___________________CONTENTS__________________

Unit 1 Communication Skills 1

Session 1 Methods of Communication 1
Session 2 Verbal Communication 7
Session 3 Non-Verbal Communication 10
Session 4 Communication Cycle and Importance of Feedback 16
Session 5 Barriers to Effective Communication 20
Session 6 Writing Skills  Parts of Speech 24
Session 7 Writing Skills  Sentence 31
Unit 2 Self-management 39
Skills
Session 1 Stress Management 40
Session 2 Self-awareness ---- Strength and Weakness Analysis 46
Session 3 Self-motivation 51
Session 4 Self-regulation ---- Goal Setting 54
Session 5 Self-regulation ---- Time Management 58
Unit 3 Information and 63
Communication
Technology Skills
Session 1 Basic Computer Operations 63
Session 2 Performing Basic File Operations 70
Session 3 Computer Care and Maintenance 74
Session 4 Computer Security and Privacy 79
Unit 4 Entrepreneurial Skills 84
Session 1 Entrepreneurship and Society 85
Session 2 Qualities and Functions of an Entrepreneur 89
Session 3 Myths about Entrepreneur 94
Session 4 Entrepreneurship as a Carrier Option 99
Unit 5 Green Skills 103
Session 1 Sustainable Development 103
Session 2 Our Role in Sustainable Development 109
Answer 114
key
Unit | 1 Communication
Skills
Session 1: Methods of Communication
The word ‘communication’ comes from the Latin word communicare, meaning the ‘to share’.
Communication has three important parts is:
 Transmitting ---- The sender transmits the message through one medium or another .
 Listening ---- The receiver listens or understands the message.
 Feedback ---- The receiver conveys their understandings of the message to the sender in
the form of feedback to complete the communication cycle.
1. Sender: the person beginning the communication.
2. Message: the information that the sender wants to convey.
3. Channel: the means by which the information is sent.
4. Feedback: the receiver’s acknowledgement and response to the message.

Methods of Communication:-
I Face to face communication
II E-mail
III Notices/Posters
IV Business Meetings
V Other methods

Choosing the right method of communication depends on :-

 Target audience
 Costs
 Kind/type of information
 Urgency/priority
The methods of communication we choose could affect our relationship with peers, supervisors and
customers.

It is, therefore, vital that us spend considerable time and consider all factors choosing the right methods
to aid us in our tasks.

Session 2: Verbal Communication

Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language and speech. Speaking is one of the most
effective and commonly used way of communicating. It helps in expressing our emotions in
words.
Types of verbal communication:-

 Interpersonal Communication
 Written Communication
 Small Group Communication
 Public Communication

Advantages of Verbal Communication

It is an easy mode of communication in which you can exchange ideas by saying what you want
and get a quick response. Verbal communication also enables you to keep changing your
interaction as per the other person’s response.

Disadvantage of Verbal Communication

Since verbal communication depends on written or spoken words, sometimes the meanings can
be confusing and difficult to understand if the right words are not used.

Mastering Verbal Communication

 Think before you speak

 Concise and Clear
 Confidence and body language

Session 3: Non-verbal communication

Non-verbal communication is the expression or exchange of information or messages without
using any spoken or written word.
In other words, we send signals and messages to others, through expressions, gestures,
postures, touch, space, eye contact and para language. In this session, you will learn about the
importance of different types of non-verbal communication skills.
Visual Communication:-
Visual communication proves to be effective since it involves interchanging messages only
through images or pictures and therefore, you do not need to know any particular language for
understanding it. It is simple and remains consistent across different places.

Session 4: Communication Cycle and Importance of Feedback

Feedback is an important part of the communication cycle. For effective communication, it is
important that sender receivers an acknowledgement from the receiver about getting the
message across.
While a sender sends information, the receiver provides feedback on the received message.
Types of feedback:-
 Positive feedback
 Negative feedback
 No feedback
A good feedback is one that is:

 Specific: Avoid general comments. Try to include examples to clarify our statement .
 Timely: Being prompt is the key, since feedback loses its impact if delayed for too long.
 Polite: While it is important to share feedback, the recipient should not feel offended by
the language of the feedback.
 Offering continuing support: Feedback sharing should be a continuous process. After
offering feedback, let recipients know you are available for support.

Importance of feedback
 It validates effective listening
 It motivates
 It is always there
 It boosts learning
 It improves performance

Session 5: Barriers to effective communication

There are two types of barriers:-
 Physical Barriers:- Physical barriers is the environmental and natural condition that act as
a barrier in communication in sending message from sender to receiver.

 Linguistic Barriers:-The inability to communicate using a language is known as language

barrier of communication. Language barriers are the most common communication
barriers, which cause misunderstandings and misinterpretations between people.

 Interpersonal Barriers:- Barriers to interpersonal communication occur when the sender’s

message is received differently from how it was intended. It is also very difficult to
communicate with someone who is not willing to talk or express their feelings and views.

 Organisational Barriers :- Organisational are designed on the basis of formal hierarchical

structures that follow performance standards, rules and regulations, procedures, policies,
behavior norms, etc. All these affect the free flow of communication in organisations and
therefore, need to be suitably managed.

 Cultural Barriers:- Cultural barriers is when people of different cultures are unable to
understand each other’s customs, resulting in inconveniences and difficulties. People
sometimes make stereotypical assumptions about others based on their cultural
background, this leads to difference in opinions and can be a major barrier to effective
communication.
Session 6: Writing Skills – Parts of Speech
Writing skills are part of verbal communication and include e-mails, letters, notes, articles,
SMS/chat, blogs, etc. In all these forms of written communication, we use sentences to express
ourselves. Sentences are important because they help to clearly present the message. We all
know that a sentence is a group of words that communicates a complete thought. For example,
Pooja goes to school. On the other hand, a group of words, which does not make complete
sense, is known as phrase. For example, Pooja goes. A sentence always begins with a capital letter,
and it always ends with a question mark, full stop or exclamation mark.

Capitalisation
We know that all sentences begin with capital letters. However, there are certain other points in
a sentence where we should use capital letters. “TINS” is a set of simple rules that help you
capitalize words correctly.

Punctuation
Certain set of marks, such as full stop, comma, question mark, exclamation mark and apostrophe
are in communication to separate parts of a sentence for better clarity of message.

Some examples of punctuation marks are:-

 FULL STOP -------> (.)

 COMMA -------> (,)
 QUESTION MARK -------> (?)
 EXCLAMATION MARK -------> (!)
 APOSTROPHE --------> (‘)

Basic Parts of Speech

The part of speech indicates how a particular word functions in meaning as well as
grammatically within the sentence.