form/edge & [Green (3)]/ ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
ref. 0.25 (Cgst.)
[Cyan (4)]
3.3.4  Concealed 0.25 Dashed 0.35 2.5×/
form/edge & [Cyan (4)] [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
ref. (Cgst.)
3.3.5  Reinf. – 0.5 Continu 0.35 2.0×/
Rebar & ref. [Red (1)] ous [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
(Cgst.)
3.3.6  Reinf. – 0.35 Continu 0.35 2.0×/
Links & ref. [Yellow (2)] ous [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
(Cgst.)
3.3.7  Reinf. – 0.3 Dashed 0.35 2.0×/
Wire mesh [Green (3)] [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
& ref. (Cgst.)
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
4. Internal Sanitary and External Sewerage Drawings (1/3)
4.1 Layout plan – A0/ 1:1250/
External A1/ 1:1000/
sewerage layout A2/ 1:750/
A3 1:600/
4.1.1  Key & 0.5 85-90 0.35 2.5×/
1:500
location 1:400/ [Red (1)] [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
plans – 1:375/ (Cgst.)
Project spot
1:300/
& ref. 1:250/
4.1.2  Key & 1:225/ 0.15 Various 0.15 Various
location 1:200/ [Dark grey (8)] [Dark grey (8)]
plans – 1:150/
Others & 1:125/
ref. 1:100
4.1.3  Project 0.5 Continu
boundary [Red (1)] ous
4.1.4  Sewer pipe 0.6 Continu 0.35 3.0×
& manhole, [Magenta (6)] ous [Yellow (2)]
& ref.
4.1.5  Sanitary 0.5 Continu 0.35 3.0×
pipe & [Red (1)] ous [Yellow (2)]
house
manhole, &
ref.
4.1.6  Sewerage 0.25 Various 0.35 3.0×
fixtures e.g. [Cyan (4)] [Yellow (2)]
ST/STP,
etc. & ref.
4.1.7  Dimension/ 0.2 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
Leader [White (7) ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
(Cgst.)
4.1.8  Title – 0.5 6.0×
Specific [Red (1)]
4.1.9  Title – 0.6 8.0×
Generic [Magenta (6)]
4.1.1  Notes – 0.35 2.5×/
0 Specific [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
(Cgst.)
4.1.1  Notes – 0.35 3.0×
1 Generic [Yellow (2)]
4.1.1  Section line 0.4 Continu 0.4 3.5×/
2 & ref. [Blue (5)] ous [Blue (5)] 3.0×
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
4. Internal Sanitary and External Sewerage Drawings (2/3)
4.1.1  Secondary - - Ditto - 0.1 Various 0.1 Various
3 objects e.g. Ditto [Light grey (9)] [Light grey (9)]
architect’s, -
M&E’s, etc.
4.2 Layout plan – A0/ 1:1250/
Internal sanitary A1/ 1:1000/
layout A2/ 1:750/
A3 1:600/
4.2.1  Item 4.1.4 1:500 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 4.1.13
1:400/
4.2.2  Grid – Line 1:375/ 0.15 Centre
1:300/ [Dark grey (8)]
4.2.3  Grid – 1:250/ 0.2 Continu 0.5 3.5×
Circle, ext. 1:225/ [White (7)] ous [Red (1)]
& ref. 1:200/
4.2.4  Grid – 1:150/ 0.2 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
Dimension/ 1:125/ [White (7) ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
Leader 1:100 (Cgst.)
4.2.5  Sanitary 0.25 Various 0.35 3.0×
fixtures e.g. [Cyan (4)] [Yellow (2)]
WC, basin,
floor trap,
etc.
4.3 Specific details A1/ 1:75/
plan – A2/ 1:50/
Longitudinal A3/ 1:30/
sections of A4 1:25/
public sewer 1:20/
network 1:10/
1:5/
4.3.1  Item 4.1.4 1:1 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 4.1.13
4.3.2  Project 0.5 Centre 0.5 4.0×
boundary [Red (1)] [Red (1)]
4.3.3  Proposed 0.5 Continu
profile [Red (1)] ous
4.3.4  Existing/ 0.25 Continu
Assoc. [Cyan (4)] ous/
profile Dashed
4.3.5  Table/ 0.3 Continu
Schedule – [Green (3)] ous
Outline
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
4. Internal Sanitary and External Sewerage Drawings (3/3)
4.3.6  Table/ - - Ditto - 0.15 Contino
Schedule – Ditto [Dark grey (8)] us/
Projection - Dashed
line
4.3.7  Table/ 0.5 6.0×
Schedule – [Red (1)]
Heading
4.3.8  Table/ 0.5 5.0×
Schedule – [Red (1)]
Sub-
heading
4.3.9  Table/ 0.35 4.0×
Schedule – [Yellow (2)]
Content
4.4 Specific details A1/ 1:75/
plan – Isometric/ A2/ 1:50/
Schematic view A3/ 1:30/
of private A4 1:25/
sanitary network 1:20/
1:10/
4.4.1  Item 4.1.4 1:5/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 4.1.13
1:1
4.4.2  Item 4.2.2 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 4.2.5
4.5 Typical details A1/ 1:75/
plan A2/ 1:50/
A3/ 1:30/
4.5.1  Item 4.1.4 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
A4 1:25/
to 4.1.13 1:20/
4.5.2  Item 4.2.2 1:10/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 4.2.5 1:5/
4.5.3  Exposed 1:1 0.3 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
form/edge & [Green (3)]/ ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
ref. 0.25 (Cgst.)
[Cyan (4)]
4.5.4  Concealed 0.25 Dashed 0.35 2.5×/
form/edge & [Cyan (4)] [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
ref. (Cgst.)
4.5.5  Reinf. – 0.5 Continu 0.35 2.0×/
Rebar & ref. [Red (1)] ous [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
(Cgst.)
4.5.6  Reinf. – 0.35 Continu 0.35 2.0×/
Links & ref. [Yellow (2)] ous [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
(Cgst.)
4.5.7  Reinf. – 0.3 Dashed 0.35 2.0×/
Wire mesh [Green (3)] [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
& ref. (Cgst.)
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
5. Internal and External Water Supply Drawings (1/3)
5.1 Layout plan – A0/ 1:1250/
External water A1/ 1:1000/
supply A2/ 1:750/
A3 1:600/
5.1.1  Key & 0.5 85-90 0.35 2.5×/
1:500
location 1:400/ [Red (1)] [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
plans – 1:375/ (Cgst.)
Project spot
1:300/
& ref. 1:250/
5.1.2  Key & 1:225/ 0.15 Various 0.15 Various
location 1:200/ [Dark grey (8)] [Dark grey (8)]
plans – 1:150/
Others & 1:125/
ref. 1:100
5.1.3  Project 0.5 Continu
boundary [Red (1)] ous
5.1.4  Distribution 0.6 Continu 0.35 3.0×
pipe, & ref. [Magenta (6)] ous [Yellow (2)]
5.1.5  Reticulation 0.5 Continu 0.35 3.0×
pipe, & ref. [Red (1)] ous [Yellow (2)]
5.1.6  Ext. water 0.25 Various 0.35 3.0×
supply [Cyan (4)] [Yellow (2)]
fixtures e.g.
valve,
meter, etc.
& ref.
5.1.7  Dimension/ 0.2 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
Leader [White (7) ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
(Cgst.)
5.1.8  Title – 0.5 6.0×
Specific [Red (1)]
5.1.9  Title – 0.6 8.0×
Generic [Magenta (6)]
5.1.1  Notes – 0.35 2.5×/
0 Specific [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
(Cgst.)
5.1.1  Notes – 0.35 3.0×
1 Generic [Yellow (2)]
5.1.1  Section line 0.4 Continu 0.4 3.5×/
2 & ref. [Blue (5)] ous [Blue (5)] 3.0×
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
5. Internal and External Water Supply Drawings (2/3)
5.1.1  Secondary - - Ditto - 0.1 Various 0.1 Various
3 objects e.g. Ditto [Light grey (9)] [Light grey (9)]
architect’s, -
M&E’s, etc.
5.2 Layout plan – A0/ 1:1250/
Internal water A1/ 1:1000/
supply A2/ 1:750/
A3 1:600/
5.2.1  Item 5.1.4 1:500 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 5.1.13
1:400/
5.2.2  Grid – Line 1:375/ 0.15 Centre
1:300/ [Dark grey (8)]
5.2.3  Grid – 1:250/ 0.2 Continu 0.5 3.5×
Circle, ext. 1:225/ [White (7)] ous [Red (1)]
& ref. 1:200/
5.2.4  Grid – 1:150/ 0.2 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
Dimension/ 1:125/ [White (7) ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
Leader 1:100 (Cgst.)
5.2.5  Int. water 0.25 Various 0.35 3.0×
supply [Cyan (4)] [Yellow (2)]
fixtures e.g.
valve,
meter, tap,
tank, etc.
5.3 Specific details A1/ 1:75/
plan – A2/ 1:50/
Longitudinal A3/ 1:30/
sections of A4 1:25/
public water 1:20/
supply network 1:10/
1:5/
5.3.1  Item 5.1.4 1:1 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 5.1.13
5.3.2  Project 0.5 Centre 0.5 4.0×
boundary [Red (1)] [Red (1)]
5.3.3  Proposed 0.5 Continu
profile [Red (1)] ous
5.3.4  Existing/ 0.25 Continu
Assoc. [Cyan (4)] ous/
profile Dashed
5.3.5  Table/ 0.3 Continu
Schedule – [Green (3)] ous
Outline
 Recommended Object Plot Settings
No. Items Ppr. Plot Line/Symbol Text
Size Scale

Annotation
Screening
Colour

Colour
Style/

Scale
5. Internal and External Water Supply Drawings (3/3)
5.3.6  Table/ - - Ditto - 0.15 Contino
Schedule – Ditto [Dark grey (8)] us/
Projection - Dashed
line
5.3.7  Table/ 0.5 6.0×
Schedule – [Red (1)]
Heading
5.3.8  Table/ 0.5 5.0×
Schedule – [Red (1)]
Sub-
heading
5.3.9  Table/ 0.35 4.0×
Schedule – [Yellow (2)]
Content
5.4 Specific details A1/ 1:75/
plan – Isometric/ A2/ 1:50/
Schematic view A3/ 1:30/
of private water A4 1:25/
supply network 1:20/
1:10/
5.4.1  Item 5.1.4 1:5/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 5.1.13
1:1
5.4.2  Item 5.2.2 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 5.2.5
5.5 Typical details A1/ 1:75/
plan A2/ 1:50/
A3/ 1:30/
5.5.1  Item 5.1.4 - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
A4 1:25/
to 5.1.13 1:20/
5.5.2  Item 5.2.2 1:10/ - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto - - Ditto -
to 5.2.5 1:5/
5.5.3  Exposed 1:1 0.3 Continu 0.35 2.5×/
form/edge & [Green (3)]/ ous [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
ref. 0.25 (Cgst.)
[Cyan (4)]
5.5.4  Concealed 0.25 Dashed 0.35 2.5×/
form/edge & [Cyan (4)] [Yellow (2)] 2.0×
ref. (Cgst.)
5.5.5  Reinf. – 0.5 Continu 0.35 2.0×/
Rebar & ref. [Red (1)] ous [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
(Cgst.)
5.5.6  Reinf. – 0.35 Continu 0.35 2.0×/
Links & ref. [Yellow (2)] ous [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
(Cgst.)
5.5.7  Reinf. – 0.3 Dashed 0.35 2.0×/
Wire mesh [Green (3)] [Yellow (2)] 1.5×
& ref. (Cgst.)
Introduction to Civil 3D

Civil 3D is a powerful computer-aided design (CAD) software developed by

Autodesk for civil engineering professionals. This state-of-the-art tool enables users
to create, visualize, and analyze infrastructure projects with unparalleled precision
and efficiency. From roadways and utilities to land development and site planning,
Civil 3D provides a comprehensive suite of tools to streamline the entire design
workflow.
What is Civil 3D and what can it do?

Powerful Modeling Automated Drafting Intelligent Data Management

Civil 3D allows users to create highly With its robust drafting tools, Civil 3D Civil 3D integrates with various data
detailed 3D models of civil infrastructure, streamlines the creation of construction sources, such as GIS and survey data, to
infrastructure, including terrain, roads, construction documents, including plan to provide a centralized hub for managing
drainage systems, and utilities. These plan views, profiles, and cross-sections. The managing project information. This helps
models can be used for visualization, sections. The software automatically helps ensure data consistency and
analysis, and design optimization. updates these drawings as the design facilitates collaborative workflows.
evolves.
Key features and functionalities

1 Terrain Modeling 2 Alignment Design

Accurately model existing terrain
conditions and generate realistic surface Create and manage complex road, rail, and
representations using advanced surveying rail, and pipe alignments with
and GIS data integration. comprehensive tools for geometric design,
design, superelevation, and corridors.

3 Drainage Systems 4 Visualization and Simulation

Design and analyze storm and sanitary Produce high-quality 3D visualizations and
sanitary sewer networks, including catch visualizations and animations to effectively
catch basins, manholes, and other effectively communicate project designs
drainage infrastructure elements. designs and simulate real-world
conditions.
User interface navigation and workspace
setup

Navigation Workspace Customization

Utilize powerful tools like Panorama, Plan, and
and Profile views to efficiently navigate the 3D Customize the workspace layout and interface to
3D model and access different perspectives of the suit your preferred workflow, enabling quick access
of the design. to frequently used tools and commands.

Data Management Automation

Leverage the Data Shortcuts feature to centralize Automate repetitive tasks and streamline your
centralize and manage project data, facilitating your workflow with powerful features like the
facilitating collaboration and ensuring data IntelliCAD engine and user-defined scripts and
consistency across teams. and macros.
Creating and managing drawing files

1 Drawing Setup
Establish project settings, coordinate systems, and drawing templates to ensure
consistency and efficiency across your design workflow.

2 Data Referencing
Efficiently manage and reference external data sources, such as survey data, GIS
GIS information, and CAD drawings, to maintain a centralized and up-to-date project
date project database.

3 Annotation and Labeling

Leverage Civil 3D's advanced annotation tools to add dimensions, labels, and other
and other important information to your drawings, ensuring clear and comprehensive
comprehensive documentation.
Surface modeling and analysis

Terrain Modeling Volume Calculations

Create highly accurate 3D terrain models by
models by importing and processing survey Accurately calculate earthwork volumes,
survey data, LiDAR scans, and other including cut and fill quantities, to optimize
geospatial information. Perform detailed grading and site preparation activities. Civil
detailed surface analysis to identify 3D's advanced volume analysis tools
potential design challenges and provide valuable insights for cost
opportunities. estimation and construction planning.

Drainage Analysis
Analyze surface drainage patterns and identify potential problem areas using Civil 3D's
3D's powerful hydrology and hydraulics tools. This helps ensure the design of effective
effective stormwater management systems and compliance with regulatory requirements.
requirements.
Design and drafting tools

Alignment Design
Create and manage complex road, rail, and pipe alignments with
comprehensive tools for geometric design, superelevation, and corridors.
corridors.

Grading and Earthwork

Efficiently design grading plans, perform cut and fill analysis, and optimize
optimize earthwork quantities to ensure cost-effective site preparation and
preparation and development.

Pipe and Structure Design

Design and analyze storm and sanitary sewer networks, including catch
catch basins, manholes, and other drainage infrastructure elements.
elements.
Real-world applications and case
studies

Transportation Roadways, highways, bridges, and railways

railways

Land Development Residential, commercial, and mixed-use

projects

Utilities Water, sewer, and storm drainage systems

Environmental Stormwater management, erosion control, and

control, and ecological restoration

Civil 3D has been successfully deployed in a wide range of civil engineering projects, from large-scale
infrastructure development to small-site improvements. By streamlining the design process, improving
coordination, and enhancing visualization, Civil 3D has enabled engineers and designers to deliver high-
quality, cost-effective projects that meet the evolving needs of communities around the world.
Installation of Educational Version of Civil 3D
Create an Autodesk Account
Access the Education Community (https://www.autodesk.com/education/home)
Select AutoCAD
Choose the Version and Platform
Download Civil 3D
Run the Installer
Accept License Agreement
Choose Installation Type
Enter Serial Number (if required)
Choose Installation Location
Wait for Installation to Complete
Launch AutoCAD
Sign In with Your Autodesk Account
Complete the Activation Process
Start Using Civil 3D
 Launching Civil 3D
• Locate the Civil 3D icon - It might be on your desktop or in your Start Menu (Windows) or Applications folder (Mac). The icon typically
features a road with a surveying target. Double-click this icon to start the program.
• Wait for Civil 3D to load - Civil 3D is a complex program, so it might take a little time to start up. Be patient and let it fully load.
• Sign in to your Autodesk account (optional) - If you have an Autodesk account, you can sign in to access cloud storage, collaboration
features, and other online services. If you prefer to work offline or don't have an account, look for an option like "Work Offline" or
"Use Civil 3D without signing in.“
• Choose a workspace - Civil 3D offers different workspaces that tailor the interface to specific tasks. Common options include
"Planning and Analysis" for site design and terrain modeling, and "Roadway Design" for road alignments and corridors. You can
usually switch workspaces later from the menu.
• Create a new drawing or open an existing one - To start a new project, click "New" and choose a template with the right units and
settings. To continue working on an existing project, click "Open" and select your Civil 3D drawing (DWG file).
• Familiarize yourself with the interface - The Prospector tab helps you manage project elements like alignments, profiles, corridors,
surfaces, and pipe networks. Tool palettes provide quick access to commands for creating and editing these elements.
• Configure essential settings - Use the "Settings" tab to set up units (metric or imperial), coordinate systems, and drawing styles to
ensure your project is set up correctly from the start.
• Start designing - Use the specialized Civil 3D tools to create alignments for roads and other linear features, design profiles to show
elevation changes, model corridors for complete roadways, create surfaces from survey data, and design pipe networks for various
purposes.
• Save your work frequently - Use the "Save" or "Save As" command regularly to avoid losing your progress. Remember to choose a
safe location for your drawing file.
• Exit Civil 3D when done - When you've finished working, close the Civil 3D window or use the "Exit" command. The program will
usually check if you want to save any unsaved changes before closing.
 Toolbar Ribbon

Quick
access
ViewCube
toolbar
Drawing window
Application Navigation
menu bar
Toolspace

Command Status
Cursor line bar
Mastering Civil 3D: A
Comprehensive
Approach

Civil 3D is a powerful software that revolutionizes the way civil engineers and
designers approach infrastructure projects. It offers a comprehensive suite of tools for
modeling, analysis, and visualization, allowing for efficient and accurate design and
construction.
Understanding the Civil 3D Interface
Interface
Ribbon Toolbars
The Civil 3D ribbon provides access to various Customize toolbars with frequently used
tools and commands organized into logical commands and tools for quick access,
tabs and panels. Users can easily navigate reducing the need to navigate through menus
through different functionalities based on and improving overall productivity.
their tasks, enhancing workflow efficiency.

Drawing Area Palettes and Panels

The drawing area is where users create and
and manipulate their designs. It provides a Access additional features and settings
provides a dynamic environment for through palettes and panels, offering greater
visualizing and interacting with 3D models, greater control over project parameters and
models, facilitating seamless design and customization options.
development.
Efficient Surveying and Data Acquisition

1 Field Data Collection

Accurate data collection forms the foundation of any successful civil engineering project.
Civil 3D supports various surveying techniques and data sources, ensuring accurate
representation of real-world conditions.

2 Data Import and Processing

Import data from various surveying instruments, including total stations, GPS receivers, and
receivers, and laser scanners. Civil 3D seamlessly processes and integrates this data,
data, creating a comprehensive representation of the site.

3 Creating Survey Points and Lines

Utilize survey data to define site features, including points, lines, and surfaces. Civil 3D
Civil 3D provides tools to create accurate representations of the terrain, existing structures,
structures, and other relevant elements.
Creating and Manipulating Surfaces

Creating Surfaces Surface Manipulation Surface Analysis

Analyze surface properties to determine

Civil 3D allows users to create surfaces from Modify and refine surfaces based on design determine volumes, slopes, and other
from various data sources, including survey requirements. Use tools to cut, fill, trim, critical parameters. This information is
survey points, breaklines, and contours. and extend surfaces to achieve the desired crucial for earthwork calculations, drainage
contours. Surfaces provide a realistic terrain profile. drainage design, and overall project
representation of the terrain, essential for planning.
for planning and design.
Designing and Optimizing Roads and
Corridors

Alignment Design
Define road centerline alignment, including curves, tangents, and transitions, ensuring a smooth and
smooth and efficient flow of traffic.

Profile Design
Establish the elevation of the road along the alignment, considering grades, vertical curves, and other
curves, and other factors affecting vehicle movement.

Corridor Modeling
Create a corridor model that encompasses the road alignment, slopes, and other related features,
features, providing a comprehensive representation of the project.

Design Optimization
Utilize Civil 3D's optimization tools to refine road designs based on design criteria, ensuring
ensuring compliance with safety standards and minimizing environmental impact.
Modeling Drainage System

1 Pipe Networks 2 Channels and Inlets

Design and model pipe networks using
Civil 3D's tools, accounting for pipe sizes, Create channels and inlets to manage
materials, and hydraulic properties. manage surface runoff, ensuring effective
effective drainage and preventing
flooding.

3 Hydraulic Analysis 4 Stormwater Management

Perform hydraulic analysis to evaluate the Design and optimize stormwater

evaluate the performance of the drainage management features, such as detention
drainage system, ensuring it meets detention ponds and infiltration systems,
capacity requirements and design systems, to mitigate runoff and promote
standards. promote sustainable drainage practices.
practices.
Quantifying Earthwork and Site Analysis

Cut The volume of material that needs to be removed from the site

Fill The volume of material that needs to be added to the site

Balance The difference between cut and fill volumes

Hauling Distance The distance that material needs to be transported

Site Analysis Examining the site's topography, soil conditions, and other factors to
determine the feasibility and cost of the project
Generating Detailed Construction
Documents

Plans Profiles
Generate detailed plans of the project, including Create longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of
site plans, road plans, and drainage plans, the project, showing the elevation changes and
outlining the overall layout and design. design details along the alignment.

Elevations Details
Generate elevations of key features, such as Develop detailed drawings of specific elements,
buildings, bridges, and retaining walls, providing a elements, such as intersections, drainage
visual representation of the project's vertical structures, and construction materials, ensuring
dimensions. ensuring clarity and accuracy in construction.
construction.
Workflow Automation and Customization

1 Custom Tools 2 Automating Design Tasks

Create and customize tools and commands to
streamline repetitive tasks, improving Utilize automation features to generate
efficiency and consistency in project execution. reports, analyze data, and perform other
design tasks automatically, saving time and
and reducing errors.

3 Custom Styles and Templates 4 Data Management and

Collaboration
Create custom styles and templates for
drawings, reports, and other documents, Employ Civil 3D's data management features
ensuring consistent branding and project features to organize and share project
project standards. information effectively, facilitating seamless
seamless collaboration between team
members.
Learning Guide
Civil 3D Learning Guide
• Foundational Concepts • Advanced Topics
➢ Interface essentials ➢ Grading
➢ Coordinate systems ➢ Earthworks
➢ Units ➢ Corridor modelling
➢ Drawing settings ➢ Plan production
➢ Basic AutoCAD skills ➢ Customization
• Core Civil 3D Features
➢ Points
➢ Surfaces
➢ Alignments
➢ Profiles
➢ Corridors
➢ Pipe Networks
Training Materials
Civil 3D Training
Documents
• Autodesk Civil 3D 2025 Fundamentals by Ascent
• Autodesk Civil 3D 2025 Unleashed by Stephen Walz & Tony
Sabat
• Autodesk Civil 3D 2025: Essentials (Metric Units) by Ascent
• Autodesk Civil 3D 2025: Beyond the Basics for General Civil
Design (Imperial Units) by Ascent
• Autodesk Civil 3D 2025: Essentials for Surveyors (Imperial
Units) by Ascent
Civil 3D Training
Videos

• Civil 3D course for beginners by SourceCAD

• Civil 3D Tutorials by CAD Masters
• Tutorial AutoCAD Civil 3D by Baihaqi
• Civil 3D Ultimate Essentials Course by Infratech Civil
• AutoCAD Civil 3D Tutorials by AEC Software
Technology
Help