IMPORTANT DAYS

OF THE YEAR

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Every Year 1 Crore Students Trust Us for Test Prep

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 IMPORTANT DAYS OF THE YEAR
 Important Days and Dates of The Year:
JANUARY
January 4 World Braille Day
January 9 NRI Day
January 10 World Hindi Day
January 12 World Youth Day
January 15 Army Day
January 25 National Voters Day
January 26 India’s Republic day, International
Customs Day
January 27 International Day of Commemoration
January 30 Martyrs’ Day
January (last Sunday) World Leprosy Eradication Day

FEBRUARY
February 2 World Wetlands Day
February 4 World Cancer Day
February 6 International Day of Zero Tolerance to
Female Genital Mutilation
February (2nd day of Safer Internet Day
the 2nd week of
February)
February 10 National Deworming Day
February 11 International Day of Women and Girls in
Science

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February 12 National Productivity Day
February 13 World Radio Day, World Women’s Day
February 14 Valentine’s Day
February 20 World Day of Social Justice
February 21 International Mother Language Day
February 24 Central Excise Day
February 28 National Science Day

MARCH
March 1 Zero Discrimination Day; World Civil
Defence Day
March 3 World Wildlife Day, World Hearing Day
March 4 National Security Day
March 8 International Women’s Day
March (2nd Thursday World Kidney Day
in March)
March (2nd No Smoking Day
Wednesday in March)
March 15 World Disabled Day; World Consumer
Rights Day
March 16 World Sleep Day
March 18 Ordnance Factories Day (India)
March 20 International Day of happiness; World
Sparrow Day
March 21 World Forestry Day; World Down
Syndrome Day; World Poetry Day
March 22 World Day for Water

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March 23 World Meteorological Day
March 24 World TB Day
March 27 World Theatre Day

APRIL
April 1 Odisha Day
April 2 World Autism Awareness Day
April 4 International Day for Mine Awareness
April 5 National Maritime Day
April 7 World Health Day
April 10 World Homeopathy Day
April 11 National Safe Motherhood Day; National
Pet Day
April 17 World Haemophilia Day
April 18 World Heritage Day
April 19 World Liver Day
April 21 Secretaries Day; Civil Services Day
April 22 Earth Day
April 23 World Book and Copyright Day
April 24 National Panchayati Day
April 25 World Malaria Day
April 26 World Intellectual property Day
April 28 World Day for Safety and Health at Work;
World Veterinary Day
April 29 International Dance Day
April 30 Ayushman Bharat Diwas

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 MAY
May 1 Worker’s Day (International Labour Day),
Maharashtra Day
May 3 Press Freedom Day
May (1st Sunday) World Laughter Day
May (1st Tuesday) World Asthma Day
May (2nd Sunday) Mother’s Day
May 4 Coal Miners Day; International Firefighters
Day
May 7 World Athletics Day
May 8 World Red Cross Day; World Thalassaemia
Day
May 11 National Technology Day
May 12 International Nurses Day
May 12 Mother’s Day
May 15 International Day of the Family
May 17 World Telecommunication Day; World
Hypertension Day
May 18 World AIDS vaccine Day; International
Museum Day
May 21 National Anti-Terrorism Day
May 22 International Day for Biological Diversity
May 24 Commonwealth Day
May 31 Anti-Tobacco Day

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 JUNE
June 1 World Milk Day
June 3 World Bicycle Day
June 4 International Day of Innocent Children
Victims of Aggression
June 5 World Environment Day
June (3rd Sunday) Father’s Day
June 8 World Ocean Day
June 12 Anti-Child labor Day
June 13 International Albinism Awareness Day
June 14 World Blood Donor Day
June 20 World Refugee Day
June 21 International Day of Yoga
June 23 United Nations Public Service Day
June 26 International Day against Drug Abuse and
Illicit Trafficking

JULY
July 1 Doctor’s Day
July 6 World Zoonoses Day
July 11 World Population Day
July 17 World Day for International Justice
July 18 International Nelson Mandela Day
July 28 World Hepatitis Day

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 AUGUST
August (1st International Friendship Day
Sunday)
August 6 Hiroshima Day
August 8 World Senior Citizens Day
August 9 Quit India Day, Nagasaki Day,
International Day of the World’s
Indigenous peoples.
August 15 Indian Independence Day
August 12 International Youth Day
August 19 Photography Day, World Humanitarian
Day
August 29 National Sports Day

SEPTEMBER
September 2 Coconut Day
September 5 Teacher’s Day; Sanskrit Day
September 8 International Literacy Day
September 14 Hindi Diwas
September 15 Engineers Day; International Day of
Democracy
September 16 World Ozone Day; International Day for
preservation
September 21 Alzheimer’s Day; Day for Peace & Non-
Violence (UN)
September 22 Rose Day (Welfare of cancer patients)
September 23 International Day of Sign Languages

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September 26 Day of the Deaf; World Contraception Day
September 27 World Tourism Day; World Maritime Day
September 29 World Heart Day
September 30 International Translation Day
September (Last Saturday) World Rivers Day

OCTOBER
October 1 International Day of the Elderly
October 2 Gandhi Jayanthi; International Day of
Non-Violence
October (1st Monday) World Habitat Day
October 4 World Animal Welfare Day
October 8 Indian Air Force Day
October 9 World Post Office Day
October 10 National Post Day; World Mental Health
Day
October 11 National Girl Child Day
October (2nd Thursday) World Sight Day
October 13 UN International Day for Natural Disaster
Reduction
October 14 World Standards Day
October 15 World Students Day; World White Cane
Day (Guiding the Blind)
October 16 World Food Day
October 24 UN Day; World Development Information
Day
October 30 World Thrift Day

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October 31 National Unity Day

NOVEMBER
November 5 World Tsunami Day
November 7 National Cancer Awareness day
November 9 Legal Services Day
November 14 Children’s Day; Diabetes Day
November 17 National Epilepsy Day
November 20 Africa Industrialization Day
November 21 World Television Day
November 29 International Day of Solidarity with
Palestinian People

DECEMBER
December 1 World AIDS Day
December 2 National Pollution Control
December 3 World Day of the Handicapped
December 4 Indian Navy Day
December 7 Indian Armed Forces Flag Day
December 10 Human Rights Day; International
Children’s Day of Broadcasting
December 11 International Mountain Day
December 14 World Energy Conservation Day
December 16 Vijay Diwas
December 18 Minorities Rights Day (India)
December 22 National Mathematics Day

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December 23 Kisan Divas (Farmer’s Day) (India)
December 24 National Consumers Day
December 25 Christmas Day

9
 SUPERLATIVES INDIA
AND WORLD

CUET

Every Year 1 Crore Students Trust Us for Test Prep

https:/hitbullseye.com/ 1800-572-7348
 SUPERLATIVES INDIA AND WORLD
INDIA:
 ALL THE HIGHEST OF INDIA:
1. Highest Peak Mt. K2 (Godwin Austin)
2. Highest Waterfall Jog Falls (Karnataka)
3. Highest gateway Buland Darwaza (Fathepur
Sikri)
4. Highest literacy among state Kerala
5. Highest tower Qutub Minar
6. Highest dam Bhakra dam
7. Highest multiple-arch dam Idukki (Kerala)
 ALL THE LARGEST OF INDIA:
1. Largest populated city Mumbai
2. Largest freshwater lake Kolleru (Andhra Pradesh)
3. Largest saltwater lake Chilka (Orissa)
4. Largest state Rajasthan
5. Largest populated state Uttar Pradesh
6. Largest museum Indian Museum (Kolkata)
7. Largest zoo Zoological Garden
(Karnataka)
8. Largest dome Gol Gumbaz (Karnataka)
9. Largest mosque Jama Masjid (New Delhi)
10. Largest desert Thar (Rajasthan)
11. Largest river island Majuli (Brahmaputra)
12. Largest monastery Tawang monastery

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 (Arunachal Pradesh)
13. Largest cave temple Ellora (Maharashtra)
14. Largest animal fair Sonepur fair (Bihar)
15. Largest plateau Deccan Plateau
16. The largest river in South Godavari
India
17. Largest prison Puzhal Jail (Chennai)
18. Largest planetarium Birla Planetarium
19. Largest GPO Mumbai GPO
20. Largest church St. Cathedral (Old Goa)

Gol Gumbaz
21. Largest cinema theater Thangam Theater
22. Largest exhibition ground Pragati Maidan (New Delhi)
23. Largest arch dam Idukki dam (Kerala)
24. Largest library National Library (Kolkata)
25. Largest aircraft carrier INS Viraat
26. Largest landing ship INS Magar
27. Largest union territory Andaman Nicobar Islands
28. Largest gurudwara Golden Temple (Amritsar)
29. Largest residence Rashtrapati Bhavan

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30. Largest river barrage Farakka Barrage
31. Largest open university Indira Gandhi Open University
(New Delhi)
32. Largest ocean island Middle Andaman

Golden Temple
 ALL THE LONGEST OF INDIA:
1. Longest river Ganga
2. Longest highway Atal Tunnel
tunnel
3. Longest dam Hirakud (Orissa)
4. Longest railway Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh)
platform
5. Longest corridor Rameswaram Temple
6. Longest hanging bridge Howrah Bridge
7. Longest train service Vivek Express (Dibrigarh to
Kanyakumari)
8. Longest bridge Anna Indira (Rameswaram to
Mandap)
9. Longest glacier Siachen Glacier

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10. Longest river bridge Bhupen Hazarika Setu
11. Longest national N.H. 44
highway
12. Longest canal Indira Gandhi canal

Siachen Glacier
 ALL THE SMALLEST OF INDIA:
1. Smallest state (Area) Goa
2. Smallest state (Population) Sikkim
3. Smallest state (forest area) Haryana
4. Smallest Union territory Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep Island

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  MISCELLANEOUS:
1. Biggest hotel ITC Grand Chola Sheraton
(Chennai)
2. Tallest statue Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(Statue of Unity)
3. Highest Gallantry Param Vir Chakra
Award
4. Most literate state Kerala
5. Least Literate state Bihar
6. Most densely populated West Bengal
state
7. The least densely Arunachal Pradesh
populated state
8. Most populated city Mumbai
9. Busiest Bridge Howrah (Calcutta)
10. Oldest Refinery Digboi (Assam)
11. Most literate Union Lakshadweep
Territory
12. Fastest Train Vande Bharat Express
13. Least Populated Union Lakshadweep
Territory
14. Highest award (civilian) Bharat Ratna

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  WORLD:
1. Tallest Animal on (land) Giraffe
2. Biggest Bell Great Bell at Moscow
3. Fastest Bird Peregrine Falcon
4. Largest Bird Ostrich
5. Smallest Bird Hummingbird
6. Longest Bridge Danyang-Kunshan Grand
Bridge (China)
7. Tallest Building Burj khalifa, Dubai (U.A.E)
8. Tallest office Building Petronas Twin Towers Kuala
Lumpur (Malaysia)
9. Longest Big Ship Canal Suez Canal (Linking Red sea &
Mediterranean)
10. Busiest Canal (Ship) Baltic White Sea Canal (152
miles)
11. Biggest Cinema House Roxy (New York)
12. Highest city Wen Chuan (Tibet, China)
16,732 ft.
13. Largest City (in Tokyo [(3,74,68000), Est.
population) population in 2018]
14. Biggest City in (area) Mount Isa, Queensland,
Australia (41225 sq. km.)
15. Largest Continent Asia
16. Smallest continent Australia
17. Largest Country (in China
population)

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18. Largest country (in Russia
area)
19. Largest Coral The Great Barrier Reef
Formation (Australia)
20. Largest Dam Grand Coulee- Concrete Dam
(U.S.A)
21. Longest Day June 21 (in Northern
Hemisphere)
22. Shortest Day Dec. 22(in Northern
Hemisphere)
23. Largest Delta Sundarbans, India (8000 sq.
miles)
24. Largest Desert (World) Sahara, Africa (84, 00,000 sq.
km.)
25. Largest Diamond The Cullinan (over 1 ½ 1b.)
26. Biggest Dome Gol Gumbaz (Bijapur), (Old
arch) 144 ft. diameter.
27. Biggest Dome (New Archi) Astrodome, Sports
28. Longest Epic The Mahabharata
29. Largest Island Greenland
30. Largest Lake (Artificial) Lake mead (Bouler)
31. Deepest Lake Baikal (Siberia)
32. Highest Lake Titicaca (Bolivia) 12645 ft.
above sea level.
33. Largest Lake (Fresh Lake Superior, U.S.A
Water)
34. Largest Lake (Salt Caspian Sea (3, 71,000 sq.

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 Water) km.)
35. Largest Mosque Al-Haram Mosque, Mecca
36. Biggest Library National Kiev Library,Moscow
& Library of the Congress,
Washington)
37. Highest Mountain peak Mount Everest
(World)
38. Longest Mountain Andes (S.America) 5,500
Range miles in length
39. Biggest Museum British Museum (London)
40. Tallest Minaret (Free Qutub Minar, Delhi 238 ft.
Standing)
41. Tallest Minaret Great Hassan Mosque,
Casablanca, Morocco
42. Deepest & Biggest The Pacific
Ocean
43. Largest Palace Imperial Palace (Gugong),
Beijing (China)
44. Largest Park Yellowstone national park
(USA).
45. Largest Peninsula Arabic (32,50,000 sq. km.)
46. Coldest Place or Region Verkhoyansk (Syberia),
Temperature – 85` C
47. Driest Place Death Valley (California);
rainfall 1 ½ inch.
48. Hottest Place (World) Al-Aziziyah (Libya, Africa)
136`F

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49. Largest Planet Jupiter
50. Brightest and Hottest Venus
Planet (also nearest to
Earth)
51. Farthest planet (from Neptune
the Sun)
52. Nearest Planet (to the Mercury
Sun)
53. Smallest Planet Mercury
54. Highest Plateau Pamir (Tibet)
55. Longest Platform Kharagpur W.B, India (833m)
(Railway)
56. Largest Platform Grand Central terminal, New
(Railway) York (U.S.A)
57. Largest sea Port Ningbo-zhoushan,China.
58. Busiest container Port Shanghai, China.
59. Longest Railway Trans-Siberian Railway (6,000
miles Long)
60. Longest River Nile (6690 km)
61. Longest River Dam Hirakud Dam (Orissa)
62. Largest sea-bird Albatross
63. Largest Sea (inland) Mediterranean
64. Brightest Star Sirius (also called Dog star)
65. Tallest statue Statue of Unity, India (182m)
66. Tallest Statue (Bronze) Bronze Statue of Lord Buddha,
Tokyo (Japan).
67. Longest Swimming English Channel

9
 Course
68. Tallest Tower Skytree ,Tokyo,japan.(634m)
69. Longest train nonstop Flying Scoutsman
70. Longest Tunnel Seikan Rail Tunnel (Japan),
(Railway) (53.85 km.)
71. Longest & Largest Le Rove Tunnel (South of
Canal Tunnel France)
72. Longest Tunnel (Road) Laerdal, Norway
73. Highest Volcano Ojos Del Salado, Andes
Argentina-Chile (6,885 m.)
74. Largest Volcano Mauna Loa (Hawaii)
75. Longest Wall Great Wall of China (1500
miles)
76. Highest Waterfall Salto Angel Falls (Venezuela)
77. Longest Strait Tartar Strait (Sakhalin Island
& the Russian mainland)
78. Broadest Strait Davis Straits (Greenland &
Baffin Island, (Canada)
79. Narrowest strait Chaliks-45 yards (Between
the Greek mainland the island
of Euboea in the Aegean Sea)
80. Largest Bay Hudson Bay, Canada (Shore
line 7623 miles)
81. Largest Gulf Gulf of Mexico,( shoreline
2100 miles)
82. Largest Archipelago Indonesia (over 3,000 Islands)
83. Tallest Active Geyser Giant (Geyser ) yellowstone

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 park U.S.A 200 ft. high
84. Largest River Basin Amazon Basin- 27, 20,000 sq.
mile.
85. World rainiest spot Cherrapunji (Mawsynram),
India
86. Largest Gorge Grand Canyon, on the
Colorado River, U.S.A
87. Lightest gas Hydrogen
88. Lightest Metal Lithium
89. Highest Melting Point Tungsten, 3,410`C
90. Hardest Substance Diamond
91. Longest Animal Blue Whale, (recorded length
106 ft. weight-195 tons)
92. Longest Life Span of an 190 to 200 years, (Giant
Animal tortoise)
93. Largest Land Animal African Bush Elephant
94. Fastest Animal Cheetah - 70 m.p.h
95. Longest Jump Animal Kangaroo
96. Longest wing Spread Albatross
Bird
97. Slowest Animal Snail
98. Domestic Dog Irish WolfHound
99. Fastest Dog Persian GreyHound (speed 43
m.p.h)
100. Longest poisonous King cobra
snake
101. Biggest Flower Rafflesia (Java)

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102. Largest Stadium Narendra Modi Stadium,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat
103. Largest Church Basilica of St. Peter, Vatican
city, Rome Italy
104. Largest Temple Angkor Wat (Cambodia)
105. Largest Diamond mine Kimbarley (S.Africa)
106. Largest River in volume Amazon, Brazil
107. Longest Corridor Rameshwaram Temple’s
Corridor (5000 ft.)
108. Highest Straight Dam Bhakra Dam
109. Highest Capital City La Paz (Bolivia)
110. Largest Asian Desert Gobi, Mongolia
111. Largest Democracy India
112. Longest Thoroughfare Verrazano-Narrows, New York
City Harbour
113. Longest Neck Animal Giraffe
114. Largest Animal of the Lion
Cat Family
115. Most Intelligent Animal Chimpanzee
116. Bird, that never makes Cuckoo
its nests
117. Wingless Bird Kiwi
118. Reptile which changes Chameleon
its colors
119. Largest Mammal Whale

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 INVENTIONS AND
DISCOVERIES

CUET

Every Year 1 Crore Students Trust Us for Test Prep

https:/hitbullseye.com/ 1800-572-7348
 INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES
LIST OF IMPORTANT INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES:
Inventions Inventor Year Country
Electric Iron H.W. Seeley 1882 U.S.A
Electric Motor Moritz Jacobi 1834 Russia
Evolution, Charles Darwin 1858 England
theory of
Film sound Dr. Le de Forest 1923 U.S.A
Glider Sir George Calyey 1853 England
Insulin Sir Frederick 1923 Canada
Banting
Safety Match J.E. Lundstrom 1855 Sweden
Motor car, Karl Benz 1885 Germany
Petrol
Radium Marie & Pierre 1898 France
Curie
Rubber Charles Goodyear 1841 U.S.A
(vulcanized)
Safety Lamp Sir Humphry Davy 1816 England
Telescope Hans Lippershey 1608 Netherlands
Television John Logic Baird 1926 Scotland
Thermometer Galileo 1593 Italy
Valve. Radio Sir J.A Fleming 1904 Britain
Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg 1440 Germany
Pocket Watch Peter Henlein 1510 Germany
Microscope Zacharis Janssen 1590 Netherlands

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Logarithms, John Napier 1590s Scotland
Napier Bones
& decimal
point
Automatic Wilhelm Schickard 1623 Germany
Calculator
Adding Blaise Pascal 1642 France
Machine
Barometer Evangelista 1643 Italy
Torricelli
Air Pump Otto Von Guericke 1650 Germany
Bacteria Antonie Van 1665 Netherlands
Leeuwenhoek
Pendulum Christian Huygens 1657 Netherlands
Clock
Gravity & Isaac Newton 1668 England
Reflecting
telescope
Clarinet Johann Christoph 1690 Germany
Denner
Steam Engine Thomas Savery 1698 UK
Piano Bartolomeo 1700 Italy
Cristofori
Centigrade Anders Celsius 1742 Sweden
Scale
Electroscope Jean Nollet 1748 France
Lightning Benjamin Franklin 1752 USA

2
Conductor
Hydrogen Henry Cavendish 1766 England
Chlorine Karl Wilhelm 1774 Sweden
Scheele
Ship (Steam) J.C Perier 1775 France
Oxygen Antoine Laurent 1775 France
Lavoisier
Submarine David Bushnell 1776 USA
Hot Air Balloon Josef & Etienne 1783 France
Montgolfier
Tungsten Juan José Elhuyar 1783 Spain
Lubize & Fausto de
Elhuyar
Bifocal Lens Benjamin Franklin 1784 USA
Parachute Jean Pierre 1785 France
Blanchard
Steam Boat John Fitch 1786 USA
Guillotin Dr. Joseph-Ignace 1790s France
Guillotin
Watch (Self Abraham-Louis 1791 France
Winding) Breguet
Milling Eli Whitney 1793 USA
machine &
cotton gin
Smallpox Edward Jenner 1796 England
Vaccine
Vaccination

3
Electric Volta 1800 Italian
Battery
Locomotive Richard Trevithick 1804 England
Stethoscope Rene Laennec 1816 France
Dental Plate Anthony 1817 USA
A.Plantson
Cadmium Friedrich 1817 Germany
Stromeyer
Cement Joseph Aspdin 1824 England
Electromagnet William Sturgeon 1824 England
Photography Joseph Nicéphore 1826 France
(on metal) Niépce
Braille Louis Braille 1829 France
Electromagnet Michael Faraday 1831 UK
ic Induction
Electric
Generator
Revolver Samuel Colt 1835 USA
Photography W. H. Fox Talbot 1835 England
(on paper)
Telegraph William Cook & 1837 England
Charles
Wheatstone
Telegraph Samuel Morse 1837 USA
code
Ozone Christian 1839 Germany
Schonbein

4
Typewriter Peter Mitterhofer 1841 Austria
Transformer William Stanley .Jr 1842 US
(Induction coil)
Saxophone Adolphe Sax 1846 Belgium
Sewing Elias Howe 1846 USA
Machine
Motorcycle Edward Butler 1848 England
Bullet Claude Minie 1849 France
Safety Pin William Hunt 1849 US
Burglar Alarm Edwin T. Holmes 1851 US
Refrigerator James Harrison 1851 Australia
Elevator Elisha G. Otis 1852 USA
Steam-Powered Henri Giffard 1852 France
Airship
Light Bulb Heinrich Goebel 1854 Germany
Generator Picciotti 1860 Italy
Machine Gun Richard Gaffing 1861 USA
Typewriter Peter Mitterhofer 1864 Austria
Antiseptic Dr. Joseph Lister 1867 England
Dynamite Alfred B. Nobel 1867 Sweden
Helium William Ramsay 1868 Great Britain
Vacuum Ives McGuffey 1869 USA
Cleaner
Electric Motor Zenobe Gramme 1873 Belgium
(DC)
Barbed Wire Joseph F. Glidden 1873 US
Telephone Graham Bell 1874 Canada

5
Microphone Alexander Graham 1876 US
Bell
Carburetor Gottlieb Daimler 1876 Germany
Phonograph Thomas Edison 1877 USA
Welder Elisha Thompson 1877 US
(Electric
Welding)
Gramophone Thomas Edison 1878 USA
Cash Register James Ritty 1879 USA
Arc Lamp C. F. Brush 1879 Ohio
Electric Lamp Thomas Alva 1879 USA
Edison
Electromagnet Heinrich Rudolph 1880 Germany
ic theory of Hertz
light &
electromagneti
c waves, Radio
and electrical
frequencies
(Hz)
AC motor and Nikola Tesla 1880s USA
transformer,
vacuum tube
amplifier,
Tesla coil, X-
Ray
technology

6
Electric Fan Wheeler 1882 USA
Fountain Pen Lewis Edson 1884 USA
Waterman
Fluorine Ferdinand 1886 France
Frederick Henri
Moissan
Ball Point Pen John Loud 1888 USA
Bicycle Tyres John Boyd Dunlop 1888 Scotland
Photography John Carbutt 1888 US
(on film)
Time Recorder Harlow Bundy 1890 USA
Animation Emile Reynaud 1892 France
Cinema Lumiere brothers 1894 France
Argon William Ramsay & 1894 UK
Baron Ray Leigh
Radio Guglielmo Marconi 1894 Italy
Ship (Turbine) Charles Parsons 1894 England
Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel 1895 Germany
X-ray Wilhelm Conrad 1895 Germany
Roentgen
Electric William S. 1896 USA
stove/cooker Hadaway
Aspirin Dr. Felix Hoffman 1899 Germany
Cellophane I.E. Brandenberger 1900 Switzerland
Tractor Benjamin Holt 1900 US
(Caterpillar)
Disc Brake Dr. F. Lanchester 1902 England

7
Windshield Mary Anderson 1903 USA
wipers
Airplanes Wilbur and Orville 1903 USA
Wright
Silicones F.S Kipping 1904 England
Bakelite H. Backcland 1907 Belgium/US
Gyrocompass Elmer A. Sperry 1908 U.S
Vitamin A Elmer V. McCollum 1913 USA
& M. Davis
Air Conditioner Willis Carrier 1914 USA
Neon Lamp Georges Claude 1915 France
Vitamin B Elmer V. McCollum 1916 US
Motor Scooter Greville Bradshaw 1919 England
Vitamin C Albert Szent- 1920 USA
Györgyi & Charles
Glen King
Vitamin D Edward Mellanby 1920 USA
Band Aid Earle Dickson 1920 USA
Crescograph Jagadish Chandra 1920s India
Bose
Insulin Frederick Banting & 1921 Canada
Charles H. Best
Radar Dr. Albert H. Taylor 1922 US
& Leo C. Young
Vitamin E Herbert McLean 1922 USA
Evans
Film (Musical) Warner Bros 1923 US

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Adhesive tape Richard G. Drew 1923 USA
Loud Speaker Chester W. Rice 1924 US
and Edward W.
Kellogg
Film (Talking) Warner Bros 1926 US
Rocket Engine Robert H. Goddard 1926 USA
Penicillin Alexander Fleming 1928 England
Xerox Machine Chester Carlson 1928 USA
Car Radio William Lear & 1929 US
Elmer Wavering
Vitamin K Henrik Dam & 1929 Denmark &
Edward Adelbert USA
Doisy
Richter Scale Charles Richter 1935 USA
Jet Engine Hans Von Ohain 1936 Germany
Microscope(El Vladimir Kosme 1939 Russia
ectron) Sworykin
Helicopter Igor Sikorsky 1939 Russia
Atom Bomb Julius Robert 1945 USA
Oppenheimer

Microwave Percy Spencer 1947 USA

Oven
Transistors John Bardeen, 1948 US
William Shockley &
Walter Brattain
Pacemaker Dr. Paul Zoll 1952 USA

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Electronic IBM 1954 USA
Calculator
Hovercraft Christopher 1959 England
Cockerell
Laser Dr. Charles H. 1960 US
Townes
Soft Contact Otto Wichterle 1961 Czech
lenses
Synthesizer Dr. Robert Arthur 1964 USA
Moog
Bicycle Kirkpatrick 1839 Britain
Macmillan
Celluloid Alexander Parkes 1861 Britain
Chloroform E. Soberran 1831 France
Cine Camera Wm. Friese-Greene 1889 Britain
Circulation of William Harvey 1628 England
blood
Clock Hsing and Ling- 1725 China
Mechanical Tsan
Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel 1892 Germany

10
 NATIONAL PARKS
& SANCTUARIES

CUET

Every Year 1 Crore Students Trust Us for Test Prep

https:/hitbullseye.com/ 1800-572-7348
 NATIONAL PARKS & SANCTUARIES
State (number Name of State/ Protected Year Area
of NPs) Area (km2)
1. Campbell Bay NP 1992 426.23
2. Galathea Bay NP 1992 110
3. Mahatma Gandhi 1983 281.5
Marine (Wandoor) NP
4. Middle Button Island 1987 0.44
Andaman &
NP
Nicobar Islands
5. Mount Harriett NP 1987 46.62
(9)
6. North Button Island NP 1987 0.44
7. Rani Jhansi Marine NP 1996 256.14
8. Saddle Peak NP 1987 32.54
9. South Button Island 1987 0.03
NP
1. Papikonda NP 2008 1013
Andhra Pradesh 2. Rajiv Gandhi 2005 2.4
(3) (Rameswaram) NP
3. Sri Venkateswara NP 1989 353.6
Arunachal 1. Mouling NP 1986 483
Pradesh (2) 2. Namdapha NP 1983 1808
1. Dibru-Saikhowa NP 1999 340
2. Kaziranga NP 1974 859
Assam (7) 3. Manas NP 1990 500
4. Nameri NP 1998 200
5. Rajiv Gandhi Orang NP 1999 78.81

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 6. Raimona NP 2021 422
7. Dihing Patkai NP 2021 234
Bihar (1) 1. Valmiki NP 1989 335.65
1. Guru Ghasidas 1981 1440.7
Chhattisgarh (Sanjay) NP
(3) 2. Indravati (Kutru) NP 1982 1258.4
3. Kanger Valley NP 1982 200
Goa (1) 1. Mollem NP 1992 107
1. Vansda NP 1979 23.99
2. Blackbuck (Velavadar) 1976 34.53
NP
Gujarat (4)
3. Gir NP 1975 258.71
4. Marine (Gulf of 1982 162.89
Kachchh) NP
1. Kalesar NP 2003 46.82
Haryana (2)
2. Sultanpur NP 1989 1.43
1. Great Himalayan NP 1984 754.4
2. Inderkilla NP 2010 104
Himachal
3. Khirganga NP 2010 710
Pradesh (5)
4. Pin Valley NP 1987 675
5. Simbalbara NP 2010 27.88
1. City Forest (Salim Ali) 1992 9
UT of Jammu &
NP (J&K)
Kashmir (3)
2. Dachigam NP (J&K) 1981 141
UT of Ladakh
3. Hemis NP (Ladakh) 1981 3350
(1)
4. Kishtwar NP (J&K) 1981 425
Jharkhand (1) 1. Betla NP 1986 226.33

2
 1. Anshi NP 1987 417.34
2. Bandipur NP 1974 874.2
3. Bannerghatta NP 1974 260.51
Karnataka (5)
4. Kudremukh NP 1987 600.32
5. Nagarahole (Rajiv 1988 643.39
Gandhi) NP
1. Anamudi Shola NP 2003 7.5
2. Eravikulam NP 1978 97
3. Mathikettan Shola NP 2003 12.82
Kerala (6)
4. Pambadum Shola NP 2003 1.318
5. Periyar NP 1982 350
6. Silent Valley NP 1984 89.52
1. Bandhavgarh NP 1968 448.85
2. Dinosaur Fossils NP 2011 0.8974
3. Fossil NP 1983 0.27
4. Indira Priyadarshini 1975 292.85
Pench NP
Madhya
5. Kanha NP 1955 940
Pradesh (10)
6. Madhav NP 1959 375.22
7. Panna NP 1981 542.67
8. Sanjay NP 1981 466.88
9. Satpura NP 1981 585.17
10. Van Vihar NP 1979 4.45
1. Chandoli NP 2004 317.67
Maharashtra
2. Gugamal NP 1975 361.28
(6)
3. Navegaon NP 1975 133.88

3
 4. Pench (Jawaharlal 1975 257.26
Nehru) NP
5. Sanjay Gandhi 1983 86.96
(Borivilli) NP
6. Tadoba NP 1955 116.55
1. Keibul-Lamjao NP (in 1977 40
Manipur (1)
Loktak Lake)
1. Balphakram NP 1985 220
Meghalaya (2)
2. Nokrek Ridge NP 1986 47.48
1. Mur Len NP 1991 100
Mizoram (2) 2. Phawngpui Blue 1992 50
Mountain NP
Nagaland (1) 1. Intanki NP 1993 202.02
1. Bhitarkanika NP 1988 145
Odisha (2)
2. Simlipal NP 1980 845.7
1. Desert NP 1992 3162
2. Keoladeo Ghana NP 1981 28.73
Rajasthan (5) 3. Mukundra Hills NP 2006 200.54
4. Ranthambore NP 1980 282
5. Sariska NP 1992 273.8
Sikkim (1) 1. Khangchendzonga NP 1977 1784
1. Guindy NP 1976 2.82
2. Gulf of Mannar Marine 1980 6.23
NP
Tamil Nadu (5)
3. Indira Gandhi 1989 117.1
(Annamalai) NP
4. Mudumalai NP 1990 103.23

4
 5. Mukurthi NP 1990 78.46
1. Kasu Brahmananda 1994 1.43
Reddy NP
Telangana (3) 2. Mahavir Harina 1994 14.59
Vanasthali NP
3. Mrugavani NP 1994 3.6
1. Clouded Leopard NP 2007 5.08
Tripura (2)
2. Bison (Rajbari) NP 2007 31.63
Uttar Pradesh 1. Dudhwa NP 1977 490
(1)
1. Corbett NP 1936 520.82
2. Gangotri NP 1989 2390.02
3. Govind NP 1990 472.08
Uttarakhand (6)
4. Nanda Devi NP 1982 624.6
5. Rajaji NP 1983 820
6. Valley of Flowers NP 1982 87.5
1. Buxa NP 1992 117.1
2. Gorumara NP 1992 79.45
3. Jaldapara NP 2014 216.51
West Bengal (6)
4. Neora Valley NP 1986 159.89
5. Singalila NP 1986 78.6
6. Sunderban NP 1984 1330.1

5
  SOME IMPORTANT FACTS:
First National Hailey National Park is the oldest national
Park in India park in India, now known as Jim Corbett
national park
Largest National Hemis National Park is the biggest national
Park in India- park in India, located in Ladakh with an area
of 3350km2
Floating National Keibul Lamjao National Park is a floating
Park in India- national park, located in Manipur
Smallest South Button Island National Park in
National Park in Andaman and Nicobar Islands
India-
Highest National Hemis National Park
Park in India-

 LIST OF TIGER RESERVES IN INDIA:

S. No. State/UT Name Of Tiger Reserve
1. Andhra Pradesh Nagarjunsagar Srisailam
2. Arunachal Namdapha
Pradesh
3. Arunachal Kamlang Tiger Reserve
Pradesh
4. Arunachal Pakke
Pradesh
5. Assam Manas
6. Assam Nameri

6
 7. Assam Orang Tiger Reserve
8. Assam Kaziranga
9. Bihar Valmiki
10. Chattisgarh Udanti-Sitanadi
11. Chattisgarh Achanakmar
12. Chhattisgarh Indravati
13. Jharkhand Palamau
14. Karnataka Bandipur
15. Karnataka Bhadra
16. Karnataka Dandeli-Anshi
17. Karnataka Nagarahole
18. Karnataka Biligiri Ranganatha Temple
19. Kerala Periyar
20. Kerala Parambikulam
21. Madhya Pradesh Kanha
22. Madhya Pradesh Pench
23. Madhya Pradesh Bandhavgarh
24. Madhya Pradesh Panna
25. Madhya Pradesh Satpura
26. Madhya Pradesh Sanjay-Dubri
27. Maharashtra Melghat
28. Maharashtra Tadoba-Andhari
29. Maharashtra Pench
30. Maharashtra Sahyadri
31. Maharashtra Navegaon-Nagzira
32. Maharashtra Bor

7
33. Mizoram Dampa
34. Odisha Similipal
35. Odisha Satkosia
36. Rajasthan Ranthambore
37. Rajasthan Sariska
38. Rajasthan Mukundra Hills
39. Tamil Nadu Kalakad-Mundanthurai
40. Tamil Nadu Anamalai
41. Tamil Nadu Mudumalai
42. Tamil Nadu Sathyamangalam
43. Telangana Kawal
44. Telangana Amrabad
45. Uttar Pradesh Dudhwa
46. Uttar Pradesh Pilibhit
47. Uttar Pradesh Amangarh (buffer of Corbett TR)
48. Uttarakhand Corbett
49. Uttarakhand Rajaji TR
50. West Bengal Sunderbans
51. West Bengal Buxa
52. Tamil Nadu Srivilliputhur Megamalai
53. Rajasthan Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife
Sanctuary
54. Uttar Pradesh Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary
55. Chhattisgarh Guru Ghasidas National
Park(Sanjay National Park)

8
 SOBRIQUETS OF INDIA
AND THE WORLD

CUET

Every Year 1 Crore Students Trust Us for Test Prep

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 SOBRIQUETS OF INDIA AND THE WORLD
SOBRIQUETS AND FAMOUS PLACES I N INDIA

 SOBRIQUETS – PLACES:
1. Asia Paris - Lahore, Pakistan
2. Africa In Miniature -Cameroon
3. Bengal Sorrow - River Damodar, Wetbengal, India
4. Blue Mountains - Nilgiri Hills , India
5. Britain Of The East - Japan
6. Britain Of The South - New Zealand
7. Battle Field Of Europe - Belgium
8. Backbone Of England - Pennine Mountains
9. Backbone Of Italy - Apennine Mountains
10. Big Apple - New York
11. City Of Cycles - Beijing
12. City Of Eternal Springs - Quito (Ecuador)
13. City Of Skyscrapers - New York (USA)
14. City Of Magnificent Distances - Washington DC
15. City Of Golden Gate - San Francisco (USA)
16. City Of Seven Hills - Rome (Italy)
17. Cockpit Of Europe - Belgium
18. Concentration Camp Of Africa -Equatorial Guinea
19. Copper Country - Zambia
20. City Of Factories - Kanpur (U.P)
21. City Of Festivals - Madurai , Tamil Nadu
22. City Of Dreaming Spires - Oxford , England

1
23. City Of Golden Temple -Amritsar, India
24. City Of Magnificent Distances - Chennai
25. City Of Palaces - Kolkata, India
26. CockPit Of Europe - Belgium
27. City Of Pope - Rome
28. City Of Seven Islands - Mumbai
29. City Of Snow - Canada
30. City Of Arabian Nights - Baghdad, Iraq
31. City Of Motor Cars - Detroit, Michigan (USA)
32. The City That Never Sleeps - Cairo
33. City Of Roses - Chandigarh
34. City Of Smoke - Osaka , Japan
35. City Of Steel In India - Jamshedpur
36. City Of Temples - Varanasi
37. Costliest Coast - Costa Rica
38. Coffee Port Of The World - Shantos (Brazil)
39. Dark Continent - Africa
40. Dead Heart Of Africa -Chad
41. Dairy Of Northern Europe - Denmark
42. Evergreen Forest - Western Ghats
43. Eighth Continent - Madagascar
44. Emerald Island - Ireland
45. Empire City - New York
46. Eternal City - Rome
47. Eye Of Greece - Athens
48. Electronic City Of India - Bangalore

2
49. Forbidden City - Lhasa (Tibet)
50. Friendly Island - Tonga
51. Front Door Of Australia - Darwin
52. Garden City Of England - Kent (England)
53. Garden City Of World - Chicago, USA
54. Garden City Of India - Bangalore
55. Garden Of Europe - Italy
56. Garden Of South India - Thanjavur
57. Garden Of Gods -Colorado (USA)
58. Gate Way Of India - Mumbai
59. Garden Province Of South Africa - Natal
60. Gateway Of Tears - Jerusalem
61. George Cross Island - Malta
62. Granite City - Aberdeen (Scotland)
63. Great White Way - Broadway (New York)
64. Granary Of India - Punjab
65. Gift Of The Nile - Egypt
66. Granary Of South India - Andhra Pradesh
67. Granary Of Tamil Nadu -Tanjavuur
68. Granary Of Kerala - Palakkad
69. Gibraltar Of The Indian Ocean - Aden
70. Golden State - California, USA
71. Golden City - Johannesburg, South Africa
72. Golden Peninsular - Thailand
73. Hermit Kingdom - Korea
74. Herring Pond - Atlantic Ocean

3
 75. Horn Of Africa - Somalia
76. Holy City - Jerusalem
77. Holy Land - Palestine
78. Holy Mountain - Fujiyama, Japan
79. Horn Of Africa - Somalia
80. Hinge Of Africa - Cameroon
81. Heart Of Africa -Burundi
82. Hill Queen - Shimla
83. Island Continent - Australia
84. Island Of Cloves - Zanzibar
85. Island Of Fire - Iceland
86. Island Of Pearls - Bahrain
87. Key To Mediterranean - Gibraltar Strait
88. King Of Indian Forest - Teak
89. Land Of Atlas - Maldives
90. Land Of Golden Fleece - Australia
91. Land Of Kangaroos - Australia
92. Land Of Lilies - Canada
93. Land Of Maple Leaf - Canada
94. Land Of Marble - Italy
95. Land Of The Blacks -Sudan
96. Land Of Midnight Sun - Norway
97. Land Of Golden Pagoda - Myanmar
98. Land Of Perpetual Greenery - Natal
99. Land Of Setting Sun - USA
100. Land Of Rising Sun - Japan

4
101. Land Of Five Rivers - Punjab
102. Land Of Thousand Elephants - Laos
103. Land Of Thousand Lakes - Finland
104. Land Of Thunder Bolt - Bhutan
105. Land Of White Elephants - Thailand
106. Land Of Windmills - Holland (Netherlands)
107. Land Of Cakes - Scotland
108. Land Of Flying Fish - Barbados
109. Land Of Hummingbird - Trinidad
110. Land Of Milk And Honey - Cannan
111. Land Of Morning Calm - Korea
112. Land Of Honest Men -Burkina Faso
113. Land Of Thousand Hills -Rwanda
114. Little Venice - Venezuela
115. Loneliest Island - Tristan De Kalanha
116. Manchester Of The Orient - Osaka , Japan
117. Manchester Of South India - Coimbatore
118. Modern Babylon - London
119. Mini India Of Africa -Mauritius
120. Mother -In -Law Of Europe - Denmark
121. Mother Of Rivers - Colorado, USA
122. Never Never Land - Prairies Of North, Australia
123. Pearl of The Antilles - Cuba
124. Pawn Of The Horn Of Africa -Djibouti
125. Pearl Of Orient - Hong Kong
126. Pillars Of Hercules - Straits Of Gibraltar

5
127. Pink City - Jaipur , India
128. Perfumed Islands -Comoros
129. Playground Of Europe - Switzerland
130. Power Keg Of Europe - Balkans
131. Pearl Of The Pacific - Guayaquil Port (Ecuador )
132. Quaker City - Philadelphia, USA
133. Queen Of Adriatic - Venice , Italy
134. Queen Of The Arabian Sea - Kochi, India
135. Queen Of Flowers - Rose
136. Roof Of The World - The Pamirs, Tibet
137. Rice Port -Puerto Rico
138. Rainbow Nation -South Africa
139. Rice Bowl Of India - Godavari Delta
140. Rice Bowl Of Far East - Myanmar
141. River In The Sea - Gulf Stream
142. Roor Of India – Chotanagpur
143. SawMill Of Europe - Sweden
144. Scotland Of The East – Meghalaya
145. Switzerland Of India - Kashmir
146. Switzerland Of Latin America - Uruguay
147. Sick Man Of Europe – Turkey
148. Sister City Of Madras – Denver
149. Sorrow Of China - River Hwang Ho
150. Spice Garden Of India – Kerala
151. Sugar Bowl Of India – Uttar Pradesh
152. The Battle Field Of Europe - Belgium

6
153. The Isle Of Spring - Jamaica
154. The Sea Of Mountains - British Columbia
155. The Store House Of The World - Mexico
156. The Down Under - Australia
157. The Mother Colony Of The West Indies - St. Kitts
158. The Promised Land - Cannan
159. The Star And Key Of The Indian Ocean -Mauritius
160. Twin City - Budapest
161. The Imperial City - Rome
162. The Spice Island Of The West - Grenada
163. Valley Of Kings - Thebes
164. Valley Of Flowers - Uttarakhand
165. Venice Of East - Bangkok ( Thailand )
166. Venice Of North - Stockholm , Sweden
167. White City - Belgrade , Serbia
168. White Man's Grave - Guinea Coast , West Africa
169. Windy City - Chicago, USA
170. Worlds Bread Basket - Prairies Of North America
171. Workshop Of Europe - Belgium
172. Yellow River -Hwang Ho

7
 LIST OF OLD NAMES AND NEW NAMES:
Old Name New Name Image
Bangalore Bengaluru

Madras Chennai

Calcutta Kolkata

Bombay Mumbai

Mangalore Mangaluru

Mysore Mysuru

8
Cawnpore Kanpur

Baroda Vadodara

Pataliputra Patna

Pondicherry Puducherry

Poona Pune

Trivandrum Thiruvananthapuram

9
Quilon Kollam

Alleppey Alappuzha

Cochin Kochi

Calicut Kozhikode

Palghat Palakkad

Trichur Thrissur

10
Cannanore Kannur

Saket Ayodhya

Umravti Amravati

Tanjore Thanjavur

Lakhnau Lucknow

Trichy Tiruchirappalli

11
 Jeypore Jaipur

Orissa Odisha

Ootacamund Udhagamandalam

Panjim Panaji

Vizagapatam Visakhapatnam

12
Belgaum Belagavi

Hubli Hubballi

Gulbarga Kalburgi

Bijapur Vijayapura

Banaras Varanasi

13
  CHANGED NAME (WORLD):
The following table enlists changed name of the major
countries of the world
Old Name New Name Image
Abyssinia Ethiopia (East
Africa)

Angora Ankara (Turkey)

Basutoland Lesotho (South

Africa)

Batavia Jakarta (Indonesia)

Burma Myanmar (Asia)

14
 Ceylon Sri Lanka (South
Asia)

Christina Oslo (Norway)

Congo Zaire (Central

Africa)

Constantinople Istanbul (Turkey)

Dacca Dhaka
(Bangladesh)

Dutch East Indonesia (South-

Indies East Asia)

15
Dutch Guiana Surinam (South
America)

Edo Tokyo

Ellice Islands Tuvalu (South

Pacific Ocean)

Formosa Taiwan (East Asia)

Gold Coast Ghana (West

Africa)

Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat

Holland The Netherlands

(West Europe)

16
Kampuchea Cambodia (Asia)

Leopoldville Kinshasa
(Democratic
Republic of the
Congo)
Mesopotamia Iraq (South-West
Asia)

Mahmoodpur Lahore (Pakistan)

New Hebrides Vanuatu (South

Pacific Ocean)

Nippon Japan (East Asia)

17
Northern Zambia (South-
Rhodesia Central Africa)

Nyasaland Malawi (South-

Central Africa)

Oea Tripoli (North

Africa)

Peking Beijing (China)

Persia Iran (South-West

Asia)

Rangoon Yangon (Myanmar)

18
Raj Shahi Islamabad
(Pakistan)

Rhodesia Zimbabwe (South-

Central Africa)

Saigon Ho Chi Minh City

(Vietnam)

Salisbury Harare (Zimbabwe)

Sandwich Hawaiian Islands

Wands (The United States)

Siam Thailand (Asia)

19
 South West Namibia (South-
Africa West)

Spanish Guinea Equatorial Guinea

(West Africa)

Stalingrad Volgograd (Russia)

Tanganyika & Tanzania (South-

Zanzibar East Africa)

Turicum Zürich
(Switzerland)

20
  LIST OF INDIAN CITIES AND THEIR NICKNAMES:
Name of Cities Nicknames of the Cities
Bengaluru (Karnataka) 1. Silicon Valley of India
2. Space City
3. Science city of India
4. Garden City of India
Bhagalpur (Bihar) Silk City
Chennai (Tamil Nadu) 1. Detroit of Asia
2. Automobile Capital of India
3. Gate Way Of South India
4. India's health capital
5. Electronic Manufacturing Hub in
India
6. Banking Capital of India
Coimbatore (TamilNadu) Manchester of South India
Dibrugarh (Assam) Tea City of India
Hyderabad (Telangana) City of Pearls
Jaipur (Rajasthan) Pink City
Jamshedpur Steel City of India
(Jharkhand)
Kolkata (West Bengal) City of Joy
Kolhapur (Maharashtra) City of Wrestlers
Kollam (Kerala) Cashew Capital of the World
Kochi (Kerala) Queen of Arabian Sea
Kurnool (Andhra The Gateway of Rayalaseema
Pradesh)
Lucknow (Uttar City of Nawabs

21
Pradesh)
Madurai (Tamil Nadu) 1. City of Festivals
2. Temple city
3. Athens of the East
Mangalore (Karnataka) 1. Cradle Of Indian Banking
2. Gateway Of Karnataka
3. Rome Of The East
4. Petrochemical capital of South
India
5. Ice cream capital of India
6. Jewel of the West Coast
7. City of cuisines
Mumbai (Maharashtra) 1. City of Seven Islands
2. Gateway of India
3. Hollywood of India
4. Maximum City
Mussoorie Queen of the Mountains
(Uttarakhand)
Muzaffarpur (Bihar) The Land of Litchi
Nagpur (Maharashtra) 1. Orange City
2. Tiger Capital
Akola (Maharashtra) The Cotton City
Patiala (Punjab) Royal City
Panipat (Haryana) City of Weavers
Pondicherry Paris of the East
(Puducherry)
Pune (Maharashtra) 1. Oxford of the East

22
 2. Queen of Deccan
Siliguri (West Bengal) Gateway to the Dooars
Surat (Gujarat) Diamond City
Tezpur (Assam) City of Blood
Tirunelveli (Tamil Nadu) 1. Oxford city of south India
2. Halwa city of India
3. City of paddy fields
Thoothukudi (Tamil Pearl City
Nadu)
Udaipur (Rajasthan) 1. White City
2. City of Lakes
3. Venice of the East
Trivandrum (Kerala) Evergreen City of India
Vadodara (Gujarat) 1. Banyan City
2. Cultural Capital of Gujarat/
Sanskari Nagari
3. Power Equipment Manufacturing
Hub of India
4. Pensioners' City

23
 INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATION & HQ

CUET

Every Year 1 Crore Students Trust Us for Test Prep

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 INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION & HQ

 LIST OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS:

Name Head- Foundati Purpose
quarters on Year
The Shanghai Beijing, 15 June A Eurasian political,
Cooperation China 2001 economic, and
Organisation security alliance for
(SCO) cooperation in
political affairs,
economics and trade,
scientific-technical,
cultural, educational
spheres and
safeguard regional
peace.
Organisation of Jeddah, 1969 To preserve Islamic
Islamic Saudi social and economic
Cooperation Arabia values; promote
(OIC) solidarity amongst
member states and
increase cooperation
in areas of
development.
Organisation for Paris, Reformed To stimulate
Economic France Sep. 1961 economic growth and
Cooperation world trade by raising
Development the standard of living
(OECD) in member countries

1
(formerly OEEC, and by coordinating
Formed: 16 aid to less developed
April 1948) countries.
Organisation of Vienna Sept 1960 To unify the
the Petroleum petroleum policies of
Exporting its Member Countries
Countries and ensure the
(OPEC) stabilization of oil
markets to secure
regular supply of
petroleum to
consumers, a steady
income to producers
and a fair return on
capital for those
investing in the
petroleum industry.
Organisation of Kuwait 1968 Organise cooperation
Arab in oil development
Petroleum and regional
Exporting integration, provide
Countries legitimate means to
(OAPEC) preserve the
members’ individual
and collective
interest within the
industry and provide
access to consumer
markets on fair and
reasonable terms.

2
North Atlantic Brussels, 4 April Mutual defence in
Treaty Belgium 1949 response to an attack
Organisation by any external party.
(NATO)
New Shanghai, July 2014 To contribute to
Development China development plans
Bank (NDB) established
nationally through
projects that are
socially,
environmentally and
economically
sustainable.
The Montreal, 1945 To promote safe,
International Air Canada regular and
Transport economical air
Association transport and to
(IATA) provide a forum for
collaboration.
Group of 26 Sept To bring together
Twenty(G20) 1999 industrialized and
developing
economies to discuss
key issues in the
global economy and
promote international
financial stability.
Group of 24 (G- 1971 To coordinate the
24) positions of
developing countries

3
 on international
monetary and
development finance
issues and to ensure
that their interests
were adequately
represented in
negotiations on
international
monetary matters.
Every member of the
G-24, except for
Mexico, is also a
member of the G77.
Group of 77 15 June To promote collective
1964 economic interest
and increase
negotiating capacity
in the UN.
Group of Seven 1973 To tackle global
(G7, earlier G8) challenges through
discussion and
action with no
headquarters, budget
or permanent staff.
G8 expelled Russia to
become G7.
Gulf Riyadh, 25 May To boost economic
Cooperation Saudi 1981 cooperation between
Council (GCC) Arabia members and,

4
 through collective
security, to guard
against any threat
from neighbouring
states and from
Islamic terrorism.
Commonwealth Minsk, 1991 Military and
of Independent Belarus Economic alliance
States (CIS) and to reach a
supranational union.
Also called the
Russian
Commonwealth; was
established through
Belavezha Accords
(1991) and
subsequently the
Alma- Ata Protocol
(1991) and Free
Trade Area
agreement (2012).
BRICS Shanghai 2009 To achieve regional
economic growth and
work as a bridge
between the
developed and
developing countries.
The Arab Al Tahrir 22.03.194 To strengthen
League Sq., Cairo, 5 interest,
Egypt independence and

5
 sovereignty of Arab
member-states
African Union Addis 26.05.200 To strengthen ties
Ababa, 1 between African
Ethiopia countries and
safeguards their
independence.
Asian Beijing, 25.12.201 It is an international
Infrastructure China 5 multilateral
Investment development
Bank (AIIB) institution to provide
finance to
infrastructure
projects in the Asia
region.
The Association Jakarta, 08.08.196 To accelerate
of South-East Indonesia 7 economic progress
Asian Nations and maintain the
(ASEAN) economic stability of
SE Asia.
International Lyon, 7 Sept, Motto: Connecting
Criminal Police France 1923 Police for a safer
Organization world
(INTERPOL)
World Bank Washington July, 1944 Crediting, Working for
D.C. (U.S.A.) a world free of
Poverty
IBRD Washington 1944 Development
(International D.C. (U.S.A.) Assistance, Poverty
Bank for Reduction
Reconstruction

6
and
Development)
ICSID Washington 1957 (But International
(International D.C. (U.S.A.) operation Arbitration
Centre for started in
Settlement of 1966)
Investment
Disputes)
International Washington 24 July, Private Sector
Finance D.C. (U.S.A.) 1956 Development, Poverty
Corporation Reduction
(IFC)
Multilateral Washington 1988 Political Risk
Investment D.C. (U.S.A.) Insurance, Foreign
Guarantee Direct Investment
Agency (MIGA)
World Trade Geneva, 1 January, Regulate
Organization Switzerland 1995 International Trade
(WTO)
International Washington 27 To promotes
Monetary Fund D.C. (U.S.A.) December, international
(IMF) 1945 economic
cooperation
Bank for Basel, 17 May, To provide banking
International Switzerland 1930 services to central
Settlements banks and other
(BIS) international
organizations.
(fosters international
monetary and
financial cooperation)

7
Asian Metro 22 August, Crediting, ADB
Development Manila, 1966 launched the Asian
Bank (ADB) Philippines Development Fund
(ADF) with a view to
providing
concessional credits
to needy members.
World Geneva, 14 July, To promote the
Intellectual Switzerland 1967 protection of
Property intellectual property
Organization throughout the world
(WIPO)
World Health Geneva, 7 April, Health For All
Organization Switzerland 1948
(WHO)
International Geneva, 1919 To protect and
Labour Switzerland promote the rights of
Organization workers and
(ILO) labourers
International Rome, Italy 1977 Enabling the Rural
Fund for Poor to Overcome
Agricultural Poverty
Development
(IFAD)
UNICEF New York 11-Dec- To provide food and
1946 healthcare to children
of those countries
which were
devastated by world
war II.

8
UN Geneva, 1963 To achieve the major
International Switzerland objectives of UN
Training and through training and
Research research
Center
(UNITAR)
UN Nairobi, 5 June, Protect our
Environmental Kenya 1972 environment and
Program conserve our future
(UNEP)
UN New York 1965 Overall development
Development
Program
(UNDP)
UN Capital New York 1966 Eradicate extreme
Development hunger, poverty,
Fund (UNCDF) Promotes equality,
Ensures Environment
Sustainability
International Dubai, 15 June, International
Cricket Council United Arab 1909 governing body of
(ICC) Emirates cricket
International Vienna 1957 To promote peaceful
Atomic Energy Energy uses of
Agency (IAEA) atomic energy
United Nations Geneva 1964 Promote international
Conference on trade to accelerate
Trade & economic growth of
Development developing countries
(UNCTAD)

9
United Nations Geneva 1967 Sets international
Industrial regulations for radio,
Development telegraph, telephone
Organisation and space radio
(UNIDO) communication
World Geneva 1950 Promote international
Meteorological exchange of weather
Organization reports.
(WMO)
Organization for The Hague 1997 Implementing body
the prohibition for the Chemical
of Chemical Weapons Convention,
Weapons which entered into
(OPCW) force on 29 April
1997.
FIFA Zurich 1904 Its goal is constant
(Federation improvement in
International de Football
Football
Association)
International Lausanne, 1894 To develop, promote
Olympic Switzerland and protect the
Committee Olympic Movement in
(IOC) their home countries.
International The Hague, 1945 Functions: To settle,
Court of Justice Netherlands in accordance with
(ICJ) international law,
legal disputes
submitted by States,
and. To give advisory

10
 opinions on legal
questions referred to
it by authorized UN
organs
Asia Pacific Singapore 1989 to further enhance
Economic economic growth and
Cooperation prosperity for the
(APEC) region and to
strengthen the Asia-
Pacific community
SAARC (South Kathmandu, 1985 to promote the
Asian Nepal welfare of the
Association for peoples of South
Regional Asia, strengthen
Cooperation) collective
self-reliance, promote
active collaboration
Commonwealth London 1960 To advance
of Nations economics, social
development, and
human rights in
member countries.

11
  NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION:

Amnesty International (AI) London, UK July 1961

Membership: 7 million members and supporters.
Aims: Legal advocacy, Media attention, direct-appeal
campaigns, research, lobbying.
The International Geneva 17.02.1863
Committee Red Cross Switzerland
(ICRC)
Membership: Signatory State parties to Geneva Conventions
(1949) and Additional Protocols (Protocol I, Protocol II) of
1977 and 2005 and a 25-member committee.
Aims: Protecting victims of conflicts.
International Red Cross Geneva
& Red Crescent Switzerland
Movement
Membership: 17 million volunteers, members and staff
worldwide.
Aims: To protect human life and health, to ensure respect for
all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human
suffering.
Greenpeace International Amsterdam 1971

12
UNESCO’S LIST OF WORLD
HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA

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UNESCO’S LIST OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES
IN INDIA

 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION

The nominated sites must be of “outstanding universal
value” and should meet at least one of the ten mentioned
criteria listed below.
 Criteria for Cultural Sites:
1. Represents a masterpiece of human creative
genius.
2. Exhibits an important interchange of human values
over a span of time, or within a cultural area of the
world, on developments in architecture or
technology, monumental art, town-planning or
landscape design.
3. Bears an unique or exceptional testimony to a
cultural tradition or to a civilisation which is living
or which has disappeared.
4. An outstanding example of a type of building,
architectural, or technological ensemble or
landscape which illustrates a significant stage in
human history.

1
5. An outstanding example of a traditional human
settlement, land-use or sea- use which is
representative of a culture or human-interaction
with the environment especially when it has
become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible
change.
6. It is directly or tangibly associated with events or
living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with
artistic and literary works of outstanding universal
significance.
 Criteria for Natural Sites:
7. Contains superlative natural phenomena or areas
of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic
importance.
8. An outstanding example representing major stages
of the Earth’s history, including the record of life,
significant on-going geological processes in the
development of landforms, or significant
geomorphic or physiographic features.
9. An outstanding example, represents significance of
on-going ecological and biological processes in the
evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh

2
 water, coastal and marine ecosystems, and
communities of plants and animals.
10. Contains the most important and significant
natural habitats for in-situ conservation of
biological diversity, including those containing
threatened species of outstanding universal values
from the point of view of science or conservation.
 Legal Status of Designated Sites
Once a site is declared as a World Heritage Site by
UNESCO, it is accepted as prima facie evidence that such
a site is culturally sensitive and warrants legal protection
pursuant to the Law of War under the Geneva
Convention, its Articles, Protocols and Customs, together
with the other treaties including the Hague Convention
for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of
Armed Conflict and the International Law.
 Article 53 of Geneva Convention promulgates:
Protection of Cultural objects and places of Worship:
Without prejudice to the provisions of the ‘Hague
Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the
Event of Armed Conflict of 14 May 1954’ and of other
relevant international instruments, it is prohibited:

3
  to commit any act of hostility directed against the
historic monuments, works of art or places of
worship which constitute the cultural or spiritual
heritage of people;
 to use such objects in support of the military effort;
 to make such objects the object of reprisals.
 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India
Cultural Sites declared in
1983 1. Ajanta Caves (Maharashtra)
3. Taj Mahal (Uttar Pradesh)
2. Ellora Caves (Maharashtra)
4. Agra Fort (Uttar Pradesh)
1984 5. Sun Temple, Konark (Odisha)
6. Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, Tamil
Nadu (Pancha Ratha, Shore Temple, Arjuna’s
Penance or Descent of the Ganges, Caves
Temples, etc.)
1986 7. Churches and Convents of Goa
8. Khajuraho Group of Monuments (Madhya
Pradesh) (Group of Hindu and Jain Temples
which include Kandariya Mahadev Temple,
Vishvanatha Temple, Lakshmana Temple,
Chausath Yogini Temple, etc. of Hindu Origin and
Parshvanatha, Adinath and Shantinatha Temples,
etc. of Jain Origin)

4
 9. Fatehpur Sikri (Uttar Pradesh)
10. Group of Monuments at Hampi, Karnataka
(Virupaksha Temple, Lakshmi Narasimha Temple,
Hemakuta Group of Temples, Achyutaraya
Temple Complex, Vittala Temple Complex, Hazara
Rama Temple, Lotus Mahal, etc.)
1987 11. Elephanta Caves (Maharashtra)
12. Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (Karnataka)
(Nine Hindu Temples and one Jain Temple which
includes Virupaksha Temple, Papanatha Temple,
etc.)
13. Great Chola Temples [Brihadisvara Temple,
Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu), Airavateshvara Temple,
Darasuram (Tamil Nadu)]
1989 14. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh
(Great Stupa, Ashokan Pillar, Shunga Pillar, Siri
Satakarni inscriptions of Satavahana period,
various other Stupas, etc.)
1983 15. Humayun’s Tomb (Delhi)
16. Qutub Minar and it Monuments (Delhi)
1999 17. Mountain Railways of India
A. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (West Bengal)
(1999)
B. Nilgiri Mountain Railway (2005)
C. Kalka-Shimla Railway (Himachal Pradesh)
(2008)
2002 18. Mahabodhi Temple Complex, Bodh Gaya (Bihar)
2003 19. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh)

5
2004 20. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus or Victoria
Terminus, Mumbai (Maharashtra)
21. Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
(Gujarat)
2007 22. Red Fort Complex (Delhi)
2010 23. Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (Rajasthan) (not the one
situated in Delhi)
2013 24. Six hill forts of Rajasthan
1. Chittorgarh
2. Ranthambhore
3. Kumbhalgarh
4. Amber
5. Jaisalmer
6. Gagron
2014 25. Rani Ki Vav (The Queen’s Stepwell), Gujarat
2016 26. The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier (Capital
Complex, Chandigarh)
27. Archeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara
(Nalanda University), (Bihar)
2017 28. Historic City of Ahmedabad.
2018 29. Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of
Mumbai.
2019 30. Jaipur City, Rajasthan (in July)
2021 31. Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple,
Telangana
32. Dholavira, Gujarat

6
  Natural Sites
1. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (Assam), 1985
2. Kaziranga National Park (Assam), 1985
3. Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur (Rajasthan),
1985
4. Sundarban National Park (West Bengal), 1987
5. Nanda Devi National Park, 1988 and Valley of
Flowers (Uttarakhand), 2005
6. Western Ghats, 2012 (Sub-clusters include
Agasthyamalai, Periyar, Anamalai, Nilgiri,
Talakaveri, Kudremukh and Sahyadri)
7. Great Himalayan National Park (Himachal
Pradesh), 2014
8. Khangchendzonga National Park (Sikkim), 2016
Note: Khangchendzonga National Park is the only Indian
site under the mixed category.
 Benefits of the World Heritage Site Status
 Brings international attention to the need for the
preservation and conservation of the site.
 Brings tourism to the site ensuring economic
benefits.

7
 UNESCO provides funds for restoration,
preservation, and training, if required.
 Promotes close ties with the United Nations and
provides prestige and support.
 Enables access to global project management
resources.
 Facilitates creating partnerships between
government, the private sector, and NGOs to
achieve conservation goals.
 Site becomes protected under the Geneva
Convention against destruction or misuse
during wartime.

8
  SEVEN WONDERS OF INDIA:
The following table enlists the seven wonders of India
(Based on NDTV along with the Ministry of Tourism,
Government of India):
Wonder Location Image
Meenakshi Amman Madurai, Tamil
Temple (Devoted to Nadu
Parvati/Minakshi
and Shiva)

Dholavira (Ancient Kutch District,

Indus Valley Gujarat
Civilization) (UNESCO World
Heritage Site)

Red Fort (Built by Delhi (UNESCO

Mughal Emperor World Heritage
Shah Jahan in Site)
1648)
Jaisalmer Fort Jaisalmer,
(Built by the Rajput Rajasthan
ruler Rawal Jaisal (UNESCO World
in in 1156 AD) Heritage Site)

9
Konark Sun Temple Konark, Odisha
(Built by king (UNESCO World
Narasimhadeva I of Heritage Site)
Eastern Ganga
Dynasty in 1255
AD)
Nalanda (Was Bihar
Buddhist
monastery and
great education
center during the
ancient kingdom of
Magadha)
Khajuraho Group of Chhatarpur
Monuments District, Madhya
(famous for their Pradesh
nagara-style (UNESCO World
architectural Heritage Site)
symbolism, it was
built between 950
and 1050 by the
Chandela dynasty)

10
  SEVEN WONDERS OF INDUSTRIAL WORLD:
The following table enlists the seven wonders of the Industrial
World:
Wonder Description Image
SS Great It was an iron sailing
Eastern steam ship designed by
Isambard Kingdom
Brunel, and built by J.
Scott Russell & Co. at
Millwall. Location - River
Thames, London, UK
Bell Rock Built between 1807 and
Lighthouse 1810 by Robert
Stevenson on the Bell
Rock in the North Sea, it
is the world's oldest
surviving sea-washed
lighthouse. (Location -
off the coast of Angus,
Scotland)
Brooklyn Built in 1883, the
Bridge Brooklyn Bridge is a
hybrid cable-
stayed/suspension
bridge in New York City,
USA.

11
London Constructed in late 19th
Sewerage Century, the London
System sewerage system is part
of the water
infrastructure serving
London, England.
First Built between 1863 and
Transcontine 1869, the Pacific
ntal Railroad Railroad was a 3,069 km
(Pacific contiguous railroad line
Railroad) of the United States.
Panamá Constructed in 1914,
Canal Panamá Canal is a man-
made 77 km waterway
in Panama that
connects the Atlantic
Ocean (via the
Caribbean Sea) with the
Pacific Ocean.
Hoover Dam Constructed in the
1930s, Hoover dam is a
concrete arch-gravity
dam in the Black
Canyon of the Colorado
River. It is located on
the border of Nevada
and Arizona (in the
USA).

12
  SEVEN WONDERS OF UNDERWATER WORLD:
The following table enlists the seven wonders of the Underwater
World
Wonder Description Image
Palau Palau is an island
country located in the
western Pacific Ocean.

Belize Barrier The Belize Barrier Reef

Reef is a series of coral
reefs straddling the
coast of Belize.
Great Barrier The Great Barrier Reef
Reef is the world's largest
coral reef system
along the East of the
Australian Coast.
Deep-Sea It is a fissure in a
Vents planet's surface from
which geothermally
heated water is
released.

13
Galápagos It is an archipelago of
Islands volcanic islands
located on either side
of the Equator (in the
Pacific Ocean).
Lake Baikal It is a rift lake, located
in southern Siberia,
Russia.

Red Sea Lying between Africa

and Asia, the Red Sea
is a seawater inlet of
the Indian Ocean.

 NEW SEVEN WONDERS OF NATURE:

The following table enlists the new seven wonders of the nature:
Wonder Description Image
Iguazu Falls It is the fall of the
Iguazu River (located
on the border of the
Argentine and Brazil).

Jeju Island It is the largest island

off the coast of the
Korean Peninsula.

14
Komodo It is one of the islands
Island of the Republic of
Indonesia.

Puerto Located about 80 km

Princesa north of the city center
Underground of Puerto Princesa,
River Puerto Princesa is a
protected area in the
Philippines.
Table It is a flat-topped
Mountain mountain located in the
city of Cape Town in
South Africa.

Halong Bay It is a UNESCO World

Heritage Site located in
Vietnam.

Amazon Located in South

Rainforest America, it is a moist
broadleaf forest that
covers most of the
Amazon basin.

15
  NEW SEVEN WONDERS OF WORLD:
The following table enlists the new seven wonders of the world:
Wonder Description Image
Great Wall of Located in China, the
China Great Wall is a series of
fortifications made of
stone, brick, tamped
earth, wood, and other
materials.
Petra It is a historical and
archaeological city in
southern Jordan.

Christ the It is an Art Deco statue of

Redeemer Jesus Christ located in
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It
was created by Polish-
French sculptor Paul
Landowski and built by
the Brazilian engineer
Heitor da Silva Costa.
Machu Located in Peru, it is the
Picchu most familiar icon of
Inca civilization.

16
Chichen Itza Built by the Maya people
of the Terminal Classic
period, it was a large pre-
Columbian city in
Mexico.
Colosseum Located in Rome, Italy, it
is an oval amphitheater
(built in Ancient period).

Taj Mahal Located on the south

bank of the Yamuna
river, Agra, India, it is an
ivory-white marble
mausoleum.
Great Located in the Giza
Pyramid of pyramid complex
Giza bordering (in El Giza,
(Honorary Egypt), it is the oldest
included) and largest of the three
pyramids.

17
 COUNTRIES’ CAPITALS
& CURRENCIES

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 COUNTRIES’ CAPITALS & CURRENCIES

 NORTH AMERICA:
Sr. Country Capital Currency
1. Antigua and St. John’s East Caribbean
Barbuda dollar
2. Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar
3. Barbados Bridgetown Barbadian dollar
4. Belize Belmopan Belize dollar
5. Canada Ottawa Canadian dollar
6. Costa Rica San Jose Costa Rican
colon
7. Cuba Havana Cuban peso
8. Dominica Roseau East Caribbean
dollar
9. Dominican Santo Domingo Dominican peso
Republic
10. El Salvador San Salvador United States
dollar
11. Grenada St. George’s East Caribbean
dollar
12. Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemalan
Quetzal
13. Haiti Port-au-Prince Haitian gourde
14. Honduras Tegucigalpa Honduran
Lempira

1
15. Jamaica Kingston Jamaican dollar
16. Mexico Mexico City Mexican peso
17. Nicaragua Managua Nicaraguan
Cordoba
18. Panama Panama City Panamanian
Balboa
19. Saint Kitts and Basseterre East Caribbean
Nevis dollar
20. Saint Lucia Castries East Caribbean
dollar
21. Saint Vincent and Kingstown East Caribbean
the Grenadines dollar
22. Trinidad and Port of Spain Trinidad and
Tobago Tobago dollar
23. United States Washington, D.C. United States
dollar
 SOUTH AMERICA:
Sr. Country Capital Currency
1. Argentina Buenos Aires Argentine peso
2. Bolivia La paz Bolivian Boliviano
3. Brazil Brasilia Brazilian real
4. Chile Santiago Chilean peso
5. Colombia Bogota Colombian peso
6. Ecuador Quito United states
dollar
7. Guyana Georgetown Guyanese dollar

2
8. Paraguay Asuncion Paraguayan
guarani
9. Peru Lima Peruvian Nuevo
sol
10. Suriname Paramaribo Surinamese dollar
11. Uruguay Montevideo Uruguayan peso
12. Venezuela Caracas Venezuelan
bolivar
 EUROPE:
Sr. Country Capital Currency
1. Aland Islands Mariehamn Euro
2. Albania Tirana Albanian lek
3. Andorra Andorra La Euro
Vella
4. Austria Vienna Euro
5. Belarus Minsk Belarusian ruble
6. Belgium Brussels Euro
7. Bosnia and Sarajevo Bosnia and
Herzegovina Herzegovina
convertible mark
8. Bulgaria Sofia Bulgarian lev
9. Croatia Zagreb Croatian kuna
10. Czech Republic Prague Czech koruna
11. Denmark Copenhagen Danish Krone
12. Estonia Tallinn Euro
13. Faroe Islands Torshavn Faroese krona

3
14. Finland Helsinki Euro
15. France Paris Euro
16. Germany Berlin Euro
17. Gibraltar Gibraltar Pound sterling
18. Greece Athens Euro
19. Guernsey Saint Peter Port Guernsey pound
20. Hungary Budapest Hungarian forint
21. Iceland Reykjavik Icelandic krona
22. Ireland Dublin Euro
23. Isle of Man Douglas Manx pound
24. Italy Rome Euro
25. Jersey Saint Helier Jersey pound
26. Kosovo Pristina Euro
27. Latvia Riga Euro
28. Liechtenstein Vaduz Swiss franc
29. Lithuania Vilnius Euro
30. Luxembourg Luxembourg Euro
31. Macedonia Skopje Second
Macedonian dinar
32. Malta Valletta Euro
33. Moldova Chisinau Moldovan Leu
34. Monaco Monaco Euro
35. Montenegro Podgorica Euro
36. Netherlands Amsterdam Euro
37. Norway Oslo Norwegian krone
38. Poland Warsaw Polish zloty

4
39. Portugal Lisbon Euro
40. Romania Bucharest Fourth Romanian
Leu
41. Russia Moscow Russian Ruble
42. San Marino San Marino Euro
43. Principality of HM Fort Sealand dollar
Sealand Roughs
44. Slovakia Bratislava Euro
45. Sweden Stockholm Swedish krona
46. Slovenia Ljubljana Euro
47. Spain Madrid Euro
48. Transnistria Tiraspol Transnistrian
ruble
49. Svalbard Longyearbyen Norwegian krone
50. Switzerland Bern Swiss franc
51. Ukraine Kiev Ukrainian hryvnia
52. Vatican City/Holy Vatican City Euro
See
53. United Kingdom London Pound sterling
54. Serbia Belgrade Serbian dinar
 ASIA:
Sr. Country Capital Currency
1. Afghanistan Kabul Afghan afghani
2. Armenia Yerevan Armenian dram
3. Azerbaijan Baku Azerbaijani
manat

5
4. Bahrain Manama Bahraini dinar
5. Bangladesh Dhaka Taka
6. Bhutan Thimphu Bhutanese
ngultrum
7. Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei dollar
8. Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodian riel
9. China Beijing Renminbi (Yuan)
10. Cyprus Nicosia Euro
11. Georgia Tbilisi/T’bilisi Lari
12. India New Delhi Indian rupee
13. Indonesia Jakarta (former Rupiah
capital) Nusantara
(proposed capital)
14. Iran Tehran Toman
15. Israel Jerusalem Israeli new
shekel
16. Japan Tokyo Yen
17. Jordan Amman Jordonian dinar
18. Kazakhstan Astana Kazakhstani
tenge
19. Korea, North Pyongyang North Korean
won
20. Korea, South Seoul South Korean
won
21. Kuwait Kuwait city Kuwaiti dinar
22. Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Kyrgyzstani som
23. Laos Vientiane Lao kip

6
24. Lebanon Beirut Lebanese pound
25. Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ringgit
26. Maldives Male’ Maldivian rufiyaa
27. Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Mongolian
togrog
28. Myanmar Nay Pyi Taw Kyat
29. Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese rupee
30. Oman Muscat Omani rial
31. Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani rupee
32. Philippines Manila Philippine peso
33. Qatar Doha Qatari riyal
34. Russia Moscow Russian ruble
35. Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi riyal
36. Singapore Singapore Singapore dollar
37. Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Sri Lankan rupee
Kotte, Colombo
38. Syria Damascus Syrian pound
39. Tajikistan Dushanbe Somoni
40. Thailand Bangkok Baht
41. Timor- Dili US dollar
Leste/East
Timor
42. Turkiye Ankara Turkish lira
43. Turkmenistan Ashgabat Turkmen new
manat
44. United Arab Abu Dhabi UAE dirham
Emirates

7
45. Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan som
46. Vietnam Hanoi Dong
47. Yemen Sana’a Yemeni rial
 AFRICA:
Sr. Country Capital Currency
1. Algeria Algiers Algerian dollars
2. Angola Luanda Kwanzaa
3. Benin Porto-Novo Eco
4. Botswana Gaborone Pula
5. Burkina Faso Ouagadougou Eco
6. Burundi Bujumbura Burundi franc
7. Cameroon Yaounde CFA franc
8. Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean
escudo
9. Central African Bangui CFA franc
Republic
10. Chad N’Djamena CFA franc
11. Comoros Moroni Comorian franc
12. Democratic Republic Kinshasa Congolese franc
of the Congo
13. Republic of the Brazzaville CFA franc
Congo
14. Djibouti Djibouti City Djiboutian franc
15. Egypt Cairo Egyptian pound
16. Equatorial Malabo CFA franc
Guinea

8
17. Eritrea Asmara Nakfa
18. Ethiopia Addis Ababa Ethiopian birr
19. Gabon Libreville CFA franc
20. Gambia Banjul Dalasi
21. Ghana Accra Ghanaian cedi
22. Guinea Conakry Guinean franc
23. Guinea Bissau Bissau CFA franc
24. Ivory Coast Yamoussou CFA franc
25. Kenya Nairobi Kenyan shilling
26. Lesotho Maseru Loti
27. Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar
28. Libya Tripoli Libyan dinar
29. Madagascar Antananarivo Malagasy ariary
30. Malawi Lilongwe Malawian kwacha
31. Mali Bamako Eco
32. Mauritania Nouakchott Ouguiya
33. Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian rupee
34. Morocco Rabat Moroccan dirham
35. Mozambique Maputo Mozambican
metical
36. Namibia Windhoek Namibian dollar
37. Niger Niamey Eco
38. Nigeria Abuja Naira
39. Rwanda Kigali Rwandan franc
40. Sao Tome and Sao Tome Dobra
Principe

9
41. Senegal Dakar Eco
42. Seychelles Victoria Seychellois rupee
43. Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leonean
Leone
44. Somalia Mogadishu Shilling
45. South Africa Bloemfontein South African Rand
46. South Sudan Juba South Sudanese
pound
47. Sudan Khartoum Sudanese pound
48. Swaziland Lobamba Lilangeni
 AUSTRALIA/OCEANIA:
Sr. Country Capital Currency
1. Australia Canberra Australian dollar
2. Federated States Palikir US dollar
of Micronesia
3. Fiji Suva Fiji dollar
4. Kiribati Tarawa Australian dollar
5. Marshall Islands Majuro US dollar
6. Nauru Yaren Australian dollar
7. New Zealand Wellington New Zealand
dollar
8. Palau Ngerulmud US dollar
9. Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Kina
10. Samoa Apia Tala
11. Solomon Islands Honiara Solomon Islands
dollar

10
12. Tonga Nuku’alofa Pa’anga
13. Tuvalu Funafuti Australian dollar
14. Vanuatu Port Vila Vatu
15. Bougainville Buka ‎Papua New
Guinean kina‎
(‎PGK‎)

11
 FIRST IN INDIA AND
THE WORLD

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 FIRST IN INDIA AND THE WORLD

RECORD MAKERS (INDIA)

 INDIAN WOMEN

1. First woman Prime Minister Mrs Indira Gandhi

2. First woman Minister in pre- Mrs Vijayalakshmi
independence India Pandit
3. First woman Central Minister Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
post-independence
4. First woman Speaker of Lok Meira Kumar
Sabha
5. First woman Governor of a Mrs Sarojini Naidu
State
6. First Indian Woman President Annie Besant
of Indian National Congress
7. First woman President of UN Mrs Vijayalakshmi
General Assembly Pandit
8. First Muslim Woman to sit on Razia Sultana
the throne of Delhi
9. First Woman to Swim Across Arti Saha
the English Channel
10. First Woman to Climb Mount Bachhendri Pal
Everest
11. First Woman to Ujwala Rai
Circumnavigate (sail round the
world)

1
12. First Woman IAS Officer Anna George Malhotra
13. First Woman IPS Officer Kiran Bedi
14. First Woman Advocate Cornelia Sorabji
15. First Woman Judge Anna Chandi
16. First Woman Judge of a High Anna Chandi
Court
17. First Woman Judge of M. Fathima Bibi
Supreme Court
18. First Woman Chief Justice of a Leila Seth
High Court
19. First Woman Doctor Kadambini Ganguli
20. First Woman to pass MA Chandra Mukhi Bose
21. First Woman Editor of English Dina Vakil
newspaper
22. First Woman Chief Engineer P.K.Thresia
23. First Woman to Receive a Constable Bimla Devi
Sena Medal (88 BN of CRPF)-1990
24. Youngest Woman to Climb Malavath Poorna
Mount Everest
25. First Woman to Climb Mount Santosh Yadav (ITBP
Everest Two Times Officer) – 1993
26. First Lady Magistrate Omana Kunjamma
27. First Woman to Win Nobel Mother Teresa
Prize
28. First to be Crowned Miss India Pramita (Ester Victoria
Abraham) – 1947

2
29. First lobe Crowned Miss Sushmita Sen
Universe
30. First to be Crowned Miss Reita Faria (1966)
World
31. First Woman President Pratibha Devi Singh
Patil
32. First tribal woman President Droupadi Murmu

 INDIAN MEN:
1. First Indian to swim across the Mihir Sen
English Channel
2. First to Climb Mount Everest Tenzing Norgay
3. First to Climb Mount Everest Phu Dorjee
without Oxygen
4. First Indian to join I.C.S. (ICS Satyendra Nath
now is IAS) Tagore
5. First Indian to get Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore
6. First Indian in Space (first Sqn Ldr Rakesh
Indian cosmonaut) Sharma
7. First British Governor General of Warren Hastings
India
8. First Governor General of free Lord Mountbatten
India
9. First Viceroy of India Lord Canning
10. Last Governor General of free C. Rajagopalachari
India
11. First President of India Dr Rajendra Prasad

3
12. First Vice-President of India Dr S. Radhakrishnan
13. First Muslim President of India Dr Zakir Hussain
14. First Sikh President of India Giani Zail Singh
15. First Prime Minister Pt Jawahar Lai Nehru
16. First Speaker of Lok Sabha G. V. Mavalankar
17. First Chief Justice of India Justice H. L. Kania
18. First President of Indian W. C. Bannerjee
National Congress
19. First Indian to become member Lord S. P. Sinha
of Viceroy's Executive Council
20. First Indian to become Nagendra Singh
President of International Court
of Justice
21. First Emperor of Mughal Babur
Dynasty
22. First Field Marshal S. H. F. J. Manekshaw
23. First Indian Commander-in-Chief Gen. K. M. Cariappa
of India (now Field Marshal)
24. First Chief of the Army Staff Gen. Maharaja
(Indian) Rajendra Sinhji
25. First Chief of the Naval Staff Vice-Admiral R. D.
(Indian) Katari
26. First Chief of the Air Force Staff Subroto Mukherjee
(Indian)
27. First Indian in British Parliament Dadabhai Naoroji
28. First Indian recipient of Victoria Khudada Khan
Cross (highest gallantry award

4
 before independence)
29. First Indian to circumnavigate Lt. Col K. S.Rao
the globe
30. First Indian to reach the South Col J. K. Bajaj( 1989)
Pole
31. First Indian High Court Judge Justice Syed
Mehamood (1878)
32. First Indian to make a solo air J. R. D. Tata
flight
33. First Indian to begin socio- Raja Rammohun Roy
religious reform in India
(Renaissance man of India)
34. First Indian Member of House of Lord S. P. Sinha
Lords (British)
35. First Bar-at-Law J. M. Tagore
36. First Chairman of Rajya Sabha Dr S. Radhakrishnan
(1952-62)
37. First Indian Test Cricketer K. S. Ranjit Singhji
38. First Air Marshal Arjan Singh
39. First Judge to face Justice V. Ramaswami
impeachment in the Lok Sabha (1993)
40. Fastest Shorthand writer Dr G. D. Mist (250
wpm)

5
  FIRSTS IN THE WORLD:
Sr. Field Name Year
No
1. Man to reach South Ronald Amundson 1911
Pole (Norway)
2. Man to reach North Robert E Peary 1909
Pole (USA)
3. Woman to reach North Karoline Mikkelsen 1935
Pole
4. Woman to reach South Fran Phipps 1971
Pole (Canada)
5. Man to go in space Yuri Gagarin (former 1961
USSR)
6. Man to set foot on the Neil Alden 1969
moon Armstrong (USA)
7. Man to walk in space Alexei Leonov 1965
(former USSR)
8. Woman cosmonaut in Valentina 1963
space Tereshkova (former
USSR)
9. Men to climb Mt. Tenzing Norgay 1953
Everest (India) and Edmund
Hillary (USA)
10. Woman to climb Mt. Junko Taibei 1975
Everest (Japan)
11. Man to sail around the Ferdinand Magellan 1480-
world (Portugal) 1521

6
12. Polar circumnavigation Sir Ranulph Fiennes 1979-82
and Charles Burton
(Britain)
13. Woman to cross the Arti Pradhan (India) 1988
Strait of Gibraltar
14. Handicapped man to Taranath Shenoy 1988
cross the Strait of (India)
Gibraltar (deaf and
dumb)
15. President of Chinese Dr Sun Yat-Sen 1921-25
Republic
16. Chairman of People's Mao Tse-Tung 1949-76
Republic of China
17. President of USA George Washington 1789
18. Prime Minister of Sir Robert Walpole 1721-42
England
19. Lady Prime Minister of Sirimavo 1970-77
a country Bandaranaike (Sri
Lanka)
20. Lady Prime Minister of Margaret Thatcher 1979-90
England
21. Foreign invader of Alexander the Great 326 BCE
India
22. Chinese traveller to Fahien 405-11
India
23. Woman Bishop Rev Barbara C. 1988
Harris (USA)

7
24. Lady President of a Marma Estela 1974
Country 'Isabel' Martinez
Cactas de Peron
(Argentina)
25. Test Tube Baby Louise Joy Brown 1978
(UK)
26. Space Tourist Dennis Tito (USA) 2001
27. Lady President of Chile Michelle Bachelet 2006
28. Woman Elected Head Ellen Johnson 2006
of African State Sirleaf (Liberia)
(Liberia)
29. First Lady Chancellor Angela Merkel 2005
of Germany
30. First Woman Nobel Marie Curie 1903
Prize Winner

8
 BASIC INFORMATION
ABOUT INDIA

CUET

Every Year 1 Crore Students Trust Us for Test Prep

https:/hitbullseye.com/ 1800-572-7348
 BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT INDIA

NATIONAL INSIGNIA AND OTHER FACTS

I. National Flag
The national flag was adopted by the constituent
assembly of India on 22nd July 1947, and presented to
the nation at the midnight session of the Assembly on 14
August 1947, on behalf of the women of India. The flag
was unfurled on Parliament House.
a. Background
The tricolour flag was first born in the All India Congress
Committee (AICC) meeting at Bezwada in 1912, when a
flag was shown by an Andhra youth and improved by
Mahatma Gandhi with the addition of a white band and
chakra.
b. Dimension
The ratio of the width (proportion) of the flag to its length
is 2:3. All the three bands are of equal width with deep
saffron at the top, white in the middle and dark green at
the bottom.
c. Wheel (Chakra)

1
In the centre of the white band is a wheel in navy blue
colour. The design of the wheel is that of the abacus of
the Sarnath Lion Capital. Its diameter approximates the
width of the white band and it has 24 spokes.
d. Significance of Colors
(i) Saffron: Signifies courage and sacrifice
(ii) White: Signifies truth and peace
(iii) Green: Signifies faith and chivalry
The wheel symbolizes India's ancient culture, dynamism
and peaceful change, and is adopted from the Dharma
Chakra of Emperor Ashoka. Even an unusable national
flag cannot be destroyed. There is a code as to how to
put aside the unusable national flag prescribed by the
government.
II. National Emblem
The national emblem and seal of the Government of India
is a replica of the Capital of Ashoka's Pillar at Sarnath. In
the original capital of the stone pillar four lions are
carved outstanding back to back. In the emblem,
however, only three lions are visible as it appears in print,
the fourth one remains hidden from view. The capitol is
mounted on an abacus (base plate). There is a dharma

2
chakra in the centre of the base plate, on the right of
which is a figure of a bull and on the left that of a horse.
There is an inscription in Devanagari script, a quotation
from the Mundaka Upanishad below the base plate
which reads 'Satya Meva Jayate', which means 'Truth
alone triumphs'.
 Background
The original lion Capital of the Ashoka Pillars was
designed between 242 and 232 BC to hallow the spot
where Buddha first initiated his disciples into the
eightfold salvation. The national emblem was adopted by
the Government of India on 26 January 1950.
III. National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana)
Composer : Rabindranath Tagore in 1911
First Sung 27 December 1911, during the Indian
National Congress Session at Kolkata
When Adopted : 24 January 1950, by the constituent
assembly of India
English Rendered by Tagore himself in 1919,
Translation: under the title 'Morning Song of India'.

 Background
It was originally composed in Bengali language and first
published in January 1912, under the title 'Bharat

3
Vidhata' in Tatva-Bodhini Patrika edited by Tagore
himself. The complete song consists of five stanzas.
However, the first stanza has been adopted by the
defence forces of India to be sung on all ceremonial
occasions and it constitutes the full version of the
national anthem.
Playing time is about 52 seconds for the full version.
However, a shorter version comprising the first and the
last lines of the stanza has a playing time of 20 seconds
and is played on ceremonial occasions.
IV. National Song (Vande Mataram)
Composer Bankim Chandra Chatterjee First sung: 1896
session of Indian National Congress.
a. When Adopted 24 January 1950, along with the
national anthem. English Translation: Rendered by
Sri Aurobindo.
b. Background
Both the national song and the national anthem were
adopted together and have equal status. It has been
taken from Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's novel
AnandaMath published in 1882. It had been a source of
inspiration to the people in their struggle for freedom.

4
V. National Animal
Since November 1972, the tiger (Panthera tigris) has been
adopted as the national animal. To check the dwindling
tiger population in India, 'Project Tiger' was launched in
April 1973.
VI. National Bird
Peacock (Pavo cristatus): It is fully protected under the
Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Adopted as the
national bird in 1964, its hunting has since then been
banned.
VII. National Flower, National Tree and National Fruit
National Flower Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera): It has been an
auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time
immemorial.
VIII. National Tree
The banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis): It has the widest
reaching roots of all known trees, easily covering several
acres.
IX. National Fruit
Mango (Manigifera indica): It is cultivated throughout
India (with exception of hilly areas) since time
immemorial.

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X. National Language
Hindi is the official language of the Government of India.
Besides Hindi, 21 other regional languages have also
been recognized in the Eighth Schedule of the
Constitution of India.
XI. National Days
National Day Date and Month Remarks
Independence 15 August India achieved
Day Independence on this day in
1947
Republic Day 26 January India became a Republic on
this day in 1950
Martyr's Day 30 January Mahatma Gandhi was
assassinated on this day in
1948
Teacher’s Day 5 September Birthday of Dr S.
Radhakrishnan, first Vice-
President of India
Children's Day 14 November Birthday of Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru
Gandhi 2 October Birthday of Mahatma
Jayanti Gandhi